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THOMAS LINCOLN 
CASEY 
LIBRARY 
1925 


eae 
of. 


TRANSACTIONS 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


OF 


LONDON. 


THE 


TRANSACTIONS 


OF THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


LONDON 


FOR THE *EBARK 


1883. 


iL. O.N DON: 


PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY WEST, NEWMAN AND ©CO., 
54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. 
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET, 
CAVENDISH SQUARE, W., 
AND BY LONGMAN, GREEN, READER AND DYER, 
PATERNOSTER ROW. 


1883. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
ee 


Prof. J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e.—Hon. Life President. 


COUNCIL FOR 1883. 


J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. ... President. 

H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.B.S. 

F. Du Cane Gopman, Esq., M.A., F.R. S. | Vice-Presidents. 

R. M‘Lacatan, Esq., F.R.S. f 

Epwarp SaunDers, Esq., F.L.S.... .. Treaswrer. 

: -FERDINAND GrvtT, Esq., F.L.S. ... .. Librarian. 
Epwarp A. Fitcn, Esq., F.L.S. ... 
W. F. Kirsy, Esq. . a 

Rev. H. 8. GorHamM, P. Z. gS, 

J. W. May, Esq., K.N.L. 


saan 
j Secretaries. 


Francis P. Pascox, Esq., F.L.S.. ... | Other Members of 
J. W. Suater, Esq. re : Council. 
CHARLES O. WATERHOUSE, Esq. .. 


W. E. Poo.e. ... Resident Librarian. 


THE 
TRANSACTIONS 
OF THE 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
1834—1883. 


The Transactions can now be obtained by Members’ 
at the following reduced prices :— 


PUBLIC. MEMBERS. 
First Series, 4 volumes (1834—1845)...... Price£4 13 0 £3 10 0 
Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—1861) .... 8 0 0 315 0 
Third Series, 5 volumes (1862—1869) GO 410 0 
The Transactions for the year 1868........ 1030 
” ” Us asbasasc i 2 0 
” ” (Vas an 0sae is 2 239° 10 
, ” USW Als S5no6 nic ep O 
” ” WS ater etelle' ete ee <0 
” ” USHiBen ono TE 
” ” US Wits Gece 12 10 
” ” LSID stetonvettere bigt2! 10 3 00 
” ” US atac Sor eo 
” ” vin ae boo be 1 4 0 
HS 4 RSTO aereicio aes te 015 0 
9 + ISTO ay. vie aise 1278 016 6 
” ” US Mag soonac 019 O 014 3 
5: e LSA 5° 116 0 17 8 
” ” 1882 Far atelatar= 110 0 Le 2e"6 
99 +e USE Rlos condor 20 10: 73 


Any single volume from 1850 to 1877 half-price to Members. 
First Series, vol. v., is out of print. 
The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :— 


Pascoe’s Longicornia Malayana .......... 212 0 PAGO 
Baly’s Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. 1, Aposta- 

SIs ehoapoDuoejoao sn GooGaCoudE oC 016 0 012 0 
Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogyna and Fossorial 

METOsMNENODICT.O aan teios lake er teleisioiscteiiete tare 0 4 6 0 3 4 
Saunders’ ‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’ 

12 AIS. Sie crscn ten aoe ty Cnet oO 6-0 0 4 6 
Newport’s ‘ Athalia centifolie’ (Prize Essay) O° 7/0 o-1° 


The JournaL oF PRocrEpinGs is bound up with the Transactions, but 
may be obtained separately, by Members, gratis ; by the Public, price 
Sixpence per Sheet (16 pp.). 

Members and Subscribers resident more than fifteen miles from London, 
who haye paid their Subscription for the current year, are entitled to 
receive the Transactions for the year without further payment, and they 
will be forwarded free, by post, to any address within the United Kingdom. 

Members and Subscribers resident in, or within fifteen miles of, London 
are entitled to a copy of the Transactions for the current year at half the 
price to the public, which copy may be obtained on application to the 
Librarian ; or all such Members or Subscribers who, in addition to their 
Subscription for the current year, shall, at or before the April Meeting of 
the Society, pay a further contribution of Half-a-Guinea, shall be entitled 
to receive a copy of the Transactions for the year without further pay- 
ment, which copy will be forwarded free by post. 


CONTENTS. 


—_——_—_. 
PAGE 
Explanation of the Plates we ae Se ere te ~» Vili 
Errata .. f a 6 Se xs oe Nc eS vu 
List of Gyn DEES. ae ee eve bd ae ae a Seon ix 
Additions to the Library A! ais ae ae se SQ esau 
MEMOIRS. 
PAGE 


I. Descriptions of three new genera and species of fig-insects 
allied to Blastophaga from Calcutta, Australia, and Mada- 
gascar; with notes on their parasites and on the affinities 
of the pe aroere races. By Sir Srpney S. ri 


C.M.G ae : ac : ae 1 
IJ. Further depen of insects infesting figs. ay J. 0. 
Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e. ove Sr 29 


III. Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in Chili by Thoms 
Edmonds, Esq. By Artuur G. Butuer, F.LS., F.Z.S... 49 


IY. Revision of the species included in the genus Tropisternus 
(fam. Hydrophilide). By D. SHarp. as 35 ot mol 


VY. On the classification of some families of the Tineina. By 
K. Meyrick, B.A. ss ae a3 < on tf =b19 


VI. Notes on three Paussi. By Lovis P&RINGUEY. .. Loe se 


VII. Further additions to Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of British 
Ichneumonide. By Joun B. Bripeman, F.L.S. .. oo dake 


VIII. Remarks on a small collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera from 
Borneo, with descriptions of new species. By A. SIDNEY 


OLLIFF. ae .e oF ae ae eats 

IX. Descriptions of new genera and species of Fiiondiciee, 
By P. Cammron. es Ha a we 3 re LST 

X. Notes on new or little-known species of iN cele aa 
chiefly from New Zealand. By W. F. Kirsy. .. 199 


XI. Supplement to the Geodephagous Coleoptera of jae 
chiefly from the collection of Mr. George Lewis, made 
during his second visit, from February, 1880, to September, 
1881. By H. W. Bates, F.R.S., F.LS. .. AC Scie 20D 


XII. Revision of the Pselaphide of Japan. By D. SHarp. SUA O1 
XIIT. On the Lucanide of Japan. By GrorcEe Lewis. .. .. 333 


XIV. On Ogyris oul algae Hewitson, and its eae: By 
W. iH. Misxin . ac aye : : ae .. 343 


XV. Descriptions of see new species of South. African Lepi- 
doptera-Rhopalocera. By Rotanp Trimen,F.R.S., &e. .. 347 


XVI. Descriptions of sixteen new species of parasitic Cynipide, 
chiefly from Scotland. By P. CamERon, ., oe »» 865 


Vlil MEMOIRS (continued). 


XVII. Further notice concerning the fig-insects of Cones BY 
J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c. ae 375 


XVIII. On the Cynips Carice of Faaccuasiet al other fig. insects 
allied thereto; with description of a new species from 
Australia. By Sir Stpnry SaunpsrRs, C.M.G. ac a0. 080 


XIX. Revision of the genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera 
of the Japanese fauna. By Rev. H. 8. Gorwam, F.Z.S. 393 


XX. First Report on the Rhynchota collected in J abe “i Mr. 


George Lewis. By W. L. Distant. 413 
XXI. Aligognathus Waterhousei, a new genus a species of 
Dorcide from Peru. By Dr. Franz LEUTHNER. .. .. 445 
XXII. Description of a new species of Eurytrachelus (Coleoptera, 
Dorcide). By Cuas.O. WATERHOUSE. .. we a0 
Proceedings for 1883 ob se a0 ate as i 
Index .. oe se a os ee He Sr at 
Bye Laws ae oe ae ie 3 we ae i 


EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 


Plates I.—III. .. See pages 26,27, Plate XV... .. .. See page 345 
Plates [V.—X. .. 5 45—47 | Plate XVI. ask ea PS 381 
Plate ule =i aet-o sy psee page 90:)/sPlate X Ville == a.c eee. 3 411 
Plate XII... See pages 210—213 | Plate XVIII. .. .. + 392 
Plate XIII... .. .. Seepage 290 | Plates XIX.,XX. .. at 443 
Plate exude ret tare ae » 342 | Plate XXI. ey) Bars 54 448 


ERRATA. 


Page 9, line 7, “‘ tarsis ” omitted before “ 5-articulatis.” 

[Pages 30, 34, and 35. The notes and descriptions of Sycoscapter are 
applicable only to the male sex, incomplete specimens of which were 
mistaken for females; hence the observation relative to Dr. P. Mayer’s 
Ichneumon ficarius, female, is incorrect, as stated in my subsequent 
paper, p. 376. To avoid further confusion it will be advisable to separate 
the species with Idarnella-like females (C. carice, jicarius, 4-setosa, and 
aterrima), but with subapterous males, under a different generic name, 
for which that of Idarnodes may be used.—J. O. W.] 


Page 11, last line, and p. 20, 1.3 and 1. 9, for “ Prionastomata ” read 
“ Prionostomata,” and for ‘ Aploastomata” read “ Haplostomata.” 


Page 330, line 13, for “‘2nd” read “1st.” 
Page 376, line 20, for ‘‘joints” read “ points.” 
Page xvii, line 24, for ‘‘ forms” read ‘‘ forces.” 


Hist of. Atlembers 


OF THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


OF LONDON. 


3ist DECEMBER, 1883. 


LIST OF MEMBERS 


OF 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


OF LONDON. 


Honorary Wembers. 


Burmeister, Hermann, Buenos Ayres. 
Hagen, H. A., Cambridge, U.S.A. 
Milne-Edwards, H., Paris. 

Saussure, H. de, Geneva. 

Schiddte, J. C., Copenhagen. 
Selys-Longchamps, E. de, Liége. 
Siebold, C. T. E. von, Mwnich. 
Signoret, Victor, Paris. 


ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. 


Date ot 
Election. 


1877 
1877 
1880 


1867 S. 


1856 
1883 


ae 


1850 
1865 
1861 


1851 + 


1882 

1882 

1880 

1879 
* 


1881 S§. 


1841 
1860 
1875 


1876 


1852 + 


1867 
1880 


1880 S. 


1877 
1870 
1879 


1878 
1862 
1883 
1855 


Marked * are Original Members. 
Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions. 
Marked S. are Annual Subscribers. 


Adams, Frederick Charlstrom, 20 Old Bond-street, W. 

Adams, Herbert Jordan, Roseneath, London-rd., Enfield, N. 

André, Ed., M.S.E. de France, Berlin, Stettin, &., 21 Bowle- 
vard Brétonniere, Beaune (Cote d Or), France. 

Archer, F., Little Crosby-road, Crosby, Liverpool. 

Armitage, Edward, R.A., 3 Hall-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. 

Attye, Robert Jervoise, Ingow Grange, Stratford-on-Avon. 


Babington, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &., Pro- 
fessor of Botany, 5 Brookside, Cambridge. 

Baly, Joseph S., M.R.C.S., F.L.S., The Butts, Warwick. 

Barton, Stephen, 32 St. Michael’s-hill, Bristol. 

Bates, Henry Walter, F.R.S., F.L.S., &¢., 11 Carleton-road, 
Tufnell Park, N. 

Beaumont, Alfred, Low Valley Field, Culross, N.B. 

Berg, Carl, Museo Publico, Buenos Ayres. 

Bergroth, Dr. Evald, 11 Robertsgatan, Helsingfors, Finland. 

Bignell, Geo. Carter, 7 Clarence-place, Stonehouse, Plymouth. 

Billups, T.R., 20 Swiss Villas, Coplestone-road, Peckham, S.E. 

Blomefield, Rev. Leonard, M.A., F.L.S., &.,19 Belmont, Bath. 

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N., M.A., Guestling Rectory, Hastings. 

Bond, Fred., F.Z.8., 5 Fairfield Avenue, Staines. 

Bonvouloir, Comte Henri de, 15 Rue del Université, Paris. 

Borrer, William, junr., Parklands, Keymer, Hurstpierpoint, 
Sussex. 

Boscher, Edward, Bellevue House, Twickenham. 

Boyd, Thomas, Surrey Lodge, Hornend-road, Norwood, 8.E. 

Boyd, William Christopher, Cheshunt, Herts. 

Brandt, Dr. Edouard, Pres. Russ. Ent. Soc., &¢., Imperial 
Medico-Chirurgical College, St. Petersburg. 

Bridgman, John B., F.L.S., 69 St. Giles’-street, Norwich. 

Briggs, Charles Adolphus, 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. 

Briggs, Thos. Henry, M.A., 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. 

Brongniart, Charles, M.S.E. et M.S.G. de France, &c., 
Muséum Whistoire Natwrelle de Paris, 57 Rue Cwier, 
Jardin des Plantes. 

Broun, Capt. Thomas, Kawau, Auckland, New Zealand. 

Browne, Rev. Thomas Henry, M.A., F.G.S., The Cedars, 
High Wycombe, Bucks. 


Buckton, George Bowdler, F.R.S., &c., Weycombe, Haslemere, 


Surrey. 
Burnell, Edward Henry, 82 Bedford-row, W.C. 


1868 + Butler, Arthur Gardiner, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 10 Avington-grove, 


Penge, 8.E. 


xil 
1883 


1878 
1860 
1880 


1877 
1877 
1868 
1877 


1871 
1871 
1867 
1865 
1874 
1873 
1873 
1880 
1876 
1883 
1880 


1853 
1867 
1880 


1883 
1868 


1873 
1837 


1875 
1875 


1855 
1873 
1874 


1876 
1874 
1867 


1849 
1874 


1865 
1883 


1865 
1881 
1878 
1869 
1876 


LIST OF MEMBERS. 


Butler, Edward Albert, B.A., B.Se.,7 Turle Road, Tollington 
Park, N. 


. Cameron, Peter, 31 Willow-bank-crescent, Glasgow. 


Candeze, Dr. E., Glain, Liége. 
Cansdale, W. D., 6 Whittington-terrace, London-road, 
Forest Hill, 8.H. 


. Capron, Edward, M.D., Shere, Guildford. 
. Carmichael, T. D. Gibson, F.L.S., Castle Craig, Peebles, N.B. 


Carrington, Charles, Ellerslie, Lower Merton, 8.W. 

Carrington, John T., F.L.8., Royal Aquarium, Westminster, 
S.W. 

Champion, G. C., 274 Walworth-road, 8.E. 

Charlton, Ernest S., Hesleyside, Bellingham, Hexham. 

Clarke, Alexander Henry,109 Warwick-road, Earls Court, S.W. 


. Clarke, C. Baron, M.A., F.R.S., &., Royal Herbarium, Kew. 


Cockle, Capt. George, 9 Bolton-gardens, S.W. 


. Cole, Benjamin G., Lawrel Cottage, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. 


Cole, William, Lawrel Cottage, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. 
Copland, Patrick F., Hillcote, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. 


+ Copperthwaite, William Charles, Beech-grove, Malton. 


Coverdale, George. 24, Fleming-road, Lorrimore-square, 8.H. 


. Cowell, Peter (Librarian of the Free Public Library), William 


Brown-street, Liverpool. 
Cox, Colonel C. J., Fordwich House, Canterbury. 
Cox, Herbert Edward. 
Crisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., F.L.S., Sec. R.M.S., 5 Lansdowne- 
road, Notting Hill, W. 
Crowley, Philip, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Waddon House, Croydon. 
Curzon, E. P. Roper. 


Dale, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne. 
Devonshire, William Cavendish, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., &c., 
Devonshire House, 78 Piccadilly, W. 


. Dickson, Prof. Wm. (Curator, University Library), Glasgow. 


Distant, William Lucas, M.A.I., 1 Selston Villas, Derwent- 
grove, Hast Dulwich, 8.E. 

Dohrn, Dr. C. A. (Pres. Entomological Soc. of Stettin), Stettin. 

Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa. 


. Dormer, John Baptist Joseph Dormer, Lord, Grove Park, 


Warwick. 

Douglas, John William, 8 Beaufort-gardens, Lewisham, 8.E. 

Dowsett, Arthur, 54, Russell-street, Reading. 

Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 1 Circus-road, St. John’s 
Wood, N.W. 

Dunning, Joseph Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., PResmpEnt, 
12 Old-square, Lincoln’s Inn, W.C. 

Du Pré, Charles Christian, F.L.8., 17 Pembroke-gardens, 
Kensington, W. 

D’ Urban, W.S. M., F.L.S., Albwera, St. Leonards, Exeter. 

Durrant, John Hartley, Bancroft House, Hitchin, Herts. 


Eaton, Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A. 


. Edwards, James, Swrrey Cottage, Rupert-street, Norwich. 


Elwes, Hy. John, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Preston House, Cirencester. 
Emich, Gustave d’, 6 Sebastian-place, Budapesth, Hungary. 


. Enock, Fred., Ferndale, Bath-road, Woking Station, Surrey. 


1881 
1878 
1874 


1874 
1865 
1883 
1881 
1880 
1870 
1883 
1869 
1855 


1876 
1865 


1875 
1855 
1874 


1879 
1865 
1846 


1877 
1874 
1858 
1879 
1881 
1883 
1876 
1869 
1883 
1876 


1865 
1880 


1843 
1869 


1853 
1872 
1865 
1876 
1876 
1872 
1861 
1876 


- 1842 


LIST OF MEMBERS. Xill 


Fereday, R. W., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand. 


. Finzi, John A., 105 Gower-street, W.C. 


Fitch, Edward A., F.L.S., Secretary, Brick House, Maldon, 
Hssex. 


. Fitch, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park, N. 


Fletcher, J. E., Happy Land, Worcester. 

Fletcher, W. H. B., M.A., 6 The Steyne, Worthing, Sussex. 

Foran, Chas., Marshfield House, Terminus-rd., Eastbourne. 

Fowler, Rev. W. W., M.A., F.L.8., The School House, Lincoln. 

Freeland, H. W., M.A., Chichester. 

Freeman, Francis Ford, 8 Leigham-terrace, Plymouth. 

French, Rev. David John, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.H.S., &e. 

Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood 
Park, Norwood, 8.E. ; 

Fryer, Herbert Fortescue, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire. 


Godman, Frederick DuCane, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.8, &., Park 
Hatch, Godalming; and 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish- 
square, W. 


. Gooch, W. D., F.L.S., The Sanctuary, Westminster, 5.W. 


Gorham, Rev. Henry Stephen .F.Z.8., Shipley, Sussex. 

Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.G.S., Almora, Berrylands, Swr- 
biton Hill, S.W. 

Gosse, Philip Hy., F.R.S., Sandhurst, Torquay, Devonshire. 

Greene, Rev. J., M.A., Rostrevor, Apsley-rd., Clifton, Bristol. 

Grut, Ferdinand, F.L.S., Liprartan, 9 Newcomen-street, 
Southwark, S.E. 

Harding, George, The Grove, Fishponds, Bristol. 

Harford, Henry C., Lieut. 99th Regt., Cape of Good Hope. 

Harold, Baron Edgar von, 52 Barerstrasse, Munich. 


. Harris, John T., Newton-road, Burton-on-Trent. 


Henry, George, 38 Wellington-square, Hastings. 

Hill, Lewis Fredk., 3 Edwardes-terrace, Kensington, W. 
Hillman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes. 
Holdsworth, Edward, Shanghai. 


. Horner, A. C., Tonbridge, Kent. 


Horniman, Frederick John, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.8S., &e., 
Surrey House, Forest Hill, 8.E. 
Hudd, A. E., 94 Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol. 


Inchbald, Peter, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Fulwith Grange, Harrogate, 
Yorks. 

Janson, Edward W., 32 Victoria-road, Finsbury Park, N.; 
and 385 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C. 

Janson, Oliver E., 382 Victoria-road, Finsbury Park, N.; 
and 85 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C. 

Jekel, Henri, 62 Rue de Dunkerque, Paris. 


. Jenner, J. H. A., 4 Hast-street, Lewes. 
. John, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd. 


Katter, Dr. F., Putbus, Rigen, North Prussia. 

Kay, John Dunning, Leeds. 

Kaye, Ernest St. G., Jessore, Bengal. 

Kirby, W. F., Secretary, 5 Union-road, Tufnell Park, N. 

Kraatz, Dr. G. (President of the German Entomological 
Society), Link-strasse, Berlin. 

Kuper, Rev. Chas. Augustus Frederick, M.A., The Vicarage, 
Trelleck, Chepstow, 


Xiv 


1875 
1868 
1880 


1883 
1868 


1876 
1876 
1835 


1875 


1865 
1881 


1849 
1850 


1850 


1880 


1851 
1858 


1869 
1865 
1856 
1874 
1865 


1860 
1872 


1880 
1883 
1871 
1879 


1853 
1869 


1876 
1872 


1878 
1882 
1878 


1869 
1877 
1883 


1873 
1881 
1878 


LIST OF MEMBERS. 


Lamarche, Oscar, 70 Rue Lowvrex, Liége.. 

Lang, Lieut.-Col. A. M., R.E., Simla, India. 

Lang, Henry Charles, M.D., F.L.S., 41 Berners-st., Oxford- 
street, W. 

Lemann, Frederick Charles, Blackfriars House, Plymouth. 

Lendy, Major Augustus F., F.L.8., F.G.8., Sunbury House, 
Sunbury, 8.W. 

Lewis, George, F.L.8., 101 Sandgate-road, Folkestone. 

Lichtenstein, Jules, La Lironde, near Montpellier. 

Lingwood, Robert Maulkin, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.8., 6 Park 
Villas, Cheltenham. 

Livingstone, Clermont, Hast Lodge, Forest Rise, Waltham- 
stow, Essex. 

Llewelyn, J. Talbot Dillwyn, M.A., F.L.8., Ynisgerwn, Neath. 

Lloyd, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome House, Upper Bognor, 
Sussex. 

Logan, R. F., Spylaw House, Colinton, near Edinburgh. 


. Lowe, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park-road, 


Wimbledon Park, 8.W. 

Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., D.C.L., M.P., F.R.S., Pres.L.S., 
F.G.8., &¢., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent. 

Lupton, Henry, 32 Clarendon-road, Leeds. 


M‘Intosh, J. 

M‘Lachlan, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.8., Westview, Clarendon- 
road, Lewisham, 8.E. 

Marseul, L’Abbe 8. A. de, 271 Boulevard Pereire, Paris. 

Marshall, Rev. Thos. Ansell, M.A. 

Marshall, William, Elm Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield. 

Mason, Philip Brooke, M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Burton-on-Trent. 

Mathew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.8S., F.R.G.8., Instow, 
North Devon. 

May, John William, K.N.L., Arwndel House, Percy Cross, 
Fulham-road, 8.W. 

Meldola, Raphael, F.R.A.S., F.C.S., 21 John-st., Bedford, 
row, W.C. 

Meyrick, Edward, Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wilts. 

Miles, W. H., 83 Paris-street, Palace-road, Lambeth, 8.E. 


. Miskin, W. H., Brisbane, Queensland. 


Monteiro, Senor Antonio Augusto de Carvatho, 72 Rua do 
Alecrion, Lisbon. 

Moore, Frederic, F.Z.8., A.L.8., 110 Oakfield-rd., Penge, S.E. 

Miller, Albert, F.R.G.S., 1954 Junkerstrasse, Berne, Switzer- 
land. 

Miller, Dr. Clemens. 

Murray, Lieut. H., 70th Brigade Depot, Tralee, Ireland. 


Newman, Thomas P., 54 Hatton Garden, E.C. 
Niceville, Lionel de, Indian Museum, Calcutta. 
Nottidge, Thomas, Ashford, Kent. 


Oberthiir, Charles (fils), Rennes. 

Oberthiir, René, Rennes. 

Oldfield, George W., M.A., 48 Beawmont-street, Devonshire- 
place, W. 

Olivier, Ernest, Ramillons, pres Moulins (Allier), France. 


. Olliff, A. 8., 36 Mornington-road, Regent’s Park, N.W. 


Ormerod, Miss Eleanor A., F.M.S., Dunster Lodge, Spring- 
grove, Isleworth, W. 


LIST OF MEMBERS. XV 


Ormerod, Miss Georgiana, Dunster Lodge, Spring-grove, 
Isleworth. W. 

Osten-Sacken, Baron C. R., Wredeplatz, Heidelberg. 

Owen, Sir Richard, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D., F.R.S., &c., 
Sheen Lodge, Mortlake, S.W. 


Parry, Major Frederick John Sidney, F.L.S., 18 Onslow- 
square, 8.W. 

Pascoe, Francis P., F.L.8., 1 Burlington-road, Westbourne 
Park, W. 

Peringuey, Louis, Rondebosch, Cape Colony. 

Perkins, Vincent Robt., Wotton-wnder-Hdge, Gloucestershire. 

Phipson, Arthur, 3 Gray’s Inn-square, W.C. 

Pim, H. Bedford, Leaside, Kingswood-road, Upper Nor- 
wood, 8.E. 

Porritt, George T., F.L.8., Greenfield House, Huddersfield. 

Preston, Rev. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.S., The Green, 
Marlborough, Wilts. 

Preudhomme de Borre, Alfred (Sec., Ent. Soc. of Belgium), 
19 Rue de Dublin, Ixelles, near Brussels. 

Price, David, 48 West-street, Horsham, Sussex. 


. Pryer, H. J. 8., Yokohama, Japan. 


Puls, J. C., Place de la Calandre, Ghent. 


Ramsden, Hildebrand, M.A., F.L.S., 26 Upper Bedford-place, 
Russell-square, W.C. 


. Ransom, Wm. Hy., M.D.,F.R.S., The Pavement, Nottingham. 


Reed, Edwyn C., F.L.8., Calle Collegia, Valparaiso, Chili. 

Riley, C. V., State Entomologist, United States Entomological 
Commission, Washington. 

Ripon, George Frederick Samuel Robinson, Marquis of, K.G., 
E.R.S., F.L.S., &e., 1 Carlton-gardens, 8.W. 

Robinson, Frank Edward, Madura, South India. 

Robinson-Douglas, William Douglas, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., 
Orchardton, Castle Douglas, N.B. 


. Rothera, G. B., High-street Place, Nottingham. 


Rothney, G. A. J., Calcutta. 

Rye, Edward Caldwell, F.Z.8., Somerset Villa, Upper Rich- 
mond-road, Putney, S.W. 

Rylands, Thomas Glazebrook, F.L.S., F.G.S., Highfields, 
Thelwall, Warrington. 


Salle, Auguste, 138 Rue Guy de la Brosse, Paris. 

Salvin, Osbert, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 10 Chandos-street, 
Cavendish-sq., W.; aud Hawksfold, Fernhurst, Hasle- 
mere. 

Saunders, Edward, F.L.8., Treasurer, St. Ann’s, Mason's 
Hill, Bromley, Kent. 

Saunders, G. 8., St. Stephens, Canterbury, Kent. 

Saunders, Sir Sidney Smith, C.M.G., Gatestone, Central Hill, 
Upper Norwood, 8.H. 

Schaufuss, L. W., Ph.D., M.Imp.L.C.Acad., &¢., Dresden. 

Scollick, A. J., Albion Lodge, Putney, S.W. 

Scott, Sir Arthur, Bart., F.L.S., 97 Haton-square, S.W.; and 
Great Barr Hall, Birmingham. 

Sealy, Alfred Forbes, Cochin, South India. 

Semper, George, Altona. 

Sharp, David, M.B., Eecles, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire. 


1869 
1845 


1876 
* 


1882 


1868 
1865 
1882 
1874 
1881 


1874 
1862 


—s 


LIST OF MEMBERS. 


Shaw, A. Eland, 13 Lanhill-road, Paddington, W. 

Shelley, Capt. George E., 13 Rutland Gate, W. 

Shepherd, Edwin. 

Sidebotham, Joseph, F.L.S., F.R.A.S., F.S.A., Hrlesdene, 
Bowdon, Cheshire. 

Slater, John Wm., 36 Wray-crescent, Tollington Park, N. 

Smith, Frederick W., Hollywood House, Dartmouth Point, 
Blackheath, Kent. 

Smith, Henley Grose, 20 Finsbury Circus, E.C. 

Spence, William Blundell, Florence. 

Stainton, Henry Tibbats, F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.S., &e., 
Mountsfield, Lewisham, 8.E. 

Stevens, John §., 88 King-street, Covent Garden, W.C. 

Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper 
Norwood, 8.H. 

Swanzy, Francis, Stanley House, Granville-road, Sevenoaks. 

Swinton, A.H., Binfield House, Waterden-road, Guildford. 


Thomson, Jas., 12 Rue de Presbowrg, Place del Etoile, Paris. 

Todd, Richard, 5 Princes-terrace, Bayswater, W. 

Trimen, Roland, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Curator of South African 
Museum), Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. 


Vaughan, Howard, 11 Ospringe-road, Brecknock-road, N.W. 
Verrall, G. H., Sussex Lodge, Newmarket. 


Wakefield, Charles Marcus, F.L.S., Belmont, Uxbridge. 
Walker, Rev. Francis Augustus, D.D., F.L.S., 33 Bassett-road, 
Notting Hill, W. 


. Walker, J.J., R.N., 12 Ranelagh-rd., Marine Town, Sheerness. 


Wallace, Alfred Russel, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &¢., Nutwood Cottage, 
Frith Hill, Godalming. 

Walsingham, Thomas de Grey, Lord, M.A., F.L.8., F.Z.S., 
&c., Haton House, Eaton-square, S.W. 

Ward, Christopher, F.L.S., Savile-road, Halifax. 

Waterhouse, Charles O., British Musewm, Cromwell-road, 
S.W. 

Waterhouse, George R., F.Z.8., &c., Curton Lodge, Disraeli- 
road, Putney, 8.W. 

Websdale, C. G., 78 High-street, Barnstaple. 

Weir, John Jenner, F.L.S., Chirbury, Beckenham, Kent. 

Western, E. Young, 27 Craven Hill Gardens, Bayswater, W. 

Westwood, John Obadiah, M.A., F.L.S., &., Honorary Lire 
PRESIDENT, 67 Woodstock-road, Oxford. 

Weymer, Gustav, 58° Kleeblattstrasse, Elberfeld, Rhenish 
Prussia. 

White, F. Buchanan, M.D., F.L.8., Annat Lodge, Perth, N.B. 

White, Rev. W. Farren, Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucestershire, 

Williams, W. J., Zoological Society, Hanover-square, W. 

Wilson, Owen, Cwmffrwd, Carmarthen. 

Wood, Theodore, 5 Selwyn-terrace, Jasper-road, Upper 
Norwood, 8.E. 

Wood-Mason, James, F.G.S., F.L.S. (Curator of the Indian 
Museum), Calcutta. 

Wormald, Percy C., 10 Cromwell-avenue, Highgate, N. 


1865 §. Young, Morris, Free Musewm, Paisley. 


ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY 


DURING THE YEAR 


1883. 


Abeille (L’). Journal d’Entomologie, redigé par 8. A. de Marseul. Nos. 
264, 266—270, 273—275. The Editor. 


Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series I.—IV., 80 vols. Series 
V., 12 vols. ; complete to December, 1883; 92 vols. 8vo. 
The President, J. W. Dunning. 


Arxinson (E.T.) Notes on the Zoology of the N. W. P., India. Part 2. 1882. 
The Author. 


Bee-keeping in India. A Collection of Papers on, 1883. Sec. of State for India. 


Bere (Carl). Analecta Lepidopterologica. 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1882. 
‘ The Author. 


Doce Heterdémeros Nuevos de la Fauna Argentina. 8yo. Buenos 
Aires, 1883. The Author. 


Miscellanea Lepidopterologica. 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1883. 
The Author. 


Die Gattung Tolype, Hb. ihre Synonyme und Arten. 
The Author. 


Berrxau (Dr. Philipp). Bericht iiber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im 
Gebiete der Entomologie wihrend des Jahres 1882. 8vo. 
Berlin, 1882. The Author. 


Braver (Dr. Friedrich). Offenes Schreiben als antwort auf Herrn Baron 
Osten-Sacken’s ‘ Critical Review’ meiner Arbeit iiber die Nota- 


canthen. 8vo. Wien, 1883. The Author. 
BurMEIstER (Hermann). Anales del Museo Publico de Buenos Aires. 
Entrega Trecena. The Author. 


Canadian Entomologist (The). Edited by William Saunders. Vol. XIV., 
Nos. 10—12; and Vol. XV., Nos. 1—3, and 5—9. 8vo. 


London (Ontario), 1882—83. The Editor. 
Cuavporr (Baron Maximilien de). Matériaux pour servir 4 l'étude des 
Féroniens. A. Sallé. 
Monographie des Lebiides. A. Sallé. 
Observations sur quelques genres de Carabiques avec la description 
d’éspeces nouvelles. A. Sallé. 
Description de nouvelles espéces de Carabiques du genre Pasimachus. 
A, Sallé. 


c 


(> xvi -) 


Cuauporr (Baron M. de), continued—Reévision des genres Onychopterygia, 


Dicranoncus, et Colpodes. A. Sallé. 
Essai monographique sur le genre Cymindis. A. Sallé. 
Synonymische Bemerkungen. A, Sallé. 
Note sur quelques espéces de Carabes plats du Caucase. 
A. Sallé. 
Genres nouveaux et espéces nouvelles de Coléoptéres de la famille 
des Carabiques. F. Grut. 


Tableau d’une nouvelle subdivision du genre Feronia, Dej., suivi 
d’une charactéristique de trois nouveaux genres de Carabiques. 


. Grut. 
Description d’espéces nouvelles de Carabiques et de la tribu des 
Troncatipennes. A, Sallé. 
Description de genres nouveaux et d’espéces inédites de la famille 
des Carabiques. A. Sallé. 
Genres nouveaux et espéces inédites de la famille des Carabiques 
(Troncatipennes). A. Sallé. 
Monographie des Siagonides. A. Sallé. 
Genres aberrants du Groupe des Cymindides. A. Sallé. 
Enumération des Cicindélétes et Carabiques recueillis par M. A. 
Raffray dans les iles de Zanzibar, &c. A. Sallé. 
Catalogue des Cicindélétes et des Carabiques recueillis par M. A. 
Raffray en Abyssinie. A. Sallé. 
Supplément a l’essai sur les Feroniens de l’Australie publié dans le 
Bulletin des Naturalistes de Moscou. A, Sallé. 
Les Harpaliens de l’Australie d’aprés la collection de M. le Comte 
de Castelnau et la mienne. A. Sallé. 
Monographie des Chléniens. : A. Sallé. 
Monographie des Scaritides. Parties 1 et 2. A. Sallé. 
Monographie des Callidides. A. Sallé. 


Essai monographique sur le Groupe des Pogonides. 4. Sallé. 
Notes et Additions au Mémoire de M. Reed sur les Carabiques du 


Chili. 1lére partie. A. Sallé. 
Monographie des Brachynides. A. Sallé. 
Monographie des Oodides. Parties 1 et 2 (posthume), redigé par 

A. Sallé. A. Sallé. 
Cistula Entomologica. Pars XXVII. Purchased. 


Distant (W. L.) Rhopalocera Malayana. PartsIV.& V. Purchased. 
Doxtrovrorr (Wladimir). Revue Mensuelle d’Entomologie redigée par W. D 
8vo. St. Petersburg, 1883. The Editor. 


Dyrr (W. T. Thiselton). Report of the International Phylloxera Congress of 
Bordeaux at the Congress of the Governments of N.S. Wales, 

S. Australia, and Victoria. 
The Directors of the Royal Gardens, Kew. 


Entomologist (The). 8vo. London, 1883. T. P. Newman. 


Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine (The). 8vo. London, 1883. 
The Editors. 


( =x ) 


Ericuson (W. F.) &c. Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Coleop- 
tera. 6 Band. Purchased. 


Hacen (Dr. H. A.) Contributions from the Northern Transcontinental Sur- 


vey. The Genus Colias. 1882. The Author. 

Horn (George H.), M.D. Revision of the Species of some genera of 
Buprestide. The Author. 
Synopsis of the Species of the Tribe Lebiini. The Author. 


Jacoss (Dr.) On the presence of Gistridean and Muscidean Larve in the 
Human Body. Translated, with References and Remarks, by 


Professor Cobbold, M.D. The Translator. 
Journal of Science. Nos. 109—120. The Editor. 
Kirpy (W. F.) On a Small Collection of Hymenoptera and Di 

Timor Laut Isla 


LasounBene (A.) et P. Mzanry. Mémoire sur les Argas de Perse. 
The Authors. 


Lane (Henry C.), M.D. The Butterflies of Europe. Parts XI.—XYV. 
The Author. 


LeConte (John L.) and G. H. Horn, M.D. Classification of the Coleoptera. 
The Smithsonian Institution. 


LicHTENSTEIN (Jules). De V'Evolution Biologique des Pucerons en général et 
du Phylloxera. 1883. The Author. 


Lettre 4 M. le Directeur de Messager Agricole. 1883. (Le Puceron), 
The Author. 


LintNER (J. A.) First Annual Report of the Injurious and other Insects of 


the State of New York. The Author. 
Lussock (Sir John), Bart. On the sense of Colour among some of the Lower 
Animals. Part 2. 1883. The Author. 


Observations on Ants, Bees, and Wasps. Part1. The Author. 


McLacutan (Robert). Remarks on certain Psocide, chiefly British. 1883. 


The Author. 
Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands. 1883. The Author. 
Two new species of Anax, with Notes on the Dragon-flies of the 
same genus. 1883. The Author. 
Madras. Administration of the Government Central Museum of Madras for 
the year 1882—3. Madras Government. 
Mavricx (Charles). Les Insectes Fossiles spécialement d’aprés les travaux 
dc Samuel Scudder. Lille, 1882. The Author. 


Maver (Paul). Zoologischer Jahresbericht fiir 1881. Leipzig. 
The Author. 


Méenrn (Pierre). Mémoire sur les Cheylitides Parasites. The Author. 


De la Caducité des Crochets et du Scolex lui-méme chez les Ténias. 
The Author. 


Note sur le Développement du Tricuspidaria nodulosa, Rud., ou 
Trienophorus nodulosus, Rud. The Author. 


Sur une nouvelle forme de Ver vésiculaire, The Author, 


( xx ) 


/ . . . . 
Meenrn (Pierre), continued—Les Acariens Parasites du Tissu cellulaire et des 
Réservoirs Aériens chez les Oiseaux. The Author. 


Anchylostomes et Dochmies. The Author. 


Sur de petits Helminthes Agames Enkystés qui peuvent étre con- 
fondus et qui l’ont été avec la Trichina spiralis. Owen. 
The Author. 


On the Gapes Disease in Gallinaceous Birds, and on the Parasite 
which causes the Disease (Syngamus trachealis, Siebold), the 
Red Worm of Gamekeepers. [Prize Essay.] Lord Walsingham. 


Mexpora (Raphael). Darwin and Modern Evolution. The Author. 


Moors (Frederic). The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Parts 6 & 7. 
The Ceylon Government. 


Natural History of Hastings and St. Leonards. E. A. Butler. 

Naturalist (The). See ‘ SocreTres (HUDDERSFIELD).” 

Nature. Nos. 684—735. The Publishers. 

Norton (Edward). Catalogue of the Tenthredinide and Uroceride of North 
America. 1867—69. E. C. Rye. 


Ormerop (Eleanor A.) Report of Observations of Injurious Insects during 
the year 1882; with Methods of Prevention and Remedy, and 


Special Report on Wireworm. The Author. 
Orveta (Domingo de), Luis Herepra, &c. La Phylloxera vastatrix en la 
Provincia de Malaga. Malaga, 1882. The Author. 


Owen (Professor). Aspects of the Body in Vertebrata and Invertebrata. 
The Author. 


Packarp (A. 8.), jun., M.D. On the Genealogy of Insects. The Author. 
Note on a Peripatus from the Isthmus of Panama. The Author. 


The Coxal Glands of Arachnida and Crustacea. The Author. 
On the Classification of the Linnean Orders of Orthoptera and - 
Neuroptera. The Author. 


PREUDHOMME DE Borre (A.) Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la 
Province de Namur. Coléoptéres- 2éme Centurie. 


The Author. 
Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province du Brabant. 
Coléoptéres. 3éme Centurie. The Author. 
Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Liége. 
Coléoptéres. 3éme Centurie. The Author. 
Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Lim- 
bourg. Coléoptéres. 2éme Centurie. The Author. 
Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Luxem- 
bourg (Belge). Coleoptéres. The Author, 


Liste des Mantides du Musée Royale d’histoire naturelle de Belgique. 
The Author. 


Purtsrys (Jules). Notice Necrologique sur J. P., par A. Preadhomme de Borre. 
The Author. 


( (xxi _) 


Riney (Charles V.) Report of the Entomologist for the Fiscal Year, 1882. 
The Author. 


General Notes on Entomology. The Author. 


SauuBerG (John). Bidrag till det Nordenfjeldske Norges Insektfauna. 1880. 
The Author. 


Sars (G. 0.) Carcinologiska Bidrag til Norges Fauna. I. Monographi over 
de ved Norges Kyster forekommende Mysider. Tredie Hefte. 
The Author. 


Scunerper (J. Sparre). Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Lepidopterfauna. 
The Author. 


Oversigt over dei Nedenaes amt bemerkede Lepidoptera. 1882. 
The Author. 


En Notits om Sélvkveiten (Trachypterus arcticus). 1882. 
The Author. 


Entomologiska Underségelser i Sondre Bergenhus Amt. 
The Author. 


ScHoyen (W. M.) Om nogle for Norges og tildels ogsaa for Skandinaviens 
Fauna nye Lepidoptera. 1881. The Author. 


Bemerkninger til H. Siebke’s Enumeratio Insectorum Norvyegicorum. 
Fasc. V., Pars. 1. (Hymenoptera Phytophaga et Aculeata), 


edidit J. Sparre Schneider. The Author. 
ScuppEr (Samuel). The Carboniferous Hexapod Insects of Great Britain. 
The Author. 


The Tertiary Lake Basin at Florissant, Colorado. The Author. 
The Pine Moth of Nantucket (Retinia frustrana). The Author. 


Older Fossil Insects of the Mississippi. The Author. 
Senys-Lonecuampes (E. de). Sur la Distribution des Insectes Odonates en 

Afrique. The Author. 

Synopsis des Hischnines. lére partie. 1883. The Author. 

Les Odonates du Japon. 1883. The Author. 

Note sur le genre Gomphomacromia, Brauer. The Author. 
Snarp (David) A Memoir on Aquatic Carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscida. 
4to. Dublin, 1883. The Royal Dublin Society. 


Sresxe (H.) Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegicorum. Fasc. V. Catalogum 
Hymenopterorum continentem. Auctore H. Siebke defuncto 
fedidit J. Sparre Schneider). The Editor. 


ania (V.) Groupe des Cydnides. Parties 7—10. The Author. 


Societies (Transactions of Learned) :— 


(ADELAIDE). Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal 
Society of Adelaide. Vols. IV. & V. 1881—82. The Society. 


(Bertin) Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 27 Jahrg. 1 & 2 Heft. 
Dr. Kraatz. 


(Boston). Memoir of the Boston Society of Natural History. Parts 4 & 5. 
The Society. 
- Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. XXI., 
Parts 2 & 3. The Society. 


Quarterly Journal of the Boston Zoological Society. Vol. IL, 
Nos. 2 & 3. The Society. 


(. wedi) 
Societies (Transactions of Learned) :— 
(Brinn). Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins in Briinn. 
XXI Band, 1& 2 Heft. 1882. The Society. 
(Brussets). Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. Tome 
XXVI. The Society. 


Mémoires de l’Académie Royal des Sciences des Lettres et des Beaux 
Arts de Belgique. T. XLIII., 2de Partie, & T. XLIV. ; 
The Academy. 


Bulletin de l’Académie Royale. 3éme Serie. T.I.—V. 1881—83. 
The Academy. 


Annuaires de l’Académie Royale. 1882—83. The Academy. 
(Buckuurst Hint). Transactions of the Essex Field Club. Vol. III, 
lee The Club. 


Papers and Memorials issued by the Essex Field Club, on the 
Protection of Wild Animals and Plants and the condition 
of Epping Forest. The Club. 


(Buenos Ayres). Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en 
Cordoba (Rep. Arg.) Tomo V. Entrega 3. The Academy. 


(Burrato). Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science. Vol. IV. 
No. 3. The Society. 


(CampripGe, Mass., U.S.A.) Annual Report of the Museum of Com- 
parative Zoology at Harvard College. 1881—82. 
The Museum. 


(Care Town). Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society. 
Vol. II., Part 3. 1880—81. The Society. 


(Davenport, Iowa, U.S.A.) Proceedings of the Davenport Academy 
of Natural Sciences. Vol. III., Parts 1&2. The Academy. 


(Geneva). Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’histoire naturelle de 


Genéve. T. XXVIII. 1eére partie. The Society. 
(Guascow). Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow. 
V., Parts 1 & 2. The Society. 
(Hacux). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 24 Deel, Aflevering 1—4 & 
26 Deel, Aflevering 1 & 2. The Society. 
(Huppersrietp). The Naturalist: Journal of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
Union. Nos. 90—101. The Union. 
(Leeps). The Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. 
Parts 4, 5 & 6. The Editor. 


(Lonpon). Proceedings of the Royal Society. Nos. 222—226. 
The Society. 


Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology). Vol. II., 


Pt. 6. The Society. 
Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology). Nos. 96— 
101. The Society. 


Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Nov. 1880 to June 
The Society. 
Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society 
of London for the year 1882. Pt. 4, and 1883, Pts. 1—3. 
The Society. 
Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Vol. II., Pt. 6; 
Vol. III., Pts. 1—5. The Society. 


( =zin ) 
Societies (Transactions of Learned) :— 


Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Society. Ser. II., Vol. I. 


Nos. 4—6. The Society. 
Catalogue of Books in the Library of the Quekett Microscopical 
Club. The Society. 
Report of the South London Entomological Society for the year 
1882. The Society. 
Fifth Annual Report of the Dulwich College Science Society for 
1882. The Society. 
(Lions). Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. Année 1882. 
T. XXIX. The Society. 
(Maprip). Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia. Tomo IL., 
Guadermo 6. 1883. The Academy. 
(Oporto). Revista da Sociedade de Instruccao do Porto. Nos. 11 & 12 
de 1882, and Nos. 1—7 de 1883. The Society. 


(Parts). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 1881 & 1882. 
The Society. 


(PertH). Proceedings of the Perthshire Society of Natural Science. 


Debus: The Society. 
(PutmapELPHis). Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 
Vols. IX. & X., No. 1. The Society. 
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 
1876—1882 & 1883, Pt. 1. The Academy. 
(Rio Janetro). Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Vol. IV. 
(Summario) & Vol. V. The Museum. 


(St. Peterspure). Hore Societatis Entomologice Rossice. T. XVI. 
The Society. 
Transactions of the Russian Entomological Society. Vols. XI. & 
The Society. 
(ScHAFFHAUSEN). Mittheilungen des Schweizerischen Entomologischen 
Gesellschaft. VI., Heft No. 7. The Society. 
(StEertin). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 44 Jahrg., 4 & 9. 
The Society. 
(SypnEy). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 
Vol. VII., Parts 3 & 4; Vol. VIII, Part 1. The Society. 
Report of the Trustees of the Australian Museum of N. S. Wales. 
The Museum. 
(Toronto). Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for 1882. 
The Society. 
General Index to the Thirteen Annual Reports of the Entomological 
Society of Ontario. 1870—1882. By Edmund Baynes Reed. 
The Society. 


Proceedings of the Canadian Institute of Toronto, being a Con- 
tinuation of the ‘‘Canadian Journal” of Science, Literature 


and History. Vol. I., Fasc. No. 3. 1882. The Editor. 
(Tovtousr). Bulletin de la Société d’histoire naturelle de Toulouse. 
15—16 années. The Society. 


(Vienna). Verhandlungen der k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft 
in Wien.—XXXII. Band. The Society. 


( =xxiv' ) 


Societies (Transactions of Learned) :— 
Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 1 Jahrg., Heft 11—12; 2 Jahrg. 


Heft 1—11. Purchased. 
(Warwick). Proceedings of the Warwickshire Field Club. 1882. 
The Club. 


(Wasuineton). Smithsonian Report. 1881 (Arthropods.) 
The Institution. 


Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Vols. 22 to 27. 
The Institution. 


(Watrorp & Hertrorp). Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural 


History Society, Vol. Il., Pts. 1—2. The Society. 
(WeuLINeToNn, N.Z.) Transactions and Proceedings of the N. Zealand 
Institute. Vols. XIV. & XV. 1881—82. The Institute. 


Wattty (Alfred). Silk-producing Bombyces reared in 1882. The Author. 


WatxeER (Rev. F. A.) L’Orient, or a Journal of my Tour in the East. 
The Author. 


WALLENGREN (H. D.J.) Ett forsék att bestiimma en del af de utaf H. Strom 


beskrifna Norska Insekter. 1880. The Author. 
WaterHouse (C. O.) and Epwin Wison. Aid to the Identification of Insects. 
Purchased. 


Westwoop (J. O.) Metabele Land and the Victoria Falls. Letters and 
Journals of the late Frank Oates. Appendix 4. Entomology. 
1882. The Author. 


Description of some New Exotic Coleoptera. 1883. The Author. 


Two new species of the Coleopterous Genus Acanthocerus described. 
The Author. 


Wuirte (F. Buchanan), M.D. Report on the Pelagic Hemiptera of the Voyage 
of H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ 4to. London,1883. The Author. 


Woop-Mason (J.) Notes on the Structure, Post-embryonic Development and 
Systematic position of Scolopendrella. 1883. The Author. 


ZootocicaL Recorp (The). Vol. XVIII. for 1881. Purchased. 
Zoouocist (The) for 1883. T. P. Newman. 


) 


THE 


TRANSACTIONS 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
LONDON 


FOR THE YEAR 1883. 


I. Descriptions of three new genera and species of fig 
insects allied to Blastophaga from Calcutta, Australia, 
and Madagascar; with notes on their parasites and 
on the affinities of the respective races. By Sir SipNEY 
S. Saunpers, C.M.G. 


[Read September 6th, 1882. | 


Puates I.—III. 


Somr time back Mr. Wood-Mason, on his return to India 
from this country, forwarded to me a small bottle con- 
taining about a dozen diminutive figs of Ficus Indica, 
which he had gathered in the Botanical Gardens at 
Calcutta on the 15th of May, accompanied by a glass 
tube wherein he had also plunged numerous minute 
insects which he had found in some of the same figs. 
Many of these figs, as he observed, had a large hole at 
the apex, made, as he conceived, by an obese grub, 
whereof specimens were also sent, one of these being 
found ‘‘in almost every receptacle.” Such apertures, 
however, are usually effected by the inmates as the 
ordinary means of egress; and the presence of these 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) B 


2 Sir §. 8. Saunders’ descriptions 


apod grubs, which could not have operated from without, 
would seem to be rather attributable to some later 
intruder haying penetrated by such orifice into the fig to 
deposit her ova. In many instances the winged species 
of the fig-insects ‘‘issued from the mouth of the recep- 
tacle in a cloud the moment they felt the pressure exerted 
in pulling off the fig,’ which explains the absence of 
some of the sexes; although others, in a less advanced 
stage of development, were arrested when in the act of 
emerging from the seed-vessels wherein they had been 
nurtured. A large number of apterous individuals of 
different species, among which some approximating to 
those fancifully designated by Walker as ‘‘a working 
class’ or “‘neuters ?,” pervaded the interior of these 
figs, many of these being more or less mutilated, and, 
as Mr. Wood-Mason remarks, ‘‘even the tips of the 
mandibles are often found bitten off.” A similar result 
has been noticed in the males of Sycophaga, which never 
quit the fig, but are found dead within before the females 
are ready to emerge from the seed-vessels, impregnation 
having apparently been effected, as in Blastophaga, while 
they are still retained within the pericarp, after which 
period the females would seem to be unapproachable by 
these blind rovers. One of these male Blastophage, 
penetrating a seed-vessel containing the female, has been 
recently figured by Prof. Westwood in our ‘ Transactions ’ 
(1882, pl. iv., fig. 31); and in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the 
Holmesdale Natural History Club of Reigate and Red 
Hill for 1880 (p. 48), presented to our Library, I have 
recorded some further observations thereon ; but in the 
Australian species, hereinafter adverted to, fecundation 
is not limited to this early period (vide diagnosin). 

The germ-feeders found in the Ficus Indica essentially 
differ from those of the European fauna, the serrate 
mandibular appendages of the female being of a more 
complex and elaborate character; the 11-serrate spatu- 
late process attached to the base of the mandibles having 
also a rigid exarticulate lobe laterally appended thereto 
and free beyond its basal attachment, extending to about 
three-fourths of the length of the former, furnished with 
seven stout elongate teeth, as shown in Plate L., figs. 
10 to 18. The antenne in this sex are also very remark- 
able, the five terminal joints being distinctly separated 
from each other, the 8th to the 11th cyathiform, sur- 
rounded by a compact mass of recumbent sete forming 


of new Fig-Insects. 3 


a coronated apex; the 8th joint is considerably larger 
than the rest, which are nearly co-equal with each other, 
and the conical 12th is nearly concealed within its over- 
lapping garniture. These large ornate joints, together 
with the small 5th, 6th, and 7th (the 5th being very 
minute) are cerulescent, the four basal joints contrasting 
therewith as pale yellow; of these the scape is elongate- 
oval, the 2nd joint longer than broad and internally 
curvate, the 8rd short and transverse, and the 4th pyro- 
jecting externally and constituting an acute elongate 
spine, the minute 5th joint being inserted at its imner 
base. (Plate I., fig. 14). 

The veining of the fore wing is also very peculiar, the 
ordinary deflexed cubitus being entirely absent on the 
disc, the post-costal vein diverging from the costa and 
terminating towards the middle of the anterior margin, 
but apart therefrom, in an elongate clava having a beak- 
shaped apex, with a hair-like prolongation traceable far 
in advance. The posterior margin of the wing is obliquely 
deflected in a straight line from the base to about the 
middle, beyond which it is delicately fimbriated to the 
apex. The disc is smooth, with a series of fine striz 
beyond its centre. The hind wing is subacuminate at 
the apex, emarginate behind at its base, with the costa 
and post-costal vein forming together a strong arcuate 
belt extending to about half the length of the basal 
curve, and having an oblique prolongation, less defined, 
up to the marginal centre where uniting with the fore 
wing by three hooklets. 

The head of the female is elongate-oval, with the 
usual longitudinal furrow above, and having a prominent 
recurvate horn at the base. (Plate I., fig. 5). The 
thorax is of the same width as the head and rather 
longer ; the fore legs are small, with the femora slightly 
distended, short curvate tibie, and long tarsi; the middle 
legs are long and slender, and the hind legs have short 
femora, broad at the base and narrow at the apex; the 
tibie are very short, narrow at the base, and broadly 
truncate at the apex; the tarsi very elongate ; all being 
five-jointed. The abdomen is about the same length and 
width as the head; the ovipositor slender and flexible, 
about twice the length of the abdomen, and its sheaths, 
when apart therefrom, are usually spirally curled. 

The apterous male has a small head, rather broader 
than long, with black subrotundate macule in the position 


4 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions 


of the eyes, small trigonate bidentate mandibles, and 
short fleshy four-jointed antenne, porrected in front ; the 
1st joint small and trigonate, recurved at the base; the 
2nd larger and subovate; the 8rd shorter, its basal 
moiety contracted and curved; and the terminal joint 
oblong, tumid and setose at the apex. It may be 
readily distinguished from all others by its elongate, 
straight, anterior femora, as long as the prothorax,. and 
closely pressed against its sides, with very diminutive 
broad crenated tibiez, compressed five-jointed tarsi, and 
stout claws. The pronotum is very large and scudiform, 
the mesonotum short and transverse, and the metanotum 
narrower and rounded behind. The middle pair of legs 
(which are very long and slender in Blastophaga) are 
rather shorter than the others, with the femora sub- 
globose, the hind tibie short and straight, and their 
tarsi, like those of the posterior pair, having five well- 
developed joints nearly equal in length, with moderate 
claws and long pulvilli. The coxe and femora of the 
hind legs are very robust; the tarsi shorter than the 
middle pair, subtrigonate, and very broad at the apex, 
obliquely truncate, and armed with several stout spines ; 
the claws rather larger than those of the imtermediate 
tarsi, and internally dilated. 

I propose to designate this very remarkable genus and 
species bythe name of Hupristina masoni, as distinguished 
from all others by the wing-veins, and by the duplex . 
character of the serrate mandibular appendages in the 
female, as well as by the peculiar structure of the fore 
legs in the male. ‘The practical application of the 
additional lobe attached to the base of the serrate 
spatule, furnished with a collateral series of long teeth, 
may seem scarcely intelligible, although the action of 
the former is sufficiently obvious while the females are 
seen working their way out of the pericarps, swaying 
their heads to and fro to effect their emancipation. When, 
however, the fig is laid open, the seed-vessels, deprived 
of their usual moisture, soon assume a pergameneous 
consistency, retaining the hapless inmates by the 
thoracical region unless fresh moisture be freely applied. 
This difficulty may not unfrequently occur in a warm 
temperature, when the lateral lobe may be available as 
an additional aid to prevent the sides of the aperture 
‘from prematurely closing, and enable the serrate process 
to operate more freely and efficaciously by such double 
action. 


of new Fig-Insects. 5 


EupRISTINA,* n. g. 


Mas apterus. Caput transverso-ovale. Oculi maculis 
subrotundis nigris indicati. Antenne breves, glabre 4- 
articulate ; articulo Imo parvo, subtrigono ; 2do triplo 
majore, basi latiore externe rotundato ; 3tio brevi, dimidio 
basali constricto, curvato ; 4to tumido, ovato, apice setis 
brevibus instructo. Mandibule subtrigone, parve, bi- 
dentate. Palpi obsoleti. Thorax gibbus, capite dimidio 
latior; pronoto magno, scudiformi; mesonoto brevi, 
transverso, lateribus rotundatis ; metanoto semicireolari. 
Pedes antici femoribus valde elongatis, rectis, lateribus 
parallelis, apice truncatis, basi constrictis, ad pro- 
notum proximis longe porrectis; coxis oblongis, latis, 
disco compressis, concavis, apice oblique auriculatis, 
acutis ; tibiis latis, brevissimis, latere crenatis, apice bi- 
lobatis; tarsis parvis, robustis, 5-articulatis, articulis 
brevissimis, arctissime conjunctis, unguibus majusculis ; 
intermedii femoribus parvis, inflatis; tibius brevibus, 
curvatis, apice dilatatis, spinosis ; tarsis elongatulis, 5- 
articulatis, articulis equalibus, tenuibus, unguibus par- 
vis ; postict majores, femoribus longioribus, crassioribus ; 
tibiis subtrigonis, apice externe uncinnatis ; tarsis medi- 
ocribus, 5-articulatis, articulis equalibus, unguibus mag- 
nis. Abdomen elongatum, segmentis basalibus quatuor 
ventricosis, reliquis tribus seepe subtus deflexis vel intus 
retractis, tubum elongatum efficientibus; genitalium 
apice haud rarius ultra caput subtus porrecto. 

Femina alata. Caput vix longius quam latum, pos- 
tice paullo latius, disco in longum fossulatum, lateribus 
prominulis, antice transverse canaliculatis. Oculi mag-, 
ni, ovales. Ocelliinconspicui. Mandibule satis magne, 
basi late, apice bidentate; spatula basali elongata, 
exarticulata, subter capite retro producta, striata, striis 
in dentibus fere 11 acutis latere interno productis ; 
cujus ad basin lobo angusto, elongato, rigido, exarticu- 
lato, proximo sed diviso, latere interno affixo, hoc 
dentibus 7 instructo; his et ills duplici serie simul 
oblique distinguendis. Clypeus marginis medio in 
angulum deflexum productus. Mentuwm profunde situm, 
basin versus processu frondiformi utrinque usque ad 
apicem producto. Labiwn elongatulum, tenue, palpis 
eracillimis. Mazille biarticulate, articulis elongatis, 


\ : A 
- mprcTns, Qui serra secat, 


6 Sir 8. 8. Saunders’ descriptions 


basali tumido, apicali tenui. Antenne capite fere duplo 
longiores, 12-articulate ; scapo magno subovali, articulo 
2do oblongo, sinuoso; 8tio brevi, transverso; 4to in 
spinam acutam externe producto; 5to minimo; 6to et 
7mo angustis, parvis; 8vo maximo, cyathiformi, setis 
densisrecumbentibus antice productis vestito ; 9n0o—11mo 
preecedenti similibus sed minoribus, comqualibus ; extimo 
setis obtecto, conico. Thorax capitis latitudine, dimidio 
longior ; pronoto scudiformi, angulis anticis rotundatis ; 

mesonoto subquadrato, metanoto angustiore, postice 
rotundato. Ale antice late, postice basi usque marginis 
mediam oblique truncate, deinde usque apicem ciliate, 
disco glabro; costa abbreviata, vena postcostali in- 
spissata, a margine late divergente, parum arcuata, 
longitudinis ale ante mediam in clavam elongatam 
acuminatam recte producta, antice margini propinque 
tenuissime prolongata ; vena deflexa cubitalis deest : al@ 
postice subacuminate, postice basi emarginate, margine 
fimbriate ; costa cum vena postcostali coalitis arcuatis, 
basi validis ; hee marginis medio setis brevibus tribus 
deflexis apice instructa. Pedes, tarsis omnibus 5-articu- 
latis, pulvillis valde productis ; antici parvi, coxis sub- 
ovalibus, temoribus superne arcuatis, subtus rectis; 
tibiis brevibus, curvatis, apice dilatatis, spinosis ; tarsis 
longioribus, articulis subeequalibus, unguibus majusculis, 
tenuibus ; intermedii longi, tenui, coxis transverse dila- 
tatis; femoribus brevibus, parum inflatis, basi con- 
strictis; tibiis elongatis, subrectis, basi tenuioribus, 
apice angulo interno in spinam tenuem producto ; tarsis 
elongatulis, articulo basali paulo longiore, unguibus 
parvis, gracilibus; postici coxis magnis, femoribus 
brevibus, basi valde dilatatis ; tibiis robustis, brevioribus, 
basi tenuibus, apice recte truncatis, angulo interno 
uncinnatis ; tarsis valde elongatis, articulo basali cur- 
vato, longiore, reliquis subzqualibus, unguibus majus- 
culis, interne dilatatis. Abdomen ovale, thorace brevius ; 
oviductu gracillimo, flexili, abdomine duplo longiore, 
vyaginis tenuissimis sepe in spiram flexis. 


Eupristina masont, Nn. 8. 


Mas testaceus, antennis pallide flavis, pronoti disco 
vitta ovali circumsignato, abdomine albido. Femina 
capite (basi excepto) pedibusque pallide flavis ; antennis 
articulis 4or basalibus (nonnullis d5toque) flavis, reliquis 


of new Fig-Insects. 4 


cerulescentibus ; capitis basi thoraceque viridibus ; alis 
hyalinis, glabris, costa basi picea, vena postcostali lutea ; 
abdomine nitido, piceo, basi plus minusyve testaceo. Long. 
corp.—mas, 14 mm.; femina, 13 mm. Exp. alar. 
24+ mm. 

Hab. In grossis Ficus Indice e germinibus Maize 
Idus exeuntes horto botanico Caleutte. Dom. J. Wood- 
Mason cum ficubus ipsis amicissime communiecavit. 

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz, et nostro. 


Note.-—The measurements in the males of this and 
the two following species are exclusive of the retractile 
abdominal segments after the 4th. The relative length 
of the ovipositor in the females is computed from the 
apex of the abdomen, exclusive of its subjacent and 
more or less internally concealed basal portion. 


I have also recently received from New South Wales 
both sexes of another remarkable species allied to 
Blastophaga, the ovipositor, however, being as long as the 
abdomen, and the mandibles of the female, together 
with their serrate appendages, being furnished with 
about thirty sharp teeth, forming one continuous saw 
from end to end, thus constituting a most effective im- 
plement, whose structure may favourably compare with 
any in use at the present day; the faleate mandible 
representing the ordinary curvate handle, and the four 
following teeth appertaining to the broad base of the 
saw, the residue (twenty-six) being on the inner margin of 
the transverse strie of the appendage. (Plate II., fig. 25). 

The antenne of the female are also peculiar. The 
scape is distended and suboval; the 2nd joint short and 
as broad as long, the 8rd joint forming the usual spinose 
projection, though short and subtrigonate; the 4th is 
longer than broad, but small; the two following joints 
are compressed and longitudinally striated, equal in 
size, with the sides parallel, and truncate at the base 
and apex; the 7th and 8th are shorter and somewhat 
eyathiform ; the last three (9th to 11th) forming an 
elongate fusiform clava. 

The head is very large, much compressed, twice as long 
as broad, the sides parallel and rounded at the base, 
with a very short terminal horn. The thorax is about 
the same length as the head; the prothorax narrow in 
front and subtrigonate, the apex being attached below 


8 Sir S. S. Saunders’ descriptions 


the base of the former, which is frequently deflected at 
right angles therewith ; the mesothorax and metuthorax 
are gibbous and as wide as the head. The fore wings 
have the cubital vein projected almost at aright angle on 
the disc, having a wedge-shaped clava pointing towards 
the outer margin, the disc being clothed with short 
recumbent sete, and the margin fimbriated around. 
The hind wings have the costa and post-costal vein 
robust at the base and strongly arcuate, with a slight 
prolongation to a central marginal tubercle bearing two 
or three hooklets, the margin being fimbriated all 
round. The anterior and posterior legs are shorter than 
the intermediate pair, which are slender and elongate ; 
the femora and tibie of the former are curvate, and 
those of the latter more robust, all the tarsi being elon- 
gate. The ovipositor is slender and curvate, slightly 
exceeding the length of the abdomen. 

The apterous male has a small rotundate fuscous head, 
contrasting with the thorax, abdomen, and legs, which 
are fleshy white. It has seven-jointed antenne projecting 
in front, and turned laterally after the 3rd joint. The 
basal joint is small and oblong, the 2nd large and sub- 
ovate, the 8rd as long as the three following, which 
are small and compact, and the terminal joint is tumid 
and subglobose. (Plate II., fig. 20). 

The foregoing characters will readily serve to discrimi- 
nate this new genus and species, for which I propose the 
name of Pleistodontes imperialis, in allusion to the multi- 
serrate mandibular appendages of the female. 


PLEISTODONTES, 0. g. 


Mas apterus. Corpus angustum, elongatum, molle. 
Caput parvum, subsphericum, antice truncatum. Oculi 
parvi, rotundi. Clypeus pone antennas in longum 
canaliculatus, spina intermedia elongata, acuta, basi 
antice porrecta. (Tab. II., fig. 21). Mandibule parve, 
subfaleate, apice bidentate ; processibus duobus brevi- 
bus, apice transverse dilatatis, conjunctis, inter mandi- 
bulas porrectis. (Tab. II., fig. 22). Antenne elongate, 
clabre, 7-articulate ; articulo 1mo parvo, oblongo, apice 
latiore; 2do maegno, basi rotundato, apice truncato, 
longitudine latitudinem dimidio excedente; 8tio elon- 
cato, curvato, tribus sequentibus semel longiore; his 
brevibus, transversis, arcte conjunctis; extimo (7mo) 


of new Fig-Insects. 9 


tumido, magno, apice setis brevibus instructo. Thorax 
capite dimidio longior, antice capitis latitudine ; pronoto 
elongato, postice vix latiore, truncato, lateribus rectis ; 
mesonoto brevi, transverso ; metanoto longiore, postice 
rotundato. Pedes antici robusti, coxis subquadratis, 
angulis rotundatis ; femoribus basi valde dilatatis, apice 
sensim angustioribus ; tibiis brevibus, curvatis, 5-articu- 
latis, articulis compressis; unguibus validis. Pedes 
intermedii graciliores, coxis parvis, transversis ; femori- 
bus oblongis ; tibiis elongatis, basi angustis, apice sensim 
sed parum dilatatis, inermibus ; tarsis elongatis, 5-articu- 
latis, articulis cozequalibus ; unguibus elongatis, parum 
incurvis; pedes postici, coxis magnis, subrotundis ; 
femoribus ovatis ; tibiis brevibus, basi constrictis, apice 
latis, truncatis, angulo interno biuncinnatis; tarsis 
robustioribus, 5-articulatis ; unguibus validis, pulvillis 
dilatatis. Abdomen elongatum, segmentis basalibus 
paullo inflatis, reliquis sensim angustioribus, infra 
recurvis. 

Femina alata. Caput maximum, elongatum, com- 
pressum, lateribus subparallelis, postice rotundatum, 
angulis anticis prominulis, disco in longum canali- 
culato. Oculi ovales, prominuli, basi propinque siti. 
Mandibule majuscule, basi subquadrate, transverse 
striate, apice falcate, acute, latere interno basi 4- 
serrate, appendice basali longissima, multiserrata, trans- 
verse striata, dentibus fere 26 margine interno instructa. 
Ocelli invisi. Antenne 11-articulate, clavate, capite 
paullo longiores, prope marginem anticum fossule in- 
serte ; scapo elongato, subovali, basi apiceque attenuato ; 
articulo 2do brevi, lateribus rotundatis, 3tio in spinam 
subtrigonam externe producto; 4to parvo, elongato; 
reliquis majoribus, in longum rugose striatis ; 5to et 6to 
compressis, lateribus subparallelis, basi apiceque trun- 
catis ; 7mo et 8vo brevioribus, sensim latioribus ; ultimis 
tribus (scilicet 9no—11mo) clavam fusiformem constitu- 
entibus. Thorax elongatus, capitis latitudine, lateribus 
subrectis ; pronoto parvo, antice truncato, angulis pos- 
tice productis ; mesonoto brevi, transverso ; metanoto 
longiori, postice rotundato. Ale antice late, vena post- 
costali basi cum costa coalita, postea in disco arcuata, 
apice ad marginem conjuncta ; vena cubitali in rectan- 
gulum breviter deflexa, apice clava subtrigona acuta 
latere externo producta: postice anguste, elongate, basi 
constricte, vena postcostali, cum costa breviter coalita, 


10 Sir S. S. Saunders’ descriptions 


valida, arcuata, apice, marginis mediam versus, 
setis duabus tribusve brevibus, in angulum deflexis, in- 
structa ; alarum ambarum disco setis brevibus sparsim 
induto, marginibus gracillime fimbriatis. Pedes tarsis 
omnibus 5-articulatis ; antici, coxis parvis, subquadratis ; 
femoribus brevibus inflatis; tibiis elongatis, robustis, 
basi apiceque constrictis, imermibus ; tarsis ungul- 
busque parvis ; pedes inter medii longi, coxis parvis, trans- 
versis ; femoribus parum inflatis ; tibiis, tarsisque, elon- 
gatis, gracillimis, unguibus subrectis : peces postici breves, 
coxis subquadratis ; femoribus robustis apice constrictis ; 
tibiis brevissimis, subtrigonis, apice latis, truncatis, 
spina acuta elongata angulo interno armatis ; tarsis 
robustioribus, articulo basali longiore, curvato ; ungui- 
bus parvis, pulvillis dilatatis. Abdomen elongatum, basi 
thoracis latitudine, apice sensim attenuatum ; oviductu 
eracili, curvato, abdominis fere longitudine. 


Pleistodontes imperialis, n. 8. 


Mas capite saturate fusco; antennis, thorace, pedi- 
busque pallide stramineis ; abdomine albido. Famina 
omnino nigra, alis cineriis. Long. corp.—mas, 14mm. ; 
femina, 12mm. Exp. alar. 3 mm. 


Hab. Australasia, Ficus macrophylle grossis, Ficus 
Australis quoque; ab his mense Junio, illisve mense 
Februario, emergentes. Mares cum feminis copula 
conjunctos in ficus pulpa liberos bis inveni. 

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie, et nostro. 


The species of Ficus from which these germ-feeders 
were obtained is described as having a long dark shining 
leaf, like that of the laurel, commonly known locally as 
the Moreton Bay fig-tree, growing wild in the mountainous 
regions, but introduced as an ornamental tree in gardens 
at Sydney. The insects were ready to emerge early in 
February, when, on opening some of these figs, many of 
their inmates flew out. Numerous specimens of a black 
species of Jdarnes (all females) with a tubiform pro- 
longation of the abdomen, allied to J. transiens, WIk., 
were also found therewith, together with other parasitic 
TAaces. 

Those appertaining to this category, which were 
obtained from the figs of Ficus Indica, will be described 
by Professor Westwood in treating of Walker’s types of 


of new Fig-Insects. bt 


like origin. Some of the apterous species are furnished 
with rudimentary alary appendages, consisting of a long 
filamentary multiarticulate process emanating from the 
mesonotum on either side, and coiling about among the 
legs. These, as well as a large-headed species having 
rudimentary wings of a different character, were in some 
few instances extracted from closed pericarps, distended, 
in the latter case, to larger dimensions, where they were 
doubtless parasitic on the original occupants of these 
abodes; the co-existence of a well-defined germ-feeding 
community having now been detected, which must have 
already quitted the figs of the same species of Ficus 
from which Walker’s specimens were obtained. Hence 
it follows that whensoever the primary inmates of these 
seed-vessels have been duly determined by structural 
affinities, all divergent races found in those recesses 
must be regarded, primd facie, unless otherwise authenti- 
cated, as hostile intruders which have only obtained such 
a habitaculum for their offspring when rendered avail- 
able by the agency of their victims, in whose bodies 
oviposition has been effected while yet immature and 
incarcerated within. Casual visitants, which deposit 
their ova in the pulp after the phytophagous brood has 
effected its exit, are readily recognisable by their larval 
progeny, as in the case of the aforesaid obese grubs, the 
larvee of Oscinis, and others. 

It may here be observed that the heterogeneous associa- 
tion of predaceous and non-predaceous races among 
Walker’s so-called Agaonide involves a palpable para- 
dox, their severance being enjoined by due regard to 
their respective habits. Thus his fig species of [darnes, 
no less than his supposed ‘‘ neuters?” of Sycobia, and 
even his type of the latter,—a winged male, as Professor 
Westwood has lately determined,—now found conco- 
mitant with the germ-feeding brood of Hupristina, can 
have no tribal affinity with Agaon, whose natural alliance 
with Blastophaga was first pointed out by the latter, 
many years back, in our ‘ Transactions’ (vol. 1i., p. 223), 
the serrate mandibular appendages in both amply testify- 
ing to this effect. It would thus seem befitting to dis- 
integrate this phytophagous group as a distinct sub- 
family of fig-insects proper, excluding therefrom all pre- 
sumably parasitic types; the former being defined as 
Sycophagides, comprising two sectional divisions—the 
Prionastomata and the Aploastomata—founded upon their 


12 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions 


respective mouth-parts ; and the latter as Sycocolacides, 
unless appertaining to other sectional groups. 

But this primary severance of the respective races 
would obviously seem to point to the incongruous posi- 
tion occupied of late by the Sycophagides among the 
entomophagous Chalcidide, and, as a necessary corollary, 
to prescribe their transfer to a more congenial sphere, 
by restoring them, as heretofore, to the vegetable-feeding 
Cympide, where their alliance is more naturally indi- 
cated. Exceptional instances have indeed been cited of 
the latter being abnormally addicted to parasitism ; while, 
on the other hand, some of the Hurytomides are alleged 
to diverge from the well-known zoophagous propensities 
of their race, and to be not only plant-feeders, but also 
gall-producers, though many distinguished writers have 
hesitated to accept such an anomalous conclusion, which 
others have confidently expounded as the result of dili- 
gent investigation ; but, be this as it may, the charac- 
teristic habits of these germ-devouring fig-insects—for 
whom all need of gall-protection is superseded by the 
nature of their domicile—assimilate them to cognate 
phytophagous communities, in accordance with the posi- 
tion previously assigned them, while militating against 
any confraternity with a hostile race having no kindred 
bonds of fellowship to constitute a family alliance there- 
with. 

The economy of Agaon, whose structural characters had 
long proved so embarrassing, was utterly unknown when 
Latreille, at a venture, placed this genus next to Hurytoma 
in Cuyvier’s ‘ Animal Kingdom’; while its near allies, the 
Blastophage, are simultaneously adverted to, as a species 
employed in caprification, under the heading of Cynips, 
Linn.; and it would seem difficult to comprehend the 
rejection of their acquired title as such, when other far 
more aberrant instances present themselves of actual 
parasitism exceptionally witnessed among non-gallicolists 
(such as some species of Figites, Allotria, &c.) which are 
nevertheless tolerated in the same ranks with the Cym- 
pide as co-heirs to their titular domain. 

It appears, however, to have been assumed ad priori as 
an axiom—when little was known upon the subject 
beyond the revelations of certain writers more or less 
antiquated—that all these fig-denizens were fruit-feeders ; 
but subsequently, when other species were found com- 
mingled therewith—such as those brought from Madras 


of new Fig-Insects. 13 


by Sir Walter Elliot and now in the British Museum— 
some difficulty was experienced as to discriminating 
between friend and foe; and thus, partly from this 
circumstance, partly also in consequence of certain 
fortuitous complications to which I shall presently ad- 
vert, but mainly perhaps from the paucity of available 
materials, the subject has remained, as it were, in abey- 
ance for a considerable period, during which the oppor- 
tunities for prosecuting researches in a wider field were 
unaccountably neglected, as recently testified by Dr. 
Paul Meyer’s elaborate Treatise on Fig-insects (‘ Zur 
Naturgeschichte der Feigeninsecten,’ Mitth. d. Zool. 
Station z. Neapel, Bd. iii., Heft 4, 1882), citing a long 
list of various species of Ficus which have afforded 
evidence of the presence of such inmates; and, in fact, 
it must be incontestably evident that their name is 
legion, and their species a multiple of those hitherto 
recorded, disseminated under divers controlling influences 
through the lapse of ages, and bursting upon us as 
startling phenomena from time to time. 

When, moreover, we consider the life-history of these 
diminutive races,—diversified in astounding variety in 
some of their most remarkable structural characters, 
while themselves attaining their maximum development 
within the seed-vessels of a dwarf-fig not exceeding, in 
many instances, half an inch in diameter, and consti- 
tuting a little world of its own, which many of its 
inmates, blind from their birth, are destined never to 
quit, living in perpetual obscurity within this secluded 
domicile where organs of vision would be of no avail, 
but exercising their appointed functions in obedience to 
a common law regulating the just proportions of each 
race,—a tale of wonderment is told by these pigmy 
prodigies which affords a striking illustration of that 
dictum which our French entomological brethren have 
adopted as their motto, ‘‘ Natura maxime miranda in 
minimis!” 

In explanation of the fortuitous circumstances afore- 
said, | must needs recite the several gradations whereby, 
almost imperceptibly, step by step, and without any 
deliberate intention, this federal dependency of the 
Cynipide, whilom unchallenged as such, became in- 
cidentally transferred to a hostile tribe, whose title— 
illegitimately acquired, as shown in the sequel—it be- 
hoves us to scrutinise, as the first step towards restoring 
this exiled community to its rightful inheritance. 


14 Sir 8. 8S. Saunders’ descriptions 


When Gravenhorst drew attention thereto by his able 
** Disquisitio de Cynipe Psene auctorum,” &c. (‘ Beitrage 
zur Entomologie,’ 1 Heft, Breslau, 1829, p. 27), no 
other divergent types had been recorded in connection 
therewith ; but, while adverting to the non-existence in 
his Blastophaga of a spiral ovipositor, such as Linneus 
ascribed to the Cynipide, he nevertheless avows that 
Latreille refers the Cynips psenes to that family, and that 
Blastophaga must doubtless be comprised therewith, 
discarding the idea of any aftinity between the latter and 
the Chalcidide, as defined by Jurine, and stating that 
his species differed from any of the latter which he had 
seen, ‘‘ capite ovato-orbiculato et vite ratione”’ (loc. cit., 
p- 32). 

Some years after (1837) Professor Westwood, in his in- 
teresting memoir on “‘ Caprification, &c.’’—when discuss- 
ing the merits of Dalman’s alternative suggestion of a 
seeming analogy in his Agaon with the Pteromali and the 
Codrint (Chalcidide and Proctotrupide), but especially 
with the former—expressed his opinion ‘‘ that the curious 
little groups above described are certainly referable to 
the Chalcidide rather than to the Proctotrupide”’; add- 
ing that ‘‘from all these insects, however, they are at 
once removed by their frwit-feeding habits, as well as by 
various anomalous portions of their structure, so that 
I hesitate to name any particular group in that family 
to which they ought to be considered as most nearly 
allied” (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., vol. ii., p. 223). 

Subsequently Dr. Coquerel discovered certain strange- 
looking fig-insects in the Island of Bourbon, which he 
characterised as abnormal parasites, regarding them as 
‘les femelles apteres et aveugles de quelque male ailé et 
inconnu”’ (Réy. et Mag. de Zool., 2e série, Tome vii., 
1855), these being the now recognised males of winged 
females, their legitimate partners having been maligned 
as ‘‘ Chalcidites qui selon toute apparence s’étaient 
déeveloppes a leurs dépens! ” 

Thus, under the influence of such mistaken identity, 
a delusive character clung to both sexes of the genuine 
phytophagous brood; so that Walker, when describing Sir 
Walter Elliot’s specimens from the Ficus Indica (‘ Notes 
on Chalcidiew,’ 1871), consigned them all to his parasitic 
races, together with Blastophaga and Sycophaga, as alike 
‘‘ cradled in figs ’’—a principle which would not apply to 
all the inmates of galls—branding ,his calumniated 


of new Fig-Insects. 15 


Agaonide with a felonious impress by placing Coquerel’s 
figures of his ‘‘étranges parasites” as emblems and 
types of the whole, and superadding a tissue of romance 
on their fabulous affinities. 

More recently Professor Westwood, while censuring 
Walker’s peccadilloes, has reiterated his own pre- 
dilections in favour of such an alliance, though 
obviously treating them in the aggregate as one joint- 
stock company, without contemplating the possibility 
and propriety of a dissolution of partnership between 
them ; for, as he has elsewhere remarked, in speaking 
of the Cynipide, ‘‘it had always appeared to me con- 
trary to nature that a tribe of vegetable-feeders should be 
arranged in the midst of parasites’ (Mod. Class., vol. ii., 
p. 1382); nor can it be conceivable that the essentials of 
structural qualifications should be fashioned in the same 
guise as equally adapted for germ-feeders and their 
antagonists. A specious superticial resemblance may, 
indeed, sometimes obtain between the aggressor and its 
victim ; or, in cases of commensal fellowship, such as that 
of Bombus and Psithyrus (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, 
p- 807), both being vegetable-feeders, fraternising in the 
common banquet provided by the former ; but in selecting 
Callimome, of parasitic habits, as the standard of com- 
parison in this instance, there would be no raison d’étre 
for such a similitude, no species of this genus having 
yet been found in these fig-abodes. 

Nevertheless, Coquerel’s figure of his supposed Chaleis 
(op. cit., pl. x., fig. 4), or that of Sycophaga by Professor 
Westwood in our ‘'l'ransactions’ (1882, pl. i1., fig. 2), 
are cited as offering convincing evidence ‘that the fig 
species are most nearly related to Callimome”’ ; while it 
is averred that ‘‘the structure of the antenne (even to 
the minute articulations following the 2nd joint), the 
fusion of the three terminal joints of these organs, the 
structure of the wings and wing-veins, and the long ex- 
serted straight ovipositor, sufficiently prove that these 
insects must be placed in the great tamily Chalcidide”’ 
(ibid, p. 50). 

But, in propounding such a comparison between these 
parasitic and non-parasitic races, the application of the 
aforesaid tests to the germ-feeders collectively, or to 
their two selected representatives respectively, is by no 
‘means obvious, especially as regards the character 
ascribed to the ovipositor ; for, although a newly-deve- 


16 Sir 8. 8. Saunders’ descriptions 


loped example of Sycophaga has been observed to expand 
this organ to its fullest extent in order to acquire a 
proper consistency, after being encircled and cramped 
within the small dimensions of the pericarp (loc. cit., 
1882, pl. ii.), yet it always retains, as in other instances, 
a curvate tendency in the sequel. Thus in the original 
description of the genus (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. vol. i1., 
p- 822), we read :—‘“‘ Oviductus trisetosus, setis equalibus, 
abdoninis duplo longioribus, et valde incurvatis,” as repre- 
sented (¢bid) in pl. xx., fig, 5k. 

Taking, however, these tests seriatim (1) the minute 
articulations delineated by Professor Westwood in the 
antenne of the female Sycophaga (Trans. Ent. Soe. 
Lond., 1882, pl. ii., fig. 6), scarcely correspond with any 
in the same sex of Callimome; nor do they occur in 
Blastophaga (ibid, pl. v., fig. 51), whose antenne, more- 
over, have the 4th joint produced into a long projecting 
spine, thus differing vastly from those of Callimome. 
The small annuli in the antenne of the Hurytomides, as 
figured by-Curtis in Decatoma (Brit. Entom., pl. 345) are 
also witnessed among some of the fig-insects belonging 
to the parasitic races, but these differ essentially from 
the aforesaid articulations in the antenne of Sycophaga ; 
and the presence of such annuli in the alleged vegetable- 
feeding species of the former would seem to attest their 
ancestral ‘‘ Unity of Habits’’ with others of the same 
group, however much their appetites may have become 
chastened by some mysterious dispensation. So also in 
Dr. Paul Meyer’s figure (from Cavolini)* of the supposed 
female of ‘‘ Ichnewmon jficarius”’ (loc. cit., p. 564, pl. xxv., 
fig. 5, and pl. xxvi., fig. 13); the male, however, being 
evidently a Sycoscapter, generically distinct from such 
female, which has a long ovipositor with a tubiform 
base, as described by Walker in Idarnes transiens (Idar- 
nella, Westw.). 

(2). As regards the fusion of the three terminal joints 
of the antenne, this is not a reliable character through- 
out the germ-feeders, for it does not exist in Hupristina 
(Pl. I., fig. 14), nor in the Madagascar species (Pl. III., 
figs. 89, 40), both of which have these terminal joints dis- 
tinctly separated from each other. So likewise in Agaon, 


* Frnippo Cavouini. ‘‘ Memoria per servire alla storia compiuta 
del fico e della proficazione.”’ Opuscoli scelti sulle scienze e sulle 
arti; Tome v., Milano, 1782. (Dr. P. Meyer, l. c., p. 579). 


of new Fig-Insects. at 


as adverted to by Professor Westwood in his memoir on 
‘* Caprification,” &c. (l.¢., vol. u1., p. 223), the “‘antenns 
are terminated by three very large and distinct joints.” 

(3). The wing-veins also differ inter se in the germ- 
feeders, nor does Callimome coincide with Eupristina in 
this respect (Pl. I., fig. 4) ; while, irrespective of their 
phytophagous habits, these germ-feeders, in common 
with their aforesaid representatives, are separated from 
Callimome by other alary incongruities, such as the in- 
variable absence of wings in the males. 

(4). Furthermore, the long straight ovipositor is not a 
distinguishing characteristic of these phytivorous broods, 
this organ being remarkably short in Blastophaga, as 
well as in the Madagascar species (PI. III., fig. 46) ; and 
in all matured examples it maintains the arcuate con- 
dition imparted by its original position within the seed- 
vessel as aforesaid, whether long or short. That this 
organ should be exserted is doubtless essential to the 
requirements of the race in their mode of oviposition, 
having, moreover, in some instances, if not in all, to 
penetrate within the young figs for this purpose, as 
testified of Sycophaga in our ‘Transactions’ (1878, 
p- 317), for which purpose a more bulky abdomen, like 
that of an ordinary Cynips, would be ill-adapted, 
although Latreille surmises that the ova of Blastophaga 
(Cynips Psenes, Linn.) are deposited in the pollen at an 
earlier stage (Cuv., Anim. Kingd., Genus Cynips).* Such 
modified appliances, however, are constantly witnessed, 
‘and constitute connecting links between allied races, 
which may be no less recognised in this instance. Thus, 
in his incomparable standard work, the ‘ Modern Classi- 
fication of Insects’ (vol. i1., p. 117), Professor Westwood 
explains ‘‘ that the borer of the Urocerus is but the saw 
of the T'enthredo, modified to fit it for its functions,” the 
analogy between their structural details and the re- 
spective advantages derivable therefrom being also fully 
discussed. The same remarks apply equally to this im- 
plement in Xiphydria (ibid, p. 121). In Oryssus its 

* Count Solms-Laubach, by his recent researches at Naples, has 
ascertained that the female Blastophage, like those of Sycophaga, 
penetrate into the wild figs for the purpose of depositing their 
eggs. He frequently found a mass of their wings adhering thereto 
where many had effected their entrance together, and they sub- 
sequently die within. (‘‘Die Herkunft, Domestication, und Ver- 


breitung des gewdhnlichen Feigenbaum; Von H. Graf zu Solms- 
Laubach.” Gottingen, 1882). 


TRANS, ENT, Soc, 1888,—PART I, (MARCH.) c 


18 Sir §. 8. Saunders’ descriptions 


structure is still more anomalous, this genus being con- 
sidered by Dahlbom as constituting the “‘ connecting 
link’ between the ‘ gall-flies” and the ‘“‘ saw-flies” 
(tbid, p. 124), where the phytophagous fig-species may 
not inappropriately intervene as a primary group of the 
Cynipide. The inferences to be deduced from such 
modifications, where corresponding habits disclose asso- 
ciating links, are well exemplified in the reasons adduced 
by Professor Westwood for the transfer of the Uroceride 
from the position assigned to them by St. Fargeau; his 
nomenclature and arrangement being repudiated ‘‘ be- 
cause neither appear to have a foundation in nature, the 
precise construction of the ovipositor in his different. 
groups not having been correctly ascertained, whilst we 
have already seen that there are no grounds for the in- 
sertion of the Uroceride amongst the parasitic insects” (ibid, 
p- 123). Thus modifications in structure, implying 
corresponding differences in economy, must not be held 
to supersede all considerations reposing on physiological 
facts. In like manner the ovipositor in these germ- 
consumers was well known to Linneus when he described 
his Cynips Psenes as ‘‘ aculeo exserto, sed debili, laxo, ut — 
vix videatur Cynips esse’’; yet he had no scruple to 
associate this and Hasselquist’s other fig-species with the 
Cynipide. Moreover, as compared with Callimome 
(Curtis, loc. cit., pl. 552), the organisation of the terebra 
in these fig-devotees of the germ-feeding race is essen- 
‘tially different, as emanating from a depressed valve at 
the base of the 5th segment, thus described by Graven- 
horst in Blastophaga: ‘‘ Terebra setiformi, vaginis gract- 
liore, situ certo, cwm nenupe infra ventrem reclinatur, e val- 
vula ad basin segmenti quintt porrecta’’ (loc. cit., p. 29). 
This valve is shown in my figures 15, 29, and 46. 

In fact we are confronted with anomalous ovipositors 
in all the intervening links between the Tenthredinide 
and the Cynipide; but, in these germ-nurtured fig- 
voluptuaries, such modifications are not unfrequently 
emphasised to a remarkable extent in their buccal organs, 
by those peculiar serrate processes, of marvellous devices, 
which many of them exhibit as mandibular appendages, 
having no parallel elsewhere ; while, from their inherited 
instincts, the same ruling must apply to them as to the 
Uroceride—that there are no grounds for the insertion of 
these vegetarians amongst the parasitic insects. Never- 
theless, in comprising the Cynipide among the “ Ento- 
mophaga,’”’ the same exemption from unnatural associates 


of new Fig-I nsects. 19 


was not extended to them ; while admitting that ‘‘if we 
employ terms founded upon the habits of the different 
families’ (as in this instance) ‘“‘ we must introduce the 
gall-flies amongst the plant-feeders (Phytiphaga) ’’—(Mod. 
Class. ii., p. 124). 

With reference to the dentate genital claspers adverted 
to “as a further illustration of the relationship between 
some of the fig-insects and other well-known parasitic 
Chaleidide”’ (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, pp. 325, 326), 
I would observe that this character can have no appli- 
cation to tribal distinctions, inasmuch as its presence alike 
in the germ-feeding Sycophaga and in several of its para- 
sitic associates, having no kindred connections therewith, 
must serve to discountenance any such inference; while 
the absence of similar retinacula in the corresponding sex 
of Callimome does not enhance its claim to be regarded as 
allied to Sycophaga. This, however, is a character which 
has been very little studied hitherto, and may be found to 
have a wider application, irrespective of family associa- 
tions.. 

Hence it follows that, whether looking to structural 
endowments or correlative propensities, these fig-dwellers 
of the phytophagous broods are in nowise disqualified 
for their ancestral status by the results of such an 
ordeal, any more than by their adopted habitat, for, as 
Hasselquist observes, ‘‘ Galle locum obtinet heic ficus”’ ; 
the severance of the respective races being readily effected 
by the light of analogy; or if, indeed, the results thus 
obtained should in any instance prove fallacious, the 
remedy is obvious, such liability, however, being of 
minor import than the inconsistency involved in the 
promiscuous intermingling of alien races consequent 
upon an innovation of the last decade, founded on mis- 
conception, and irreconcilable with probationary tests. 

In reverting, therefore, to their time-honoured kinship, 
the Cynipide would be divisible into three subfamilies, (1) 
the Sycophagides, (2) the Cecidophagides, and (8) the 
Heterophagides, or aphidivorous Cynipide,* constituting, 
as long since suggested by Prof. Westwood (Mod. Class. 
ii., p. 124), ‘the connecting link ’”’ with the aphidivorous 
Bracondes ; the hitherto known fig-feeders being tabu- 
lated as follows :— 


* The tendency of such heteroclites to revert to their ancestral 
habits is well exemplified in the instance cited by Dr. Harris, and 
referred to by Prof. Westwood in his ‘Memoir’ on the ‘“ Huryto- 
mides” (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 811), when ‘some of 
these insects that came from a straw-bed, and were shown to Dr. 


20. Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions 


CYNIPIDA, Westw. 
SYCOPHAGIDES. 
Division 1. Prionastomata. 

Buastopuaca, Grav. (Cynips, Hasselq:, Linn., Fab., Latr.). 

Sp. 1. B. ficus, Hasselq.; C. psenes, Linn.; B. syco- 

mori, Westw. 

Sp. 2. B. carice, Hasselq. ; C. psenes, Linn. 

Sp. 8. B. grossorum, Grav. 
Aaaon, Dalman. 

Sp. 1. A. paradoxum, Dalm. 


Sycocrypra, Coquerel. 
Sp. 1. S. ceca, Coq. 


KUPRISTINA, 0. g. 
Sp. 1. H. masoni, n. s. 


PLEISTODONTES, 0. g. 
Sp. 1. P. imperialis, n. s. 


KRADIBIA, 0. g. 
Sp. 1. K. cowani, n. s. 


Division 2. Aploastomata. 
SycopHaca, Westw. Gonibe Hasselq., Linn., Fab.). 


Sp. 1. S. sycomori, Linn.; C. cycomori, Hasselq. 
S. crassipes, Westw. 


Apocrypta, Coquerel. (Sycophaga, Westw.). 


Sp. 1. A. paradoxa, Coq. 
Sp. 2. A. perplexa, Coq. 


KRADIBIA COWANI. 


This new genus and species has been obtained from 
some small figs brought to this country from Madagascar 
by the Rey. W. Deans Cowan, who states that they were 
found in the Forest of Fianarantsoa, in the south- 
central district of -the island, about four miles from 
Antananarivo, the capital. Mr. Cowan explains that, so 
far as he can recollect, ‘“‘the tree was very high, about 
nine inches in diameter, and the fruit of a strawberry- 
red colour, attached to the trunk at nearly the whole 


H., had proved very troublesome to children sleeping on the bed, 
their bites or stings being followed by considerable irritation, which 
lasted several days ; so numerous were the insects that it was found 
necessary to empty the bed-tick and burn the straw.” 


of new Fig-Insects. 21 


height of the tree below the branches, and found in 
clusters of four and five together.” 

On inspecting these figs after their arrival it was 
evident that a portion of the inmates had already effected 
their egress, though some of the females had died when 
in the act of emerging from the seed-vessels, several of 
the apterous males, together with a few of their winged 
partners, still adhering to the glutinous orifice of the 
passage whereby others of the brood had escaped, this 
being the first instance on record in which any of the 
former have been known to quit the fig. Both sexes are 
smaller than the European Blastophage ; the males have 
an obcordate head, with short six-jointed antenne pro- 
jecting from the clypeus; their broad trigonate mandibles, 
bidentate at the apex, forming, when closed, a transverse 
prominent line in front, and their eyes conglomerate 
within black triangular macule (as seen in balsam slides). 
The males are remarkable as having only four developed 
legs, the middle pair being obsolete. Traces thereof have, 
however, been detected under the microscope, in a very 
rudimentary form, not otherwise perceptible, in some 
transparent specimens mounted in balsam, consisting of 
two biarticulate appendages, of minute dimensions, which 
may be detached in dissected specimens, and which are 
shown in their natural position, affixed to the posterior 
margin of the mesosternum, in Plate III., fig. 47. When 
viewed laterally, as in fig. 82, these quadrupedal males, 
standing on their short robust legs, with projecting head, 
are somewhat suggestive of a miniature pachyderm—si 
parva leet componere magnis. 

The pronotum is very large, rounded in front and 
deeply emarginate at the base, with long projecting 
angles directed backwards; the mesonotum is semi- 
circular and broadly truncate behind ; the metanotum 
is longer than wide, narrower and truncate behind, 
with -the sides rounded. The legs have their femora 
much distended ; those of the first pair are longer and 
broader than those of the hind legs; the tibiae of the 
first are very short, and as wide as long, terminating in 
two incurvate spines forming a large crescent; their 
tarsi are biarticulate and robust, with large prominent 
claws; the hind tibie are longer than the fore tibie, 
narrow at the base and truncate at the apex, with two 
short spurs at each angle and three or four sharp teeth 
near the apex on the outer margin; their tarsi are 5- 


22 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions 


articulate, the basal joints short, the 5th longer, with 
small claws. 

The female has a short ovipositor like Blastophaga, 
from which it diverges in the structure of the antennae, 
which have some resemblance to those of Hupristina in 
their terminal joints and setose character; but it differs 
from the latter in the veining of the wings, which have 
the cubitus deflexed on the disc, and in its simple- 5- 
serrate mandibular appendages. The head is small and 
oval, and the mandibles, as well as their appendages, 
short and broad. The antenne are ten-jointed, the basal 
joint large and elongate, narrower at the apex, with an 
angular distension on the inner side; the 2nd joint. 
longer than broad, and slightly sinuous ; the 3rd forming 
a long, acute, curvate, projecting spine; the 4th is. 
shorter than the 5th; and the 6th to the 9th are cyathi- 
form, densely clothed with coarse recumbent sete, the 
6th being more elongate than the others, and the terminal 
joint fusiform. Thus in these antenne the 3rd and 5th 
joints of other genera are obsolete. The last four joints 
are also partially retractile at the base and deeply 
inserted respectively within the apex of each preceding 
joint, being occasionally expanded to their full extent, 
thus imparting a versatile character to these organs, 
both conditions being sometimes exemplified in the same 
specimen. 

The thorax is short and. gibbous; the fore wings very 
elongate, having the post-costal vein widely separated 
from the costa at its base, but conjoined subsequently, 
and the cubital vein deflexed on the disc of the wing in 
a slight outer curve, terminating in an oblong clavate 
apex. The hind wings have the costa and post-costal 
vein coalescent and strongly arcuate at the base of the 
wing, extending obliquely beyond the anterior margin, 
where terminating in a small tubercle bearing two or 
three hooklets ; the entire disc of all the wings is inter- 
spersed with short recumbent sete, and surrounded with 
a deep marginal fringe. The fore and hind legs are of 
moderate dimensions, and the intermediate pair slender 
and elongate. The abdomen is oval, about equal in 
length to the thorax ; the ovipositor short and setiform, 
not exceeding one-fourth the length of the former beyond 
its apex, with the sheaths shorter, robust, and falcate. 

The remarkable circumstance of the absence of the 
middle pair of legs in the males has been consistently 


of new Fig-Insects. 23 


maintained in the many specimens which I have 
examined, otherwise perfect, coupled with an abnormal 
development of the fore and hind femora, which closely 
approximate laterally; their antenne, with a central 
conical joint deeply embedded within the next in succes- 
sion, are also very peculiar; while the four terminal 
retractile joints of these ten-jointed organs in the females 
readily serve to separate this sex from any known genus. 


KRaDIBIA,* n. g. 


Mas apterus.: Caput parvum, obcordatum. Oculi 
plus minusve conglomerati. Mandibule minima, tri- 
gone, recta linea transverse valde porrecte, apice 
bidentate, dentibus obtusis. Antenne 6-articulate, 
glabre ; articulo basali parvo, obtrigono, 2do magno, 
subovato, latere interno medio dilatato, apice truncato ; 
3tio brevi, curvato, dimidio basali constricto; 4to minimo, 
conico, apice intra 5ti basin profunde inserto; 5to elon- 
gato, latitudine duplo iongiore, basi apiceque truncato, 
lateribus subparallelis ; extimo (6to) simili sed breviore, 
apice conico. Palpi obsoleti. Thorax capite dimidio 
latior ; pronoto magno, antice rotundato, angulis posticis 
valde productis, acuminatis; mesonoto semicireulari 
metanoto longiore, postice late truncato. Pedes antici 
- breves ; coxis parvis, subquadratis angulis rotundatis ; 
femoribus maximis, latis; tibiis brevibus, robustis, apice 
dilatatis, angulis in spinas acutas, incurvas, valde pro- 
ductis ; tarsis parvis, crassis, biarticulatis, articulo 2do 
longiore ; unguibus magnis, basi dilatatis, dente brevi 
utrinque instructis. Pedes intermedw desunt ; appendi- 
cibus duabus minimis biarticulatis, articulis subrotundis, 
basali majore, ad mesosternum postice affixis, licet ob- 
tectis necnon ob exiguitatem vix detegendis, tantum in- 
dicati. (Tab. IIl., fig. 47). Pedes postici coxis parvis 
oblongis ; femoribus ut in anticis latis, parum breviori- 
bus; tibiis longioribus, basi tenuioribus, apice sensim 
latioribus, truncatis, angulis utrinque bimucronatis, mar- 
gine externo setis paucis tenuibus, dentibusque obtusis 
4 prope apicem, instructis ; tarsis 5-articulatis, articulis 
1—4 brevibus, apicali duplo longiore ; unguibus medio- 
cribus, pulvillis dilatatis. dbdomen basi inflatum, sub- 
sphericum, segmentis apicalibus tenuibus, elongatis, 
seepe subter truncum retro deflexis. 


* xpadn, ficus sylvestris. 


24 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions 


Femina alata. Corpus parvum. Caput breve, angu- 
lis anticis prominulis, longitudinaliter late canaliculatum. 
Oculi ovales, laterales. Ocelli invisi. Mandibule breves, 
late, apice bidentate, acute, basi subquadrate, appen- 
dicibus basalibus parvis, transverse striatis, latere in- 
terno 4-serratis. Antenne 10-articulate ; scapo magno, 
oblongo, latere interno prominulo, basi apiceque angusti- 
ore; articulo 2do robusto, curvato; 8tio in spinam 
elongatam, curvatam, acutem, externe producto; 4to 
parvo, oblongo; reliquis setis crassis elongatis dense 
vestitis ; 5to brevi; 6to, 7mo, 8vo, Ino, magnis, cyathi- 
formibus ; extimo (10mo) fusiformi, setis obtecto ; arti- 
culis ultimis quatuor nonnunquam valde productis, vel 
singulis sese in antecedentem retractilibus. Thorax 
capite dimidio longior, latitudine coequalis; pronoto 
brevi, antice attenuato, postice incurvato; mesonoto 
transverso, lato; metanoto longiore, postice rotundato. 
Pedes antici. validi; coxis elongatis ; femoribus longis, 
robustis, externe rotundatis, latere interno subrectis ; 
tibiis brevissimis, curvatis, apice latis, truncatis ; tarsis 
longis, gracilibus, 5-articulatis; unguibus parvis. Pedes 
intermedit longi, coxis semicircularibus ; femoribus elon- 
gatis, tenuibus; tibiis longioribus, gracillimis, apice 
sensim sed parum latioribus, calcare tenui; tarsis longis, 
filiformibus, 5-articulatis, unguibus parvis. Pedes pos- 
tict. coxis robustis, ovatis; femoribus brevibus, vix in- 
flatis, apice tenuioribus ; tibis brevissimis, apice latiori- 
bus, truncatis, angulo interno calcaribus duobus validis 
armatis ; tarsis gracilibus, 5-articulatis, articulo basali 
longiore ; unguibus mediocribus. Ale omnes disco setis 
elongatulis recumbentibus sparsim instructe, margini- 
bus late fimbriatis ; antice longe; vena postcostali, basi 
valida, cum costa coalita, medio divergente, arcuata ; vena 
cubitali in discum deflexa, parum externe curvata, clava 
oblonga, truncata, oblique terminata. Ale postice an- 
guste, apice subacuminate ; vena postcostali cum costa 
conjuncta, arcuata, basi valida, prope marginis mediam 
externe producta, apice tuberculata setisque deflexis paucis 
brevibus instructa. Abdomen ovale, terebra setiformi, 
brevi, abdominis quartam partem longitudine vix ecce- 
dente ; valvulis brevioribus, robustis, arcuatis. 


of new Fig-Insects. 25 


Kradibia cowani, n. s. 


Mas capite, thorace, pedibusque fulvis, antennis pal- 
lide flavis, abdomine albido. Femina capite, antennis, 
thoraceque piceis, pedibus, abdomineque fulvis, alis 
cinereis, venisfulvescentibus. Long. corp.—mas, 1} mm. ; 
femina,2mm. Expans. alar, 3} mm. 


Hab. Cernes insula, Dom. W. D. Cowan cum ficubus 
communicavit. 
In Mus. Britannico et nostro. 


A singlé parasitic species was found in these Mada- 
gascar figs, whereof I noticed only two examples. They 
may be easily confounded with the males of Kradibia, 
being very similar in general appearance ; but they are 
at once recognisable by their fully-developed inter- 
mediate legs and other structural characters, being also 
prominently palpigerous, with conglomerate eyes. They 
constitute anew species of Sycoscapter, the description 
of which is hereto appended. . 


Sycoscapter gibbus, n. s. 
Characteres e maribus descripti. 


Fulvescens, apterus, Kradibii mares simulans ; capite 
elongato, prominulo, basi rotundo ; oculis conglomeratis ; 
mandibulis crassis, longis, subrectis, apice . obtusis 
sursum curvatis; palpis maxillaribus longulis, infra 
prominulis, articulis duobus apicalibus parvulis, extimo 
seta longa instructo. Antenne structure solite in hoc 
genere, pallide flave. Ale rudimentariz nulle. Pedes 
antici robusti, femoribus magnis, subovatis;  tibiis 
brevibus, apice multispinosis ; tarsis 5-articulatis, arti- 
culis 4 basalibus flavescentibus, brevissimis, latis, oblique 
compressis, sinuatis, extimo rufo-piceo, magno, elongato, 
basi tenui, apice lato, rotundato, unguibus, pulvillisque 
majusculis. Pedes intermedii similes sed minores, cetera 
ut in anticis. Pedes postici majores, femoribus magnis, 
ovatis ; tibiis longioribus, curvatis, basi constrictis, apice 
late truncatis, margine antico latereque externo spinis 
plurimis validis instructis; tarsis ut in anterioribus sed 
majoribus, unguibus pulvillisque elongatis. Long. corp. 
13 mm. 

Hab. Cernes insula, cum Kradibia cowani in ficubus 
ipsis commixti. 

In Mus. Britannico et nostro. 


26 


a. 


12. 
13. 


14. 
15. 


16. 


17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24, 


25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 


Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PLATE I. 


. Eupristina masoni, male, magnified. 


. Retractile apex of abdomen of ditto. 
. The male, seen laterally, with the abdominal scesitanties 


extended. 


. The female, magnified. 
. The head of ditto, seen laterally. 
. Mandible of the male. 


Antenna of ditto. 


. Fore leg of ditto. 
. Coxa of the same. 
. One of the mandibles of the female, seen from below, 


with its serrate basal appendage and appendiculated 
serrate lateral lobe. 


The same, seen obliquely, showing the seven teeth of the 
lateral lobe, and the eleven teeth of the ae 
appendage. 


The same, seen more obliquely. 


The same, seen transversely, showing the duplex series 
of teeth. 


Antenna of the female. 
Abdomen and ovipositor of ditto. 


PLATE II. 
Pleistodontes imperialis, male, with abdomen fully ex- 
tended, magnified. 
The female, magnified. 
Head and prothorax of ditto, seen laterally. 
Mandible of the male. 
Antenna of ditto. 
Upper horizontal section of head of ditto. 
Lower section of ditto. 
Fore leg of the male. 


Mandiblé of the female, with its multiserrate basal 
appendage seen from below. 


The same, seen transversely. 
Antenna of the female. 
Middle leg of ditto. 

Hind leg of ditto. 

Abdomen and ovipositor. 
The ovipositor, extracted. 


Fie. 31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 


39. 


40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44, 
45. 
46. 


of new Fig-Insects. OT 


PLATE III. 


Kradibia cowani, male, magnified. 

Ditto, seen laterally. 

The female, magnified. 

Head of ditto, seen laterally. 

Mandible of the male. 

Antenna of ditto. 

Mandible of the female, seen from below. 

Ditto, seen transversely, showing the 5-serrate basal 
appendage. 

Antenna of the female, with the terminal joints con- 
tracted. 

The five terminal joints of ditto, naturally expanded. 

Anterior portion of fore wing of the female. 

Hind wing of ditto. 

Fore leg of ditto. 

Middle leg of ditto. 

Hind leg of ditto. 

Abdomen and ovipositor of ditto. 


46a. Apex of ventral valve. 


47. 


Minute rudiments of middle legs of the male, as found 
im situ. 


; Dap hywnte seLetert ‘ ep oaths ri 


xa rch. PEA 
“ae / 
5 P - e 
PUM 4 a 


' 


vali taral*¢ 


cpheuie iii th 


( 29 ) 


II. Further descriptions of insects infesting figs. 
By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c. 


[Read October 4th, 1882. ] 


Puates ITV.—X. 


THe insects described in the present communication 
infest the fruit of Ficus Indica in Hindostan, having 
_ been found at Madras in the months of December, 1856, 
-7, -8, and -9, by Sir Walter Elliott, who caused a series 
of magnified figures of several of the species to be made 
by his native artist, which drawings were placed in my 
hands by the late Mr. Frederick Smith. The types of 
these insects are now in. the British Museum, and 
were described by Mr. F. Walker in his ‘Notes on 
Chalcidie. Mr. J. Wood-Mason, at Calcutta, also 
found a number of these parasites in the fruit of the 
same species of Ficus, which he communicated to Sir 
Sidney 8. Saunders, who has placed most of them in my 
hands for investigation and description, which I have 
now the pleasure of presenting to the HKntomological 
Society by way of supplement to my two former memoirs 
on fig-insects, and to those of Sir 8. Saunders. 

A very unsatisfactory series of descriptions of other 
fig-insects, by Mr. F. Walker, was published posthu- 
mously in the ‘Entomologist,’ vol. viii., p. 15; 1875. 
The paper is entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of new Genera and 
Species of Parasites belonging to the families Procto- 
trupide and Chalcidide, which attack insects destructive 
to the fig in India,” and contains descriptions of Pseudisa 
(u.g., fam: Dryinoide?), P. smicroides ; Isanisa (n. g., 
fam. Hurytomide), I. decatomoides; Agrianisa (n. g., 
fam. Sycophagoide), A. myrmecoides ; Micranisa, n. g. 
(neither family nor species mentioned) ; -Polanisa, n. g. 
(allied to Idarnes), P. lutea ; Idarnes orientalis (with the 
remark that ‘‘the only species hitherto described is a 
native of the West Indies”) [7. Carme,|} which shows 
either that Mr. Walker wrote these descriptions before 
1871, when he published the fourth part of his ‘ Notes 

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) ° 


30 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of 


on Chalcidie,’ or that he had forgotten his descriptions 
of Idarnes transiens, stabilis, and Pteromaloides, which 
had appeared in that work; whilst, had he previously 
written these ‘Entomologist’ descriptions, it is curious 
that he did not allude to them in his ‘ Notes.’ No 
collection is named in which the types of these de- 
scriptions exist, nor is any notice given by whom they 
were collected, and I am informed that the box in 
which they were placed has disappeared. 

Another memoir on fig-insects, by Dr. Paul Mayer, has 
just appeared in the ‘ Mittheilungen a. d. Zoolog. Station 
zu Neapel, 1882,’ Heft iv. It extends to forty large 
8vo pages, and is accompanied by several plates and 
woodcuts ; and reference to a memoir by H. Graf zu 
Solms-Laubach, entitled ‘‘ Die Herkunft, Domestication - 
und Verbreitung des gewohnlichen Feigenbaums (Ficus 
carica, L.),” published in the ‘ Abhandlungen Kén. 
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen,’ 1882, 
106 pp. In this memoir (which well deserves transla- 
tion) Dr. Mayer has dwelt at length on the physiological 
effect of the presence of the fig-insects in causing capri 
fication, and has given a list of the twenty-two different 
species of Ficus and Sycomorus from various parts of 
the world which have afforded species of these fig- 
insects. 

Dr. Mayer’s memoir is terminated by extended de- 
scriptions and figures of the details of both sexes of | 
Blastophaga grossorum, Grav. ; of the male of Sycophaga 
Sycomort (S. crassipes, Westw., olim); and of two other 
insects which (evidently deceived by the analogy with 
the sexual differences, of Blastophaga grossorum) he de- 
scribes (pp. 554 and 564) as the two sexes of one species 
under the provisional name of Ichnewmon jicarius, Cavo- 
lini. One of these two insects is a female with a very 
long exserted ovipositor, and is either identical with 
or congeneric with Walker’s Idarnes transiens; and 
the other, a supposed male, is a subapterous insect 
which, judging from the figures, seems to me to be 
identical with the female of Sycoscapter insignis described 
below, 


insects infesting figs. 31 


SPECIES OF INSECTS INFESTING FICUS INDICA. 
Sycopia, Walker. (‘ Notes on Chalcidie,’ p- 60). 


Characteres e maribus tantum descripti. Corpus 
gracile subplanum, fere glabrum. Caput magnum, ob- 
longo-quadratum lateribus subparalellis, angulis posticis 
rotundatis, disco subplano; oculis ovalibus, fere in 
medio laterali positis ; ocellis tribus posticis ; clypeo in 
medio biimpresso ; antennis basi valde approximatis, in 
medio clypei insertis ;. capite vix longioribus, articulo 
1mo longo, simplici, ad apicem sensim sed paullo. in- 
crassato; 2ndo fere dimidium articuli lmi equanti; 
articulis sex sequentibus brevibus, fere equalibus, ultimo 
(9mo) oblongo-ovato, quasi sed indistincte 3-articulato. 
Mandibule elongate graciles, falcatz, apice acute bifide. 
Maxille et labium coalitz carnose porrect, palpis 
maxillaribus 4-articulatis, articulo 1mo crasso, 2ndo et 
3tio cylindricis, ultimo parvo subulato, seta rigida termi- 
nato; palpis labialibus minutis, ut videtur, exarticulatis, 
apice seta terminatis. Thorax oblongo-ovalis antice 
parum angustatum. Pronotum magnum semiovale, sc. 
subconicum. Scutellum rhomboideum. Metathorax sat 
magnus. Alz satis magne, antice vena tenui, sub- 
costali basali, ad apicem cum costa breviter coalite, vena 
cubitali gracili in discum ale deflexa, apice parum in- 
crassato ; postice venis obsoletis. Pedes modice elon- 
gati, forma normali, femoribus anticis et posticis sub- 
incrassatis ; pedibus intermediis gracilioribus et parum 
brevioribus; tarsis omnibus 5-articulatis, unguibus 
crassis pulvillo magno instructis. Abdomen vix thoracis 
longitudine sed latius, subovale, subdepressum ;_ seg- 
mento Imo (pedunculo) squamiformi metanoto an- 
gustiori, subplano, angulis posticis subacute productis, 
margine postico in medio emarginato ; segmento 2ndo 
lato, basi biimpresso; genitalia porrecta elongata de- 
pressa parte basali oblonga, retinaculis duabus, 3 den- 
tatis, instructa; parte apicali basi angusta, apice dila- 
tato, caudam piscis simulante, stylis duobus elongatis 
dorsalibus in tuberculum parvum carnosum terminatis. 

Variat secundum magnitudinem individuorum magni- 
tudine mandibulorum. Figura 8 caput individui parvi 
representat mandibulis clausis et multo brevioribus. 


32 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of 


Typus Sycobia bethyloides, Walker (loc. supra cit... 
(Pl. IV., figs. 1—8). 

Lutea, mandibulis fulvis, abdomine fulvo apice pallide 
testaceo, alis diaphanis venis pallide testaceis. Long. 
corp. 14—2é lin. 

Hab. Hindostan. In Ficus Indica, Calcutta; Sir 
Walter Elliott and J. Wood-Mason. In Mus. Britann. 
et §. S. Saunders. 


My description of this insect is made from the type- 
specimens described by Walker, still in the British 
Museum; and by the permission of Dr. Gunther, the 
’ chief of the Zoological Department, I have been enabled 
to make a careful microscopical examination thereof, 
assisted by several other specimens, received by Sir 
Sidney 8. Saunders from Mr. Wood-Mason, found by 
him infesting Ficus Indica at Calcutta. This has 
enabled me to ascertain that the specimens described by 
Walker as females, provided with an exserted ovipositor, 
are in fact males, with the genitalia exserted to a con- 
siderable length, this peculiarity having been observed 
in all the specimens which I have examined. 

On comparing my description. with that given by 
Walker of his misnamed female of Sycobia bethyloides, 
it will be seen that that author overlooked the ocelli, and 
has described the exserted male genitalia as ‘‘ oviductus 
tubiformis, abdominis dimidio zquilongus.” 


WALKERELLA, 0. &. 


(Sycobia, ‘‘neuter ? worker ?,” Walker, ‘Notes on 
Chalcidiz,’ p. 61). 

Characteres masculini tantum descripti. Corpus 
parvum breve apterum. Caput magnum depressum 
transverse ellipticum, angulis rotundatis ; pronoto latius ; 
oculis parvis lateralibus, margine antico capitis in medio 
parum depresso. OcelliO. Antenne in medio capitis 
insert, basi approximate, articulo lmo maximo dila- 
tato, basi angustato, 2ndo parvo angusto, 3tio subclavato 
annuliformi, 5 proximis minutis equalibus, ultimo (nono) 
precedenti paullo majori ovali, et ut videtur exarticulato. 
Mandibule elongate, porrecte falcate, basi dilatato et 
denticulato, apice bifide. Trophi reliqui obsoleti. Pro- 
notum magnum capite angustius transverso-quadratum ; 
mesonotum exarticulatum ?; transversum ; metanotum 


insects infesting figs. 38 


angustius parum transversum, postice rotundatum. 
Abdomen angustum, thoracis longitudine, apice geni- 
talibus stylum gracilem formantibus, prope apicem 
retinaculis duobus 4 dentatis (cercis apicalibus, Walker), 
instructis. Pedes satis elongati et graciles, intermedi 
parum minores, femoribus anticis paullo incrassatis ; 
tibiis subdilatatis ; tarsis omnibus articulis 5 sat graci- 
libus instructis. 


Typus Walkerella temeraria, u.s. (mas). (Pl. IV., 
figs. 9-—12). 

(Sycobia bethyloides, ‘‘ neuter? worker ?,” Walker, 
op. cit., p. 62). 

Testacea lutea, mandibulis fulvis. Long. corp. 1 lin. 


Habitat in Fico Indica, Hindostan (Sir W. Elliott). In 
Mus. Brit. et Hopeiano Oxonie. 


This male insect, which Walker rashly described as 
the neuter or worker of Sycobia bethyloides (unmindful of 
the physiological considerations involved in the adoption 
of such a term) differs from Sycobia in its apterous con- 
dition, the structure and place of insertion of the an- 
tenne, the want of maxille and other inferior parts 
of the mouth, and the structure of the parts of the 
thorax. 

The shape of the head and the position of the an- 
tenne, with the simple 5-jointed tarsi, will also dis- 
tinguish this insect from any of the other apterous or 
subapterous species subsequently to be described in this 
memoir. 


SYCOBIELLA, N. g. 


Characteres e mare descripti. Corpus minutum 
apterum vel subapterum. Caput magnum, thorace latius 
angulis anticis obliquis; margine postico capitis in 
medio emarginato et utrinque in angulum parvum pro- 
ducto. Oculi laterales triangulares; clypeus vel margo 
anticus capitis emarginatus. Antenne sublaterales 
prope marginem internum oculorum insert, articulo 
Imo maximo, plano, subquadrato, basi extus rotundato, 
intus profunde inciso ; 2ndo parvo obconico paullo cur- 
vato, 8tio minuto annuliformi, 4to ad 8vum parvis sub- 
equalibus, singulo extus incisione parva subapicali 
notato; 9no ovali vix articulato. Mandibule robuste 
trigone apice curvato bifido, parte supera apicis supra 

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) D 


34 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of 


truncata (quasi dente altero truncato armate). Trophi 
reliqui obsoleti. Prothorax magnus transversus, planus, 
lateribus rotundatis; meso- et metathorax brevibus 
angustioribus. Ale antice (saltem in maribus) rudi- 
mentariz, prope angulos anticos mesothoracis insert, 
stylum longitudine pronoti, sensim ad apicem attenu- 
atum, subarticulatum et longe setigerum, formantes. 
Pedes breves valde incrassati, tibiis anticis subtrigonis 
apice spinosis, tarsis brevibus crassis ut videtur 3-articu- 
latis, articulis duobus basalibus brevissimis ; tibiis in- 
termediis vix crassitudine dimidium tibiarum anticarum 
equantibus; tarsis ut videtur 4-articulatis, articulis 3 
basalibus brevissimis, pulvillo permagno. Abdomen 
parvum subovale apice styligero, retinaculis in mari- 
bus elongatis apice curvalis 3-dentatis. Foemina mihi 
invisa. 


Sycobiella Saundersti, n.s. (Pl. V., figs. 13—19). 


Pallide luteo-fulva ; oculis nigris, mandibulis apice et 
medio clypei castaneis. Long. corp. fere 2 mm. 


Habitat in India orientali, Calcutta, in F’. Indica, D. 
Wood-Mason. In Mus. 8S. 8S. Saunders. 


The form of the short, strong mandibles, the remark- 
ably dilated basal joint of the antenne inserted at the 
sides of the head near the inner margin of the black 
eyes, and the curious rudimentary pair of alary appen- © 
dages, distinguish this insect from the other apterous or 
subapterous fig-insects. 


Sycoscaprer, S. S. Saunders MSS., n. g. 


Corpus parvum in utroque sexu, apterum vel sub- 
apterum. Caput magnum thorace latius et fere ejus- 
dem magnitudine subconvexum, angulis anticis sub- 
acutis, et truncatis ; posticis densim rotundatis, margine 
postico capitis emarginato; lateribus rotundatis parce 
setosis. Mandibule crasse curvate, porrecte, apice 
acuto integro, intus prope medium denticulo parvo in- 
structe, basiextus valde incise. Maxille, salteminfcoemina, 
parvee, lobo apicali obtuso setoso, basi utrinque laterali- 
ter, ut videtur, squama oblonga defense ; palpis maxil- 
laribus 4-articulatis, articulo 2ndo majori, apicali subu- 
lato seta terminato; mentum obovale, fere longitudine 


insects infesting figs. 35 


maxillarum, palpis labialibus parvis biarticulatis, articu- 
lis fere equalibus, apice seta longa terminato. Antenne 
breves, basi valde approximate et in medio antico cly- 
pei inserte ; articulo 1mo longo, parum incrassato, vix 
dilatato, 2ndo precedenti dimidio breviori, 3tio minimo 
annuliformi ; 4to brevi cyathiformi, 5to ejusdem forme 
at minori, 6to 7mo et 8vo, fere equalibus et precedenti 
(5to) paullo majoribus, reliquis tribus massam ovalem 
majorem formantibus. Thorax oblongus subovalis de- 
pressus. Pronotum magnum angulis anticis rotundatis. 
Mesonoto et metanoto brevibus, singulo lateribus rotun- 
datis. Ale antic (in utroque sexu?, certe in feemina) rudi- 
mentarie, thoracis longitudine, e filamento tenui, cylin- 
drico multiarticulato formate. Ale postice obsolete. 
Pedes breves crassi, coxis magnis squamiformibus ; 
femoribus dilatatis; tibiis crassis clavatis, apicibus 
acute multi-spinosis, tibiis anticis subtrigonis, inter- 
mediis ovalibus basi angustioribus, posticis longioribus 
curvatis extus serie denticulorum circiter 12 armatis. 
Tarsis omnibus crassis brevibus et 5-articulatis, articulis 
4 basalibus brevissimis obliquis, 5to maximo incrassato ; 
unguibus crassis, basi intus acute dilatatis. Abdomen 
oblongo-ovatum, postice attenuatum ; genitalibus maris 
exsertis, retinaculis duobus tridentatis. 


Sycoscapter insignis, 8. 8. Saunders MSS. (PI. V., 
figs. 20—29). 

Totus pallide luteo-fulvus nitidus, capite magis fulvo, 
mandibulis magis castaneis. Long. corp. circ. 2 mm. 


Habitat in India orientali, Calcutta, in F’. Indica, D. 
Wood-Mason. In Mus. Saunders et nostr. 


The general similarity in form in the two sexes of this 
insect, the acute apex of the rather short and robust 
mandibles, pointed at the tips, the existence of maxilla, 
labium and palpi, at least in the females, the place of 
insertion and structure of the antenna, the short strong 
and nearly equal-sized legs, 5-jointed tarsi, and the very 
remarkable structure of the rudimentary pair of wings, 
which I have only noticed in the females, attached near 
the anterior lateral angles of the mesothorax, distinguish 
this genus from the other apterous or subapterous species 
of these fig-parasites. 


36 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of 


SYCOSCAPTELLA, N. g. 


Characteres e mare descripti. Corpus parvum, apterum, 
depressum. Caput magnum pronoto paullo latius, sub- 
depressum angulis posticis rotundatis dense setigeris ; 
oculis sublateralibus reniformibus antice attenuatis ; 
ocellis 0; antenne capite breviores, basi approximate 
in medio clypei inserte ; articulo lmo magno depresso 
subclavato, 2ndo parvo, 3tio fere indistincto, 5 sequenti- 
bus brevibus, inter se subarcte applicatis, ultimo breviter 
ovato in medio quasi 2-articulato. Mandibule parve 
apice acuto integro; palpi distincti, maxillares breves, 
4-articulati, articulis duobus intermediis paullo majori- 
bus. Prothorax magnus subplanus, angulis anticis 
rotundatis; mesothorax transversus, angulis, anticis 
paullo lobatis ; metathorax brevis. Ale 0? Abdomen 
basi latitudine metanoti «quale, lobo medio semiovali 
antice producto; retinaculis maris elongatis subclavatis 
tridentatis. Pedes breves crassi, femoribus anticis dila- 
tatione basali cum trochantere continua; tibiis anticis 
perbrevibus subtrigonis apice spinigeris, tibiis inter- 
mediis parum angustioribus; tibiis posticis augustiori- 
bus spinigeris ; tarsis perbrevibus ut videtur 3-articulatis, 
articulis duobus basalibus in pedibus anticis extus dila- 
tatis setas longas nonnullas emittentibus. 


Sycoscaptella afinis, n.s. (Pl. VI., figs. 30—85). 


Tota pallide lutea, mandibulis castaneis, pedibus fulvis. 
Long. corp. 2 mm. 


Habitat in India orientali, Calcutta, D. Wood-Mason, 
in F.. Indica. In Mus. 8. 8. Saunders. 


This insect is closely allied to Sycoscapter in the in- 
sertion of the antenne closely together in the middle of 
the clypeus, but the joints of the clava of these organs 
are continuous and not cyathiform, and the formation of 
the legs, and especially of the tarsi, differs from that of 
Sycoscapter. 1 was not able to observe any rudimentary 
alary appendage in the only specimen I have seen, which 
has been mounted in Canada balsam by Sir Sidney S. 
Saunders. 


insects infesting figs. 37 


IDARNELLA, N. g. 
Idarnes (pars), Walker, ‘ Notes on Chalcidie,’ p. 62. 


The genus Idarnes was proposed by Walker (Ann. Nat. 
Hist., xu. 47) for the reception of a minute female chal- 
cidideous insect from St. Vincent’s, West Indies (J. carme), 
with extremely long ovipositor and slender body, the 
palpi being described in that species as biarticulate ; the 
antenne short and clavate (the number of joints not 
being indicated), the 1st joint long and thick, the 2nd 
cyathiform, the 3rd and following very short; the pro- 
thorax large and transverse; the abdomen as ‘“ longi- 
ovatum,” with the Ist segment large; the oviduct very 
long, the vagine being thrice the length of the body ; 
the femora of the fore and hind legs thick, the middle 
legs being “‘ graciles.” 

The type, Idarnes carme, is brassy green, with the 
abdomen cupreous, antenne black, legs fulvous, eyes 
and ocelli red, oviduct fulvous, sheaths black. 


Idarnella transiens,* Walker (op. cit., p. 62). (Pl. VL., 
figs. 36—42). 

The species which is represented in the accompany- 
ing figures inhabits Hindostan and Ceylon, and is 
distinguished by a rather large head, long slender 
antenne in both sexes, the basal joint being long and 
not clavate, the 2nd joint about one-fourth of the length 
of the preceding, the 8rd small and annular, the four 
following equal sized, each rather longer than the 2nd, 
and the 9th, 10th, and 11th forming a long articulated 
mass, pointed at the tip. The prothorax is rather small 
and conical. The fore wings have an elongated de- 
flexed vein. The abdomen of the male is armed with two 
3-dentate retinacula, whilst that of the female is term- 
inated by a long slender cylindrical joint as long as the 
whole of the preceding portion of the abdomen, and this 
is succeeded by another still more slender cylindrical 
joint, from the extremity of which arise the two sheaths 
of the very elongate ovipositor (thickened at their 
extremities), the ovipositor itself being extremely slender 
and hair-like. 


* The typical specimen of I. carme, in the British Museum, has 
unfortunately lost its head, 


38 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of 


The following characters of Idarnes, as described by 
Walker, seem sufficient to separate this insect generically 
from the type of the genus, J. carme (for the former of 
which I propose the name of Idarnella). The antenne 
are clavate, 10-jointed, the 1st and 2nd joints long and 
slender, the 8rd and following short and transverse ; the 
prothorax elongate-conical ; the abdomen lanceolate, a 
little longer than the thorax ; oviduct setose, much more 
than twice the length of the body, tubiform, and like the 
body in colour towards the base; sheaths black, and 
with the usual structure from thence to the tip, the tubi- 
form part as long as the abdomen. Legs short, stout; 
coxe long; fore femora incrassated, four posterior 
femora slightly incrassated; tibie with two apical 
spines.* 


Idarnes stabilis, Walker (op. cit., p. 62), also reared 
from Ficus Indica by Sir W. Elliott, is described by 
Walker as golden green, much like J. transiens in struc- 
ture, with the sheaths of the oviduct black, thrice the 
length of the body, with the usual structure, not tubi- 
form towards the base. I presume from the latter 
character that J. stabilis agrees with I. carme generically. 


Idarnes pteromaloides, Walker (op. cit., p. 68), also 
infesting Ficus Indica and discovered by Sir W. Elliott, 
is described as golden green, with 9-jointed ? subclavate 
antenne, inserted near the mouth, with the club fusi- 
form, longer than the two preceding joints together ; the 
prothorax somewhat elongate; the mesothorax rather 
small, with the sutures of the parapsides indistinct ; the 
abdomen convex, with four segments a little longer, 
broader, and deeper than the thorax, terminating in a 
lanceolate black tube, which is about one-sixth of the 
whole length. Wings pellucid; veins very pale yel- 
lowish ; ulna much shorter than the humerus; radius 
shorter than the ulna, cubitus shorter than the radius, 
descending abruptly to the disk; stigma small. It has 
not the long oviduct which distinguishes the other 
species of the genus, which character alone, in my 
opinion, sufficiently separates it generically from the 


* I. transiens, foem.—‘ Lutescens, caput transversum ; antenne 
fusce, 10-articulate basi pallide flave; prothorax longi-conicus 
petiolus brevissimus ; abdomen lanceolatum, thorace paullo longius ; 
oviductus corpore plus duplo longior, basi tubiformis ; femora sub- 
incrassata ; ale diaphane venis pallide flavis.” Long. corp. 1 lin, 


insects infesting figs. 39 


other Idarnes, as well as Idarnella; but it possesses other 
characters, not noticed by Walker, which will be described 
and figured in a future paper, in which also detailed de- 
scriptions and figures of Sycophila megastigmoides and 
decatomoides (Walker, op. cit., p. 64), also found by Sir 
W. Elliott infesting Ficus Indica, will be given. 


SPECIES OF INSECTS INFESTING THE SEEDS 
OF FICUS RELIGIOSA IN CEYLON. 


I am indebted to the great care and attention bestowed 
on the investigation of the species of hymenopterous 
parasites infesting the seeds of figs of various kinds in 
Ceylon by the late Dr. G. H. K. Thwaites, of the Botanic 
Gardens at Paradenyia, and by J. Stainforth Green, 
Esq., of Colombo, for specimens of a great number of 
distinct species preserved both in spirits of wine and 
mounted in Canada balsam. 

The species of figs observed to be infested with these 
little parasites in Ceylon are—1, Ficus (Urostigma) 
religiosa, Linn. ; 2, F’. asperrima, Keenig. ; 3, F’. (Covellia) 
glomerata, Willd.; 4, F. (Urostigma) laccifera, Roxb. ; 
5, F. (Urostigma) Tyiela, Roxb. ; 6, F. (Urostigma) My- 
soriensis, Roxb.; 7, F’. (Urostigma) infectoria, Willd.; 8, F. 
parasitica, Kenig; 9, F’. (Covellia) oppositifolia, Willd. ; 
10, F. heterophylla, Roxb.; 11, F. Wightiana; 12, F. 
modesta ; and 18, F’. cinerascens. 

As the fruit of most of these species of Ficus is 
infested with a number of distinct parasites of very 
minute size, often under a line in length, their micro- 
scopical investigation will occupy considerable time, and 
must form the subjects of partial publication from time 
to time. On the present occasion I describe some of 
those infesting Ficus religiosa :— 


OTITESELLA, 0. g. 


Characteres masculini descripti. Corpus minutum 
subdepressum subapterum. Caput oblongum parum 
convexum, angulis posticis rotundatis, margine antice 
in lobos duos rotundos supra basin mandibularum por- 
recto. Oculi laterales versus angulos anticos capitis 
positi. Ocelli 0. Mandibule magne porrecte, fere 


40 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of 


capitis longitudine, apice acuto curvato et supra denticulo 
truncato instructo; margine interno mandibularum dente 
latiori truncato pone medium armato. Maxille et 
labium ut videtur obsoleta. Antenne longiores in medio 
partis postice capitis inserte, articulo Imo magno 
ovali compresso, 2ndo mediocri (annuli pone 2um obso- 
leti), 5 sequentibus parvis fere equalibus, ultimo fere 2di 
magnitudine, ovali, ut videtur ex annulis tribus (2us 
apicalibus minutis) formato. Thorax oblongo-quadratus, 
prothorace magno, mesothorace transverso, versus angu- 
los anticos utrinque ala rudimentaria instructo. Pedes 
valde robusti, omnibus subequalibus, femoribus magnis 
ovalibus compressis ; tibiis robustis, anticis apice spini- 
geris; posticis 4 extus rotundato-dilatatis ; apice interno 
calcaratis ; tarsis magnis articulis tribus brevissimis, 4to 
apicali maximo, unguibus robustis basi dilatatis. Abdo- 
men basi metanoti latitudine, apice attenuato, genitalibus 
utrinque retinacula denticulata armatis. 


The general form of the body in this genus closely 
resembles that of the males of Sycoscapter, but the 
structure of the mandibles, the position of the antenne, 
and the form of the alary rudiments and tarsi separate 
it from the other subapterous groups of fig-insects. 


Otitesella digitata, n.s. (Pl. VIL., figs. 483—51). 


Mas. ‘Tota fulva; mandibulis margine interno in 
medio rotundato emarginatis, tarsis omnibus articulo 
4to maximo ovali et in pedibus 4 posticis nigro, retina- 
culis 4 denticulatis; alis rudimentalibus e stylo tenui 
biarticulato apice longe-setigero et vix mesonoto longiori 
formatis. Long. corp. circ. 2 mm. 


Habitat in F. religiosa, in insula Tabrobana (DD. 
Thwaites et J. Stainforth Green), In Mus. Hopeiano 
Oxonie. 


The singularly dilated large-sized terminal joint of the 
tarsi and alary appendages distinguish this species from 
every other known hymenopterous insect. 


Otitesella religiosa, n.s. (Pl. VII., figs. 52—57). 


Mas. Parva. Tota luteo-fulva ; subaptera, capite sub- 
quadrato, angulis anticis et posticis rotundatis ; pronoto 
transverso, breviori, subquadrato, angulis posticis setis 
nonnullis longis instructis; alis duabus rudimentariis 


‘ 
_ EE 


insects infesting figs. 41 


longitudine pronoti, e filamento tenui cylindrico 6-articu- 
lato formatis, articulis 4 ultimis seta longa extus in- 
structis; abdomine basi metanoto angustiori; pedibus 
brevibus, robustis, tarsorum articulis tribus basalibus 
brevibus, ultimo crasso, subclavato ; mandibulis robustis, 
porrectis apice acutis, extus ante apicem dente truncato 
instructis ; margine interno in medio in lobum latum 
planum intus dilatato ; retinaculis latis 5 dentatis. Long. 
corp. circ. 2 mm. 

Habitat in F’. religiosa, in insula Taprobana (DD. 
Thwaites et J. Stainforth Green). In Mus. Hopeiano 
Oxonie. 


Sycoscapter monilifer, n.s. (Pl. VIII., figs. 58—62). 

Totus luteo-fulvus. Apterus, capite magno subquad- 
rato, antice paullo angustiore, angulis anticis recte 
truncatis, posticis rotundatis et pronoto parum latioribus ; 
lateribus serie tuberculorum 16 parvorum singulo seta 
instructo ; antennis parvis in medio clypei basi approxi- 
matis; articulo lmo magno clavato, 2ndo fere dimidium 
longitudine primi equanti, 3tio cyathiformi intus paullo 
extenso, 4to minuto, 5to, 6to, et 7mo parvis equalibus, 
reliquis massam ovalem exarticulatam ? formantibus ; 
oculis lateralibus versus angulos anticos capitis positis : 
mandibulis porrectis mediocribus apice integro acuto ; 
dente truncato sub apicem armatis; margine interno 
parum curvato, denteque basali instructis (maxillis labio 
palpisque haud observatis). Prothorace semiovali, angu- 
lis anticis rotundatis, capite parum angustiori angulis 
posticis subacutis, singulo seta valida porrecta instructo ; 
alarum rudimentis non detectis; abdomine attenuato, 
thorace breviori, apice in stylum tenuem terminato, reti- 
naculis non detectis ; pedibus satis robustis ; tibiis pos- 
ticis apice parum clavatis, tarsis gracilibus 5-articulatis 
articulo Imo elongato, subtus apice parum dilatato 
setoso, pedibus intermediis femoribus tibiisque crassi- 
oribus. De sexu nihil constat. Long. corp. circ. 2 mm. 

Habitat in F’. religiosa, in insula Taprobana. (DD. 
Thwaites et J. 8. Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz. 


Sycoscapter gracilipes, n.s. (Pl. VIIL., figs. 683—66). 

Mas. Precedenti valde similis, totus luteo-fulvus, 
differt capite angulis anticis rotundatis, mandibulis fal- 
catis apice acuto denteque oblique truncato sub apicem 


42 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of 


armatis, maxillis labio palpisque, ut videtur, obsoletis ; 
pronoto angulis posticis seta porrecta instructis ; meso- 
noto absque rudimentis alarum; abdomine thorace 
minori, apice attenuato ; genitalibus retinaculis 2, 4-den- 
ticulatis armatis ; pedibus subelongatis tarsis simplicibus 
5-articulatis, articulo Imo in pedibus posticis tribus 
sequentibus simul sumptis fere eque-longo; an mas 
speciei precedentis ? Long. corp. fere 2 mm. 
Habitat in F’. religiosa, in insula Taprobana. (DD. 
Thwaites et J. S.Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie. 


Sycoscaptella ? anguliceps, n.s. (Pl. IX., figs. 67—75). 

Mas. Minuta, luteo-fulva; capite oblongo-quadrato, 
lateribus parallelis setis tribus longis instructis, margine 
antico fere recto angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis in 
angulum parvum extus porrectum productis; oculis 
versus angulos anticos positis ; antennis parvis, basi in 
medio clypei approximatis ; articulo 1mo elongato apice 
incrassato, 2ndo ovali (annulis sequentibus haud de- 
tectis) articulis 5 proximis parvis 2ndo minoribus, ultimo 
(Svo) ovali integro; mandibulis parvis falcatis apice 
acutis integris, maxillis labio et palpis, ut videtur, obso- 
letis ; thorace oblongo, aptero, prothorace magno, meso- 
et meta-thorace majori, abdomine postice attenuato, geni- 
talibus retinaculis 2us angustis curvatis armatis ; pedibus 
mediocribus, tarsis 5-articulatis, pedum 4 anticorum 
articulis simplicibus, tribus basalibus, in anticis brevissi- 
mis, in intermediis brevibus, 5to longitudine precedenti- 
bus simul sumptis «quali, unguibus crassis basi dila- 
tatis; tibiis pedum posticorum calcari longo apicali tar- 
sisque difformibus et ut videtur 5-articulatis, articulo 
1lmo oblongo subtus serie duplici spinarum parvarum, 
setaque longissima apicali armato, articulo 2ndo parvo 
sub apicem precedentis abscondito, 8tio minuto, 4to 
brevi setis circiter 4 longissimis apicalibus instructo, 
articulo ultimo crasso oblongo ovato, unguibus basi 
dilatatis pulvilloque ordinario armatis. Long. cire. 
2 mm. 

Habitat in F. religiosa, in insula Taprobana (DD. 
Thwaites et J. S. Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie. 


In addition to the preceding species of fig-insects in- 
festing Ficus religiosa, I have received the following 
additional species, parasitic on the same plant, which 
will require description ;— 


insects infesting figs. : 43 


1. Both sexes of a species of Blastophaga, of which 
the antenne of the female are strongly clavate with the 
terminal joints armed with very strong compressed 
bristles. 

2. A female Idarnella of comparatively large size ; 
two individuals of a green colour, and one fulvous. 

8, 4. Females of two species (Idarnes ?) with ovi- 
positors much longer than the body, and of the ordinary 
structure ; oné pitchy coloured on the back, with the 
legs and under side pale yellow; the other rather larger, 
pale yellow, with the abdomen banded with dark brown, 
and the outer sheath of the ovipositor setose throughout 
its whole length. 

5. A large fulvous-winged female, like an Hwrytoma, 
with unspotted wings. 

6. Asmall, winged, brassy-green, polished species, with 
the ovipositor not exserted. 

7. The winged male of a very small fulvous species, 
with large black eyes, possibly the male of an Idarnes or 
Idarnella. 


I add to the preceding descriptions of species infesting 
the seeds of Ficus Indica and religiosa the description of 
another species which infests Ficus asperrima in Ceylon, 
and which seems to be identical with the male insect de- 
scribed by Dr. P. Mayer as the male of Ichnewmon 
ficarius (Mitth. d. Zool. Station z. Neapel, vol. ii1., pl. xxv., 
fig. 2; and pl. xxvi., figs. 1, 2, 6 and 8), but which 
has no relationship with the insect figured by him as 
the Ichnewmon ficarius female, which is an Idarnella ; 
whereas the present insect appears to belong to my genus 
Sycoscaptella, and is remarkable for possessing four rudi- 
mentary alary appendages. 


Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa, n.s. (Pl. X., figs. 76—85). 

Fulva, nitida, subconvexa, capite saturatiore, abdomine 
albido, mandibulis apice acutis integris, intus obtuse 
dentatis; capite subquadrato antice parum angustiori 
angulis posticis rotundatis (inde subcordato) setis longis 
instructis; clypeo in medio supra profunde impresso 
genis infra in medio in tubercula duo porrecta, maxillis 
minutis labioque cum palpis inter tubercula affixis, 
maxillarum lobo apicali setoso, palpis maxillaribus 4- 
articulatis, articulo basali longiori, palpis labialibus 


44 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions oy 


minutis biarticulatis: antennis parvis, ut videtur 8- 
articulatis, annulis inter 2um et 3um articulos et articu- 
lis ? in ultimo haud computatis : prothorace magno antice 
rotundato fere magnitudine capitis, setis paucis longis 
lateralibus instructis ; mesothorace et metathorace per- 
brevibus, singulo filamentis duobus (alis rudimentalibus) 
instructis, latitudinem thoracis longitudine equantibus, 
setosis et, ut videtur, multiarticulatis; pedibus per- 
brevibus incrassatis spinigeris; tarsis pedum anticorum 
brevissimis articulis basalibus arcte coalitis; pedum 
intermediorum 4-articulatis, articulis 3 basalibus brevi- 
bus at simplicibus, 4to parvo clavato; tarsis pedum pos- 
ticorum difformibus, articulo basali longiori subtus in 
lobum producto, articulis 2 vel 3 ? minimis, ultimo elon- 
gato clavato; unguibus omnibus crassis basi dilatatis ; 
abdomine thorace minori et angustiori segmentis apicali- 
bus attenuatis, genitalibus exsertis, retinaculis duobus, 
apice 3-dentatis, lobis duobus membranaceis apice seta 
instructis, pene gracili curvato. Long. corp. maris 
circiter 1} mm. 

Habitat in F’. asperrima, in insula Taprobana. (DD. 
Thwaites et J. S. Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz. 


I also add, by way of further illustration of the fig- 
insects, a figure of— 


Palmon (Pachytomus) Klugianus. (Pl. X., figs. 86—88). 


Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., vol. iv., p. 260; pl. 10 
fig. 238, with details. 


“ Ex ficubus Aigypti,” a specimen of which was kindly 
communicated to me by the late Dr. Klug. I do not 
know the species of Ficus which it infests, and am not 
acquainted with the female, which has probably an elon- 
gated, exserted ovipositor. 


Respecting this insect Dr. Paul Mayer observes :— 
“G. Mayr giebt an (Die europdischen Torymiden, Verh. 
zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., 1874, xxiv., p. 68 Anm.) die 
Merkmale von Pachytomus nach Westwood (Trans. Ent. 
Soc., iv., p. 260) passen auf die g von Podagrion, Spin. 
und hochst wahrscheinlich seien die in Feigen gefundenen 
Exemplare in dieselben nur eingedrungen, um Zucker zu 
lecken (op. cit., p. 581, note 3). 


insects infesting figs. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PLATE IV. 


. Sycobia bethyloides, magnified. 

. Mandible of ditto. 

. Maxillary and labial palpi of ditto. 

. Front of clypeus and antenna of ditto. 
. Extremity of hind leg of ditto. 

. Extremity of the male genitalia of ditto, with the retinacula 


seen obliquely. 


. One of the retinacula of ditto, seen flat. 
. Head of a smaller male specimen of ditto, with smaller 


mandibles. 


. Walkerella temeraria, magnified. 

. Extremity of mandibles of ditto. 

. Antenna of male. 

. Extremity of the male genitalia of ditto. 


PLATE V. 


. Sycobiella Saundersii, male, magnified. 
. Mandible of ditto. 

. Antenna of ditto. 

. Alary appendage of ditto. 

. Fore leg of ditto. 

. Tarsi of intermediate legs of ditto. 

. Extremity of the male genitalia of ditto. 
. Sycoscapter insignis, male, magnified. 

. Mandible of ditto. 

. Maxille, labium, and palpi of ditto. 

. Antenna of ditto, with several detached joints. 

. Part of the middle of one of the rudimentary wings of 


ditto. 


. Fore leg of ditto. 
. Hind leg of ditto. 
. Metathorax and abdomen of the male, with the terminal 


parts withdrawn. 


. Male genitalia of ditto, exserted. 
. Extremity of ditto, with the retinacula. 


45 


46 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of 


PLATE VI. 


Fic. 30. Head of Sycoscaptella affinis, male. 
31. Mandibles and maxillary palpi of ditto. 
32. Antenna of ditto. 
33. Fore leg of ditto. 
34. Hind leg of ditto. 
35. Extremity of male abdomen of ditto. 
36. Idarnella transiens, male. 


37. “3 js female. 
38. Antenna of male I. transiens. 
39. 55 female 5 


40. Stigmal portion of wing of female ditto. 
41. Hind leg of male ditto. 
42. Extremity of abdomen of male ditto. 


PLATE VII. 


43. Otitesella digitata, magnified. 

44, Mandible of ditto. 

45. Antenna of ditto. 

46. Extremity of second and the following joint of antenna. 
47. Alary appendages of mesothorax of ditto. 

48. Extremity of fore leg of ditto. 

49. Tibia and tarsus of intermediate leg of ditto. 

50. Tibia and tarsus of hind leg of ditto. 

51. Genitalia of male O. digitata. 

52. Otitesella religiosa, magnified. 

53. Mandibles of ditto. 

54. Extremity of basal and terminal joints of antenna. 
55. Alary appendage of mesothorax of ditto. 

56. Tarsus of intermediate leg of ditto. 

57. Genitalia of male O. religiosa. 


PLATE VIII. 
58. Sycoscapter monilifer, magnified. 
59. Right side of the head, mandibles, and antenna of ditto. 
60. Extremity of fore tibia and tarsus of ditto. 
61. $3 middle tibia and tarsus of ditto. 
62. re hind tibia and tarsus of ditto. 
63. Sycoscapter gracilipes, magnified. 
64. Front of head, mandibles, and antenna of ditto. 
65. Hind tarsus of ditto. 
66. One of the retinacula of male ditto. 


Fic. 67. 


68. 
69. 


70. 
1. 


insects infesting figs. 47 


PLATE IX. 


Sycoscaptella ? anguliceps, magnified. 

Right side of head, mandibles, and antenna of ditto. 
Mandibles of ditto, seen from beneath. 

Fore tarsus of ditto. 

Middle tarsus of ditto. 


72, 73, 74. Hind tarsus of ditto, in different positions. 


75. 


76. 
77. 


78. 


79. 
80. 
81. 


82. 
83. 
84. 
85. 
86. 
87. 
88. 


Genitalia of male ditto. 


PLATE X. 


Sycoscaptella quadrisetosa, magnified. 


Front of under side of the head, showing the porrected 
tubercles, between which the maxille and labium are 
inserted. 


Outer lobe of one of the maxille, one of the maxillary 
palpi, and the two labial palpi of ditto. 

Mandibles and bilobed under side of head of ditto. 

Antenna of ditto. 


Extremity of prothorax, mesothorax, and base of meta- 
thorax, of one side of the thorax, showing the two 
rudimentary winglets. 


Extremity of the anterior tibia of ditto. 
Intermediate tibia and tarsus of ditto. 

Hind leg of ditto. 

Genitalia of male. 

Palmon (Pachytomus) Klugianus, magnified. 
Part of front margin of fore wing of ditto. 
Fore leg of ditto. 


eT 
ie) aa 
Ai Var MedNet sete 


(49) ») 


III. Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected im Chili by 
Thomas Edmonds, Esq. By Arruur G. Buruer, 
FLib.,) BYA.8.,: &e. 


[Read November 1st, 1882. | 
Puate XI. 
PART IV.—PYRALES anv MICROS. 


THe collection of these groups, although less perfect 
than in the other tribes, consists of not less than seventy 
species. 

In Berg’s paper on Patagonian Lepidoptera an effort 
has been made to identify two or three of Blanchard’s 
genera, but, apart from the imperfection of the figures 
and descriptions in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’ it was im- 
probable that the genera would be invariably correctly 
identified among species taken in Patagonia; and, 
although I labour under a similar difficulty when trying 
to recognise in Berg’s paper identifications of Chilan 
species, [ nevertheless have better descriptions to work 
with. 

After a careful examination of Berg’s descriptions I 
have been unable to recognise any of his new species as 
indubitably conspecific with Chilian forms; the only 
moths which seem to be probably identical are what I 
regard as Depressaria desertorum and a small Gelechia. 

With respect to Blanchard’s genera, recorded and in 
part redescribed by Berg, I have a few words to say: 
Phycopterus, Blanch., is a genus closely allied to Spilodes, 
having palpi considerably longer than the head; it has 
no connection whatever with Nymphula.* Lindera is 
identical with Setomorpha of Zeller = Chrestotes, Butler, 
both of which it will supersede: it appears to me that 
‘Berg has rightly identified this genus, which evidently 
has an unusually wide range. 

With reference to some of Zeller’s species, it is to be 
regretted that they were described from single examples, 


* The figure, though not bad in outline, is very imperfect as 
regards markings. 


TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) E 


50 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


but at the same time his descriptions and figures are so 
good as to leave little to be desired on that head: one 
thing alone troubles me, and that is the marvellous 
elasticity of his genus Cryptolechia, which, as it now 
stands, appears to combine the characters of Depressaria, 
Hypercallia, and not a few undescribed (though surely 
sufficiently distinct) genera. Iam aware that the genus 
is divided by its author into groups, to some of which he 
has given distinctive names, thus introducing a tri- 
nomial system; but, with all due deference to an author 
who has paid considerably more attention to Micro- 
Lepidoptera than it has been possible for me to do, it 
would, I think, be decidedly preferable to raise these 
groups to the rank of genera: the characters given to 
distinguish typical Cryptolechia from Machimia do not 
seem to be strictly adhered to, for if ‘ Wicklergestalt und 
scharfer Vorderflugelspitze’ represent the prominent 
characteristics of Cryptolechia, C. tortricella should be 
referred to Machimia, and C. ochracea and fasciatipedella 
to Cryptolechia ; as for C. fenestella, | cannot see why it 
should be separated from Hypercallia, with which, in 
spite of its more slender and longer palpi and narrower 
wings, it agrees fairly well in neuration and style of 
coloration; in pattern and form of wing it comes nearer 
to Walker’s H. igniferella than to H. citrinalis. 
Following Professor Zeller’s own definition, which 
corresponds with his original description in referring the 
species having the apex of the primaries acute to Crypto- 
lechia,* I transfer C. ochracea and fasciatipedella to this 
genus. The apex of the wing is not only acute, but 
subfaleate, whereas the type of Machimia, according to 
Stainton, has ‘‘the hind margin obliquely pointed.” 
Unhappily we do not possess an example of M. tentori- 
feyella, but the C. carnea of Zeller, and other species 
referred by this author to Machima, show no trace of 
faleation; C. notimacula has, moreover, a rounded apex 
and paipi sufficiently characteristic to distinguish it from 
either genus, though bringing it nearer to Tortricopsis ; 
in my opinion it would be better located under Stenoma, 
some of the species of which genus show a similar form 
of wing and style of coloration ; the remarkable palpi, 
however (see Zeller’s figure), which somewhat closely 


* See Lord Walsingham’s observations on the genus in Trans. 
Ent. Soc., Lond., 1881, pp. 253-4. 


collected in Chili. Bal 


agree with those of Walker’s Indian genus Binsitta, 
make it necessary to separate it. I shall therefore 
propose for this species the generic name of Call- 
stenoma. -(See Pl. XI., figs. 8, 8a). 

C. renselariana of Cramer was referred by Walker, 
with hesitation, to his genus Torda; unhappily the type 
of the latter genus is one of those singular Deltoid-like 
Tortricide with a little open ear-like pouch at the base 
of the primaries. T’. altana, propriana, and concolorana 
are species of the allied genus Uzeda = Auchoteles of 
Zeller ; it will, therefore, be impossible to use the name 
Torda for Zeller’s fifth division of Cryptolechia. 

Mr. Edmonds’ collection contains no Galeriide. With 
one exception (Schistotheca canescens, Ragonot), I know 
of no other species from Chili, the Oratha signijicata of 
Walker, placed by that author.in this family, being a 
Geometer and identical with Alsophila hypparia, female, 
of Felder and Rogenhofer, which it will supersede. 


PYRALIDA. 
BurpHarocervs, Blanchard. 
A genus closely allied to Zitha of Walker. 


1. Blepharocerus rosellus.* 


Blepharocerus rosellus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna 
Chilena,’ vii., p. 102, n. 1; pl. 7, fig. 12 (1852). 
‘Las Zorras, in March.”—T'. E. 


AcTENIA, Gruenée. 
2. Actenia rubescens, n. 8. 


Primaries above sericeous flesh-brown, crossed in the 
middle by two pale-bordered parallel dusky stripes, 
which enclose the central area ; they are nearly straight 
from costal margin to submedian vein, where they are 
abruptly elbowed; a marginal blackish line; fringe 
creamy yellowish, traversed by two brown lines; 
secondaries of male creamy yellowish, feebly and 
minutely grey-speckled, of the female shining greyish 
white ; a marginal series of subconfluent black spots; 
fringe traversed by a dusky line, reddish brown in the 


* Blanchard’s figure omits the inner band across the primaries, 
and the abbreviated dusky arched stripe, greyish tint, subconfluent 
blackish marginal dots, and the line on the fringe of secondaries. 


52 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


male, grey in the female; thorax flesh-coloured ; abdo- 
men of the male whitish, with reddish anal tuft, of the 
female greyish; primaries below more or less suffused 
with blackish grey; the central stripes only distinct at 
costa, where they are represented by whitish-bordered 
black dashes; secondaries shining whitish, brownish 
along costal and external borders; an abbreviated black 
stripe from the costa to the end of the cell; margin 
and fringe as above; body below reddish in the male, 
eevee in the female ; tarsi white. Expanse of wings, 
6 mm. 


‘“‘ Valparaiso, November and December.”—T. E. 
This species was placed with Godara chilensis. 


APORODES, Guenée. 
3. Aporodes efficitalis. 
Herbula ? efficitalis, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., Suppl. 4, 
p- 1287 (1865). 

“Valparaiso, in December.” —T. E. 

Walker believed the type of this species to be from 
New York, and I find a label to that effect in the col- 
lection ; but itis just as likely that the example was from 
Chili; it is allied to A. subsequalis of Guenée. 


ENNYCHIIDA. 
RwopariA, Guenée. 
4. Rhodaria chilialis. 
Pyralis chilialis, Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise der 
Fregatte Novara, iv., pl. cxxxiv, fig. 30 (1875). 
‘Valparaiso, October and November.”—T. E. 


5. Rhodaria purpuraria, i. s. 

Allied-to R. chilialis; primaries above deep ferru- 
ginous, irrorated with blackish, the fringe traversed by a 
deep rose-coloured stripe with lilac inner and green outer 
edge; a narrow oblique white stripe just before the 
external third, and slightly inarched towards the inner 


margin; secondaries fuliginous ; the basal half pale and. 


somewhat ochraceous, a narrow ochreous stripe just 
beyond it ; fringe shining pearl-grey, tipped with whitish 


collected in Chili. 53 


and traversed by an indistinct ochreous line; body 
ereyish ochreous, the tegule reddish on the shoulders ; 
primaries below sericeous blackish grey, with the costal 
and external borders and an imperfect discal stripe 
reddish clay-coloured ; fringe almost covered by a broad 
ereyish band; secondaries yellowish clay-coloured, 
crossed by two subparallel blackish stripes; fringe 
greyish, shining; body pale testaceous; legs whitish. 
Expanse of wings, 23 mm. 


** Chillan, near the town, in March.”—T. E. 
Only one example obtained. 


BOTIDIDA. 
OROBENA, Guenée. 
6. Orobena mitis, n. s. 


Primaries above whitish cinereous, the costal border 
slightly blackish, a black-brown stripe across the basal 
third, inangled from the median vein; discoidal spots 
blackish, the reniform large, and with or without a white 
dash upon it ; the post-median stripe pure white, widely 
sinuous (geschwungen), with slender black inner edging 
and a broad dark brown outer border; a submarginal 
series of black dots, followed by a dusky sinuated. line ; 
fringe whitish, traversed by a dusky stripe ; secondaries 
shining whity-brown, almost golden; suffused with pale 
erey, crossed beyond the middle by an abbreviated 
angular blackish line, followed by a blackish streak ; 
submarginal spots, marginal line, and fringe as in the 
primaries ; body ash-grey ; under surface greyish white, 
with pale gold reflections, the borders of primaries and 
the secondaries whiter than the remainder of the surface; 
blackish disco-cellular lunules ; black submarginal dots ; 
marginal line and fringe as above; a pale-bordered 
irregular dusky discal line ; body sreyish white. ee 
of wings, 26 mm. 


‘“‘Valparaiso, September, October, and November.” — 
T. HE. . 


Allied to O. sophialis, but very distinct. 


Puycorterus, Blanchard. 


Allied to Spilodes, but differing in the forking of the 
subcostal veins of all the wings. 


54 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


7. Phycopterus flavellus. (Pl. X1., fig. 1). 


Phycopterus flavellus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna 
Chilena,’ vil., p. 103, n. 1 (1852). 


‘Corral, in February ; among Quilo.”—T’. E. 


This species is not unlike Spilodes turbidalis, but the 
oblique apical dash on the primaries is sharply defined, 
and the secondaries only show a single indistinct arched 
greyish line. 

8. Phycopterus signariellus. (Pl. X1., fig.-2). 

Phycopterus signariellus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna 

Chilena,’ vii., p. 108, n. 2; pl. 7, fig. 18 (1852). 

‘Corral, in February.”—T. EH. 

This species has golden testaceous primaries, the 
markings upon which are more or less distinct and of a 
dull rose-colour, not brownish; the secondaries are 
eream-coloured, with a pale rose-coloured angular line 
beyond the middle; a marginal series of red-brown 
liture and a series of blackish dots on the fringe. I 
believe, notwithstanding the want of exactness in his de- 
scription, that | am right in regarding this as Blanchard’s 
species, and that it has nothing to do with M. Guenée’s 
Nymphula rantalis. 


Scopuna, Schranck. 
9. Scopula anitina, n. 8. 

Closely allied to S. fulvalis of Europe, with the same 
colours, but the lines across the primaries above much 
more slender ; the secondaries whiter, and consequently 
with more distinct abbreviated grey discal line; pri- 
maries of the female clouded like S. quadralis ; primaries 
below with the apical costal black spots larger, but the 
marginal spots smaller; the secondaries traversed by a 
well-defined, arched grey discal stripe. Hxpanse of 
wings, 22 mm. 

‘“‘ Valparaiso, September and October.”—T". E. 


10. Scopula cinerea, n. 8. 
Possibly a variety of the preceding species, but closely 
resembling S. inquinatalis of Hurope. from which it 
differs in the larger and blacker costal spots on the 


collected in Chili. 55 


primaries on both surfaces; the fringe of all the wings 
distinctly spotted with black on the under surface ; the 
discal stripe on the under surface of primaries straight, 
black; the entire surface of these wings darker, the 
discal stripe of secondaries further down the outer 
margin; the discoidal cell of the same wings shorter 
and broader, and the palpi longer. Expanse of wings, 
23 mm. 


“ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E. 


11. Scopula indistincta, n. 8. 


Form and general whitish tint of S. decrepitalis, much 
smaller; primaries above pale stramineous, with the 
discoidal spots blackish ; the upper portion of the discal 
line represented by a straight transverse series of black 
dots running from the fourth black costal spot to the 
second median branch ; the lower portion is only repre- 
sented by a few black scales between the end of the cell 
and the inner margin; the subbasal line is very oblique 
and represented by four black dots; the marginal dots 
are small; fringe blackish grey ; secondaries with an 


. 


imperfect discal grey stripe parallel to the outer margin, 
followed by a submarginal series of rather large grey 
spots and a marginal series of black dots; fringe grey 
at the base; body white ; primaries below pale strami- 
neous as above, the markings rather more distinct ; 
secondaries white, with the borders slightly yellowish ; 
the usual black markings, but the discal line slender ; 
body below stramineous ; venter with lateral series of 


black dots. Expanse of wings, 20 mm. 

“‘ Valparaiso, in July.—T’. E. 

S. indistincta somewhat resembles Duponchel’s figure 
of Ebulea fimbriatalis. 


12. Scopula melanosticta, 0. 8. 


Form and pattern above of S. prunalis, but white, the 
primaries slightly tinted with stramineous, the discoidal 
spots black; the usual lines indistinct, the external 
border greyish brown, with a submarginal series of 
blackish spots; the usual black marginal dots; fringe 
blackish ; secondaries with brownish external border ; 
the usual black dots at the end of the cell and along the 


56 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


outer margin; fringe white, traversed by a grey line; 
body above pale testaceous; primaries below greyish, 
the discoidal spots not so black as above ; other markings 
much as usual; secondaries shining white, the costal 
and external borders slightly tinted with stramineous ; 
black markings as usual; pectus white ; legs and venter 
slightly tinted with brown. Expanse of wings, 22mm. 


Valparaiso ? 
The single example was not numbered. 


Nympuuta, Schranck. 
13. Nymphula numeralis ? 


Pyralis numeralis, Hubner, Samml. Hur. Schmett., Pyr., 
pl. 14, fig. 89. 

“‘ Valparaiso, in April.” —T. E. 

Whether this is actually Hubner’s insect or not I am 
unable to decide, as we do not possess the species: it 
much resembles Duponchel’s figures; that of Herrich- 
Schaffer is entirely obliterated by the white-lead which 
has been laid on thickly by the artist, and has turned 
perfectly black. The Chilian species is certainly con- 
generic with N. interpunctalis. 


Gopara, Walker. 


Allied to Pionea, but the males ‘with a reflexed tuft 
near the base of the costa.” The Chilian species is 
more like Cledeolia than Pionea in colouring. Zeller’s 
type appears to have had the tufts either rubbed off or so 
closely appressed to the wing as to be regarded as merely 
black spots ; they are capable of being thrown forwards 
so as to appear like a black process projecting from 
the costal margin. 


- 14. Godara chilensis. 


Stemmatophora chilensis, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. 
Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 426 (1874). 


“Valparaiso, November and December.” —T". E. 


Two males were placed with Actenia rubescens, which 
they somewhat resemble in coloration, 


collected in Chili. 57 


SCOPARIIDA. 
Stenoprycua, Zeller. 


This genus, In my opinion, should be placed near to 
both Agathodes and Stenopteryx, notwithstanding the more 
simple neuration of the decidedly narrower secondaries ; 
the structure of the head seems to me to be decidedly 
opposed to its location in the Pterophoride. 


15. Stenoptycha zelleri, n. 8. 


Nearest to S. lindigi of Felder and Rogenhofer ; pri- 
maries reddish brown ; the apical third darker, bounded 
internally by an irregularly curved ‘‘reniform”’ spot and 
a chocolate-brown spot below it ; orbicular large, greyish, 
black-edged, but partly obliterated by a longitudinal 
semitransparent streak running through the radial inter- 
spaces and the discoidal cell; an ill-defined red-brown 
spot below the orbicular, and one or two angular blackish 
costal dashes nearer to the base ; a slightly zigzag dusky 
discal line with yellow external edge ; a marginal black 
stripe with whitish inner edge; fringe white, traversed 
by two black lines; secondaries pearl-white, semi- 
transparent ; disco-cellulars, a sinuous subapical streak, 
and a submarginal streak, greyish ; a blackish marginal 
stripe ; fringe traversed by a blackish line ; body grey, 
spotted with red-brown ; wings below pearl-white, almost 
silvery, markings indistinct; body below chocolate- 
brown ; legs with white tibiz and tarsi, barred with brown 
at the extremities of the joints. Hxpanse of wings, 
28—32 mm. 


“Las Zorras, December and January.’—T. E. 


The wings are thrown backwards in repose, the pri- 
maries curving, and the secondaries folding over some- 
what like a fan, so that the abdominal and external 
margins form a continuous spiral line; they have no 
upward tendency: the head is almost as large as in 
Stenopteryx, owing to the prominence and size of the 
eyes and the somewhat large and projecting palpi; the 
antenne are, however, longer than in that genus. In the 
secondaries the discoidal cell is long and large, more so 
than in Stenopteryx, in which respect it differs widely 
from the Pterophoride, in which it is decidedly small. 


58 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


STENOPTERYX, Guenée. 
16. Stenopteryx hybridalis. 
Pyralis hybridalis, Hubner, Pyral., pl. 17, fig. 114. 
Nee Saar all through spring, summer, andautumn.” 
= = . Ms 
Five examples of this common and widely-distributed 
species were in the collection. 


17. Scoparia dispersa, n.s. 

Somewhat allied to S. vallerialis, but as small as 
S. linealis of New Zealand ; primaries dark grey-brown, 
the veins partly black ; instead of the usual inner white- 
bordered blackish line, the basal half is streaked irregu- 
larly with snow-white and black lines; there is also a 
black and white dot at the end of the cell; the discal 
line is snow-white and rather acutely zigzag; the costa 
is crossed by oblique white dashes; the outer border is 
white, with a marginal series of black spots ; secondaries 
silvery; thorax dark brown; the palpi and posterior 
fringes of the tegule white ; abdomen silver-grey ; under 
surface silvery ; anterior tibie barred with black. Ex- 
panse of wings, 19 mm. 


No exact locality recorded. 


AEGERIID. 
AKeeRiA, Fabricius. 
18. Aigeria rufa. Nn. 8. 


Wings above deep reddish orange, with black borders ; 
fringes grey; primaries with the borders very broad, 
leaving only a narrow:streak of the ground colour divided 
by a black spot at the end of the cell; body blackish, 
with blue-grey gloss ; abdomen with white hind margins 
to the segments ; antenne black ; wings below with the 
borders slightly bronzy, those of the primaries a little 
narrower than above; body below leaden grey; the 
pectus steel-blue at the sides; legs slightly purplish 
above and bronzy below; middle tibie clothed above 
with orange hair. Expanse of wings, 10, 15, or 17 mm. 

‘Pines valley near Valparaiso; on Umbelliferous 
flowers in January.”—T’. £. 


collected in Chili. 59 


GALERIIDA. 
ScurstorHEca, Ragonot. 


This genus has been recently described by M. Ragonot 
in the Bulletin of the Entomological Society of France ; 
the palpi are similar to those of Donacoscaptes of Zeller, 
but the structure of the wings differs considerably.* 


19. Schistotheca canescens, Ragonot. 


Primaries and thorax above gericeous-white, more or 
less densely irrorated with grey, sometimes so as to give 
them a distinct greyish tint; secondaries and body pale 
greyish brown, sericeous, the wings with white fringes ; 
primaries below greyish brown, with whitish costal bor- 
der and white fringe ; there is a distinct reflexed costal 
flap, fringed at the back with fine hairs, and enclosing a 
woolly tuft of hair; secondaries of the typical form (the 
outer margin being sinuous below the apex, which is 
acuminate), varying from sericeous-white to sreyish 
brown with white fringe; body below white. Expanse of 
wings, 44—50 mm 


“ Larva.—Pinkish white, with brown head and plate 
on 2nd segment. Feeds inside flower-stems of Bromelia. 


‘Valparaiso, in January.”—T’. E. 


PHYCIDA. 
Metua, Walher. 
20. Mella ragonoti, 0. 8. 


Primaries above sericeous cream-colour, irrorated with 
brown and black scales ; veins pale sandy brownish ; two 
arched indistinct brown streaks towards apex, the first 
oblique, the second parallel to the outer margin ; a black 
spot just before the middle of the cell, and a second, 
rather larger, at the inferior angle of the cell ; a marginal 
series of minute black dots; fringe sordid at apex; 
secondaries silvery pale grey, with two slightly darker 


* I find that Monsieur Ragonot regards this as a Galeriid ; his 
types had been removed from the series and placed with others in 
a small box, so that it was only just discovered in time to avoid my 
making a synonym. 


60 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


spots placed obliquely at the end of the cell; a marginal 
series of minute black dots; fringe white ; thorax whity- 
brown ; palpi long, acuminate, porrected, grey at the 
sides and white below; wings below greyish (the pri- 
maries especially), with black marginal dots and white 
fringe ; body below white ; the venter with lateral black 
dots; tarsi tipped with blackish. Expanse of wings, 
24 mm. : 
Valparaiso. 
CRYPTOBLABES, Zeller. 
21. Cryptoblabes divergens, n. 8. 


Primaries above granite-grey, with a small reddish 
spot bounded on each side by black scales near the base 
of inner margin; a reddish tint on the first median 
interspace; a slightly irregular oblique black stripe, 
margined internally with white, across the basal third ; 
a zigzag black-edged white stripe across the disc; be- 
tween these two stripes is a.small J-shaped character at 
the end of the cell; an ill-defined submarginal series of 
minute blackish dots; fringe white, traversed by two 
grey stripes; secondaries sericeous-white, slightly yel- 
lowish or gold-tinted at apex and base of fringe; a 
brownish marginal line and a slender grey line on 
the frmge; thorax granite-grey; abdomen pearl-grey, 
changing to white with blackish spots towards the anal 
segment; tuft creamy-white; primaries below grey- 
brown ; secondaries white, with brownish costa; body 
below white ; legs banded with grey. Expanse of wings, 
21 mm. 


No exact locality recorded. 


The Phycide of this collection were submitted to 
Monsieur Ragonot, but unfortunately the two preceding 
Species (being discovered in the corner of one of Mr. 
Hdmonds’ boxes after the return of M. Ragonot to Paris) 
were not seen by him ; two other species from Valparaiso 
which he did examine are not labelled, and therefore I 
conclude that he has either identified them with pre- 
viously-described species,* or has not considered them 
to be in sufficiently good condition to make it safe to 


describe them. 


* They appear to be Plodia interpunctalis and Homeosoma 
nebulella. 


collected in Chili: 61 


CRAMBIDA. 
CramsBus, Fabricius. 
22. Crambus sabulosellus. 


Crambus sabulosellus, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxviil., 
p. 178. n. 139 (1868). 


**Chiloé, from Reed’s collection.” —T. E. 


I can discover no specific character to separate this 
from Walker’s New Zealand type; perhaps if we pos- 
sessed a series of specimens from the two localities it 
might be possible to find distinctive characters ; as it is 
the single Chilian example appears not to differ. 


CuiLo, Zincken. 
23. Chilo chillanicus, n. 8. 


Silvery white, tinted with brassy brown; primaries 
above with a longitudinal subcostal brown stripe from 
base to apex, and immediately below it a broader snow- 
white stripe, bounded below by a median brown streak ; 
apex acuminate ; several minute brown marginal dots ; 
body whity-brown, shining; primaries below pale grey, 
with faint golden reflections and white on the apical area; 
fringe white as above; secondaries snow-white, with 
sordid costal border ; body white ; legs sordid. Expanse 
of wings, 32 mm. 


‘*Chillan, February and March.”—T. E. 


24. Chilo ceres, n. 8. 


?. Nearest to C. phragmitellus, agreeing with the 
female of that species in coloration and venation, but 
considerably larger, with curved and slightly deflexed 
palpi and arched outer margin of primaries, which are 
less acuminate at apex; the discoidal, radial, and in- 
ternal areas of these wings. mottled indistinctly with 
grey, two parallel oblique streaks of which colour cross 
the disc ; a distinct marginal series of small black spots ; 
in other respects the two females are similar, the pri- 
maries and body being bright golden stramineous, with 
black disco-cellular dot and the secondaries shining white. 
Expanse of wings, 47 mm. 


‘* Las Zorras, in December.’ —T’. EL. 


62 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


Specimens of this species were examined, but appa- 
rently not described, by Monsieur Ragonot ; he probably 
came to the conclusion that I have arrived at, that it was 
not a Phycid. 

C. ceres may be allied to Sericocrambus stylatus of 
Wallengren from Monte Video. 


MiToTHEMMA, 0. g. 


Allied to Themma = Tunza of Walker, but differing in 
the simple antenne of the male, somewhat shorter palpi, 
and the emission of the 2nd and 3rd median branches of 
the secondaries from a footstalk. 


25. Mitothemma angulipennis, 0. 8. 


Primaries above pale shining gold-brown, longitudi- 
nally striated with black between the veins ; one or two 
small black spots in the cell, one or two beyond the cell, 
and a marginal series; secondaries slightly sinuated 
between the first subcostal and third median branches, 
thus producing an angle at the third median branch ; 
silvery white, slightly greyish towards apex, with a mar- 
ginal series of small black spots; body whity-brown ; 
primaries below shining greyish brown, with pale gold 
reflections, white towards outer margin, where there isa 
series of small black spots; secondaries silvery white, 
tinted with gold towards costa, sparsely and minutely 
irrorated with blackish scales; a black disco-cellular 
spot; an imperfect elbowed dark brown discal stripe ; a 
marginal series of small black spots ; body below shining 
cream-colour. HExpanse of wings, 31 mm. 


‘Las Zorras, in May.”—T. HE. 


26. Mitothemma acuminata, n. s. 


Somewhat like a narrow-winged Spilodes in its general 
appearance ; primaries above bright golden stramineous, 
sometimes sparsely grey-speckled, and always with two 
divergent oblique grey stripes running inwards from the 
apex, the upper one entering the discoidal cell, the lower 
one crossing the disc to first median branch; a more or 
less defined black dot at the inferior angle of the cell; a 
marginal series of black dots; secondaries silvery white ; 
traces of a faint grey discal line; fringe pale sulphur- 
yellow; thorax stramineous; abdomen cream-colour, 


collected in Chili. 63 


irrorated with grey ; primaries below cream-colour, with 
the discoidal area grey ; a dusky apical spot ; secondaries 
shining white, with yellowish costal border; pectus 
white; legs and venter cream-coloured. Expanse of 
wings, 832—37 mm. 


‘Las Zorras, February and March.”—T. E. 


27. Mitothemma striata, n.s. 


Primaries above golden stramineous, more or less 
densely irrorated with grey, which sometimes forms 
broad longitudinal streaks in and below the cell ; traces 
of two to three abbreviated oblique undulated parallel 
orey striz from the cell to the inner margin, and beyond 
them two darker grey stripes from apex to inner margin, 
the inner one angulate-sinuous, the outer one sub- 
marginal and regularly undulated; a nearly marginal 
Series of small black spots, followed by an extremely 
slender black marginal line, sometimes interrupted ; 
secondaries shining white, irrorated with grey, crossed 
by a slender and sometimes black-dotted grey discal 
line ; a slender blackish marginal line, interrupted at the 
extremities of the veins, and sometimes a series of 
blackish dots ; body pale stramineous ; primaries below 
cream-coloured, the basal three-fourths, excepting at 
costal border, more or less suffused with grey and bounded 
externally by an oblique darker line incurved towards 
costa; a marginal series of black dots; secondaries 
creamy white, shining, sparsely and minutely black- 
speckled; a blackish spot at the end of the cell; a discal 
and a marginal series of black dots ; body below sordid- 
white. Hxpanse of wings, 31—35 mm. 


‘‘ Las Zorras, February and March.”—T. EH. 

Judging from the figure alone the Schenobius terreus 
of Zeller from Madagascar looks as though it might 
belong to this genus. 


TASEOPTERYX, 0. 2. 

Allied to Hromene, but readily distinguished by its 
tapering clearly pectinated male antenne; the costal 
margin of the primaries strongly arched towards the 
base, and the style of coloration which somewhat reminds 
one of Plusia. 


64 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


28. Taseopteryx sericea, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 3). 


Primaries above whity-brown, clouded with bronzy 
olivaceous ; with the central area occupied by a broad 
oblique irregularly trigonate patch, bounded above by the 
costal border, and on the other sides by a black-edged 
white stripe; this patch is greyish white towards the 
costa, where the veins are blackish, the remainder being 
dark olivaceous varied with flesh-colour, and enclosing a 
cream-coloured crescent with blackish inner edge at the 
end of the cell and a large curved blackish-edged creamy 
spot within its posterior angle; two confluent black 
spots at the base; submedian vein ash-grey; an abbre- 
viated oblique white stripe from apex to about the centre 
of the disc, where it fades into the ground colour, and 
followed by a longer and broader dark bronzy olivaceous 
stripe or band spotted with black dashes, from which 
longitudinal pure white stripes run to the extremity of 
the fringe; secondaries greyish, sericeous, with faint 
golden reflections ; external border broadly darker, with 
a black marginal line interrupted at the extremities of 
the veins ; a dusky disco-cellular lunule ; fringe white, 
traversed by a grey stripe and tipped with grey; body 
pale greyish or whity-brown; primaries below dark 
smoky grey, the fringe spotted with snow-white ; costa 
sprinkled with white scales ; secondaries silvery white, 
irrorated with grey, especially on the costa; a black 
disco-cellular spot and marginal line; a slender undu- 
lated grey discal line ; body below pale shining brown. 
Expanse of wings, 27—29 mm. 


‘‘Las Zorras, in November.”—T’. E. 


TORTRICIDA. 
Trras, T'reitschke. 
29. Teras blanchardu, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 6). 


Somewhat the aspect of 7’. proteana, but darker ; pri- 
maries pale coffee-brown, sericeous ; a broad grey patch 
commencing in the centre of the costa, running obliquely 
backwards, and tapering to a mere line at basal fourth 
of dorsal margin, mottled with blackish, and crossed by 
a slightly curved blackish band, which runs obliquely 
outwards from the costal margin to its outer edge, 
bounded also iust below the middle of its outer edge by 


collected in Chili. 65 


a projecting patch of pale yellowish scales ; a second and 
much smaller patch nearer to the dorsal margin; a 
small projecting black spot at about the middle of the 
interno-median area and immediately below the first 
median branch ; a few very indistinct reticulations on 
the external area, and two small blackish spots towards 
apex; fringe pale towards the tips; secondaries shining 
dark leaden grey, with faint bronze reflections; fringe 
shining coffee-brown, changing to whitish plumbageous 
towards anal angle, and traversed near the base by a 
dark brown line; thorax clay-coloured ; head and palpi 
whitish ; abdomen pale shining grey, anal tuft yellowish ; 
primaries below dark shining grey, with bronze re- 
flections ; costa whitish, transversely striated with black ; 
fringe clay-coloured, with paler edges; secondaries silvery 
whitish, mottled with black ; the veins at apex and two 
abbreviated stripes upon the fringe golden cupreous ; 
body below sordid white; legs banded with blackish. 
Expanse of wings, 17 mm. 


Exact locality not recorded. 


30. Teras walsinghamii, n.s. (Pl. X1., fig. 7). 


Near to TJ. asperana, smaller, and with darker 
secondaries ; primaries above with the basal half whitish 
ochreous, mottled with testaceous, an oblique series of 
four small spots, increasing in size from the costa to the 
origin of the first median branch, the first two very 
minute and black, the last two larger and formed by 
projecting scales of the ground colour; apical half dark 
purplish slate-colour, sprinkled with a few grey scales, 
with small black costal tufts, and a black subapical spot ; 
secondaries shining grey, with bronze reflections ; fringe 
whitish, brownish and traversed by a darker line near 
the base, and spotted with blackish at apex; thorax 
‘whitish ochreous ; head and palpi blackish ; abdomen 
grey, with whitish borders; primaries below bronze- 
brown, the dark area showing through the wing in certain 
lights, faintly speckled with whitish; costa white, 
striated and spotted with black; fringe ashy grey, 
whitish at the base, and traversed near its outer edge by 
a blackish line; secondaries silvery white, mottled with 
brown, especially towards apex; fringe whitish; body 


TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) F 


66 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


shining leaden grey ; legs whity-brown, banded with pale 
grey. Hixpanse of wings, 16 mm. 
‘‘ Valparaiso, November and December.”—T". E. 


31. Teras fernaldi, n. s. 

Allied to TJ’. abietana, though in some respects more 
like T’. variegana; much darker, the secondaries espe- 
cially darker ; primaries above whity-brown, very faintly 
tinted with pink in certain lights, mottled irregularly all 
over with dark red-brown and black, the most con- 
spicuous markings being two connected black-edged red- 
brown oblique bands forming a very irregular and almost 
H-shaped character across the centre of the wing; upon 
the inner arm of this character is a pale sulphur-yellow 
annulus, from which a small tuft of scales of the same 
colour projects; immediately beyond the H-shaped 
character is a very irregular oblique purplish-grey forked 
band spotted with black; fringe pale brown, traversed 
by two darker lines ; secondaries dark grey, with bronze 
and purplish reflections; basi-abdominal area pale ; 
fringe whity-brown, spotted at apex with blackish, and 
traversed by two dark lines; body shining grey; head 
and palpi sordid whitish ; wings below shining whitish, 
reticulated with grey, the costal margins spotted with 
black; primaries with the apical three-sevenths blackish ; 
fringe tipped with red-brown; secondaries with three 
conspicuous blackish costal spots, a fourth on the fringe 
at apex, and two smaller spots on the outer margin ; 
fringe as above ; body below sordid whitish ; legs banded 
with pale brown; venter with lateral series of black 
spots. Expanse of wings, 17 mm. 

** Valdivia, in February.”—T’. EH. 


ARCTOPODA, N. g. 

Nearest to Cacoecia, which it nearly approaches in 
neuration ; body extending beyond the secondaries, rather 
slender, with scarcely perceptible anal tuft; antenne 
rather long, tapering, ciliated; palpi short, broad, and 
hairy; legs short, thick, the tibie clothed with rather, 
long hair, the spurs moderately long; anterior legs 
clothed with hair almost to the extremity of the tarsi; 
primaries broad, the costal margin nearly straight, and 
not much longer than the inner margin; outer margin 
slightly convex from the middle to the external angle ; 
secondaries subovate, with nearly straight costal margin, 
slightly concave towards apex. 


collected in Chili. 67 


32. Arctopoda maculosa, n.s. (Pl. XI, fig. 5, 2). 


g. Primaries above reddish chocolate ; disco-cellular 
veins black, all the other veins regularly spotted with 
black; secondaries black-brown, with an apical patch, 
and the apical half of the fringe bright orange; re- 
mainder of fringe dark grey; thorax dark purplish 
brown ; abdomen blackish ; wings below brilliant golden 
orange ; primaries crossed beyond the middle by a broad 
oblique black belt, expanding towards the outer margin ; 
fringe broadly tipped with purplish, spotted with black ; 
anal half of fringe of secondaries blackish ; body below 
dark grey ; legs whitish, clothed with dark grey hair ; 
venter with whitish segmental bands. Expanse of wings, 
30 mm. 

?. Larger than the male; primaries clouded with 
orange in the middle, and with a broad apical patch of 
the same colour, upon which the black spots are very 
conspicuous ; secondaries with a sprinkling of orange 
scales within and below the cell, and the apical patch 
extending as a tapering border round the outer margin ; 
primaries below with the black belt reduced to a rather 
narrow band ; secondaries with the basal area dulled and 
bounded externally by a somewhat diffused angular 
dusky band indicating the dark area of the upper surface ; 
body below bronze-brown ; legs partly whitish. Expanse 
of wings, 34 mm. 


‘‘ Las Zorras, in December.”—T. EL. 


This handsome species reminds one vaguely of Cacoecia 
podana, although altogether more brilliantly coloured ; in 
the form and opaque coloration of the wings it agrees 
better with Ptycholoma. 


(ENECTRA, Guenée. 
33. Cinectra approximata, n. s. 


Primaries above golden testaceous, reticulated with 
grey, and crossed by double-arched series of small black 
spots; an oblique dark-edged greyish stripe running 
from the costa before the middle to below the first 
median branch, and almost joined before its extremity 
by a reversed stripe of the same character running 
obliquely upwards from a parallel point on the inner 
margin ; fringe brown externally ; secondaries sericeous- 


68 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


white, reticulated with grey ; thorax ochraceous ; abdo- 
men silvery grey, with ochraceous anal tuft; primaries 
below pale golden, with the markings less defined than 
above; secondaries as above; body pale ochraceous. 
Expanse of wings, 24 mm. 


‘Valparaiso, in January. The larva feeds within the 
stems of its food-plant.”—T".. LE. 


34. Cinectra fulvaria? (Pl. XI, fig. 4). 
Tortrix fulvaria, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’ 
vii., p. 99, n. 1 (1852). 
‘“‘ Valparaiso, in January.”—T". HE. 


Standing in the collection with the preceding species, 
from which, however, it differs in its occasionally greater 
size, its longer palpi, deeper coloration, and in the 
pattern of the primaries ; these wings are of a sericeous 
tawny testaceous colour, reticulated throughout with 
grey, a line of which colour crosses the wings obliquely 
near the base; there is a diffused dusky spot at the end 
of the cell, and a greyish subapical costal cuneiform 
patch ; the secondaries are cream-coloured, reticulated 
with grey, and tinted with testaceous towards apex. 
Blanchard’s specimens appear to have been small, if 
they really belonged to the species before me (as the 
coloration leads me to believe that they did). 


Var. dives. 


Size and coloration of primaries recalling Pedisca 
grandiflavana, Wlsm.; these wings are sericeous golden 
stramineous, indistinctly reticulated with grey, some of 
the lines with a few blackish scales upon them ; base of 
costal margin grey, spotted with blackish ; a dark grey 
spot sometimes quadrate and in outline just beyond the 
middle of the costa, from which an indistinct brownish 
discoloration crosses the wing to the dorsal margin; a 
dark grey or pale brownish spot at the end of the cell ; 
a more or less distinct subapical costal grey-edged patch ; 
base of fringe grey; secondaries silvery white, more or 
less sordid and reticulated with grey; body pale stra- 
mineous; under surface pale shining stramineous ; the 
secondaries paler than the primaries, which are more or 
less clouded with grey in the centre; all the wings 
reticulated with grey; anterior and middle legs banded 
with grey. Expanse of wings, 32—33 mm. 


collected in Chili. 69 


Scrapuina, T'reitschke. 
35. Sciaphila leonina, n. s. 

Allied to S. gouana, but larger, and with the coloration 
of Affa bipunctella of N.° America; primaries above 
golden stramineous, shining; sprinkled sparsely, and 
particularly upon the veins, with black scales; a black 
dot at the inferior angle of the cell; secondaries seri- 
ceous-grey, darker and cupreous towards apex in the 
male ; fringe white, traversed near the base by a more 
or less defined grey line; head and thorax stramineous, 
abdomen pearly white ; primaries of male below blackish, 
with cream-coloured borders ; of female creamy, slightly 
ereyish in the middle; costa slghtly testaceous ; 
secondaries shining white; costal area slightly stra- 
mineous; body below pearly whitish; legs greyish. 
Eixpanse of wings—male 30 mm., female 33 mm. 

‘“* Valparaiso, in November.’ —T’. E. 


DicHELIA, Guenée. 
36. Dichelia exusta, n. 8. 

Aspect of D. rubicundana, but much larger ; primaries 
above dark laky red-brown, varying to deep reddish 
eravel-colour, with golden or pink gloss; striated and 
spotted with black, and crossed by four equidistant ill- 
defined oblique darker bands, the first and last very 
indistinct; secondaries sericeous-white, more or less 
mottled with dark grey ; head and thorax purplish brown ; 
abdomen silvery white, with slightly yellowish anal tuft ; 
primaries below dark grey-brown, the costa and external 
area washed with reddish cupreous or pale golden, and 
reticulated with blackish ; secondaries sericeous-white, 
more or less mottled with blackish ; body below golden 
or silvery whitish. Expanse of wings, 23—24 mm. 

Valparaiso. 


This species bears a strong resemblance to Zeller’s 
figure of his Sciaphila radicana; the base of primaries is 
sometimes slaty grey. 


Tortrix, Linneus. 
37. Tortrix chrysopteris, n. s. 
General aspect of a large T’. icterana; primaries 
shining golden stramineous, with faint indications of a 
few reddish reticulations; a large triangular slightly 


70 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


whiter patch, edged and reticulated with red-brown below 
the middle of the dorsal margin; secondaries pale 
cupreous-brown, greyish towards the abdominal margin, 
and with whitish fringe; body golden stramineous ; 
primaries below redder than above, and indistinctly 
reticulated with reddish throughout ; secondaries cream- 
colour, indistinctly reticulated with golden orange to- 
wards costa, and with greyish towards the abdominal 
margin; body pale stramineous; legs reddish. Expanse 
of wings, 28 mm. 


No exact locality recorded ; probably Valparaiso. 


MELANECLIA, 0. g. 


Nearest to Hulia (. ministrana) in form and general 
structure, but the antenne distinctly ciliated on both 
sides throughout, the abdomen more slender ; primaries 
with the costa distinctly more convex towards the base ; 
the apex slightly more produced, thus rendering the 
outer margin more oblique ; secondaries with the outer 
margin straight below apex, but not at all concave ; 
disco-cellulars regularly oblique. 


38. Melaneulia hecate, n. 8. 


Smoky black; primaries above changing in certain 
lights to purplish ; a reddish cupreous curved marking 
at the end of the cell; a few scales of the same colour 
on the lower half of the dorsal margin, and a few more 
-on the fringe towards apex ; head reddish ; under surface 
smoky black, without markings ; body below dull whitish. 
Eixpanse of wings, 17 mm. 


** Valdivia, in February.”—T'. E. 


This singular little species unfortunately is only repre- 
sented by one example, which has suffered somewhat in 
its capture, the thorax and base of primaries being a 
good deal rubbed and the palpi destroyed ; enough, how- 
ever, remains to characterise it. 


PutTueocuroa, Stephens. 


The single species in the collection has more than 
usually small palpi, formed as in P. rugosana, but rather 
rubbed in the type specimen; the style of coloration is 
more like that of Pygolopha, 


collected in Clili. yal’ 


39. Phtheochroa inexacta, N. Ss. 


Primaries above white, mottled with grey; a large 
black-dotted grey U-shaped spot (filled in) at the basal 
fourth of costa, and a broad irregularly angulated grey 
band striated with darker lines and dotted with black and 
reddish just before the middle; this is followed by a 
band of the ground colour, white speckled with red- 
brown, and marked in the middle with two oblique 
divergent black dashes ; a large dark grey-brown crescent- 
shaped patch, spotted with black at its upper extremity, 
fills in the external angle, and almost confluent with this 
is an oblique black-flecked subapical band of the same 
colour ; a squamose black marginal line ; fringe spotted 
with brown; secondaries sericeous whity-brown, with 
faintly indicated darker reticulations and marginal line ; 
thorax whitish, black-spotted ; abdomen sericeous whity- 
brown ; primaries below shining greyish brown, costa 
mottled with white; a blackish marginal line and two on 
the fringe; secondaries white, flecked with dark brown ; 
pectus silvery white; venter and legs dull white. Ex- 
panse of wings, 16 mm. 


‘‘ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E. 


Srricoris, T'reitschke. 
AQ. Sericoris wilkinsont, 0. 8. 


Form of S. wmbrosana; primaries above with the 
basi-dorsal half sericeous grey-brown, crossed by partly 
black-edged darker bands; the upper oblique edge of 
this area is deeply bisinuated ; externo-costal half white, 
slightly sericeous, almost obliterated on the external area 
by transverse ash-grey stripes flecked with black and 
cupreous-brown ; costal margin and fringe spotted with 
dark grey; secondaries silvery grey ; fringe white, 
traversed near the base by a slender grey line; thorax 
white, black-spotted ; abdomen silvery grey ; primaries 
below dark grey ; costa mottled with white ; secondaries 
silvery white, dotted or spotted with dark grey ; body 
below silvery whitish. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. 


“Valparaiso, November and December.” —T’. E. 


The three following species, notwithstanding their 
longer palpi, manifestly belong to the same genus ;— 


72 ~Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


Al. Sericoris cauquenensis, Ni. 8. 


Allied to S. wrticana ; primaries silvery greyish white, 
indistinctly striated with grey; base greyish, bounded 
externally by an irregular oblique abbreviated dark brown 
band, blackish and white-edged along its outer border ; 
a second similar but bronze-brown white-margined band 
just before the apical third; a subapical triangular 
bronze-brown costal spot, and a partly black-edged 
cuneiform spot or streak of the same colour along the 
centre of the outer margin; fringe pinky brown, tra- 
versed by two blackish lines ; secondaries silvery whitish, 
striated with pale grey, a grey marginal line and two 
blackish lines on the fringe ; body above grey ; primaries 
below dark shining grey; costal border spotted with 
blackish and white; a slender white line at the base of 
the fringe; secondaries sericeous-white, striated with 
erey-brown; apical area and fringe pale golden brown, 
the latter with blackish lines as above; body below 
pearly white. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. 


** Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T’. E. 


A2. Sericoris erebina, n. s. 

Certainly allied to the preceding species ; but the pri- 
maries sericeous dove-grey, crossed by about nine equi- 
distant undulated golden lines, only visible with a lens; 
secondaries shining greyish brown, with indistinct slightly 
darker striations ; fringe silvery greyish, with a basal 
white line; body above grey ; primaries below sericeous 
ereyish brown ; edge of costal margin white dotted with 
brown ; fringe with a basal white line; secondaries 
shining white, striated with grey ; costa and apical area 
slightly brownish ; body below pearly white. Hxpanse 
of wings, 19 mm. 

** Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E. 


43. Sericoris ewrydice, n. s. 


Aspect of S. urticana ; primaries above pale sericeous 
greyish brown, mottled with flesh-colour ; finely striated 
with grey lines, dotted here and there with black ; basal 
fourth dark brown, with angular black outer edge; a 
slightly irregular black-edged dark brown oblique band 
just beyond the middle, and a subapical costal dark 
brown spot ; an indistinct marginal series of grey spots ; 


collected in Chili. 1s 


fringe shining stramineous, traversed by a grey line; 
secondaries whity-brown, rather densely mottled with 
grey; fringe traversed near the base by a broad stripe of 
dark grey; body greyish brown; primaries below 
sericeous grey-brown, with faint indications of the darker 
markings of the upper surface ; costa whitish, spotted 
with black ; fringe shining stramineous, traversed by a 
well-defined grey stripe ; secondaries slightly whiter than 
above ; body below sericeous-whitish. Expanse of wings, 
16 mm. 


Probably Valparaiso. 


CHOREUTID. 
Cuorevtis, Hitbner. 
44, Choreutis bjerkandrella. 


Tinea bjerkandrella, Thunberg, Diss. Ent. (Ins. Suec.) 
i., p. 24 (1784). 


‘Valparaiso, in December.”—T". E. 


The three specimens before me all differ in size and in 
coloration ; the two larger ones scarcely showing the 
white stripe usually found on the secondaries, the larger 
of these two also wanting all the orange markings on the 
primaries, in which respect it agrees with an example in 
the Museum from Espirito Sancto; the smallest of the 
three agrees in all respects with the dwarfed form named 
by Duponchel C. pretiosana, which, according to Staud- 
inger and Wocke, is identical with Zeller’s C. australis. 


ATYCHIIDA. 
Atycuia, Latreille. 
45. Atychia triphenoides, n. s. 


Primaries above blackish piceous; fringe shining 
yellow-golden, blackish at base; secondaries golden 
orange, sericeous, borders blackish piceous; fringe 
shining yellow-golden, blackish at base; body blackish ; 
thorax clothed with grey hairs; abdomen wanting ; pri- 
maries below with a median streak from the base, turn- 
ing upwards across the extremity of the cell, yellow- 
golden; remainder of the wing purplish piceous, the 
outer half of the fringe paler and more brassy than 
above ; secondaries slightly paler than above, otherwise 


74 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


similar ; pectus and legs dark purplish piceous. Expanse 
of wings, 23 mm. 


‘* From Reed’s collection.” —7'. EL. 


I believe this to be the most beautiful species hitherto 
described. 


TINEIDA. 
Nemopnora, /Hiibner. 
46. Nemophora fasciolata, n. s. 


Creamy white, shining, with faint golden reflections ; 
primaries sordid at base and along the apical and 
external margins ; an abbreviated subangulated oblique 
brown band at basal sixth, and a second straight band 
from the median vein to just beyond the middle of the 
dorsal margin; a small dark brown spot at the inferior 
angle of the cell; body whity-brown ; legs pearl-white ; 
wings below bronzy brownish, with opaline reflections ; 
fringe white; body below white. LHxpanse of wings, 
22mm. 


** Valdivia, Reed’s collection.” —T7'. E. 
Most nearly allied to N. swammerdamella. 


HYPONOMEUTIDA. 
Ta@corHYcH?A, N. g. 


Form of wings much as in Tinea (T. arcuatella) ; 
primaries with slightly arched costa ; apex acute ; outer 
margin very oblique; fringe long; dorsal margin nearly 
straight, slightly convex at the base; secondaries ellip- 
tical, with nearly straight costal margin; apex rather 
acute; fringe long, especially at anal angle; cells of all 
the wings long; head about half the width of thorax, 
with smooth convex crest; palpi moderately long, 
extending for two-fifths of their length in front of the 
head, acuminate, slightly ascending, straight, tapering ; 
the second joint coarsely scaled, but not fringed, about 
twice the length of the third; antenne long, tapering, 
with well-developed coarse appressed silky pectinations 
in front to the commencement of their terminal fourth, 
where they taper off, and are replaced by imperfect 
serrations; body tolerably long, extending for nearly 
half its length beyond the secondaries ; thorax short, 
rounded ; abdomen slender, keeled, with small contracted 
anal tuft; legs rather long and slender; the hind tibie 
clothed with long hair. 


collected in Chilt. 75 


47. Toecorhychia cinerea, 0.8. 

Shining ash-gray ; primaries with the costa black- 
spotted beyond the middle; an oblique black spot at the 
end of the cell and an oblique series of minute black 
dashes beyond it across the disc; a slender blackish 
marginal line ; fringe cream-coloured ; secondaries paler, 
especially towards the abdominal margin; a marginal 
series of dusky dots; fringe cream-coloured ; wings 
below shining grey, with cream-coloured fringes ; pectus 
and front legs grey ; middle legs ereyish white ; venter 
and posterior legs cveam-coloured. Expanse of wings, 
22 mm. 


‘Valparaiso, in houses.” —T’. EL. 


PLUTELLIDA. 
Puurevia, Schranck. 
48. Plutella xylostella. 
Tinea xylostella, Linneus, Syst. Nat., X., p- 538. 
“ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. EL. 


GELECHIIDA. 
OrtHoTELIA, Stephens. 
49. Orthotelia increta, N. 8. 


Decidedly larger than O. sparganella, and with longer 
and more acuminate palpi; primaries above coffee-brown, 
shining, with a feeble lilac gloss ; costal margin dull 
red; external border dusky; fringe traversed by two 
black stripes and tipped with pink, which gives place to 
snow-white at external angle; discoidal spots indicated 
in dark brown ; a slightly curved transverse discal series 
of white-dotted dark brown dashes ; secondaries shining 
orey ; costa and fringe whitish, the latter traversed by 
two indistinct grey stripes; a yellowish line along the 
outer margin; head and thorax red-brown ; abdomen 
ereyish ; under surface shining whitish, irrorated with 
dark grey ; primaries with the costal margin and external 
area testaceous, and a broad elbowed band immediately 
within these (passing through the cell and across the 
disc) blackish ; secondaries with pale testaceous costal 
area and external margin; anterior and middle pairs of 
legs brownish. Expanse of wings, 30 mm. 


‘ Corral, Valdivia, in February.”—T’. E. 


76 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


Derpressaria, Haworth. 
50. Depressaria edmondsit, n. s. 


Wings above shining grey, darker towards the external 
area ; primaries tinted with pink, the base black-brown, 
with purplish reflections; a very irregular transverse 
brown band just before the middle ; costal border, from 
the commencement of this band to apex, spotted with 
blackish; an arched dusky submarginal band; a mar- 
ginal series of black dots ; fringe traversed by two dusky 
lines; secondaries somewhat silvery, with a slender 
blackish marginal line; fringe traversed near its base by 
a grey line; head and thorax purplish brown; abdomen 
grey; primaries below leaden grey; a costal black- 
spotted cream-coloured stripe curving round at apex and 
fading into a whitish marginal border; fringe rather 
more silvery than the body of the wing; secondaries 
shining white, with the costal area grey-speckled; a 
blackish interrupted marginal line ; body below shining 
whity-brown ; anterior and middle legs banded above 
with dark brown. Expanse of wings, 19 mm. 


“Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T". E. 


Heuiostises, Zeller. 
51. Heliostibes mathewi. 


Helwstibes mathewi, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. 
Gesellsch. Wien., xxiv., p. 485, n.1, pl. xii., fig. 4 
(1874). 


Valparaiso. 
Only one example was obtained by Mr. Edmonds. 


GELEcHIA, Zeller. 
52. Gelechia invenustella ? 


Gelechia invenustella, Berg, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose., 
1875, p. 240. 
“‘ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E. 


The single specimen which I think may possibly be 
referable to this species is worn and somewhat broken ; 
it is allied to G. humeralis of Europe. 


collected in Chili. 77 


53. Gelechia aterrimella ? 


Gelechia aterrimella, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxix., 
p- 590, n. 225 (1864). 


‘Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T’. E. 


Only one example having been obtained, which was 
unavoidably ruined in the attempt to relax and set it, I 
am unable to be certain of its identification. 


54. Gelechia ocelligera, ui. s. 


Allied to G. infernalis of Europe; primaries dark 
chocolate-brown ; external border greyish white, with a 
submarginal grey band extending from the inner margin 
to near the apex, where there is a rounded black spot ; 
fringe whitish, with a dark grey basal stripe ; secondaries 
shining leaden grey ; fringe creamy white, traversed by 
two greyish undulated stripes ; thorax sericeous choco- 
late-brown; abdomen leaden grey; primaries below 
shining bronze-brown, the veins beyond the middle and 
the costa towards apex streaked with white; fringe cream- 
coloured, traversed by a grey band, which is followed by 
a dark brown line; secondaries silvery white, tinted 
with bronze at apex, where there is also an abbreviated 
blackish line upon the fringe ; body below pale bronze- 
brown, coxe opaline. Expanse of wings, 16 mm. 


‘Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. EL. 


Toprutis, Hiibner. 
55. Topeutis venosa, n. 8. 


Form of Pleurota bicostella, but with the structure of 
Topeutis ; primaries above dark grey, the veins white ; 
fringe greyish white, traversed towards apex by pure 
white lines; secondaries silvery white, fringe cream- 
coloured; head and thorax greyish white; abdomen 
sericeous creamy white; primaries below and pectus 
grey ; secondaries as above ; venter silvery white. Ex- 
panse of wings, 29 mm. 


“‘ Valparaiso.”—T.. E. 


78 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


Hyprrcauuia, Stephens. 
56. Hypercallia fenestella. 


Cryptolechia fenestella, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. 
Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 489, n. 4; pl. xii., fig. 
9 (1874). 

Machimia fenestella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., xiii., 
Dp aod, H. Lt (IST7). * 


Valparaiso. 


Only one example (without abdomen) stands in Mr. 
Edmonds’ collection. 


(Ecopuora, Zeller. 


This genus contains several distinct groups which ought 
to be separated generically ; the Chilian species now to 
be described agrees most nearly in structure with @. 
sulphurella. 


57. Cicophora minnetta, n. s. 


Sericeous silvery white ; primaries with a few widely- 
scattered black scales ; base of costal border black; an 
irregular black costal patch, as in Cryptolechia roseo- 
costella, W1sm. (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, pl. xii., fig. 
26), a dusky subapical costal spot ; fringe of all the wings 
and of the posterior tibize cream-coloured; primaries 
below sericeous greyish-brown; secondaries shining 
white, with brown costa; palpi with the basal two-thirds 
of the second joint and the tip of the third joint black 
externally ; body and front legs below sericeous-brown ; 
posterior legs pearly white, the tarsi banded above with 
black. LExpanse of wings, 17 mm. 


‘Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T.. E. 


HYPERSKELES, 0. g. 


Allied to Gicophora, aspect of Dasycera; secondaries 
broader than in either genus ; the primaries rounded at 
apex, but with the external angle well defined and con- 
sequently with short fringe; antenne filiform; palpi 
slender, porrect, long and widely separated ; legs long 
and thick, but not fringed. 


collected in Chili. 79 


58. Hyperskeles choreutidea, n. 8. 


?. Black-brown; primaries with a nearly central 
abbreviated white costal dash, tapering to a point as it 
reaches the median vein, and tinted with gold upon the 
costal margin; a spot of golden ochreous within the 
cell on each side of the white dash ; a subapical silvery 
white lunule, followed by a golden ochreous apical 
border, the commencement of which upon the costa is 
indicated by a paler golden spot ; two patches of greyish 
scales on the disc ; fringe tipped with whitish ; secondaries 
crossed at basal third by an oblique sordid white band ; 
an abbreviated white central band from the costa to the 
median vein ; a diffused patch of greyish scales on the 
disc ; fringe tipped with whitish grey, white at apex ; 
abdomen crossed by slender greyish lines ; anal segment 
pearl-white ; wings below as above, but the markings 
more developed; primaries with a broad ochreous sub- 
costal band from the base to the first discoidal spot, with 
which it unites ; a distinct white spot on the disc beyond 
the end of the cell; internal border ash-grey ; secondaries 
with a broad ochreous costal band and a_ transverse 
dash of the same colour between the two white bands; a 
white subapical spot; body below pearly white, the legs 
pale brownish grey above; tarsi with white annulations. 
Expanse of wings, 14 mm. 


‘Valdivia, from Reed’s collection.” —T’. LH. 


CALLISTENOMA, 0. g. 


Allied to Stenoma, but at once distinguished by its 
palpi, the second joint being broad, compressed, and 
fringed below (not above, as in the undoubtedly allied 
genus Anchinia). See Pl. XI., fig. 8a. 


59. Callistenoma ustimacula. 


Cryptolechia ustimacula, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. 
Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 440, n. 5; pl. xii, fig. 
10 (1874). 

Machimia ustimacula, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., 
xill., p. 259, n. 23 (1877). 


‘“‘ Valparaiso, in November.’-—T. E. 


80 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


Var. zelleri. (Pl. XI., fig. 8). 

Differs from the typical form in having a rounded grey 
spot upon the disc of the primaries below the cuneiform 
costal patch, to which it is united by a pale yellowish 
nebula ; also an arched externo-discal series of dark grey 
spots, the uppermost of the series partly yellow and 
joining the inferior angle of the cuneiform patch; 
secondaries shining bronze-brown instead of white. Hx- 
panse of wings, 26 mm. 


‘“‘ Valparaiso, in November.”—T". E. 


Macuriia, Clemens. 
60. Machimia desertorwm ? 


Depressaria desertorum, Berg, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. 
Mose., 1875, p. 239, n. 52. 


“Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E. 
Whether this is or is not the true D. desertorum I have 


no means of deciding; it somewhat resembles the 
Depressaria costosa of Europe. 


CryproLecuia, Zeller. 
61. Cryptolechia fasciatipedella. 
Cryptolechia fasciatipedella, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.- 
botan. Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 487, n.2; pl. xii., 
fig. 7 (1874). 
Machimia fasciatipedella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., 
Xill,,,p. 259,m. 9 (1877). 
‘“‘ Valparaiso, in December.”—T. E. 


This species varies considerably in depth of colour, the 
primaries being in some examples reddish ochreous, and 
in others rust-red, sprinkled with grey scales. 


62. Cryptolechia ochracea. 

Cryptolechia ochracea, Geller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. 
Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 486,n.1; pl. xii, fig. 6 
(1874). 

Machimia ochracea, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., xiii., 
p- 259, n. 8 (1877). 


‘“‘ Valparaiso, in December.” —T. E. 


collected in Chilt. 81 


Very near to the preceding species, but the primaries 
chrome-yellow, with dark fringe and a more or less 
defined angular series of brown discal dots; discoidal 
spots the same ; interno-basal area broadly irrorated with 
red; secondaries white or flesh-coloured. 


63. Cryptolechia luridella. 


’ Cryptolechia luridella, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. 
Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 488, n.3; pl. xii, fig. 8 
(1874). 

Machimia luridella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Rosgs., xiii, 
p- 259, n. 19 (1877). 


Valparaiso. 
Only one example of this species was obtained. 


64. Cryptolechia phenissa, n.s. (Pl. XI., figs. 12, 12a). 


Wings sericeous carmine-red ; primaries above with a 
small triangular golden spot at outer third of dorsal 
margin; fringe at apex tipped with bright ochreous ; 
thorax purplish brown ; antenne carmine ; palpi whitish ; 
abdomen dark brown ; wings below of a clearer carmine- 
red than above ; base of secondaries and pectus bronze- 
brown ; legs and venter whity-brown. Hxpanse of wings, 
16 mm. 


‘Corral, in February.”—T. E. 


PaCHYPH@NIKX, n. g. 


Allied to Tortricopsis, but with broader wings and more 
slender body ; primaries with the second subcostal forked 
instead of the fourth; cell of secondaries broader, the 
veins arranged in the same way, but the fold within the 
cell forked beyond the middle; head narrower than in 
Tortricopsis ; the palpi with less prominent fringe to the 
second joint, not more than half the width of that in 
T’. rosabella. 


65. Pachyphoeenix sanguinea, n.s. (Pl. XL, figs. 18, 18a). 
Primaries above sericeous laky brown, slightly liacine 
towards outer margin ; an oblique greyish stripe from the 
apex to the end of the cell; secondaries sericeous cayr- 
mine-red ; body above dark brown ; wings below carmine- 
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT I. (MARCH.) G 


82- Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


red ; pectus brownish white ; anterior legs dark brown, 
middle legs purplish; hind legs pale golden yellowish, 
banded with rose-red ; venter golden yellow. Expanse 
of wings, 24 mm. 


‘Corral, in March.” —T. H. 


PALMPHATUS, N. g. 


Almost exactly the form of ‘‘ Machimia uncinella”’ of 
Zeller, but the primaries slightly more falcate, with the 
external angle a little more prominent ; secondaries with 
the discoidal cell long and narrow; the costal and sub- 
costal veins widely separated to admit a large basal 
oblong glandular swelling upon the under surface and a 
corresponding pencil of hairs (somewhat as in T'richo- 
stibas, Zeller) on the upper surface; the subcostal 
branches and the radial vein are thus crowded together, 
and the wing is longitudinally folded immediately below 
the subcostal; the median vein emits its first branch 
before the middle, and therefore at a considerable distance 
from the second ; the second and third are quite distinct ; 
the body is comparatively short for the group, barely 
exceeding the secondaries; the head broad, coarsely 
scaled, the antenne thick, rather short, tapering, cylin- 
drical, but slightly flattened in front, which causes them 
to curl inwards when dry ; palpi thick, moderately long, 
widely separated; the second joint slightly deflexed, 
about as long as the head; third joint rather more than 
half the length of the second, slightly ascending. 


66. Palephatus falsus, n.s. (Pl. XI., fig. 11). 


Aspect and style of coloration of Cerostoma, though 
wholly different in structure; primaries above shining 
golden stramineous, transversely striated with little 
brown dashes ; costa spotted with brown, and beyond the 
middle with white; fringe traversed by an imperfect 
brown stripe, and spotted externally with white; an 
abbreviated oblique brown stripe before the middle of the 
wing, and a reversed oblique brown dash towards apex ; 
secondaries shining leaden grey, paler towards the base ; 
fringe broadly tipped with white ; body cream-coloured ; 
primaries below golden brown ; secondaries bronzy grey, 
borders and fringes as above; body below cream- 


collected in Chili. 83 


coloured ; palpi and venter dotted with blackish scales. 
Expanse of wings, 24 mm. 


‘*From Reed’s collection.”—T7. EF. 


Without the lens this insect bears a remarkable 
resemblance to Cerostoma; the outline of the wings, 
. including the fringes, being the same; but whereas this 
form is produced by the fringe in Cerostoma, in the 
present genus it is the result of a sinuous outer margin. 


PISINIDEA, N. &. 


Form of Cryptolechia, excepting that the apex of the 
primaries is a little more produced, and the outer margin 
consequently more oblique ; all the veins of the primaries 
separate, not forking, but the fifth subcostal branch and 
the upper radial closely approximated; neuration of 
secondaries very similar to that of Tortricopsis; body 
moderately long and stout ; head tufted in the middle in 
front; antenne a little more compressed than in the 
preceding genus; palpi long, porrect, divergent, widely 
separated, not curving upwards at the extremity, extend- 
ing for a considerable distance in front of the head; the 
second joint thickened with coarse scales above nearly as 
in Anchinia, but the third joint comparatively longer 
than in that genus ; legs rather long and slender. 


67. Pisinidea viridis, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 10). 


Primaries above pea-green; with a rounded ferru- 
ginous spot at the end of the cell; secondaries sericeous 
whity-brown; body whity-brown; under surface rusty 
reddish ; primaries with the borders towards apex yel- 
lowish. Expanse of wings, 27 mm. 


** Chiloé ?, from Reed’s collection.” —7'. E. 


Agriocoma, Zeller. 
68. Agriocoma mimulina, n. 8. (Pl. XI., fig. 9). 


Apparently somewhat similar to Zeller’s Conchylis 
delicatulana; primaries above bright sulphur-yellow; a 
stripe along the base of the costal nervure reddish, spotted 
with blackish, and joining at basal third the commence- 
ment of a broad triangular reddish patch with blackish 
edges, which extends nearly to apex, and is spotted on 


84 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


costal margin and at its inferior angle with white; 
an externo-discal series of minute blackish dots, some- 
times obsolete ; secondaries sericeous snow-white; thorax 
above reddish, abdomen white ; wings below snow-white ; 
primaries with the basi-subcostal stripe and triangular 
patch indicated in leaden grey ; palpi and under surface 
of anterior legs reddish. Expanse of wings, 17—19 mm. 


“Valparaiso, November and December.”—T. E. 


A variety occurs in which the reddish markings above 
are strongly suffused with slaty grey. 


Linpera, Blanchard. 
69. Lindera tessellatella. 


Lindera tessellatella, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna 
Chilena,’ vil., p. 106, n. 1 (1852); Berg, Bull. 
Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., xlix., p. 286, n. 18 (1875). 

Safra bogotatella, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxix., p. 785, 
n. 1 (1864). 

Setomorpha bogotatella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. ¥y 
Xili., p. 205, n. 1 (1877). 

Chr estotes bogotatela, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 5, vol. 7, p. 401 (1881). 


No exact es recorded. 


ITHUTOMUS, N. g 


Form and style of marking of Psecadia; wings long 
and rather narrow; primaries with the costal margin 
slightly convex, the outer margin oblique, but rather less 
so than in Psecadia, inner margin nearly straight; dis- 
coidal cell long, extending almost to the second third of 
the wing; all the veins separate at their origins; costal 
vein extending to about the middle of the margin ; sub- 
costal four-branched ; the last subcostal, three radials, 
and the third median branch emitted, at about equal dis- 
tances, from the end of the cell; the second median 
close to the third; secondaries elongate-ovate; costal 
and subcostal veins nearly parallel, the latter simple, not 
forked; radial forked, emitted from a short footstalk ; 
disco-cellulars very oblique; second and third median 
branches emitted close together and widely separated 
from the first branch ; abdominal margin very convex ; 


collected in Chili. 85 


body robust; head crested; antenne thick at the base 
(broken off short in the type); palpi rather thick, 
acuminate, extending some distance in front of the head, 
curving upwards, well separated, the second and third 
joints of nearly equal length; legs rather thick and 
long, the spurs of the posterior tibiz long and thick. 


70. Ithutomus formosus, n. s. 


Somewhat resembles Zeller’s Pedisca chloroticana ; 
primaries above emerald-green, with a longitudinal irre- 
gular black streak commencing at the base of the costa, 
whence it runs obliquely to just below the submedian 
vein, thence emitting a narrow streak along the median 
vein to about its middle, where it again expands and 
throws off a transverse spur to the dorsal margin and 
terminates in a furca, partly enclosing a red-brown spot, 
close to the end of the cell; costa and dorsal margin 
black-spotted; outer half of costal margin cream- 
coloured; a large black apical patch, united to a 
cupreous-brown patch near the external angle, the two to- 
gether forming an imperfect external border ; secondaries 
whity-brown, slightly more golden towards apex ; fringe 
white; head and thorax green, spotted with black ; 
abdomen pale brown; primaries below flesh-tinted, 
slightly green on the basal two-thirds, and with the dis- 
coidal area blackish ; a few scattered minute grey spots ; 
fringe spotted with blackish ; secondaries flesh-tinted, 
greyish towards the costal and cream-tinted towards the 
abdominal border ; body pale brown; palpi green, black 
at base ; anterior and middle legs blackish, the tibize 
with a green band ; tarsi white, banded with blackish ; 
hind legs pale brown. Expanse of wings, 29 mm. 


‘* Valdivia, from Reed’s collection.”—T'. E. 


Seems most nearly allied to Walker’s genus Tamarrha, 
but differs in neuration and in its style of coloration. 


ARGYRESTHIIDA, 
AreyrestHtia, [ibner. 
71. Argyresthia conspersa, 0. 8. 

Primaries above shining golden; a tapering costal 
stripe, a similar dorsal stripe, and three oblique sub- 
parallel stripes across the external half, shining snow- | 
white, dotted here and there with black; three oblique 


86 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


white spots on the costa towards apex ; fringe golden 
at apex, otherwise whitish with a faint golden tint ; 
secondaries silvery white, the fringe slightly golden ; 
head and thorax snow-white, a golden spot on each 
shoulder ; abdomen pale shining brown ; primaries below 
pale golden brown; secondaries silvery white, with a 
tapering basi-costal golden-brown patch; fringe and 
body below white, tinted with golden. Hxpanse of 
wings, 11 mm. 


‘“‘ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.’’—T’. E. 


SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIES. 
XYLINIDA. 
Areynritis, Hiibner. 
Argyritis pura, 0.8. 


Allied to A. argentina ; primaries above golden brown, 
with a broad tapering subcostal metallic silver band from 
base to apex, widest towards the end of the cell, slightly 
arched; a narrow abbreviated silver line near the inner 
margin, and another close to the outer margin ; fringe 
pearly white ; secondaries semitransparent pearly white, 
with a bronze-brown external border, tapering towards 
the anal angle; fringe white; head and thorax chalky 
white, sordid; two contiguous bare brown spots just 
behind the head; abdomen pearly grey; primaries below 
greyish brown, with white submarginal stripe and fringe ; 
secondaries pearly white; body white; legs brownish. 
Expanse of wings, 29 mm. 


Chili. 

Received, with one or two other species, from Mr. Ed- 
monds subsequent to the completion of my papers upon 
the groups to which they were referable ; it comes nearest 
to A. argyrina of Guenée from Monte Video, but the 
latter species differs from it in having a broad internal 
band on the primaries, “‘ une large bande au bord interne, 
d’un blane d’argent brilliant,” whereas in A. pura there 
is only a slender abbreviated line. 


collected in Chili. 87 


PHALANOIDA. 
ARCHIEARIS, Hiibner. 
Archiearis pusilla, n. 8. 


Primaries above dark grey, crossed by three or four 
irregular black lines; a longitudinal orange streak, 
tapering from its outer extremity below the median vein, 
interrupted by the marginal border and outer discal line ; 
fringe with a pale brown basal line; secondaries bright 
orange; base longitudinally streaked with black; a 
rounded spot at the end of the cell, an angular discal 
stripe, and the outer margin, which is connected below 
the middle with the angular stripe, black ; body black ; 
primaries below orange-ochreous, with greyish internal 
border ; a spot at the end of the cell, and a sinuous 
discal line, black ; apex and outer margin dark brown ; 
a small white subapical costal spot; secondaries paler 
than above (pale buff excepting in the middle) with black 
markings as above ; body below grey. Expanse of wings, 
24 mm. 


‘“‘ Valparaiso, throughout the summer.”—T’. E. 


ENNOMIDA. 
EKvueonta, Hiibner. 
Hugonia undilineata, n. s. 


Cream-coloured; primaries with the basal four-fifths 
and the external border densely striated with ochreous ; 
two brownish olivaceous stripes, the first Z-shaped across 
the basal third, the second limiting the striated area 
near the external third, and widely undulated ; a black 
dot at the end of the cell; secondaries with ochraceous- 
speckled external border and testaceous fringe; a minute 
black dot at the end of the cell; thorax ochreous; head 
and abdomen pale creamy buff; under surface cream- 
coloured, sprinkled, especially on the costal areas and 
external borders, with ochraceous scales ; a few widely 
scattered minute black scales ; fringes ochreous ; a black 
spot at the end of each cell, and beyond it a wavy 
ochraceous discal stripe ; pectus ochreous; anterior legs 
above brown, banded with white ; the tarsi white, banded 
with pale brown; other legs whity-brown. Expanse of 
wings, 39 mm. 


Chili. 


88 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 


A species of the family Hepialide has been described 
by Berg in the ‘ Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argen- 
tina’ for 1882 (April to June), p. 30, n. 31, under the 
name of Aipytus dimidiatus, from Chili; it appears to 
be a large and fresh male of my Dalaca hemileuca, of 
which it will in that case be a synonym. 


Five other Geometers must be also added to Mr. Ed- 
monds’ captures :— 


An apparently new genus of Macariide, which at 
present I hesitate to name owing to its imperfect con- 
dition ; it is a pretty silvery-white species, the primaries 
crossed by an ill-defined angulated darker band, black- 
edged towards costa, and enclosing two orange spots. It 
was obtained from Reed’s collection, and was probably 
captured in Valdivia. 


The second species is an Ypsipetes, very aberrant in 
colouring, and which, therefore, puzzled me greatly. 


Ypsipetes chiloénsis, n. 8. 


Primaries above sandy yellow, sparsely speckled with 
black, and traversed by two series of black spots indi- 
cating the limits of the ordinary central belt; a third 
series upon the outer margin; an oblique blackish dash 
just above the middle of the external area ; fringe spotted 
with blackish; secondaries much whiter than the pri- 
maries, but still of a pale sandy yellow tint irrorated 
with grey ; an oblique grey dash across the abdominal 
area beyond the middle; a marginal series of depressed 
blackish spots; body coloured in accordance with the 
wings, the thorax being darker than the abdomen ; pri- 
maries below washed with smoky grey, excepting at the 
borders, which are black-speckled ; only the outer series 
of black spots visible; an additional black spot at the 
end of the cell; secondaries cream-coloured, irrorated 
with brown; a small blackish disco-cellular spot and a 
zigzag discal line; body below cream-coloured; legs 
irrorated with greyish. LExpanse of wings, 35 mm. 

‘‘Chiloé, from Reed’s collection.” —T. E. 


There are also two very worn specimens from the 
Cauquenes of what probably represent a new species of 
Selidosema: they are not good enough to describe. With 
the latter I found associated four examples of what I 


collected in Chili. 89 


believe to be Blanchard’s Tephrosia undularia (also in 
very bad condition); if I am right in my supposition, 
the species must be referred to the genus Hubolia. 


Lastly, a species of Psaliodes appears to have been 
overlooked ; it is a very distinct form, and is represented 
by three male examples in Mr. Edmonds’ collection. 


Psaliodes mathewt, n.s. 


Pale smoky brown, with a faint pink gloss; base 
darker, with angular outer edge, two parallel subbasal 
dark brown lines, followed by a blackish-edged narrow 
dark band forming the inner limit of the central belt ; a 
short distance beyond this is a second somewhat similar 
band forming the outer limit of the central belt, and 
between the two is a conspicuous small black disco- 
cellular spot; disc reddish towards the centre, crossed 
by three irregularly undulated parallel dark brown lines, 
and interrupted upon the external area by a large, almost 
wedge-shaped, greyish white patch, with sinuated inner 
edge, extending from near apex to the first median 
branch ; fringe flesh-tinted, traversed by two grey stripes, 
the inner one interrupted by a series of black spots ; 
secondaries crossed beyond the middle by three irregularly 
arched parallel grey stripes; fringe crossed by a grey 
stripe; thorax greyish ; collar varied with dark brown ; 
abdomen pale brown; under surface shining greyish 
brown, with cupreous reflections; wings crossed by a 
pale discal band, margined and intersected by three 
undulated dark grey lines; a very slender interrupted 
black marginal line ; fringe in certain lights showing the 
stripes of the upper surface. Expanse of wings, 22 mm. 


‘** Valparaiso, in March.”—T. E. 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT I. (MARCH.) H 


90 Lepidoptera collected in Chili. 


EXPLANATION OF PuaTE XI. 


Fic. 1. Phycopterus flavellus, Blanch., p. 54. 
2. P. signariellus, Blanch., p. 54. 

3. Taseopteryx sericea, Butl., p. 64. 

4, Gnectra fulvaria, Blanch., p. 68. 

5. Arctopoda maculosa, 9, Butl., p. 67. 
6. Teras blanchardii, Butl., p. 64. 

7. T. walsinghamii, Butl., p. 65. 

8. Callistenoma zelleri, Butl., p. 80. 

8a. Palpus of the same. 

9. Agriocoma mimulina, Butl., p. 83. 
9a. Palpus of the same. 

10. Pisinidea viridis, Butl., p. 83. 

11. Palephatus falsus, Butl., p. 82. 

12. Cryptolechia phenissa, Butl., p. 81. 
12a. Palpus of the same. 

13. Pachypheniz sanguinea, Buil., p. 81. 
13a. Palpus of Pachypheniz. 


a) ee) 


IV. Revision of the species included in the genus Tropi- 
sternus (fam. Hydrophilide). By D. Smarp. 


[Read December 6th, 1882.] 


In working out the Hydrophilide for the ‘ Biologia Cen- 
trali-Americana,’ I found so much difficulty in discrimi- 
nating the species of T’ropisternus, and such great con- 
fusion prevailing about those already described, or, 
perhaps I should rather say, named, that I have been 
obliged to submit the whole of the genus to a careful 
revision. For this purpose I have used only the speci- 
mens extant in my own collection, and a set of types of 
the North American species kindly lent me by Dr. Horn: 
but as several of the older French collections have come 
into my possession, I have had sufficient material to 
enable me to elucidate most of the species enumerated 
in the Munich Catalogue, and to distinguish a few new 
ones. The difficulty of identifying the older descriptions 
is extreme; for these insects, like most other water- 
beetles, are very similar to one another in colour, form, 
and such minor characters as in other families of 
Coleoptera are readily perceived, and make the dis- 
tinction of species by cursory inspection easier than it is 
in the case of the water-beetles. Careful examination 
has revealed some important characters for grouping the 
species, and when the structural characters, by which 
the members of the different groups are characterised, 
are appreciated, the task of discriminating the species 
becomes comparatively easy, for it is frequently species 
of two quite different groups that bear the greatest super- 
ficial resemblance to one another. Even after all my 
efforts, however, I leave a great many questions of 
specific identity unsolved, and it is quite possible that 
the species are considerably more numerous than those 
the method I have adopted has induced me to promul- 
gate. Among the first points to which I directed my 
attention was the finding of an external means of dis- 
tinguishing the two sexes; for the front feet, which are 
usually of such assistance for this purpose, arein Tropi- 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) I 


92 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


sternus quite similar in the males and females. I have 
found, however, that in the males of a great number of 
the species there is a small tooth or spine on the under 
surface of the inner claw on the hinder and middle feet ; 
and although there are a few species in which I have not 
detected this external sexual mark, I believe it will ulti- 
mately be found to exist in all species of the genus. In 
a few species there is a peculiar sexual difference in the 
sculpture of the mentum, the males having this part more 
densely punctate than the other sex. These are the 
only certain external sexual characters I have been able 
to detect. 

In the hope that the structure of the cedeagus might 
afford a means of distinguishing the species, I have 
examined it in several forms selected for the purpose, 
but I find that not only is this organ remarkably minute 
in the species of this genus, but that it is also exces- 
sively similar even in very widely different species. 

The difficulty of distinguishing the species is increased 
by the fact that two forms of what I may call adventitious 
sculpture exist in certain individuals of several species. 
The first of these peculiar sculptures is a pitting of the 
surface, giving rise to a variolose appearance, and often 
occurring with great regularity over the whole of the 
upper surface ; this peculiarity, which is not, I believe, 
variation, but more probably dependent on some physical 
condition to which the specimen possessing it is sub- 
jected during its metamorphosis from the pupal condition, 
occurs in numerous other Hydrophilide and Dytiscide, 
and is not unfrequently alluded to by describers as being 
a specific character. The second form of adventitious 
sculpture consists in the appearance in certain individuals 
of two lines of punctures near the outer margin of the 
wing-case, or near the suture; this character also can 
scarcely be considered variation, but I believe it depends 
on the fact that although the species of the genus 
appear externally to be without series of punctures on 
the wing-cases, yet in reality these exist in the interior 
of this part (they are in fact more or less conspicuous 
on the inner face of the wing-case according to the con- 
dition of the membrane covering this face) and become 
occasionally evident externally if the chitinous sub- 
stance be a little thinner than usual, or from some other 
cause. 

After eliminating these sources of confusion, and after 


included in the genus Tropisternus. 93 


arranging the species in groups, there is still much 
difficulty in distinguishing the species, owing to the 
variability in some other points. The most important 
of these is the spine or carina frequently apparent on 
the last ventral segment; this in certain species, e. g., 
H. apicipalpis, is very constant in its size and form, but 
in others (especially in H. lateralis) it is excessively 
variable, unless it be the case that more than one 
species is mixed together in these cases of apparent 
variability. There seems some probability that this 
latter may be the case, because in the species last named 
the crest is quite absent in South American individuals, 
but is nearly always present in individuals from the 
United States of North America. In Central American 
individuals it is present in various degrees of develop- 
ment. 

A fact of some interest is the presence in numerous 
species of the genus of an excessively fine squamosity on 
the polished surfaces of the hind tibie and tarsi. This 
is somewhat similar to what we find existing more con- 
spicuously in Hretes, of the family Dytiscide ; it is ex- 
cessively delicate and very easily removed, and is of 
interest to the evolutionist inasmuch as it may be con- 
sidered to be the remnant of a structure formerly more 
developed, but now in process of disappearing. This 
peculiarity may be well observed in the common species, 
T. nitens, Cast. 

It is still more interesting to observe that in the case 
of Hretes and Tropisternus this peculiarity of the 
squamose swimming legs is accompanied by another 
common to the two, and almost (if not altogether) con- 
fined to them amongst their allies, viz., the existence on 
the epipleural margin of short rigid spines. In the 
T'ropisternt each of these spines is inserted in a large 
puncture or depression, the shape of which apparently 
adapts it to receive the spine when depressed, and there 
is no doubt these spines are mobile and capable of being 
depressed or erected; these peculiarities present some 
valuable specific characters, and may be seen to advan- 
tage in Hydrophilus apicipalpis. 

In discussing the characters of some of the species I 
have made use, in speaking of some punctures on the 
head and thorax, of the term ‘systematic punctures ” ; 
I allude by this to some punctures which are present 
with great constancy in the Hydrophilide on these parts 


94 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


of the body. On the head there is a series on the 
clypeus commencing on each side in front of the eye 
and extending forwards, till near the front of the clypeus 
it changes its direction by a curve, extending backwards, 
and converging with its fellow of the other side towards 
the mesial line of the back of the clypeus ; besides this 
looped series there is a patch of punctures on the inner 
margin of the eye; on the thorax there is a lateral line 
of punctures placed at a little distance from the side 
about the middle of the length, and there is also an 
anterior series consisting of two or three punctures 
placed near the front of the thorax behind the eye on 
each side. I have not made so much use, as I think I 
might have done with advantage, of these systematic 
punctures, and content myself with pointing them out 
and recommending that attention should be paid to them 
by future students. 

As regards the validity of the genus T'ropisternus, I 
must say that though it has not been admitted by some 
of our best entomologists, it appears to me incontestable. 
It was established by Solier in the ‘ Annales de la Société 
entomologique de France,’ 1834, p. 308, by a dismember- 
ment from Hydrophilus, in which its species had before 
been included ; it differs from Hydrophilus by the different 
proportions of the articulations of the maxillary palpi, 
the penultimate joint of which is shorter than the ter- 
minal one, while in Hydrophilus the contrary proportion 
prevails; the ventral segments in T'ropisternus are 
entirely pubescent, while in Hydrophilus they always 
have a large glabrous area. There are also other minor 
differences, of which an important one is the size of the 
individuals: the largest T'ropisternus only attains about 
15 mm. of length, while the smallest Hydrophilus has 
about 25 mm., and the largest attains about 45 mm. 
I think it is clear that we have here an aggregate quite 
distinct from Hydrophilus. 

Altogether I have discriminated thirty-five species, 
but two of these form a distinct new genus on account 
of the structure of the margins of the wing-cases ; the 
other thirty-three species are arranged in ten groups, the 
ten groups forming two very distinct sections. In the 
Munich Catalogue “of Coleoptera thirty-two species are 
recorded under ‘the genus ; of these some half-dozen are 
mere synonyms ; one must be rejected as not belonging 
to the genus; and about half a dozen others cannot be 


included in the genus Tropisternus. 95 


identified with any species I know. At the end of this 
paper I have added some short observations on these 
doubtful names. 


SrctTion A. 


Posterior tibize entirely destitute of cilia (or swimming- 
hairs). This section comprises six groups. 


Group 1. Species having the fissure on the middle of the 
prosternum open in front as well as below. (Species 
1 to 6). Inall the other groups the divided prosternum 
as closed in front. 


The insects combined in this group appear to be 
extremely closely allied, the distinctions being chiefly in 
the details of coloration. They all have the upper 
surface yellow, with metallic green parts on the head, 
thorax, and elytra: these green marks are placed on the 
posterior part of the head; on the middle of the thorax ; 
and on the wing-cases, where they are longitudinal stripes 
or vittz ; in certain species some or all of these metallic 
marks become of increased extent so as nearly to cover the 
whole area of the part on which they are situated, but 
the margins always remain pale. In other respects the 
Species agree very closely. The epipleural margin is 
punctate, but the upper edge, on which the punctures 
are placed, is very narrow, so that the punctures readily 
escape observation, although they are in fact large and 
placed very close to one another; they bear no visible 
spines, but when the tip of the finger or the edge of a 
hard instrument is passed over them they are found to 
be extremely asperate ; they are confined to the posterior 
half or two-thirds of the margin, no trace of them being 
visible on the basal portion. The upper inner face of 
the hind tibia is highly polished, but when examined 
with a good magnifying-power is seen to be obsoletely 
sculptured, the shallow punctures being filled up by an 
extremely fine squamosity. The outer face of the tibia 
is asperate, with coarse punctures and erect spines, and 
the line of demarcation between the armed outer face 
and the smooth inner one is straight, being formed by 
a series of coarse punctures ; the posterior punctures of 
this series are not closer to one another than are the 
basal punctures; they do not diverge (or encroach) on 
the smooth inner face and are not armed with fine erect 
sete. ‘I'he sternal spine is very acuminate, not flat, 


96 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


much curved away from the body, and is quite as long 
as the space between the middle and hind coxe. The 
pubescent space on the base of the hind femur is of 
moderate size, covering about one-fourth of the whole 
area of the lower face. The tooth on the claw of the 
middle and hind feet of the male is placed quite near the 
apex, and there is no other external mark of distinction 
between the sexes, so far as I can observe. The last 
ventral segment is unarmed, except that there exist 
two or three elongate sete in the middle near the hind 
margin. The uniformity in structure of the species 
appears very complete, and if it were not for the absence 
of intermediate forms they might all be considered as 
varieties of one widely-distributed species. 

As regards the peculiarity on which I have specially 
based the group, I may remark that it was first pointed 
out by Leconte, and that one effect of the peculiarity is 
to allow a more complete contraction of the prothorax on 
to the after-body, owing to the raised mesosternal keel 
being able to pass slightly beyond the front margin of 
the fissured prosternum. ‘The group will no doubt 
ultimately be treated as a distinct genus. 


1. Tropisternus scutellaris, Cast. 

Cast., Hist. Nat., ii., p. 54. 

Hydrophilus lepidus, Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., Ins., p. 57. 

Brazil. (Buenos Ayres). 

This species is very closely allied to Hydrophilus 
collaris, but the metallic lines on the wing-cases are 
extremely diminished, and, indeed, are represented only 
by four small, short streaks placed near the suture, two 
just behind the middle and two near the extremity ; one 
or more of these small streaks is occasionally quite 
obliterated. The epipleural margin is provided with 
punctures which, although they do not reach to the 
shoulder, are more distinct in front than they are in 
H. collaris. The under or inner claw on each of the 
middle and hind feet is in the male dentate near the 
extremity ; this is the only external sexual character I 
can detect. 


This species appears to be rare. 


included in the genus Tropisternus. 97 


2. Hydrophilus collaris, Fab. 
Fab., Ent. Syst., 1., p. 184. 
Tropisternus collaris, Cast., Hist. Nat., il., p. 54. 


South America, from Caracas to Entre Rios ; Panama ; 
Mexico ?; St. Domingo ?. Panama; Caracas, Cumana ; 
Colombia ; Ega, Tapajos; Bahia; Rio de J aneiro; Santa 
Cruz. 

In this species the yellow elytra are marked with 
longitudinal stripes of a metallic-green lustre. These 
stripes are four in number, in addition to the suture, 
which also is green ; they are not quite straight, and are 
usually broader than the spaces of the yellow ground 
colour by which they are separated ; behind the middle 
two or more of them frequently unite; the 2nd and 8rd 
of these green stripes are longer behind than the other 
two, and when carefully examined it is seen that their 
hinder parts are portions grafted (as it were) on to the 
anterior portions, there being left a more or less distinct 
irregularity at the point of juncture, which is an over- 
lapping one; the lateral portion of the wing-cases is 
always broadly pale. 

The species is apparently a very abundant one in 
South America, and varies a little in colour, but not 
very much; the metallic mark on the middle of the 
thorax varies a little in width, and is sometimes a mere 
line, and is never quite half as broad as it is long, but 
its width and definiteness are frequently rendered in- 
distinct by its being surrounded by a cloud of fuscous or 
dark colour, probably the result of decomposition of the 
prothoracic muscular tissue. The epipleural margin is 
very fine behind the middle, so that the punctures on it 
are not easily detected, and cannot be traced at all in 
front of the hind border of the posterior coxe. 


St. Domingo was given as the locality for an individual 
in Doué’s collection; and in that of the late W. W. 
Saunders there were several individuals labelled Mexico. 


3. Tropisternus proximus, 0. 8. 
Superne testaceus, vertice, linea mediali prothoracis, 
scutello, lineis quatuor elytrorum aliisque fractis inter- 
jectis viridi-metallicis. Long. 9—10 mm. 


Cuba. 


98 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


This differs only from Hydrophilus collaris, Fab., by 
the fact that the green marks I have spoken of in 
H. collaris as being grafted on to the posterior portions 
of the 2nd and 8rd green lines on the wing-cases are in 
T’. proximus not joined thereto, but are continued for- 
wards on the yellow interstice as separate (more or less 
broken up) lines. In 7’. mexicanus these intercalated 
lines exist entire, not broken up as in JT’. proximus. 
Whether this peculiarity of markings really indicates a 
distinct species I cannot say, but it appears to me at any 
rate an interesting local race; and I could not say 
whether, if a race, it is an offset from T'ropisternus 
meaicanus or from Hydrophilus collaris. 

The individuals in my possession are from old French 
‘collections, and some of them are labelled ‘ approi- 
matus,’’ but I have preferred a shorter trivial name. 


4. Tropisternus mexicanus, Cast. 


Cast., Hist. Nat., i, p. 54; Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., 
pus 219 oo, spiel, fos 


Central America, from Mexico to Nicaragua. 


In this species there are six elongate green lines on 
each wing-case ; in some individuals these lines are con- 
nected together into one large mass of dark colour by 
an infuscation or discoloration of the surface, and in 
such specimens there usually exists also a dark cloud 
round the central mark on the thorax ; examples in this 
state resemble extremely the North American H. strio- 
latus, but the punctuation of the wing-cases is less fine 
in this latter species. The sculpture of the epipleural 
margin is quite as indistinct in 7’. mexicanus as it is in 
Hydrophilus collaris. 


5. Hydrophilus striolatus, Lec. 
Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 357. 
North America. (Southern United States) ; (Mexico ?). 


This is very closely allied to 7’. mexicanus, but the 
punctuation of the wing-cases is evidently coarser and 
more distinct, and the sculpture of the epipleural margin 
can be traced further forwards; the yellow intervals 
separating the green lines are usually very small, and 
frequently cannot be detected at all; the metallic colour 


included in the genus Tropisternus. 99 


on the thorax occupies the greater portion of its area, 
leaving frequently only a narrow irregular border pale. 
The specimens before me seem to indicate that there may 
possibly be two distinct species mixed in collections, one 
characterised by the complete confluence of the metallic 
lines on the wing-cases, and the large development of 
the metallic colour on the thorax would then be new. I 
have an individual of this dark form labelled as being 
from New York, but I do not know whether this be 
correct, and Leconte records the species only from the 
Southern States. The Mexican habitat requires con- 
firmation, as it is given on the authority of an individual 
from an old French collection labelled ‘‘ H. strigatus, 
Chevrolat, Mexique.” 


6. Tropisternus parananus, Ni. 8. 


Superne viridi-fuscus, pernitidus, limbo testaceo; 
pedibus testaceis, femoribus basi nigricantibus. Long. 
9 mm. 

Parana. 

This species is similar in colour to Hydrophilus strio- 
latus, but in sculpture to H. collaris. The head and 
- thorax are of a metallic colour, with the front margin of 
the former and the sides of the latter yellow. The stripes 
on the elytra are placed as in the South American 
species, but are connected by fuscous colour into a large 
mass of dark colour, leaving only the lateral margin 
yellow. The sculpture of the epipleural margin is quite 
as indistinct as it is in H. collaris. 


I have before me only a single individual. 


Group 2. Sternal spine flat and broad, quite short, not 
extending further backwards than the first visible 
ventral suture; maxillary palpi shorter than in any of 
the other species ; setigerous punctures on each side of 
prothorax agglomerated into a small depression having 
the appearance of a single large puncture; pubescent 
area on posterior femur almost absent. (Species 7 
to 9). 


The species of this group appear to be rarer than the 
other Tropisterni ; their individuals have the upper sur- 
face unicolorous, and the epipleural margin is either 


100 Mr. D. harp’s revision of the species 


crenate-punctate or smooth. I have not found amongst 
the individuals in my collection any with the claws 
toothed, and am not aware that any external mark by 
which the sexes may be distinguished exists. 


7. Tropisternus breviceps, n.s. 


Crassus, latus, sat convexus, niger, nitidus, parum 
metallescens, palpis concoloribus, crebre subtiliter punc- 
tulatus ; mento fortiter punctato ; elytrorum linea mar- 
ginali levigata. Long. 11 mm., lat. 6} mm. 


Brazil (from Reiche’s collection under the name of 
T’. crassus). 


I have before me only a single individual of this 
peculiar species, remarkable for its short broad form. 
The palpi are remarkably short, and are dark in colour. 
The mentum is shining, but is deeply and rather coarsely 
punctate. The posterior punctures of the clypeal series 
are reduced to two or three on each side; the punctures 
near the inner margin of the eye are numerous, but are 
irregularly placed. The hind tibie have a series of 
punctures bordering their smooth internal face; each of 
these punctures bears a short fine spine, the series does 
not extend to the apex, and the terminal punctures are 
not different from the others. The sternal spine is 
short and broad, and its apex is carinate in the middle. 
The last ventral segment is not carinate, but bears at 
the extremity a minute and short, rather thick, pencil of 
sete. The pubescent area of the posterior femur is 
confined to a small space extending along the anterior 
margin. 

8. Tropisternus brevicollis, Sharp. 
Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2. p. 56, pl. u1., f. 4. 
Mexico. 


Allied to JT’. breviceps, but of much narrower form, 
with the surface less punctate, and the clypeal and 
orbital punctures still more reduced; the mentum is less 
punctate ; the sternal spine not so short and broad, not 
carinate; the last ventral segment plicate along the 
middle, the fold, however, but little elevated. The unique 
individual in my possession was compared with Dejean’s 
collection of Hydrophilus by Mulsant at the time this 
passed into the possession of the Lyons Museum, and 
was marked as a species ‘‘ not in Dejean’s collection.” 


included in the genus T'ropisternus. 101 


9. Hydrophilus nitidulus, Brullé. 

Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., Ins., p. 55. 

Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) ; (Mexico, in coll. Laferté). 

This species is readily to be distinguished from the 
others of its group by the punctate or crenate epipleural 
margin, the sculpture not, however, extending to the 
base. The hind legs are elongate and slender, the mar- 
ginal series of punctures has the apical punctures so 
crowded together as to be nearly confluent into a groove, 
and each bearing a fine, short, erect seta. The apical 
ventral segment is strongly carinate, and the apex of the 
carina projects as a short spine. 


The individual, supposed to be from Mexico, is of 
smaller size than the Brazilian examples, and is of more 
metallic colour, and the apex of the abdominal carina is 
less spinose. It may prove to belong to a different 
species. The specimen is unfortunately in very bad 
condition. 


Group 8. Sternal spine flat and broad, rather short, but 
extending backwards a little beyond the first ventral 
suture; maxillary palpi elongate ; setigerous punctures 
on each side of prothorax agglomerated into a small 
depression ; pubescent area on posterior femur of 
moderate extent; posterior tibia with its smooth inner 
face limited above by a series of punctures which do 
not extend to the extremity, the apical punctures 
crowded so as to be almost confluent into a groove, 
which diverges slightly on to the polished inner face, 
and each bearing a fine, short, erect seta. (Species 
10 to 18). 


The species of this group are apparently not common, 
and are very closely allied in all structural points, 
although one of them is remarkable from the unusual 
development of the eyes. ‘The size and form of the 
pubescent area on the hind femur seems very similar in 
all the species ; at the hind margin its limit extends just 
beyond the apex of the trochanter, and stretches across 
the femur in an oblique manner, reaching further out- 
wards as it goes forwards, so that on the front margin it 
extends about two-fifths of the length of the femur; 
altogether it covers about one-fourth of the whole area 
of the lower face of the femur. 


102 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


10. Tropisternus oculatus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 58, pl. il, f. 6. 
Mexico; South America; Colombia. 


This species may be readily distinguished from all 
others known to me by the larger eyes; the upper sur- 
face is of an olivaceous tint, and the maxillary palpi, as 
well as the ventral spine, are very elongate. In the 
individual labelled ‘“‘ New Grenada” in my collection the 
systematic punctures near the side of the thorax are not 
concentrated into so minute a fovea as they are in other 
individuals. The habitat Mexico is undoubtedly correct, 
Mr. Godman haying recently received two individuals 
from Presidio; the species existed in Doué’s collection, 
labelled ‘‘ H. congener, South America”; it was also in 
Reiche’s collection, labelled ‘‘H. xanthopus, Reiche, 
Colombie,” and in Laferté’s, where it was ticketed ‘‘ New 
Grenada.” 


11. Tropisternus flavipalpis, nu. 8. 

Superne niger, metallico-tinctus, antennarum. basi 
palpisque testaceis, pedibus rufis, femoribus basi nigris ; 
. subtilius punctatus, pernitidus; elytrorum linea margi- 
nali subtiliter crenato-punctata, in dimidio basali levi- 
gata ; abdominis apice sat longe spinoso. Long. 11 mm., 
lat. 64 mm. 


Mexico (from W. W. Saunders’ collection). 


This is very similar to 7’. oculatus, but the eyes are 
not so largely developed, and the ventral spine is less 
elongate. Although I have described the epipleural line 
as without punctures on the anterior half, yet by careful 
examination, with a very strong lens, of a perfectly 
cleaned specimen, very minute punctures can be detected. 
The only individual I have seen is apparently a male, 
but the tooth on the claws is placed at the extreme base, 
on the swollen part of the claw, and thus is not easily 
detected. 


12. Tropisternus chontalensis, Sharp. 
Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 57. 
Central America. 


This is extremely close to 7’. flavipalpis, but the legs 
are darker, and the apical ventral segment bears a very 


included in the genus T'ropisternus. 103 


strongly elevated carina, the apex of which is liberated 
so as to form only a very short spine. The unique in- 
dividual appears tobe afemale; at any rate I can detect 
no trace of a tooth on the claws. 


13. Tropisternus robustus, n. s. 


Niger, superne subviolaceo-tinctus, antennarum basi 
palpisque testaceis; subtilius punctatus, pernitidus, 
elytris versus apicem fere levigatis; elytrorum linea 
marginali fortiter punctata; abdominis apice longius 
spinoso. Long. 12 mm., lat. 7 mm. 


Ecuador (found by Mr. Buckley). 


Var.-Femoribus versus apicem rufescentibus, abdo- 
minis spina paulo minore. (Hab. Cayenne ?; from Doué’s 
collection under the name of Hydrophilus femoratus, 
Buquet). 

This species is rather more robustly built than its 
allies, and may be readily identified by the sculpture of 
the epipleural margin, which is conspicuous along the 
whole length. I have not detected a tooth, in the few 
Specimens at my disposal, on the claws. The two indi- 
viduals found by Mr. Buckley have the legs darker than 
those from the old French collections, and it is possible 
that ultimately these latter may prove distinct. 


Group 4. Sternal spine very elongate and not in the least 
flattened, much curved away from the body; other 
characters as in Group 8. A single species only is yet 
known, viz. :— 


14. Hydrophilus latus, Brulle. 
brulle, Voy. d’Orb.,.Ins., p. 55, pl. iv., f. 3. 
Monte Video. 


This species is an extremely remarkable one from the 
large size of its individuals and the greatly developed 
sternal spine; thus it can be confounded with none other 
of the species without cilia on the hind tibia. I find a 
variation in the length of the sternal spine, which in 
certain individuals extends quite as far back as the third 
ventral suture, while in others it is a little shorter; I 
think it possible these latter may be the females. I 
have not detected any other character- by which I can 


104 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


distinguish the sexes. The epipleural margin is con- 
_ Spicuously punctured up to the base, and the ventral 
spine is elongate and rather slender. 


Group 5. Sternal spine broad and rather flat and short, 
but extending beyond the first ventral suture ; pubescent 
area of posterior femur of large extent, occupying about 
one-half of the lower face of the femur; last ventral 
segment armed with elongate spine; stature large. 
(Species 15 to 17). 


15. Hydrophilus apicipalpis, Chev. 
Chev., Col. Mex., fase. 3. 
Mexico; Guatemala ; Colombia ; Cayenne. 


This species is of large stature, and usually black in 
colour, with a slight eneous tinge, but occasionally the 
surface shows somewhat brilliant metallic reflections ; 
the punctuation of the wing-cases is very dense and even, 
and, although very fine, is quite distinct, and there may 
always be detected (when a specimen is well cleaned) on 
each wing-case the rudiments of seven or eight striz 
formed by lines of very fine punctures. The form is 
peculiar, the hind portion of the wing-cases is more 
elongate than usual, and so the posterior part of the body 
appears more acuminate. The male has a very fine 
tooth at the base of the under claw on the middle and 
hind feet. 


16. Tropisternus chalybeus, Cast. 
Cast., Hist. Nat. ii., p. 58. 


T. nitidus, Cast., l.c. 
Hydrophilus chalybeatus, Curt., Trans. Linn. Soe. xix., 


p. 42 
Mexico ; Guatemala; Panama; Colombia; Cayenne ; 
Amazons (from water standing in a canoe, Rio Sappo, 
21st Nov., 1874, Prof. Trail) ; Brazil; Guadeloupe. 


This species is readily distinguished by the beautiful 
colour of the upper surface, which is violet, purple, or 
blue. It varies a good deal in size and in the colour of 
the legs, but I am unable at present to distinguish more 
than one species. I have preferred the trivial name of 
chalybeus to that of nitidus, although the two were pub- 
lished at the same time, because there exists also a 
nitidulus and a nitens in the genus. 


included in the genus Tropisternus. 105 


17. Tropisternus crassus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 55. 
Guatemala. 


Very closely allied to T. chalybeus, and approached on 
one or more points by some of the varieties of that 
species, but of shorter and broader form, with the legs 
shorter, and the pubescent area on the femora compara- 
tively a little larger. 


Group 6. Sternal spine not flat, acuminate, of moderate 
length, extending nearly or quite to 2nd ventral suture ; 
pubescent area of posterior femur of moderate extent 
(occupying about one-fourth of the whole area of the 
lower face) ; last ventral segment unarmed. (Species 
18 and 19). 


The two species of this group are not closely allied. 
T.. nitens is variable in size and form, and is more likely 
to cause difficulty in its identification than any other 
species of the genus, owing to the superficial resemblance 
it possesses to species of other groups. J’. ovalis, on 
the other hand, is, by its small size and peculiar form, 
more readily distinguished at a glance than any other 
species of the genus. In both species the epipleural 
margin is punctate even at the base. 


18. Tropisternus nitens, Cast. 
Cast., Hist. Nat., i1., p. 54. 


From Mexico to Rio de Janeiro. (Mexico; Guatemala ; 
Colombia; Venezuela; Demerara; Bahia; Rio de 
Janeiro ; Santa Cruz). 


In this species the 6th joint of the antenna is slightly 
larger than in most others of the genus, but is a good 
deal smaller than it is in 7. ovalis. It is one of the 
- most abundant species of the genus, and varies much ; 
the length is between 64 mm. and 103} mm.; the colour 
of the upper surface is usually shining black, but some- 
times is strongly metallic; the form is rather narrow, 
and sometimes attenuate behind, sometimes rounded, 


106 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


19. Tropisternus ovalis, Cast. 
Cast., Hist. Nat., ii., p.54; Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., 
1.5. Pb. 25 lene ele Oe 
From Mexico to Bahia. Oaxaca; Guatemala; Co- 
lombia (Coll. Reiche) ; Bahia (Coll. Castlenau). 


The individuals of this species are of smaller size 
than others of the genus, except the smallest individuals 
of T’. nitens ; the form is peculiarly short and broad, the 
createst width being near the extremity behind, and the 
punctuation of the upper surface is more distinct and 
less dense than usual; these characters, in combination 
with the unusual development of the 6th joint of the 
antenna, permit the easy identification of the species ; it 
appears to be rare in collections. 


Srotion B. 


Posterior tibie with an elongate series of swimming- 
hairs placed in a groove extending along the outer mar- 
gin of their upper-inner face, from the knee to near the 
extremity. 

This section comprises groups 7 to 10. The species in 
this section are more closely allied inter se than are many 
of the species of the A section, and I have separated 
them into groups merely to facilitate the determination 
of species. 


Group 7. Upper surface without yellow cincture, the mar- 
gins being nearly or quite concolorous ; epiplewral 
margin distinctly punctate from the humeral angle to 
near the extremity. (Species 20 to 27). 


In this group I have placed eight species; the first 
two of these, T'ropisternus concolor and Hydrophilus 
ellipticus, have the lateral systematic punctures on the 
thorax reduced to one or two on each side, while in all 
the other species they form a short, sometimes irregular, 
line of five or six punctures. In all the species the 
sternal spine is of moderate length, or is rather elon- 
gate; it is never short or flattened beneath ; the pube- 
scent area at the base of the hind femur is either small 
or very small. The armature of the last ventral seg- 
ment is very variable in this group of species. 


included in the genus Tropisternus. 107 


20. T'ropisternus concolor, Sharp. 
Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 87. 
Mexico and Guatemala. 


This species, by the deep coarse punctures on the epi- 
pleural margin, resembles 7’. nigrinus, but T’. concolor is 
of shorter and broader form, more rounded behind, with 
the sculpture of the upper surface excessively fine, and 
the systematic punctures at the side of the thorax are 
more concentrated, for, while in 7’. nigrinus they form a 
moderately short line, in 7’. concolor they are nearly or 
quite concentrated into a group placed in a small round 
depression. 


21. Hydrophilus ellipticus, Lec. 
Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 368. 
North America (New Mexico, California, Utah). 


This species is readily distinguished from its North 
American allies by the fact that the systematic punc- 
tures on the side of the thorax are much reduced, there 
being only two, placed very near one another (or even 
amalgamated), but occasionally at a distance on one or 
both sides of these may be seen another much finer 
puncture, marking the beginning or end of the series as 
it exists in other species. The form is broader and more 
obtuse behind than it is in H. californicus and H. sub- 
levis ; the upper surface is very polished, and its sculp- 
ture extremely fine; the punctures on the epipleural 
margin are very distinct from the shoulder backwards ; 
the sternal spine is formed much as in H. californicus ; 
on the last ventral segment there is only a very obscure 
carina, and the pubescent area at the base of the pos- 
terior femur is small; the legs are dark, but marked 
with yellow. There appears to be little or no sexual 
difference in the sculpture of the mentum. 


I have seen only three individuals, from California 
and Utah. 


22. Tropisternus nigrinus, Boh. 


Boh., Eugen. Resa, Coleoptera, p. 22. 


Brazil; Rio Grande, Parana, Corrientes; Monte 
Video (fide Boheman). 


TRANS. ENT. Soc, 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) K 


108 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


This species bears an extreme resemblance to some of 
the varieties of 7’. nitens, but can be readily distinguished 
by the ciliate posterior tibie. The sternal spine is 
rather short and stout, not extending quite so far as the 
hind margin of the 2nd ventral segment; it is punctate, 
but not quite flat, and is thick in the vertical direction. 
The apical ventral segment has only the rudiment of a 
carina. The punctuation of the elytra is very fine, that 
of the epipleural margin quite coarse, even at the base. 
The legs are rather short and stout, usually dark in 
colour, and the upper face of the hind tibia is rather 
closely squamose-punctate. 

I have had some doubt in determining this to be 
Boheman’s TJ’. nigrinus, but, although he does not 
allude to the important facts as to the condition of the 
tibie, epipleural margin, &c., his description on the 
whole accords better with this species than with any 
other I know, and I have therefore applied his name to 
it. Most of the individuals I have seen are from old 
French collections, and are labelled either ‘‘ ebenus, De}.,”’ 
or “‘ geniculatus, Klug.” 


23. Hydrophilus ochripes, Curt. 
Curt., Trans. Linn. Soce., xix. (1845), p. 443. 


Chili; Bolivia ; Southern Brazil; La Plata; Buenos 
Ayres ; Monte Video ; Corrientes ; Rio de Janeiro. 

In this species the legs are nearly always yellow; 
the punctuation of the upper surface is fine and regular, 
but quite distinct ; although the epipleural margin is not 
broad, its punctuation is quite distinct even at the 
shoulder ; the sternal spine is slender and elongate, 
reaching as far as the extremity of the 2nd ventral seg- 
ment, and is without punctures ; there is only a very faint 
indication of any carina on the last ventral segment. 
The more slender elongate and glabrous sternal spine 
readily distinguishes this species from 7’. nigrinus. 

The description of Curtis, though brief and without 
allusion to any of the most important characters, applies 
better to this species than to any other known to me, 
and as the habitat he gives (‘‘ Valparaiso and Brazil ’’) 
also agrees, I have used his name without much hesita- 
tion ; he describes the upper surface as being “‘ piceous, 
with a violet tint”; this is sometimes the case, but more 
frequently itis nearly pure shining black. 

The species appears to be a common one, 


included in the genus Tropisternus. 109 


24. Hydrophilus sublevis, Lec. 
Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 368. 


Hydrophilus quadristriatus, Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. 
Soc., 1871, p. 381. 


North America. 


This species appears to be closely allied to H. cali- 
fornicus, but to be narrower and smaller, and with the 
_ pubescent area at the base of the hind femur rather 
larger; the apical ventral segment has a_ strongly 
elevated carina, the apex of which projects beyond the 
extremity of the segment. There seems to be no sexual 
difference in the sculpture of the mentum. In other 
respects the species seems very similar to H. cali- 
fornicus. 

I have seen only a pair of the species, so can form no 
opinion as to its variation; in both these individuals the 
legs are nearly entirely pale yellow. 


25. Hydrophilus californicus, Lec. 

Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 367. 

North America (California). 

This species may be readily distinguished from H. 
glaber by its less punctate upper surface, and by the last 
ventral segment bearing only a carina or plica instead of 
the spine existing in H. glaber. The systematic punc- 
tures on the side of the prothorax form a somewhat 
short and irregular line; the sculpture of the epipleural 
margin is distinct from the shoulder backwards. The 
sternal spine is curved away from the body, and is elon- 
gate, narrow, and deep, formed, in fact, as in H. glaber, 
but scarcely so long and stout; the apical ventral seg- 
ment bears a plica or carina; and the pubescent area 
at the base of the hind femur is quite small. 

There is a striking sexual disparity in the sculpture of 
the mentum and the lateral portions of the submentum, 
the punctuation of these parts being much denser in the 
male than in the female. 

The species is variable, and there may be more than 
one mixed under the name. In one form there is a well- 
marked development of coarse punctuation on the sides 


, 
110 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


of the elytra towards the extremity, while in other 
specimens this additional sculpture is quite absent ; 
this latter form is usually of darker and less metallic 
colour. 


26. Hydrophilus glaber (Herbst ?), Lec. 

Lee., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 868. 

North America; Haiti. 

In this species the punctuation of the upper surface is 
quite distinct and evenly distributed, but does not give 
rise to a dull appearance; the systematic punctures on 
the prothorax form a somewhat short line; the sternal 
spine is elongate and much curved away from the body, 
and is rounded beneath, not flattened ; the apical ventral 
segment bears a very distinct free spine. The epipleural 
sculpture is coarse and distinct from the base to near the 
apex. 

It appears to be variable, or there may be more than 
one species under the name; the pubescent area of the 
posterior femur is sometimes quite small, but in other 
cases is rather more extensive; the ventral spine also 
varies somewhat in its development. 

It seems scarcely possibly that this species can be that 
intended by Herbst in his description of Hydrophilus 
glaber; he calls his insect ‘‘ glaberrimus,” and repeats 
that it has the head, thorax, and elytra quite impunctate, 
whereas the punctuation of the upper surface is in this 
Species quite conspicuous, and more developed than in 
any other of the genus, except H. mixtus, Lec. 

It appears to be abundant throughout the United States 
of North America. 


27. Hydrophilus nixtus, Lec. 

Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 368. 

North America; United States ; New York. 

This is extremely closely allied to H. glaber, but the 
punctuation of the upper surface is much denser, so that 
the elytra towards the sides and extremity are dull. The 
pubescent area on the hind femur is larger than in 
some of the varieties of H. glaber, but other forms of 
this latter species have the area quite as extensive as in 
H, nixtus, 


included in the genus Tropisternus. + 111 


Group 8. Upper surface with a yellow marginal cincture ; 
epipleural margin rather finely punctate, the punctures 
distinct, however, even at the base. (Species 28 
and 29). ; 


Two species are included in this group; they do not 
differ in any important respect from Group 7, but I have 
separated them because the yellow marginal band gives 
them a rather different appearance. 


28. Hydrophilus lateralis, Fab. 
Fab., Syst. Ent., p. 228. 


America, North and South, including the Antilles. 
United States, from New York southwards, abundant ; 
Mexico and Central America, abundant; Cuba, Antigua, 
St. Thomas; Rio Janeiro, Constancia, Buenos Ayres, 
Chili. 

In this species the form is rather slender and elongate, 
and the upper surface shining, closely, very finely, and 
evenly punctate ; the yellow cincture is subject to a good 
deal of variation in its width and regularity, but usually 
is narrower on the wing-cases than on the thorax, be- 
coming on the former narrower as it proceeds backwards, 
so that it nearly entirely disappears before reaching the 
suture at the apex ; the systematic punctures on the side 
of the thorax are fine and form a rather short irregular 
line ; the epipleural margin is narrow, so that the punc- 
tures on it are not coarse, but they are quite distinct 
from the shoulder backwards ; the sternal spine is rather 
elongate and slender, and the apical ventral segment is 
either unarmed or bears a carina or plica of variable ele- 
vation and length ; the pubescent area at the base of the 
hind femur is quite small; the legs are yellow, with the 
femora infuscate to a variable extent. The male has a 
distinct tooth on the inner claw of the middle and pos- 
terior feet, and this is the only certain external sexual 
mark I can detect. 

The species varies much in the breadth and regularity 
of the yellow cincture on the head, thorax, and wing- 
cases ; sometimes it is broader on one or other of these, 
and sometimes, but rarely, on the wing-case it becomes 
rather broader and more irregular at the apex. The 
armature of the last ventral plate also varies greatly ; 


112 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


sometimes there is only a scarcely visible elevation bear- 
ing two or three sete, while in other cases there is a 
strongly-elevated plica, the extremity of which projects 
backwards to a greater or less extent as a free spine. 

I have been quite unable to arrange the numerous 
variations in such a way as to indicate distinct species ; 
nevertheless it may prove that there is more than one 
truly distinct species mixed under the name. In South 
America the last ventral segment is apparently always 
simple, and in North America is never quite simple, but 
always more or less distinctly carinate or subspinose ; in 
Mexico and Central America there exists a great deal of 
variation in this character. 


29. Hydrophilus dorsalis, Brulle. 
Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., p. 57, pl. 4, f. 61. 


Hydrophilus limbalis, Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1865, 
p- 367. 


America, North and South. Arizona, California, New 
Grenada, Peru; Chili, Corrientes (teste Brullé). 

So far as I can see, this insect is only different from 
H. lateralis by the greater extension of the yellow colour 
of the upper surface, the lateral band of the wing-case 
occupying about two-fifths of the width, and at the base 
nearly always extending inwards towards the scutellum. 

If | may express an opinion, from the few specimens 
I have seen, I should say that, as in H. lateralis, the last 
ventral segment has its carina more developed in North 
America than in South America. 


Group 9. Upper surface without a yellow cincture; epi- 
pleural margin with rather fine and somewhat distant 
punctures at or behind the middle, but without sculpture 
at the shoulder. (Species 80 to 82). 


The three species I have here associated are separated 
from Group 7 merely as a matter of convenience in 
determining the species; J’. zanthopus, in fact, has not 
the epipleure quite impunctate at- the base, careful 
examination revealing fine punctures on this part. 


included in the genus Tropisternus. 113 


30. Tropisternus xanthopus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 59. 
Mexico (Oaxaca). 


In this species also the legs are yellow. It is closely 
allied to H. ochripes, Curt., but is of more elongate and 
narrow form, the punctuation of the wing-cases is more 
distinct, and the sternal spine is shorter, though other- 
wise similar; the epipleural margin is narrow, and its 
sculpture on the basal portion obsolete. 


31. T'ropisternus lancifer, n. 8. 

Niger, parum metallescens, palpis antennarumque basi 
testaceis, pedibus rufis; latiusculus, minus convexus, 
capite thoraceque sat fortiter, elytris parce subtilissime 
punctatis; margine pleurali antice levi, ad medium 
parce parum distincte punctato ; spina sternali elongata, 
tenui; abdominis apice carina obscura sed ad mar- 
ginem posteriorem distincte elevata. Long. 10—11 mm., 
lat. 53 mm. 


Colombia. 


Punctuation of head and thorax quite distinct and not 
close, their systematic punctures deeply impressed, those 
on the side of the thorax forming a short line; wing- 
cases sparingly and extremely finely punctulate; the 
epipleural margin is not punctate at the base, behind 
the middle it is narrow, and bears not very distinct 
distant punctures. The legs are elongate and slender ; 
the sternal spine is elongate and slender, extending a 
little beyond the 2nd ventral suture ; on the last ventral 
segment there is a short carina, which at the apex is 
distinctly elevated. 

The species is readily distinguished from TT’. ochripes 
by the indistinct punctuation of the epipleural margin. 


32. Tropisternus fuscitarsis, Sharp. 
Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 58. 
Mexico, Guatemala ; Colombia (fide Mus. Castlenau). 
This is a species in which the colour of the legs 
appears variable. It has the punctuation of the epi- 
pleure indistinct, asin 7’. lancifer, but is readily dis- 
tinguished from that species by the shorter, more depla- 


114 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


nate, sternal spine, and by the denser and more even 
punctuation of the upper surface, there being in T. 
fuscitarsis but little difference between the punctuation 
of the thorax and the wing-cases, this being very close 
and fine on both these parts, and even denser on the 
thorax than on the elytra. The systematic punctures on 
the side of the prothorax seem to be in this species 
more variable than usual; sometimes there are three or 
four of them forming a short irregular line, while more 
usually they are concentrated into a small fossa. 


Group 10. Epipleural margin quite destitute of sculpture 
or spines. 


The interesting species isolated to form this group 
makes a slight approximation to the genus Plewrhomus 
by the quite smooth epipleural margin. 


33. Tropisternus tinctus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., 1., pt. 2, p. 59. 
Mexico. 


This species is readily identified by the complete 
absence of sculpture on the epipleural margin, and by 
the fact that the edge of the epipleura on the basal por- 
tion of the wing-case, when seen beneath, forms a less 
sharp edge than usual. There is an extreme sexual 
difference in the sculpture of the mentum, this part in 
the male being densely and finely rugulose-punctate and 
opaque. 

PLEURHOMUS, 0. g. 

Structura fere generis T'ropisterni sed elytrorum epi- 
pleuris pone coxas posteriores omnino angustis, haud ad 
faciem elytri interiorem applicatis ; margine epipleurali 
omnino levigato. 

I have separated two species from the other T’ropisterni 
on account of a peculiar structure of the margin of the 
wing-case. In the species of Tropisternus the epipleura 
behind the posterior coxe is folded in, so that a line 
(which is the inner or lower margin of the epipleura) is 
seen running along the inner face of the wing-case at a 
little distance from its outer edge. In the two species of 
Pleurhomus this is not the case ; the epipleura behind the 


included in the genus Tropisternus. 115 


coxa becomes gradually narrower, but is not so abruptly 
turned in, till just before the extremity, where it is folded 
in and applied to the inner face, as in T'ropisternus. 

The two species are peculiar by their rather broad 
form, much attenuate behind; they are very distinct 
from one another, Tropisternus obscurus having the 
swimming-legsrather stout and their tibie ciliate, whereas 
in Pleuwrhomus sahlbergi the swimming-legs are slender 
and their tibiz entirely destitute of ciliz; thus the two 
species form two sections similar to what obtains in 
Tropisternus. In both species the pubescent area at the 
base of the hind femur is quite small. 


1. Plewrhomus sahlbergi, un. 8. 


Ovalis, convexus, posterius attenuatus, pernitidus, 
supra fusco-eneus, antennis, palpis pedibusque anteri- 
oribus testaceis, pedibus posterioribus piceis; elytris 
sparsim punctatis. Long. 63 mm., lat. 3} mm. 

Brazil. 

The punctuation of the upper surface in this species 
is quite distinct, but is rather more sparing than usual, 
especially on the wing-cases, where, too, the punctures 
are not all of one size, there being distinctly larger 
punctures scattered amongst the finer ones. The syste- 
matic punctures on the side of the thorax form a short 
line, and the epipleural margin is without the least trace 
of sculpture or spines. The sternal spine is short, flat, 
and punctate, and there is not the least trace of any 
carina on the last ventral segment. The hind legs are 
very slender, the upper-inner face of their tibie is 
extremely polished and without any trace of ciliation. 

I have a single individual of this remarkable little 
species sent to me by Prof. Sahlberg, of Helsingfors, as 
No. 2881 ; it was discovered by his father at Santa Rita, 
in Brazil, in September, 1850. 


2. Tropisternus obscurus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 60, pl. ii., f. 7. 
Guatemala. 
In this species the punctuation of the upper surface 
is very fine, and is evenly distributed, except that it is 


denser on the head and thorax than it is on the wing- 
eases; the systematic punctures on the side of the 


116 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 


prothorax form a slightly irregular line; the epipleural 
margin is entirely without sculpture or spines; the 
swimming-legs are moderately stout, and their tibie 
possess a series of swimming-hairs parallel with their 
upper edge; the sternal spine is of moderate length and 
not flattened ; the apical ventral segment bears a seti- 
gerous tubercle near the hind margin. 


As regards the following species, or rather names of 
supposed species, I can give no information beyond the 
appended hints :— 


Tropisternus agilis, Cast., Hist. Nat., i., p. 53. De- 
scribed from St. Vincent.—I have not seen any speci- 
mens from the island in question, but am inclined to 
think from Castlenau’s few words of description that this 
may be a distinct species from any known to me. 


T. binotatus, Walker, Nat. Vancouver, i1., 1866, p. 318. 
Vancouver’s Island. — Leconte has identified this as 
being H. limbalis, Lec. (cf. Ann. Nat. Hist., 4 ser., vi., 
p- 400), so the name should pass into synonymy. 


T. blandus, Chev., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1868, p. 205. 
Cuba.—The description of this species does not enable 
me to form any opinion as to whether it is valid or the 
name a synonym. 


Hydrophilus chalybeatus, Curt., Trans. Linn. Soce., xix., 
p. 442. Brazil.—This is, I think, a mere synonym of 
T. chalybeus, Cast. 

Tropisternus levigatus, Boh., Eugen. Resa, p. 22. Rio 
de Janeiro.—I think this will prove to be a species un- 
known to me, unless it be a variety of 7. ovalis, Cast. 


Hydrophilus levis, Sturm, Cat., p. 64, pl. 2, f. 18. 
Cayenne and Brazil.—I find it quite impossible to come 
to any conclusion as to what species this refers to. 


H. lepidus, Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., p. 57, pl. 4, f. 4. Entre 
Rios.—This is clearly the same as T’. scutellaris, Cast., 
and, as I believe, though of this I am not quite sure, 
that the latter name has priority, 1 have adopted it. 


H. limbalis, Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 8367.—Being 
unable to find any specific difference between North 
American and South American individuals, I- consider 
this to be a synonym of H. dorsalis, Brulle. 


included in the genus Tropisternus. i Uf 


H. limbatus, Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., p. 56. Brazil.—Brullé 
seems certainly to have described the Fabrician H. 
lateralis over again under this name, which (unless 
some one shall point out characters to distinguish the 
varieties of H. lateralis as distinct species) must fall into 
synonymy. 

Tropisternus mergus, Redt., Hug. Kasch., iv., 2, p. 514. 
Hindostan.— As the genus T’ropisternus is exclusively 
South American, there is clearly some error in assigning 
this species to it, and I have therefore not occupied 
myself with it. 

T’. nitidus, Cast., Hist. Nat., ii., p. 58. Guadeloupe. 
—This is, I consider, a synonym of the same author’s 
T’.. chalybeus : the dozen words of description do not in- 
dicate any distinction. 


Hydrophilus quadristriatus, Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. 
Soc., 1871, p. 8831.—This has already been recorded by 
its author as a synonym of H. sublevis, Lec. 


Tropisternus sellatus, Cast., l.c., p. 54.—For the present 
this must remain a doubtful species; the description 
may possibly refer to an individual of H. collaris, dis- 
coloured by decay. 


Hydrophilus setiger, Germ., Ins. Spec. Nov., p. 95. 
Buenos Ayres.—This cannot with certainty be identified 
from the description, which consists almost entirely of 
characters common to the whole of the genus. The 
expression “‘ thoracis lateribus fulvis’’ seems to be quite 
exceptional, but may perhaps refer to the inflexed margin, 
which is yellowish or fulvescent in numerous species. 


¢?; 


(\PEESE °) 


V. On the classification of some families of the Tineina. 


By E. Meyrick, B.A. 
[Read December 6th, 1882.] 


Contrary to my preconceived opinion I have satisfied 
myself that the family classification of the Lepidoptera, 
as at present existing, is in the main wholly unsatis- 
factory. Based as it is entirely upon European types, 
its deficiencies only become readily apparent when it is 
attempted to apply the scheme to the fauna of a distinct 
region. One discovers then how vague and ill-defined 
the principal families are; the newly-added species 
destroy all remaining semblance of distinction, and the 
conclusion is inevitable, that without the aid of a system 
founded on well-marked and definite characters, the 
whole science will speedily become involved in hopeless 
confusion. 

Two causes have principally contributed to this result, 
over and above the narrowness of the field of research, 
viz., over-reliance on superficial characters, and under- 
estimation of the value of neuration. As a striking 
instance of the former, take the group of the Tortricina, 
the classification of which, as at present understood in 
England, is scientifically quite worthless. The group 
presents a remarkably small range of variation in the 
superficial characters of form, marking, and colour, and 
consequently the same general appearance frequently 
recurs in distinct genera, and especially frequently in 
allied genera. Structure has consequently been dis- 
regarded in the attempt to bring together discordant 
species, and has even come to be more or less despised 
as an untrustworthy indication of affinity. Yet the 
group, which has been considered one of great difficulty 
(as indeed any group is, if classified on such principles), 
is really one of the easiest to arrange on a natural 
system. I have elsewhere (Proc. Linn. Soc. of New 
South Wales, 1881) given in full my views on the classi- 
fication of this group, to which I need not further allude 


TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.) 


120 Mr. KE. Meyrick on the 


now, except to remark that it is accurately separable into 
three sharply-marked families. 

Neuration has probably been neglected, as being less 
easily observed than other characters. Yet, when one 
has become tolerably familiar with the principal types 
and deviations of structure, it can almost always be 
readily discerned by an examination of the under surface 
of the wings, where the veins usually stand out more 
prominently. In cases of special difficulty the wing 
may be rendered momentarily transparent with benzine, 
but the cilia are sometimes injured in this way. In the 
Tortricina and larger Tineina the veins can almost in- 
variably be made out without much trouble. 

The neuration forms, in my opinion, the most reliable 
cuide to the classification of the Lepidoptera. In 
examining large numbers of new species I have been 
greatly struck by the persistence of its character in 
particular groups, even when the form of the wings 
undergoes extreme modifications. I do not mean to 
affirm that differences of neuration are always of im- 
portance ; Cerostoma, Lat., and Blabophanes, Z., may be 
instanced as displaying considerable variation in this 
respect within genera undoubtedly natural; yet even 
here the variation is confined to certain limits, and 
Blabophanes, though hardly two species are identical in 
neuration, is yet absolutely separable from all its allies 
by neural characters alone. But in 450 Australian 
(Ecophoride I found the type of neuration absolutely 
identical throughout, and in general I have assured 
myself that it affords a means of defining accurately the 
natural families of the Tineina, and probably the whole 
of the Lepidoptera. In the Proc. Linn. Soc. of New 
South Wales for this year I have pointed out how well 
it serves to define the natural, yet hitherto practically 
uncharacterised, genera of the Crambide. And in the 
present paper I have endeavoured to set forth the con- 
clusions to which I have been led in the investigation of 
a principal group of the Tinea; by the result of 
which I desire that the principles involved may be 
estimated. 

It should be kept in mind that, when a group has 
been defined by considerations of structure alone, if such 
a eroup is found to be locally distributed so as to be 
confined to or excluded from one or more zoological 
regions, the argument for its naturalness is very greatly 


classification of the Tineina. 121 


strengthened, and the case may in general be considered 
proved without special reason to the contrary. This 
follows immediately from the first principles of evolu- 
tion. 

In the following results I consider the families to be of 
the same value biologically as the natural orders of 
plants. I have been obliged to rely mainly on European 
and Australian species in forming the classification, since 
those of other regions, though partly known, have been 
generically too ill characterised to be available for 
evidence ; but I have included such other exotic genera 
as it was possible to locate with tolerable certainty. 
Kven Zeller’s descriptions of exotic genera are com- 
monly unrecognisable and impracticable when the neu- 
ration is not given. The neural terminology here 
employed is that used by von Heinemann and commonly 
on the Continent, the veins being denoted by numbers, 
counting from the inner margin to the costa. 

The genera here classified are almost all included by 
von Heinemann in his heterogeneous family of the 
Gelechide, and by Stainton in his Gelechiide and 
(Hcophoride. Neither of these families, as understood 
by their authors, admits of definite characterisation, 
and they are therefore practically useless; and the 
number of species included is so enormous that, unless 
united by the possession of very definite characters, they 
would imperatively call for further subdivision. They 
do, however, form a connected group, standing at the 
head of the T'ineina, and conforming to a single type. 
The essential characters of this type are:—fore wings 
with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked ; hind wings with 8 veins ; 
labial palpi recurved, pointed. The exceptions to any of 
these characters are very few, and are specified below in 
their proper place; but the characters are insufficient 
for definition, since they recur in combination in the 
Plutellide, Hyponomeutide, and Elachistide, though only 
occasionally. One character deserves very especial 
attention, viz., the stalking of veins 7 and 8 of the fore 
wings; to this there is no exception whatever, the only 
appearance of one being in the two genera of (icophoride, 
where these veins coincide throughout instead of par- 
tially, and in the two genera of Gelechiide, where vein 5 
is absent, and therefore the stalked veins are 6 and 7 in 
actual order of numbering. 


122 Mr. E. Meyrick on the 


I propose a division of these genera into six families, 
as follows :— 


GELECHIIDA. 


Antenne simple (very rarely ciliated in male). Fore 
wings with 12 veins (rarely 11 or 10 by obsolescence of 
veins 5 and 10), 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa (rarely to hind 
margin), 2 from or near angle of cell. Hind wings with 
8 veins (rarely 7 by obsolescence of vein 5), 3 and 4 
separdte or from a point or stalked, 6 and 7 stalked or 
separate. Hind wings often much broader than fore 
wings, or sharply emarginate beneath the produced 
apex. 

A very large family, containing in Europe about 450 
species, and I have 120 from Australia and New Zealand ; 
it appears cosmopolitan, and is everywhere largely repre- 
sented, but is less conspicuous in the southern hemisphere 
than in the norther», The following is an attempted 
arrangement of the European genera, though the sub- 
divisions given are perhaps not accurately definable :— 


A. Vein 7 of fore wings to costa. 
a. Veins 3 and 4 of hind wings separate. 


(Hicocecis, Gn. ProcuEvuusa, Hein. 
CHILOPSELAPHUS, Mn. *Srrotroca, Hein. 
*MEGACRASPEDUS, Z. Apopia, Hein. 
Mesopuuers, H-S. Recurvaria, H-S. 
CuiEopora, Curt. ANACAMPSIS, Curt. 
CrutHomaparus, Mn. ArGyrITISs, Hein. 
ANARSIA, Z. Paciiia, Hein. 
PsoricopTERa, Stt. Nannopia, Hein. 
Cuexaria, Hw. Lamprotes, Hein. 
Parasia, Dup. Monocuroa, Hein. 
Rurnosia, 7'r. Dorypnora, Hein. 
SromoprERyx, Hein. Ereatis, Hein. 


b. Veins 8 and 4 of hind wings from a point or stalked. 


TELeIA, Hein. ACANTHOPHILA, Hein. 
*Lita, T'r. TacuyptTinia, Hein. 

Bryorrorua, Hein. Bracuycrossata, Hein. 

Bracumia, Hein. CrratopHora, Hein. 


*GELECHIA, Z. CiapopEs, Hein. 


classification of the Tineina. 123 


Soppronia, Hb. *YpsoLopuus, F’. 
Hotucopnora, Sigr. Apiuerria, Ld. 
Norunris, Hb. LecitHocera, H-S. 


B. Vein 7 of fore wings to hind margin. 


Evtees, Hein. Symmoca, Hb. 
Gonta, Hein. 


To this family belong also the following exotic genera, 
according to the characters given for them, but I cannot 
locate them more definitely :-— 


AnortHostA, Clem. *Srropisra, Clem. 
Evacora, Clem. CLISTOTHYRIS, 7. 
TRYPANISMA, Clem. TRICHOTAPHE, Clem. 
Encurysa, Z. EPIcoRTHYLIS, Z. 


Those genera marked (*) occur also in Australia, but of 
these Sitotroga has doubtless been introduced ; I suspect 
this genus to be not native even in Europe, but im- 
ported from America. I have about fifteen additional 
Australian genera. 


CHIMABACCHIDA. 


Antenne ciliated in male (or rarely simple?). Fore 
wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to hind margin, 
2 from rather before posterior angle of cell. Hind 
wings with 8 veins, 8 and 4 separate at origin, 6 and 7 
separate, nearly parallel. Hind wings not or slightly 
broader than fore wings, hind margin rounded or slightly 
sinuate. 

A small European group, not hitherto identified else- 
where. 


Dasystoma, Curt. Semroscoris, Hb. 
CHIMABACCHE, Z. Ex#ReETIA, Sit. 
DEPRESSARIIDA. 


Antenne simple. Fore wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 
stalked, 7 to costa or apex (rarely to hind margin), 2 
from or near angle of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 
and 4 from a point or stalked, 6 and 7 separate, nearly 
parallel. Hind wings not broader than fore wings, hind 
margin rounded. 


TRANS, ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) L 


124 Mr. E. Meyrick on the 


A moderately extensive family, represented in Kurope 
by about 110 species, nearly all belonging to Depressaria, 
which genus is little known elsewhere. From Australia 
and New Zealand I have only about 12 species, but the 
croup appears to be fairly numerous in North and 
South America, and is said (probably correctly) to occur 
also in India and South Africa. The Kuropean genera 
are :— 


EKprarapuia, Stph. PHIBALOCERA, Stph. 
Depressaria, Hw. Enicostoma, Stph. 


The following exotic genera are also referable to this 
family :— 


Loxotoma, 7. Aariocoma, Z. 
Macurmra, Clem. PELEOPODA, Z. 
Psrnocorsis, Clem. 


Of these Loxotoma alone occurs in Australia, where 
are three or four other genera; there is also one in New 
Zealand. 


CRYPTOLECHIIDA. 


Antenne ciliated in male. Fore wings with 12 veins, 
7 and 8 stalked, 7 to hind margin (rarely to costa), vein 
2 from before posterior fourth of lower margin of cell, 
widely remote from 3. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and 
4 from a point or stalked, 6 and 7 stalked or closely ' 
approximated at base. Hind wings not broader or 
rather broader than fore wings, hind margin sinuate. 

Extensively represented in South America, and less 
numerously in South Africa and Australia, but prac- 
tically absent from the European region, which only 
possesses one species. Much confusion exists at present, 
owing to Zeller having included in his original genus 
Cryptolechia species not only of this family, but also of 
the Gicophoride, and perhaps Depressariide, which are 
perfectly distinct. From Australia I have about 80 
species, but the family is absent from New Zealand, 
except one probably not indigenous species. All the 
Australian insects described by Zeller under Cryptolechia, 
however, belong to the Gicophoride. 

The described genera certainly belonging here are— 


Crypropuasa, Lu. ANTMOTRICHA, Z. 
CRYPTOLECHIA, 7, 


classification of the Tineina. 125 


All these occur in Australia, to which region Crypto- 
phasa is confined, and there are five or six new Australian 
genera. South America appears specially rich in this 
family and probably contains many additional genera. 


diCOPHORIDA. 


Antenne ciliated in male. Fore wings with 12 veins 
(rarely 11 by coalescence of 7 and 8), 7 and 8 stalked, 
7 to hind margin, apex, or costa, 2 from or near angle 
of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 from a point 
(rarely stalked), 6 and 7 separate, nearly parallel. Hind 
wings not broader than fore wings (very rarely slightly 
broader), hind margin rounded or slightly sinuate. 

Rather largely represented in Europe, and extremely 

abundant in Australia and New Zealand, where it is the 
principal family of the Lepidoptera ; little recorded from 
elsewhere, but certainly occurring in India and North 
‘and South America. The European species number 
about 100; from Australia and New Zealand I have 450, 
and the entire number inhabiting that region probably 
exceeds 2000. 

The following is a classification of the Huropean 
genera, including the only described exotic genus cer- 
tainly referable :— 


A. Vein 7 of fore wings to hind margin or apex. 


Ancuinta, Hb. Aptota, Stph. 
Cacocuroa, Hein. Prorasis, H-S. 
Hyprercauiia, Stph. Toprutis, Hb. 
*PrLTopHorA, Meyr. *PiEuRoTa, Hb. 
Honoscouia, 7. Hypatima, H-S. 


B. Vein 7 of fore wings to costa. 


GONIONOTA, Z. Harpena, Schrk. 
Psecapia, Hb. *(HCOPHORA, Z. 


To the Australian genus Peltophora belongs forficella, 
Sc., hitherto erroneously included in Harpella. The 
three genera marked (*) are all freely represented in 
Australia, whence (including New Zealand) I have 
characterised also 67 new genera, now being published 
in the Proc. Linn. Soc. of New South Wales. I have 
included the South American Gonionota, though im- 
perfectly characterised, because it is evidently so nearly 


126 Mr. E. Meyrick on the 


allied to a New Zealand genus that there can be little 
doubt of its position. 

Of the unity of this family I have no doubt; the 
Australian species traverse the whole range of the genera 
given above, and extend considerably beyond them, 
whilst still preserving their family characters with an 
extraordinary persistency. 


DASYCERIDA. 


Antenne thickened with dense scales, ciliated in male. 
Fore wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 2 
from or near angle of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins, 
3 and 4 from a point, 6 and 7 separate or from a point. 
Hind wings not broader than fore wings, hind margin 
rounded. 

A small but peculiar family, not capable of being in- 
corporated with any other ; widely distributed, occurring 
in Kurope, North America, India, South Africa, and 
Australia. Some species have the singular habit of 
carrying the posterior legs erect above the back, as in 
some genera of Hlachistide, but it is certain that the 
similarity of habit does not here indicate affinity. About 
fifteen species are known altogether. The described 
genera are :— 


Dasycera, Hw. ATKINSONIA, Sit. 
ERETMOCERA, Z. 


Of these Dasycera occurs in Europe and North America, 
Eretmocera in South Africa and Australia, and Atkinsonia 
in India and Australia. 

These six families constitute the group above men- 
tioned. In connection with them may also be noticed a 
seventh, which, although separated from the main group 
by having veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings commonly 
separate, is yet in other respects nearly allied to them, 
especially to the Gicophoride. 


GLYPHIPTERYGIDA 


Antenne simple or ciliated in male. Fore wings with 
12 veins (rarely 11 by coalescence of 7 and 8), 7 and 8 
separate or rarely stalked, 7 to hind margin, 2 from near 
angle of cell, 1 simple at base or sometimes furcate. 
Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 from a point, 6 and 7 


classification of the Tineina. 127 


separate, parallel. Hind wings not broader (rarely some- 
what broader) than fore wings, hind margin rounded. 

The family is universally distributed, but not very 
numerously represented anywhere, being apparently 
most plentiful in the Australian region. The following 
is a Classification of all the genera :— 


HinaroGRaPHa, Z. Srmartuis, Leach. 
CHOREGIA, Z. CuoreEvtis, Hb. 
Hyprertropua, Meyr. Minurerr, Rag. 
Kupseia, Meyr. GLYPHIPTERYX, Z. 
Aouocosma, Meyr. ApistomMorPHA, Meyr. 
Brentuta, Clem. PuryGanostoua, Meyr. 


Of the other genera included under the Gelechiide in 
Staudinger’s Catalogue, Carposina, H-S., belongs to the 
Conchylide, as I have elsewhere pointed out. Blasto- 
basis, Z., is in no way nearly related here, but belongs to 
the neighbourhood of the Hyponomeutide. Of Meta- 
narsia, Ster., Pterolonche, Z., Atremea, Stgr., Epidola, 
Ster., and Alloclita, Stgr., I have not sufficient evidence 
to fix the position, but they probably all belong to one 
or other of the six families above enumerated. It will 
be apparent also that von Heinemann and Wocke were 
right in removing from this group Butalis, Tr., Pancalia, 
Curt., Endrosis, Hb., and their allies. 


The following exotic genera are probably also referable 
to these families, but I am not able to determine their 
position for want of detail :— 


Dysenorima, Z. FaLcuina, Z. 
Avuxocrossa, Z. Curysopora, Clem. 
MesoptycHa, Z. HELCYSTOGRAMMA, Z. 
MrxocGENnEs, Z. CopocERcIA, Z. 
Menesta, Clem. Trratopsis, Wals. 


Four other genera,—Hermogenes, Z., Meridarchis, Z., 
Dasycarea, Z., and Ecliptoloma, Z.,—have also been 
referred to the Gelechiide; but if the incomplete par- 
ticulars given of their neuration are correct, they can 
_ have no true affinity here. 

For the practical application of the family characters 
given above, it must be observed that any two families 
are not, as a rule, separated by the presence or absence 
of a single character. Most commonly they are dis- 
tinguished by at least three points, to each of which rare 


128 Mr. E. Meyrick on the 


exceptions occur, doubtful cases being decided by 
majority of characters. When, however, they are dis- 
tinguished by a single point (as, for example, the Depres- 
sarude and Gicophoride differ by the presence or absence 
of ciliations of the antenne of the male), this character 
admits of no exception. It will be apparent that this is 
in accordance with what might be expected to result from 
the natural formation of families; for supposing, by 
variation of a particular character and extinction of. 
intermediate forms, a new and distinct family type to be 
brought into being, there will be no reason whatever why 
the new family should not exceptionally, whether by 
reversion or independent variation, develop again solitary 
instances of the special character of its parent family. 
If it does this to any considerable extent the family can 
no longer be maintained ; but if it does it in rare in- 
stances only, and at the same time continues to diverge 
also in other respects, it is probable that by a considera- 
tion of all points combined there will be no difficulty in 
detecting the true position of any particular genus, and 
such real or apparent reversion to any ancestral type 
need not be taken to vitiate the genuine distinctness of 
the family. 

It remains to sketch the probable process of develop- 
ment of the group, according to this scheme of classi- 
fication. The origin of the whole is to be sought in the 
Cicophoride, which represent the simplest type, them- 
selves originating in the Butalid group of the Hlachistide 
(the classification of which, whether as one or more 
families, need not here concern us). In accordance with 
this hypothesis, we find the Gcophoride at their maxi- 
mum of development in the Australian region, which 
from its isolation has always tended to preserve such 
primitive forms from the disastrous competition of 
superior types; whilst in other regions they have been 
in great part (but nowhere entirely) supplanted by later 
developments. The Gcophoride were early divided into 
two natural groups (above distinguished as A and B), in 
the former of which vein 7 of the fore wings terminates 
in the hind margin or apex, and in the latter in the 
costa. From group B rose the Depressariide, differing 
by the loss of the characteristic cilations of the antennae, 
and originating from near Psecadia. From the same 
group came also the Dasyceride, a small but ancient 
development from near Gicophora. The Glyphipterygide 


classification of the Tineina. 129 


would appear to be also a very ancient group, probably 
proceeding from group A of the Gicophoride, and revert- 
ing in some points to an older type; on which view 
Eupselia and Avolocosma might be regarded as approach- 
ing the primitive types of the family, and Glyphipteryx 
itself as being one of the most specialised forms. The 
Chimabacchide are developed immediately from the 
Depressariide, the characteristic change being in the 
separation of veins 3 and 4 of the hind wings. It is 
this family which gives rise to the whole group of the 
Tortricina, producing a generalised type from which the 
three families of the Tortricina rise simultaneously in 
diverging lines. lLHxcept the Yortricina, no further 
developments are known to have originated in any of the 
families of this group. 

The origin of the two remaining families is not so 
clear as that of the others, and additional knowledge 
might lead me to modify my present conclusions, but I 
am disposed to think that the Cryptolechiideé sprang from 
group A of the Gicophoride, preserving the characteristic 
ciliations of the antenne, and the hind marginal termi- 
nation of vein 7 of the fore wings, but deviating in 
the close approximation or coalescence at base of veins 
6 and 7 of the hind wings, and the curious remoteness 
of vein 2 from the angle of the cell in the fore wings, 
the latter character analogous to what is found in two 
families of Tortricina. The Gelechiide seem to have 
originated from the Depressartvide, diverging from them 
gradually in form and neuration of the hind wings, in 
which character they display great variability. They 
may be regarded as the most highly specialised family 
of all, the extreme of development being reached in the 
very narrow-winged genera with excessively emarginate 
hind wings; and they form, in most parts of the world, 
a dominant group. 

On this view of the development of the group, the 
geographical distribution of the Cryptolechiide becomes 
highly interesting and important. The fact that the 
European region (comprising as well Northern and 
Western Asia and Northern Africa) is absolutely deficient 
in this family (for the single species, even if correctly 
referred here, for which I cannot vouch, can only be 
regarded as an exotic straggler) appears to be conclusive 
proof that they must have originated elsewhere ; for it 
does not seem conceivable that a whole family, well 


130 Mr. E. Meyrick on the 


suited to many situations of the region, and found else- 
where flourishing in full competition with all Kuropean 
families, should have been ever wholly expelled from it 
in the struggle for existence. But it is both intelligible 
and likely that the same family might be unable to gain 
a footing from outside in the European region, stocked 
as it is with the most highly improved forms and pro- 
tected by natural barriers. As a matter of fact the 
Cryptolechiide are found to be very plentiful in South 
America, and less plentiful, but still well represented, in 
South Africa and Australia. Probably they extend 
upwards into India and the Malay Archipelago, and per- 
haps also into North America, but they are absent from 
New Zealand. Now, assuming (what appears to me 
certain) that the family has never existed in Europe, the 
only other possible supposition is that there must have 
been at some period land-connection between the three 
southern continents. In confirmation of their southern 
origin, it is to be observed that the particular group, 
from which the Cryptolechude appear to have been 
developed, is still and must always have been the promi- 
nent group in Australia. Iam certainly of opinion that 
this case, relating to the whole of an extensive family, 
can be explained on no other hypothesis. It should be 
borne in mind that Wallace’s well-known conclusions on 
this subject, drawn practically from the distribution of 
mammals and birds only, must (as I am reminded by 
Prof. Hutton) bear only on Tertiary and late Secondary 
times, and be therefore wholly inadequate to explain the 
distribution of so ancient a group as that of insects. 

Of the other families, I believe the Glyphipterygide and 
Dasyceride to be very possibly of southern origin, but 
very early developed, and once co-extensive with the 
parent family Gicophoride ; and the Gelechiide, Depres- 
sarude, and Chimabacchide to have been certainly de- 
veloped in Kurope, and thence spread over their present 
range. 

When we consider the ancient origin, the small size, 
the fragility and defencelessness, the very limited specific 
range, and the scanty locomotive powers of the Micro- 
Lepidoptera, as wellas their inaptitude for dissemination 
by extrinsic means, it appears to me that the study of 
their geographical distribution will be of unsurpassed 
value in determining the past history of the world. But 
before attempting this it is absolutely necessary that 


classification of the Tineina. 131 


their classification should be firmly established on solid 
principles. It is impossible to condemn too strongly the 
worthless character of the work done by those who 
create new genera at random, locate species by their 
superficial appearance, making a mere pretence of 
structural diagnosis, and frequently refer specimens of 
the same species to different genera, and even to different 
families, on account of slight differences in colour and 
shape of wing. It can hardly be expected that scientific 
investigators of the present day will acquiesce in the 
methods and results of writers who still continue to 
classify on the lines of Francis Walker. I am disposed 
to think that since, at the present time, a specific de- 
scription is not only worthless, but also practically 
unidentifiable, unless accompanied by a full statement 
of the true generic characters, it may and should be 
as justly disregarded as though it were non-existent. 


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VI. Notes on three Paussi. By Louis Périncury. 
[Read February 7th, 1883. ] 


Paussus lineatus, Thunberg. 


I First discovered Paussus lineatus amongst a small kind 
of black ant very numerous on the slopes of Table 
Mountain. These ants have their nests under stones ; 
they excavate no galleries, and select those stones which 
are situated at the foot of a small bush. There seems 
to be but one class of workers; the females are 0°1 in. 
in length, the winged males 0°05 in. 

I mostly found one P. lineatus, sometimes two, only 
once three, in the same nest. In nearly every instance 
it was clinging to the under side of the stone, elytra 
downwards. I first captured five specimens, and with 
them I collected a number of ants and their larve. I 
deposited them in a glass cage, where I could have a 
good view of them; but whether the beetles and the 
ants had been too much shaken in the receptacle I first 
put them in I cannot say, but three of the Paussi died 
two days after, and the two that were left no longer 
crepitated when handled, as they were wont to do when 
I first captured them. I then procured a new batch of 
ants from several nests, being under the impression that 
the Pausside, like the Clavigeride, were fed by ants, 
and I conjectured that the three that died had not been 
properly attended to by the ants I had enclosed with 
them in the glass cage. But the increase in the number 
of ants did not seem to affect them; they were still 
very torpid. Onthe discovery of sixteen more P. lineatus, 
I added these to my colony, having previously affixed a 
small bit of putty to the elytra of the first comers. The 
following day these two ancient individuals seemed to 
have recovered their energy; they both proved to be 
males. Altogether I enclosed twenty-one specimens in 
the cage, and, with the exception of the first three, all 
thrived well; I have twelve of them, apparently females, 
still alive, after sixty days of captivity. 

My object was to find out if the Paussi were kept in 

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.) 


134 Louis Péringuey’s notes on 


captivity by the ants for any purpose, and I do not 
think now that such is the case, as the following will, I 
hope, show. 

I kept my glass cage in a rather dark room; but if I 
placed it in the sun the Paussi, which had previously 
been sluggish in the extreme, suddenly became very 
lively, perambulating the cage in the most excited man- 
ner, moving their antenne very rapidly in a vertical 
line, folding and unfolding their wings, trying a clumsy 
flight, setting to clean themselves with their legs, and 
invariably seeking shelter under some bean-pods that I 
had put in the cage for the female ants to deposit their 
eggs under. Then the disc of the elytra and the antenne 
would assume a most glossy appearance. Yet, whenever 
I placed the cage in the sun, the worker ants would set 
to work at once to free the larve. If at any time the 
unwieldly and (to the ants) bulky Paussus approached 
one of them, the ant, leaving off its work, would im- 
mediately seize hold of it and try to pull it in 
another direction ; the Paussus would then stop, bring 
its antenne forward, and stretch out its legs so as to 
find a better *‘ point d’appui.” Some of the other workers 
would come to the help of their fellow, and tug vigorously 
at the antenne, always rigidly pointed forward, until the 
Paussus, feeling it could not keep its ground, would 
start away ata rapid pace. Then the workers would 
resume their work. But it often happened that the 
Paussus, in spite of the ants, made straight for the place 
where the larve and eggs were sheltered, and, finding in 
the pods a support that the glass surface could not 
afford it, it would settle in the middle of the colony 
in spite of the efforts of the workers; these, after a vain 
effort to dislodge the intruder, carried the larve away ; 
the Paussus would then remain motionless for days in 
the same spot. 

I thought at first that the Paussi were feeding on the 
newly-born ants, bnt closer and repeated observations 
enabled me to conclude that the workers tried to drag 
them away only for fear they should injure the delicate 
and almost transparent newly-freed individuals. I often 
saw the ants carry the young in their mandibles from 
the direction taken by a fast-walking Paussus. I put 
together six newly-born ants and two Paussi, and, though 
the jelly-like creatures did not assume a black colour 
and become perfectly developed until from fifteen to 


three Paussi. 135 


thirty minutes had elapsed, the Paussi did not avail 
themselves of their helpless state to devour or injure 
them. I have several times repeated this experiment. 

I have never seen the Paussus crepitate when attacked 
and forced to run away by the workers, but if touched at 
the same time with a straw or with the hand, it would 
give out a series of very audible explosions; its antennae, 
prothorax, and elytra suddenly became covered with a 
yellowish substance, turning almost immediately into a 
yellow powder, and which is so adhesive that if the 
Paussus at that time was thrown on his back, it adhered 
for a short time to the glass. It would then right 
himself by the aid of one of its antenne acting as a 
lever. These explosions leave on the fingers a stain 
very much like that produced by an application of lunar 
caustic, that will last several days in spite of repeated 
washings. 

The beetle was always in a torpid state when I dis- 
covered it, and as soon as touched walked at a slow pace, 
crepitating all the while, and trusting apparently to its 
artillery for protection. I think that it is of crepuscular 
habits rather than nocturnal ; for, if | examined my box 
at night, I always found it in its torpid state, but a short 
time after the appearance of the light it began to move 
about. However, the first P. lineatus I possessed was 
caught in the middle of a very hot day by a boy, who, 
feeling on his neck something that he said ‘‘ stung him,” 
seized the insect. It did not occur to me at the time to 
examine the spot, but I have no doubt that it was the 
discharge of the insect that caused the smarting pain 
the lad complained of. 

The copulating process is rather singular. The male 
fixes his mandibles in the prothoracic excavation of the 
female, and, with his hind legs, brings the anal segment 
of the female towards him, apparently with creat diffi- 
culty and labour; in order to strengthen himself, he 
has his antenne passed under hers. I have seen males 
carried on the backs of females for twenty-four hours 
without relinquishing their hold, but as soon as placed 
in the sun they soon accomplished their functions and 
got separated from the females in a time varying between 
fifty-six and fifty-eight seconds. After brushing himself 
with his fore and hind legs the male would go in search 
of another female. One of my spotted males has thus 
fecundated no less than five females in four days. 


136 Louis Péringuey’s notes on 


I never saw the ants attending to the Paussi or seem- 
ing to draw any nourishment from them. Still, the 
Paussi seem to affect those spots where the eggs and 
larve are deposited, perhaps because they are the most 
sheltered places. I fed the ants with sugar and sweet 
biscuits. I have kept them for two months, and I still 
have eleven P. lineatus alive, although the males are 
apparently all dead. I never saw the females depositing 
their eggs, but I think they may have done so in a 
biscuit excavated by the ants. 

That the P. lineatus is not fed by the ants, among 
which I always found it, seems to me to be proved by a 
close observation of two months’ duration ; still the fact 
remains that I have not seen it in the act of taking food. 
On one occasion I saw four on a piece of sweetened 
orange I had put as food for the ants. Now this Paussus, 
when in motion, always carries its palpi hanging at 
right angles, and one of those four,—the only one of 
whom I could get a full view,—had its palpi hanging in 
the usual manner, but I could not detect any sign of its 
jaws being in motion. I should think that Burmeister 
was right in calling them carnivorous insects, because 
with the second lot of P. lineatus I placed five specimens 
of the minute P. Linnei, Westw., and the day after there 
was but one of them left ; that one was shorn of one of 
its antenne, and died soon after I had removed it. 
The box being so well closed that the insects had no 
opportunity whatever of escape, I concluded that they 
had been devoured by the P. lineatus. On a second 
experiment, of two days’ duration, three P. Linnet came 
out unscathed, except one, who lost its fore leg. 

I afterwards separated five P. lineatus from the ants, 
and left them without food for eight days, but I could not 
detect any sign of their having suffered by their fast ; 
they were, when exposed to the sun, as lively as those I 
had left with the ants. 

These observations make me think that this Paussus 
is merely tolerated by the ants amongst which it is found, 
or perhaps kept as a pet, especially if one takes into 
consideration that in one case only have I found three 
specimens in the same nest, seldom two, and generally 
one only. 

This species seems to have a wide range, as the Cape 
Town Museum has in its possession two specimens cap- 
tured in the Transvaal. 


three Paussi. 137 


Paussus Linnei, Westwood. 


The habitat of this minute and very rare Paussus was 
until now only a surmise. Lacordaire thought it might 
come from India, and Gemminger and Harold gave its 
habitat as ‘‘incertz sedis.”” The fact that it is so small, 
and that I never but once found two together, seems to 
account for its rarity in collections, the only one known 
being, I think, that which Prof. Westwood described. 

I found it in the nest of an ant very common on the 
slopes of Table Mountain, building galleries, though not 
at a great depth, under stones often adjoining the nests 
of the kind in which I found P. lineatus. These ants 
have two sorts of workers: a worker major, more than 
twice the size of P. Linnei, with a very large head, and 
a very minute worker minor. 

This species is very much more active than P. lineatus, 
going at a very fair pace if we consider the characteristic 
sluggishness of those insects. Like P. lineatus, it exudes 
the same pus-like matter, and crepitates with great 
vivacity without slackening its speed. 

When I uncovered the nests, the major workers, 
sallying out in quest of the enemy, would sometimes 
seize hold of the Paussus, but they relinquished their 
hold immediately, and went in search of the other sup- 
posed intruder. 

I did with this insect what I had done with its con- 
gener, and brought home a colony of the ants, which I 
placed in a large glass jar with seven P. Linnei. 

Whether the major workers became infuriated by their 
captivity, I do not know, but whenever a Paussus passed 
close to the larve carefully heaped in a corner by the 
minor workers and apparently jealously watched by the 
major, it would be immediately set upon by one or two 
of the latter, the onslaught resulting in the loss to the 
_ Paussus of a leg, an antenna, and even once a head. In 
two days my specimens were mutilated or killed in that 
way. One male in copuld was pounced upon and had 
his antenne, as well as those of the female, snapped off 
without relinquishing his hold of her. Four other speci- 
mens that I put in the jar shared the same fate ; the only 
unmutilated specimen remaining being one that had 
judiciously climbed a twig I had put in the bottle. 

I had not the same chance of observing this species as 
I had with P. lineatus, yet they seemed at first to exhibit 


138 Louis Péringuey’s notes on three Paussi. 


the same habits, becoming very lively when exposed to 
the sun, but not attempting flight. As the ant-larve did 
not hatch before the Paussi were mutilated, I could not 
observe how the minor workers behaved towards them. 
They were never attacked by the major workers except 
when they came near the larve, and never used their 
crepitating power when thus attacked. 


I have not since been able to get more specimens. 


Paussus Burmeisteri, Westwood. 


This Paussus is much more sluggish than P. lineatus. 
It crepitates when seized, exuding the same liquid, and 
then shams death, stiffening its antenne to such an 
extent as to enable one having hold of them to move 
it in all directions. I never found two together, and, 
although I discovered it twice in the nests of the same 
ant as P. Linnei, I generally found it under stones, 
where there was no ant’s nest within a radius of several 
yards. 

I once captured one that was being dragged by one 
major andthree minor workers towards a very small colony 
of ants; it was simply opposing its force of inertness to 
the efforts of its would be captors, lying on its back, 
with its antenne stiffened ; but as soon as I had touched 
it with a straw it discharged its artillery, stunning, 
apparently to death, the minor workers, and doubling up. 
the major, who kept on staggering for a very long time. 

Like the two above-mentioned species, when exposed 
to the sun, it gets lively enough, though in a lesser degree, 
but I never saw one expanding its wings or trying to fly. 

All my specimens died soon after their capture, and:I 
never saw any in copuld. 

I have not been able to detect any sign of phos- 
phorescence in the antenne of any of my Paussi, al- 
though frequently examined in the dark. | 


P.S.— Since the above notes were written all my 
Paussus lineatus have died, also the ants.—L. P. 


+t!) +) 


VII. Further additions to Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of 
British Ichneumonide. By Joun B. Brivemay, 


PLS. 
[Read March 7th, 1883. ] 


Ir is not without much hesitation that I have ventured 
to publish this paper, containing as it does the descrip- 
tion of several insects which appear to me to be new: it 
is almost impossible, living in the country and being 
unable to spare time sufficient to stay in London long 
enough to hunt up all stray notes, to make oneself 
acquainted with all the descriptions that are written, to 
be certain that some of these insects may not have been 
previously named. I have described several species of 
the genus Hemiteles, Gr., which do not appear to be 
described in Gravenhorst, Ratzeburg, or Taschenberg ; 
also some species of Ratzeburg’s genus Hemimachus, 
which he split off from Hemiteles, and which appears to 
contain only some males of Pezomachus, and which genus 
has no right to a separate existence. I have also de- 
scribed two very distinct females of Pezomachus, and 
the male of P. vagans, which I bred, with the female, 
froma spider’s nest. Mr. Bignell has also been fortunate 
enough to breed both sexes of P. instabilis, var., and 
P. analis, var. 

I have again to thank the same gentlemen as last 
year, to whom I am indebted for much of the subject- 
matter of this paper; also to the Rey. T. A. Marshall. 


ICHNEUMONIDA. 
ICHNEUMONIDES OXYPYGI. 
Ichneumon consimilis, Wesm. 

Wesm., Tentamen, 22,2, 2; Ichn. Otia, 8, 8, 3,2; 
Rem. Crit., 13. 

I have taken both sexes of this Ichneumon in Norfolk. 
The female I have had for some years; the male I took 
last year at Cromer, in June. I have both the varieties 
of the male described by Wesmael, as well as another 

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1888.—pPaRT I. (JUNE.) M 


140 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’ s 


which has the extreme apex of the scutellum white. 
The female has not the tuft of pubescence on the under 
side of the hind coxe. 


ICHNEUMONIDES PNEUSTICI. 
Herpestomus nasutus, Wesm. 
Wesm., Tent., 170, 3, 9; Mant., 77, 2. 


I took this species in the neighbourhood of Norwich in 
the autumn of 1881. 


Herpestomus intermedius, Wesm. 
Wesm., Tent., 171, 9; Mant., 77, 2. 


Captured by Mr. Bignell in the neighbourhoods of 
Plymouth and Exeter. 


Herpestomus furunculus, Wesm. ? 
Wesm., Tent., 171, 2. 


I have taken an Herpestomus which comes very near 
this, but differs from Wesmael’s description in the legs 
being decidedly thinner, and not stouter than H. inter- 
medius, as he says. ‘These three species are much alike. 
Wesmael says (Mant., 1848, 77) that probably inter- 
medius is a variety of nasutus; if the insects which I 
believe to be these species are correctly named, they 
certainly are distinct ; the puncturing of the whole body 
is very different. 


Pheogenes homochlorus, Wesm. 
Wesm., Tent., 184, 9. 


A female of this very distinct species was taken by 
Mr. T. R. Billups at Chobham last year. 


Aithecerus dispar, Wesm. 
Wesm., Tent., 208, 3, 2; Mant., 90, 7, 2. 


Mr. Bignell took a female of this species at Egloskerry, 
near Launceston, on July 28rd last. 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonde. 141 


Aithecerus discolor, Wesm. - 
Wesm., Tent., 204, ¢, 2; Mant., 91. 


I took a female of this Avthecerus several years ago, 
but, from its being fastened on a card, I did not recognise 
it till I reset it last year. Norwich, September, 1877. 


CRYPTIDA. 
Phygadeuon Marshalli, nu. s. 

Phygadeuon procerus, Gr., I. E., 1. 724, var. 2, 3. 

Segmentis 2—4 fusco- aut nigro-maculatis ; femoribus 
tibiisque rufis, posticis apice nigris. 

Head not buccated behind the eyes ; mesothorax tri- 
lobed ; metathorax with two irregular transverse curved 
lines, supero-medial area not closed at the sides; head 
and thorax opaque, finely and closely punctured. Abdo- 
men cylindrical ; 1st segment but little wider at the apex 
than at the base; spiracles placed a little behind the 
centre, slightly projecting, puncto-aciculate ; 2nd seg- 
ment about twice as long as wide, remaining ones trans- 
verse, distinctly punctated, the 2nd the most strongly so. 
Areolet of wings pentagonal, nervelet, sometimes a trace, 
sometimes absent altogether ; transverse anal nervure 
divided below the middle; legs slender. 

Black; legs red, coxe black; middle trochanters 
brown-stained; basal joint of hind trochanters black, 
as well as the apex of hind tibie and tarsi; 2nd and 8rd 
segments of the abdomen red, with a dark transverse 
fuscous band before the apex, the band on the 2nd 
broader and transversely subdivided ; 4th, 5th, and 6th 
segments with a narrow red margin at the apex ; stigma 
and nervures nigro-fuscous. Male. Length, 6 mm. 

There are two specimens of a male Phygadeuon in a 
collection which once belonged to the Rev. T. A. 
Marshall, labelled ‘“‘ P. procerus, Gr., var. 2, n. sp.” 
They agree very well with Gravenhorst’s description of 
this variety. Taschenberg says, in his revision of the 
Gravenhorstian species, that var. 2 is wanting ; it differs 
from Taschenberg’s description of the genuine procerus 
in having the aree of the metathorax incomplete, the 
other having complete arez, and the abdomen is diffe- 
rently coloured ; whilst, according to Gravenhorst, the 
post-petiole is wider than in P. Marshalli. 


Taken at Bugbrooke, near Northampton. 


- 


142 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's 


As I believe Mr. Marshall had not described this 
insect, I have taken that liberty, and have named it 
after him. 


Hemiteles obscurus, n. 8. 
Niger, pedibus piceis. 


Head shining, transverse ; face rather protuberant in 
the middle ; clypeus distinctly separated from the face ; 
mandibles rather broad, teeth subequal, the space be- 
tween the eyes and the mandibles about equal to the 
width of the clypeus; a deep semicircular impressed line 
above the antenne ; these latter short, flagellate, about 
two-thirds the length of the insect; flagellum in one 
specimen 15 joints, in the other 14; 1st joint more 
slender than the rest, about three times as long as wide ; 
the remainder gradually decreasing in length to the last 
one, which is conic and about two and a half times as 
long as the width of the base, the four or five joints 
before almost of the same length, quadrate. Thorax 
about one-quarter longer than high, closely and distinctly 
punctate, opaque, trilobed, divisions deep and rather 
wide; scutellum rather long, keeled at the base; meta- 
thorax shining, with a few scattered rugosities ; supero- 
and postero-medial united, somewhat of a broad coffin- 
shape, with the long end upwards ; lateral arez divided ; 
lines sharply defined, terminating laterally in a short, 
sharp spine; Ist segment of abdomen and basal two- 
thirds of the 2nd somewhat transversely rugose; the 
remainder shining. Abdomen subovate; 1st segment 
stout, about two and a half times as long as the width of 
the apex ; this twice as wide as the base ; spiracles about 
in the middle; gradually sloping from the base to these, 
and then the sides not quite parallel; all the remaining 
seoments transverse, the 38rd the widest. Legs slender. 
Stigma of median size and shape; areolet pentagonal, 
with outer nervure entirely wanting; the recurrent 
discoidal nervure absent, as also is the lower half of the 
transverse discoidal ; the transverse ordinary not inter- 
stitial ; the lower nervures of the hind wing very faint, 
transverse anal not divided. 

Black ; front legs ochraceo-piceous; cox and tro- 
chanters black, apex of latter pale; middle and hind 
legs, coxee black; trochanters, base dark, apex pale; 
femora piceous, paler behind ; tibiew piceous, paler at the 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 143 


base ; all the tarsi piceous ; stigma and nervures piceous, 
base of wings pale. Male. Length, 3 mm. 

This insect is, in the shape of the abdomen, somewhat 
like fulvipes, but the legs are more slender, the neuration 
also is very different, and the 1st segment is not so 
broad, &e. 


I bred two specimens, unfortunately both males, from 
the egg-bags of a spider which I found in a rolled-up 
nettle-leaf, protected by the spider herself; one was 
developed from each bag. Norwich. 


Hemiteles submarginatus, n. 8. 


Pedibus fulvis, coxis anterioribus albis, posticis nigris ; 
tibiis posticis apice fuscis; marginibus segmentorum in- 
termediatorum rufescentibus ; mas, antennarum subtus 
basi albis. 


Head transverse, slightly narrowed behind the eyes; 
face between the eyes parallel; space between the eyes 
and the mandibles about equal to the width of the base 
of the mandibles ; clypeus separated from the face, but 
not by a sharp line; the teeth of mandibles subequal, 
the upper one a little the longer ; head somewhat shining, 
very finely and closely punctured, a shining depression 
over each antenna; this latter in the female subfusi- 
form, as in H. fulvipes ; 1st joint of the flagellum about 
three times as long as wide, the 2nd and 8rd of the same 
length, filiform in the male, a little shorter than the 
abdomen ; face pubescent. Thorax subopaque, finely 
reticulate, trilobed in front ; lines reaching to about the 
middle of the mesonotum; metathorax rather short, 
with two transverse curved lines, with fine longitudinal 
aciculations ; lateral lines occasionally present, whereby 
a supero-medial area is formed, which, when present, is 
rounded in front and wider than behind ; the posterior 
face divided into three aree. Abdomen of female elon- 
gate-ovate, male elongate; 1st segment of abdomen 
about twice as wide at the apex as at the base, and about 
three times as long as the width of the apex, rather 
wider in the female than in the male; spiracles placed 
behind the middle, but not prominent ; petiole with two 
obsolete ridges, the whole segment aciculate ; 2nd seg- 
ment finely rugose at the base; this and remaining 
segments of female transverse; 2nd of male rather 


144 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's 


longer than wide, the 3rd subquadrate, remainder trans- 
verse; styles of male not projecting; aculeus of female 
about one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs 
slender. Areolet pentagonal; exterior nervure absent ; 
transverse anal obsoletely divided below the middle. 

Black ; mouth, mandibles, except the red teeth, scape 
beneath more or less, front coxe almost entirely, apex 
of middle ones, front and middle and part of hind tro- 
chanters, pale yellow. Legs straw-coloured ; middle and 
hinder ones more or less infuscated; hind coxe black; in- 
cision of 2nd and 8rd segments of the male more or less 
stramineous; apical margin of segments of female 
obsoletely pale; base of wings yellow; nervures and 
stigma yellowish white, the former rather the darker. 
Length about 3 mm. 

This species I have bred from Microgaster cocoons 
taken in the neighbourhood of Norwich. I have also 
seen a specimen bred by Mr. G. C. Bigneil, which appears 
to me to differ only in having the spiracles of the 1st 
segment more prominent ; it may be another species or 
only a local variety. 

This insect at first sight looks very like small speci- 
mens of H. fulvipes, both in shape and colour, but 
differs from it in haying the 1st abdominal segment 
much narrower; the intermediate segments are gene- 
rally slightly pale at the apex; the first three joints of 
the flagellum of the female are longer than in /fulvipes ; 
and the styles of the male do not project, in fulvipes 
they are of considerable length. 


Hemiteles marginatus, n. s. 


Niger, segmentis intermediis abdominis margine pal- 
lido ; segmentis 1 et 2 aciculatis, pedibus maximis ex 
parte pallidis. 


Head subbuccated, behind the eyes scarcely narrowed, 
shining, finely punctate; antenne about as long as the 
insect, filiform, in the female the apical half slightly 
swollen; female, Ist and 2nd joints of the flagellum 
about four times as long as wide, the 8rd a little shorter ; 
male, three first joints subequal, about three times as 
long as wide. Mesothorax opaque, finely and densely 
punctate; scutellum and metathorax shining, the former 
with a few scattered punctures ; the latter in the female 


Cataloque of British Ichneumonide. 145 


with the two transverse lines distinct, between them fine 
longitudinal ruge; in the male there are scarcely any 
ruge, but the lateral lines are perceptible, forming a 
supero-medial area, longer than broad, wider in front 
than behind, rounded in front; back part with the two 
central longitudinal lines; thorax a little longer than 
high ; metathorax of ordinary length, back part nearly 
upright. Legs slender. Wings, the outer nervure of 
areolet wanting, or so thin as to be hardly visible, the 
exterior inferior angle of the discoidal cell quite beyond 
the corresponding angle of the areolet, no trace of nerve- 
let, transverse ordinary interstitial, transverse anal 
nervure of hind wings, before the fork, divided one-third 
from the bottom; emitting nervure indistinct. Abdo- 
men, Ist segment without projecting spiracles, faint in- 
dications of them in the female, gradually widening from 
base to apex, finely aciculate in the female, aciculations 
hardly visible in the male, but in the centre of the post- 
petiole a distinct oval pit; 2nd segment aciculate, the 
aciculations caused by punctures running into one 
another, quadrate in the male, about one-fourth wider 
than long in the female; the remaining segments of 
both sexes transverse, the 8rd segment of the female the 
widest ; abdomen of male cylindrical from the 2nd seg- 
ment ; 3rd distinctly punctate, apical margins of 1 to 3 
and remaining segments entirely polished, but with fine 
hairs, and their pits, these not dense, aslight transverse 
depression before the apex of the 2nd and 8rd segments ; 
aculeus one-third the length of the abdomen. 

@. Scape of antenne beneath, and a distinct fine 
line on apical margin of all the abdominal segments, 
except the 1st, pale straw-colour; legs pale fulvous ; 
front and middle coxe, and all the trochanters, yellow ; 
front and middle tarsi dark at the apex; intermediate 
knees and apex of tibie brownish; hind legs, coxe 
black, femora slightly browned above, extreme knees, 
apex of hind tibie and tarsi black-brown ; tegule, stigma, 
and base of wings pale yellow, nervures brown. Male 
only differs from the female in having the yellow bands 
of the abdomen less distinct, and the abdomen more 
pubescent. Length, 4—5 mm. 


Taken by Mr. P, Cameron, 


146 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's 


Hemiteles politus, n. s. 
Abdomine medio, basi antennarum, pedibusque rufis ; 
apice femorum et tibiarum posticorum nigris; basi 
stigmate alba; aculeus dimidii abdominis longiore. 


This Hemiteles is at first sight like oryphimus, but the 
wings have not the fuscous band, the legs are more 
slender, the 1st segment of the abdomen is much nar- 
rower and polished, not aciculate, and the aculeus 
longer. 

Shining, covered with very scattered, erect, stiff hairs, 
more dense on the centre of the mesothorax, which is 
slightly wrinkled. Head transverse, sloping behind 
towards the neck, sides rounded ; the width behind the 
eyes rather less than the breadth of the eyes; face 
transverse, inner orbits parallel, very slightly immargi- 
nate against the antenne; face rather protuberant in 
the centre; clypeus distinctly separated from the face, 
prominent and widely rotundate at the apex. Antenne 
reaching to the middle of the 3rd abdominal segment, 
filiform ; 1st joint of scape about as long as wide ; first 
three joints of flagellum subequal in length, about four 
times as long as wide, the 4th one-third shorter, the 
remainder gradually tapering, the penultimate joint 
slightly longer than wide ; flagellum 18 to 19 joints (in 
the three specimens two had 18 and one 19 joints). 
Thorax rather short, about one-fourth longer than high ; 
mesothorax faintly trilobed in front; metathorax with 
distinct superior ares; supero-medial area longer than 
wide; hexagonal wider behind than in front; lateral 
spines prominent; intermediate lines on posterior face 
more or less distinct ; 1st segment of abdomen gradually 
tapering from base to apex; spiracles distinctly project- 
ing, about three times as wide at the apex as at the base, 
subcanaliculated, sometimes obsoletely rugose, rather 
more than twice as long as the width of the apex; 
remaining segments transverse, the 3rd the widest, this 
wider than the thorax ; abdomen about as long as the 
head and thorax ; aculeus about two-thirds the length of 
the abdomen and straight. Legs slender. Areolet of 
wings pentagonal, outer nervure wanting, exterior in- 
ferior angle of discoidal cell just beyond the same angle 
of the areolet, transverse ordinary nervure almost inter- 
stitial, transverse discoidal divided one-third from the 
bottom ; transverse anal slightly post-furchal, divided 
one-third from the bottom ; emitting nervure distinct. 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 147 


Black ; three first joints of flagellum entirely, and to 
the middle beneath more or less red; 2nd segment of 
abdomen, base of 8rd, and legs, red; base of coxe 
sometimes more or less fuscous; apex of hind femora 
and tibiz blackish brown; extreme base of hind tibie 
brown. Wings with a slight fuscous tinge; stigma and 
nervure brown; base of wings and stigma white. 
Length 3°75—4 mm. 


Three females taken in the neighbourhood of Exeter by 
Mr. G. C. Bignell on September 23rd, 1882. In Rev. T. 
A. Marshall’s collection are specimens from Sandwich, 
Milford Haven, and Braemar. 


Since the above was written I have seen another speci- 
men taken by the Rev. W. W. Fowler; it differs from 
Mr. Bignell’s specimens in having the abdomen not so 
broad, but in no other respect. Dr. Capron has also 
taken this variety in the neighbourhood of Shere. This 
species appears to be generally distributed, and is pro- 
bably not uncommon. 


Flemiteles subannulatus, n. s. 
Abdominis medio et pedibus rufis, antennarum annulo 
albo, fascia alarum fusca. 


Opaque, closely and finely punctate; head, seen in 
front, subtriangular, narrow behind the eyes; clypeus 
indistinctly separated from the face; a slight protuber- 
ance below the antenne, canaliculate above; Ist and 
2nd joint of flagellum of equal length, about three times 
as long as wide. Mesothorax trilobed ; groove before the 
scutellum finely aciculate; metathorax long; supero- 
medial area hexagonal, a little wider behind than in 
front, about twice as long as wide; coste fine but 
distinct, the posterior transverse one and those on the 
posterior part of the metathorax very prominent; postero- 
medial area well defined, and, seen sideways, the pos- 
terior lateral costa appears in the form of a distinct 
spine ; Ist abdominal segment almost gradually tapering 
from base to apex, slightly more than twice as long as 
wide, the apex nearly three times as wide as the base, 
apical margin distinctly trilobed; spiracles obsolete ; 
post-petiole marked with an oval depression ; abdomen 
elongate, ovate; 2nd and 8rd segments of equal length ; 
the 8rd the widest, and about twice as wide as long, 
this rather wider than the thorax ; aculeus about as long 


148 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's 


as the ist segment, or one-third the length of the 
abdomen. Legs slender. Areolet pentagonal, wider 
than long, recurrent nervure received before the middle, 
the posterior inferior angle of the discoidal cell opposite 
the corresponding angle of the areolet, transverse anal 
nervure subopposite, distinctly divided just below the 
middle, nervure distinct. 

Black; legs, apex of 1st, 2nd to 4th segments of 
abdomen, pale chestnut-red; the 3rd and 4th fuscous at 
the sides; apex of abdomen pale; 4th to 7th joints of 
flagellum more or less marked with white above, nearly 
ringed in the middle; 1st and 2nd joints rufo-fuscous at ° 
the base ; base of wings yellowish ; stigma brown, apex 
white; nervures fuscous; a diffused fuscous cloud run- 
ning across the wing, beginning about opposite the 
middle of the stigma. Length, 5 mm. 

Taken by Dr. Capron in the neighbourhood of Shere. 


Hemiteles nixtus, n. 8. 

Basi antennarum, pedibus, abdominisque medio, rufis ; 
aculeo dimidio abdomine longiore. 

Head and thorax smooth and shining, with scattered 
white pubescence ; head somewhat buccated behind the 
eyes; apex of clypeus rounded, separated from the face. 
Antenne short and stout, as in Phygadeuon, rather 
more than half the length of the insect; 1st joint of 
flagellum about three times as long as wide, the 2nd a 
little longer than wide ; thorax a little longer than high ; 
mesothorax faintly trilobed in front; upper part of 
metathorax shorter than the back part; are distinct ; 
supero-medial area an irregular transverse hexagon, the 
posterior transverse line terminating laterally in a dis- 
tinct spine ; posterior part of metathorax with a defined 
postero-medial area. Abdomen smooth and shining ; 
1st segment elongate ; sides of petiole parallel ; spiracles 
slightly projecting from this point to apex of segment, 
cradually widening to about twice the width of the 
petiole; the segment is a little longer than the hind 
coxe and trochanters; abdomen ovate, the base of the 
8rd segment the widest, the 2nd and remaining segments 
transverse ; the apical half of the abdomen with long 
erect hairs, very much scattered ; aculeus two-thirds the 
length of the abdomen; legs slender. Wings, outer 
nervure of areolet incomplete, the exterior inferior angle 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 149 


of discoidal cell opposite the middle of the areolet, the 
nervure straight, transverse anal divided just below the 
middle. 

Black; mouth, mandibles, antenne to just beyond the 
middle, legs, the 2nd and 3rd segments of abdomen, red ; 
the latter brown in the middle; stigma and nervures 
brown ; base of wing pale. ¢?. Length, 3°5 mm. 

Var. 1. 3rd segment of abdomen red only at the base ; 
hind femora brownish to the middle ; apical joint of all 
the tarsi and apex of joints of hind tarsi brown. 


This insect has the antennz of Phygadeuon, but the 
legs and wings of Hemiteles. I have taken one specimen 
at Brundall; Dr. Capron has taken one at Shere; and 
another, the var. 1, was taken at Tunbridge Wells early 
in September, 1881, by Jonkheer J. W. May. 


Hemiteles ruficaudatus, n. s. 


Pedibus abdominisque apice rufis. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen smooth and shining, with 
very fine rather dense pubescence; head above trans- 
verse, scarcely slanting behind the eyes; antenne two- 
thirds the length of the insect; 1st joint of flagellum 
about four times as long as wide, remainder gradually 
decreasing in length ; apical joints quadrate. Thorax a 
little longer than high; mesothorax trilobed in front, 
lines distinctly impressed ; metathorax short, the upper 
part shorter than the back part; arez distinct, supero- 
medial transverse, postero-medial area defined; this 
again divided by a central longitudinal line ; the thorax 
scarcely wider than the head. Abdomen fusiform ; 1st 
segment elongate, with scarcely projecting spiracles, 
gradually tapering from base to apex, which is about 
twice the width of the base, more than three times as 
long as the width of the apex; post-petiole with a 
central groove, this sometimes extending on to the 
petiole ; 2nd segment nearly as long as the width of the 
apex, which is the widest part; remainder transverse ; 
aculeus one-fourth the length of the abdomen. Legs 
slender. Wings, exterior nervure of areolet wanting, or 
almost so; transverse anal divided one-third from the 
bottom. 

Black ; 1st joint of flagellum and greater part of the 
2nd red. Legs red; apex of hind tibie and tarsi brown, 
sometimes hind knees browned. Abdomen red; 1st 


150 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's 


segment and a bifurcate blotch at the apex of 2nd black ; 
apex of abdomen slightly piceous ; nervures and stigma 
dark brown; base of wings and tegule pale. Length, 
4—5°5 mm. 

Dr. Capron has taken several females of this insect in 
the neighbourhood of Shere, and to him I am indebted 
for specimens. 


Hemiteles vicinus, Gr. 


Gravenhorst described the female only. Pastor M. 
Kawall bred the male, which he recorded in Stett. Ent. - 
Zeit., xvi., 230, but does not describe it, contenting 
himself with saying that it is much like H. melanarius, 
Ge. 

The male in structure is very like the female, but the 
abdomen is not quite so wide, and is quite black. Legs 
black ; front femora red, base black ; intermediate one 
black, apex red; hind one entirely black; tibie red ; 
apical third of hind one black; apical margin of seg- 
ments smooth and shining. Taschenberg says the pos- 
terior face of the metathorax is without the intermediate 
lines. 


Mr. Bignell bred two males and sixteen females (and 
from which this description is taken) on July 8th, 1882, 
from a pupa of Argynnis Paphia from the New Forest ; 
these have the lines more or less distinct. 


Hemiteles incisus, n. 8. 
Abdominis medio, pedibusque rufis, alis fasciis fuscis. 


Head somewhat shining, with very fine, somewhat 
scattered, punctures. Antenne rather more than half 
the length of the insect, reaching to the apex of the 2nd 
segment, filiform; two first joints of the flagellum sub- 
equal in length, about four times as long as wide, the 
remainder gradually diminishing in length, the space 
between the eyes slightly narrower above than below ; 
head transverse. Thorax as wide as the head, a little 
longer than high; mesothorax rather wider than long, 
trilobed, divisions not deep, extending to the centre, 
lateral lobes distinctly punctured ; punctures not very 
close; front half of middle lobe scabriculous, posterior 
half aciculate, interstices smooth and shiniug ; scutellum 
smooth and shining, with a few scattered punctures ; 


Catalogue of British Ichnewnonide. 151 


metathorax shining, rather coarsely rugose, the two 
transverse lines very distinct and prominent, the lateral 
lines not so distinct, being confounded with longitudinal 
rugosities between the transverse lines; middle area an 
irregular hexagon twice as wide in front as behind, the 
boundaries of the upper lateral areze twice as long as 
those of the lower lateral aree ; back part of metathorax 
without central lines, so that a postero-medial area is 
not defined, the lateral aree terminating laterally in a 
subacute process. Abdomen rather longer than head 
and thorax; 1st segment of abdomen distinctly acicu- 
late; basal half of the 2nd finely aciculate ; remainder 
smooth and shining, with stiff scattered pubescence ; Ist 
segment gradually sloping from base to apex; sides of 
post-petiole slightly rounding, about twice as long as the 
width of the apex, this about four times as wide as the 
base ; remaining segments transverse ; apex of 2nd the 
widest; from here gradually sloping to the apex; in- 
cisions between the segments very distinct; aculeus 
rather more than one-fourth the length of the abdomen. 
Legs moderate. Areolet of wings pentagonal; outer 
nervure wanting; exterior inferior angle of discoidal 
cell beyond the corresponding angle of areolet; trans- 
verse anal divided below the centre; nervures of front 
wing and stigma dark brown, the latter white at the 
apex ; base of wing and first division of the costa pale, 
a dark fuscous cloud running across the wing from the 
stigma; 1st, 2nd, and greater part of 3rd joints of 
antenne, legs, apex of 1st, 2nd to 4th segments of abdo- 
men, red. Male. Length, 5°5 mm. 


A female taken by Mr. Billups at Chobham. 


Hemiteles distinctus, n.s. 

Abdominis medio pedibusque rufis, segmentis primo et 
secundo aciculato. 

Head and thorax finely reticulate; head transverse, 
inner orbits parallel, face transverse, cheeks not buccated, 
clypeus not distinctly separated from the face. Antenne 
slender, rather swollen before the apex; 1st joint of 
flagellum about four times as long as wide, remainder 
gradually decreasing in length; 9th quadrate ; antenne 
almost as long as the body. Thorax about one-half 
longer than high ; metathorax with the two transverse 
lines only moderately pubescent, slanting part with the 


152 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s 


two central lines. Abdomen about as long and as wide 
as the head and thorax ; 1st segment gradually tapering 
to the spiracles, which are situated just behind the 
middle and not prominent; post-petiole longer than 
wide, sides almost parallel, about twice as wide as the 
petiole, the segment two and a half times as long as the 
width of the apex, distinctly but finely aciculate; the 
2nd rather longer than wide, faintly but decidedly acicu- 
late, the remainder transverse; the whole abdomen with 
moderately scattered stiff pubescence, as is the crown of 
the head; aculeus about one-fourth of the abdomen. 
Legs slender. Areolet pentagonal; transverse ordinary - 
nervure interstitial; transverse discoidal divided just 
below the middle ; transverse anal subopposite, divided 
one-third from the bottom. 

Black ; legs, 2nd and 3rd segments of abdomen, pale 
chestnut ; these latter have a little darker spot on each 
side; hind coxe black-brown, apex pale; apical half of 
hind femora stained with fuscous; base and apex of 
hind tibiz and all the tarsi the same colour. Stigma 
pies nervures piceous; base of wings yellowish. Length, 

mm. 

One female taken by Mr. G. C. Bignell in the neigh- 
bourhood of Exeter on September 28rd, 1882. 

The structure of the metathorax and sculpture of the 
abdomen are different from any description that I have 
seen. 

Theroscopus niger, n. 8. 

Niger, pedibus rufis, coxis posticis piceis. 

Head shining, with a few scattered white hairs, hardly 
wider than the thorax, narrow behind the eyes, seen 
from above somewhat globose. Antenne shorter than 
the insect ; 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum about equal 
in length, about four times as long as wide; the 5th 
twice as long as wide. Thorax rather longer than high ; 
mesothorax trilobed, punctate, punctures on the middle 
lobe running into longitudinal aciculations ; metathorax 
with finely divided but distinct areew; supero-medial 
hexagonal, the lower lateral borders shorter than the 
upper ones; the posterior face without the lines de- 
fining a postero-medial area; the whole metathorax 
finely rugose and of normal length. Abdomen elongate- 
ovate, longer than the head and thorax, but not wider ; 
1st segment without projecting spiracles, about twice as 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 158 


long as the width of the apex,—this about four times as 
wide as the base, aciculate, as is the basal half of the 
2nd segment; remaining segments transverse, and 
covered with scattered pubescence ; aculeus about one- 
half the length of the abdomen. Legs moderate. Re- 
mains of wings barely visible. 


Black ; the last three segments have the apical margin 
pale ; legs brownish red ; hind coxe brown; apical half 
of hind femora, a ring before the base, apex of middle 
and hind tibiz, and apex of tarsal joints of hinder legs, 
slightly fuscous. Female. Length, 4:5 mm. 


One female taken by Mr. Cameron at Kingussie. 


This appears to be a very distinct species, and, accord- 
ing to Foerster’s definition, hardly belongs to this genus, 
it having the metathorax furnished with complete are. 
Several of his genera do not appear at all satisfactory ; 
this species and Aptesis heniptera might go into the 
division having the metathorax with arex, as might also 
Mr. Marshall’s two species; then Aptesis hemiptera 
might be a Theroscopus by the structure of its Ist abdo- 
minal segment. Catalytus, again metathorax without 
are, contains one species or variety which has the 
wings of Aptesis, and which I unfortunately was led into 
describing as a new species (vide Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1882, p. 141), Aptesis Foersterti = Catalytus Mangert = 
2 C. fulveolatus, var. = ? C. longipennis, vay. 


Hemimachus piceus, n. 8. 

Niger, pedibus maximis ex parte piceo-rufis. 

Head, thorax, and Ist segment of abdomen opaque, 
finely reticulate; remainder of the abdomen smooth, 
but densely covered with fine pubescence. Head above 
transverse, slightly sloping behind the eyes; face longer 
than wide; cheeks slightly buccated ; clypeus separated 
from the face ; apex widely rotundate ; mandibular teeth 
subequal. Antenne rather more than three-fourths the 
length of the body; the first three or four joints of the 
flagellum subequal in length, about three times as long 
as wide; the 1st joint of the scape hardly so long as 
wide ; antenne and face pubescent. Thorax about one- 
third longer than high ; mesothorax trilobed, the lines 
reaching to the middle of the disc; scutellum convex, a 
little higher than the mesothorax, keels only just 


154 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s 


reaching to the base ; metathorax rather long, the aree 
indicated by very fine lines; supero-medial area hexa- 
gonal, longer than wide, not closed above, or rarely so ; 
lateral arez divided, posterior transverse line slightly 
defined ; postero-medial area not defined. Abdomen 
elongate, cylindrical, not wider than the thorax, and as 
long as the head and thorax; the 8rd and 4th segments 
slightly the widest; 1st segment tapering from base to 
apex, varying in width at the apex from twice to three 
times the width of the base, the segment of normal 
length, the spiracles projecting, situated in the centre of 
the segment, a shallow groove in the middle, with faint 
keels not extending to the apex; 2nd segment rather 
longer than wide; 8rd subquadrate; the remainder 
transverse. Legs slender. Areolet of wings penta- 
gonal, when the outer nervure is present longer than 
wide, rather narrow above; external inferior angle of 
the discoidal cell opposite the corresponding angle of 
the areolet, if not a little beyond; stigma rather short, 
twice as long as wide; radial cell short and deep ; trans- 
verse ordinary nervure not interstitial ; transverse dis- 
coidal divided nearly one-third from the bottom ; trans- 
verse anal nervure of hind wing nearly straight, inter- 
rupted below the middle ; emitting nervure subobsolete. 

Black; legs red; front coxe sometimes entirely red, 
or the base black; middle coxe red, or more or less 
black; hind ones entirely black, or apex red; all the 
trochanters more or less marked with brown; middle 
femora sometimes with a fuscous stain above at the - 
apex ; hind femora with a more or less distinct fuscous 
line above; hind tibize with the apical half more or less 
distinctly stained with fuscous above, less so beneath, 
and a fuscous mark above before the base, this some- 
times almost entirely absent; middle and hind tarsi 
fuscous, sometimes apex of front ones; mouth and 
under side of scape of antennz sometimes piceous-red ; 
stigma fuscous; nervures of front wings fuscous, hind 
ones pale; base of wings and tegule pale. Length, 
4°5 mm. 


These males I took by sweeping in the beginning of 
August, 1882, at Mousehold, near Norwich, but unfortu- 
nately took no female that might belong to the same 
species ; they had evidently only just emerged from the 
pupa. Ihave no doubt but that they are males of one 
of the black Pezomachus, two species of which, with 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 155 


the same leg-coloration, are not uncommon in the same 
neighbourhood. 


Hemimachus hyponomeute, n. s. 


Pedibus rufis; segmento secundo abdominis rufis, 
fascia media nigra. 


Finely reticulate, opaque; head transverse, slanting 
behind the eyes; 1st joint of flagellum rather more than 
four times as long as wide; following joints gradually 
tapering to about the middle ; the remaining ones sub- 
equal. Antenne as long as the insect. Mesothorax 
trilobed, the lines reaching to the middle of the disc ; 
metathorax without superior arex, the transverse line 
strongly projecting without interruption; 1st segment 
of the abdomen gradually tapering, nearly twice as wide 
at the apex as at the base; spiracles very prominent ; 
post-petiole about one and a half times as long as wide ; 
2nd segment about one-fourth longer than wide; re- 
mainder transverse. Abdomen about as wide as the 
thorax ; apex of 8rd segment the widest. Legs slender. 
Areolet of wings pentagonal ; outer nervures wanting ; 
transverse anal nervure divided below the middle. 

Scape and Ist joint of flagellum red, the former 
stained with brown; apical third of 1st segment of 
abdomen, base and apex of 2nd segment, red; the black 
band in the middle of this latter segment rather more 
than one-third the width of the segment. Legs red; 
apical half of hind femora slightly stained with brown, 
as also is apex of hind tibize and apical portion of the 
tarsal joints. Base of wings pale; nervures and stigma 
fuscous, the latter white at the base. Length, 5 mm. 


Bred from Hyponomeuta evonymellus by Mr. Mosley. 


This insect at first sight is very much like Pezomachus 
zonatus, but the head is narrower behind the eyes ; the 
1st abdominal segment, although the same shape, is 
stouter, and the spiracles much more prominent; the 
metathorax has no arez, and the coxe are red. 


Hemimachus rufotinctus, n. 8. 


Prothorace, scutelli apice, abdominis medio, pedibus- 
que castaneo-rufis, posticis coxis femoribus piceis. 


Opaque, reticulate ; head rather wider than the thorax, 
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) N 


156 . Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's 


buccated, seen from above the portion behind the eyes 
about equal to one-half the width of the eyes ; 1st joint 
of flagellum the longest, about four times as long as 
wide, the remainder gradually decreasing in length, 
filiform, a little shorter than the insect. Thorax longer 
than high ; mesothorax trilobed, the lines distinctly im- 
pressed in front ; metathorax of ordinary length, sloping 
in a curve almost from base to apex, with indications of 
an elongate pentagonal supero-medial area, not closed 
behind ; posterior transverse line only defined at the 
sides. Abdomen ovate, about as long as the head and 
thorax, and a little wider than the latter; the 1st seg- 
ment is slightly longer than three times the width of the 
base ; spiracles very prominent ; post-petiole about one- 
fourth longer than wide, and not quite twice the width 
of the petiole; 2nd segment subquadrate, %.e., as long 
as the width of the apex; remainder transverse, the 
3rd and 4th the widest, and of about equal width ; the 
apical half of the abdomen covered with pubescence, 
about midway between dense and very scattered. Legs 
slender. Wings, outer nervure of areolet wanting, 
recurrent nervure curved towards the apex of the wing, 
transverse ordinary interstitial, no nervelet, transverse 
anal opposite, divided one-third from the bottom, emit- 
ting nervure distinct. 

Scape and base of 1st joint of flagellum partly pale 
chestnut-red; collar and apex of scutellum dull red; 
apex of 1st segment of abdomen, 2nd and 3rd, pale 
chestnut-red, the 2nd with a transverse fuscous stain in 
the middle, the 8rd with a large brownish black mark 
which occupies almost the entire segment. Legs pale 
chestnut-red ; front femora behind, intermediate ones in 
front, with a fuscous line; hind coxe, hind femora, 
except the base, fuscous ; apex of middle and hind tibie 
slightly stained. Wings stained with a slightly darker 
band across the wing before the stigma, and another 
from the middle of the stigma to the apex of the wing, 
an irregular white line running along the recurrent 
discoidal nervure; both the radial nervure and stigma 
brown, the latter white at the base. Length, 4°5 mm. 


Male taken at Felthorpe, near Norwich. 


This insect, which I have little doubt is the male of 
one of the Pezomachus group, appears to me to be un- 
described. In many respects it agrees very well with 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 157 


H. variabilis, Ratz., but from the meagre description (Die 
Ichneumonen, vol. iii., p. 158) it would be impossible to 
say it was not that species; Hr. Brischke, in Schrift. d. 
natur. Gesell. in. Danzig, 1876, says that H. variabilis, 
Ratz., is the male of Pezomachus cursitans, Gr., and is the 
maleof Hemiteles palpator, Gr.,and confirms the statement 
in l. c., 1878, p. 202, but in neither gives any description 
of the abdomen generally. Gravenhorst (Ich. Eur., vol. 
il., p. 819) says :—‘‘ Abdomen capitis thoracisque longi- 
tudine, maris thorace paulo angustius, oblongum” ; in 
rufocinctus it is rather wider than the thorax. 


Henimachus rufipes, n. 8. 
Basi antennarum, pedibus, abdominisque basi rufis. 


Subopaque, densely and finely reticulate ; head trans- 
verse, narrow behind the eyes; cheeks not buccated ; 
face slightly protuberant, transverse, inner orbits parallel. 
Clypeus separated from the face ; apex rotundate ; man- 
dibular teeth subequal. Antenne about as long as the 
insect ; 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum of about equal 
length, about four times as long as wide. Thorax nearly 
one-third longer than high; anterior part of meso- 
thorax indistinctly trilobed ; upper part of metathorax 
about as long as the back part, with two transverse 
curved lines, but no horizontal lines defining a supero- 
medial area; Ist abdominal segment rather long and 
slender; post-petiole one-third longer than wide; 
spiracles rather prominent, one-third wider than the 
petiole, and a little shorter than it ; 2nd segment rather 
longer than wide ; remainder transverse, the 4th seg- 
ment the widest. Legs slender. Areolet inperfect ; 
transverse anal nervure scarcely ante-furchal, divided 
about one-third from the bottom; no trace of nervelet 
in cubito-discoidal nervure. 

Mouth, base of antenne, and legs red ; two small red 
spots on upper part of collar; 1st abdominal segment 
red, sides to middle of post-petiole stained with brown ; 
2nd segment entirely red; 3rd red, more or less marked 
with a transverse central brown band, sometimes almost 
obsolete ; apical margin of remaining segments some- 
times pale; stigma fuscous; nervures rather faint. 
Length,4mm. Male. 


I have two males taken in the neighbourhood. of 
Norwich in July. 


158 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's 


Hemimachus ovatus, n. 8. 


Abdomine ovato, basi antennarum, abdomine medio 
pedibusque rufis. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen finely and densely reticu- 
late, opaque. Head narrow behind the eyes; face 
slightly protuberant, subquadrate, a little longer than 
wide ; sides parallel; cheeks not buccated. Antenne 
about as long as the body ; Ist and 2nd joints of flagellum 
subequal, about four times as long as wide. Thorax 
rather longer than high ; mesothorax distinctly trilobed, 
the depressions between the lobes extending to the scu- 
tellum ; metathorax short, without arex, the hinder 
transverse line only present, and that feeble; 1st abdo- 
minal segment rather short ; petiole scarcely longer than 
the post-petiole, which is quadrate, rather more than 
twice as wide as the petiole; spiracles projecting and 
very prominent. Abdomen oblong-ovate, rather wider 
than the thorax, and about as long as the head and 
thorax ; 2nd and remaining segments transverse, apex 
of 2nd and 3rd the widest. Legs slender. Wings clear ; 
stigma fuscous, the imperfect areolet very small ; cubito- 
discoidal nervure with a trace of nervelet, the transverse 
anal nervure ante-furchal, and divided one-third from the 
bottom. 

Mouth, base of antenne, and legs red; 1st segment 
of abdomen red ; base and sides of petiole dark brown, 
a fuscous stain across the middle of the post-petiole ; 
2nd segment red, with a faint fuscous stain across the ~ 
middle; 3rd red, with a wide brown irregular mark 
across the segment, nearly obliterating the red; stigma 
and nervures fuscous; base of wings pale. Length, 
4°5 mm. 


One male taken at Brundall, Sept. 15th, 1881. 


Hemimachus rufocinctus. 


Under the above name, in a collection that belonged 
to Mr. Marshall, are four male: insects which do not 
agree either with Taschenberg’s description of Hemiteles 
rufocinctus, Gr., nor to Hr. Brischke’s description of 
Hemimachus rufocinctus, Ratz., which is the male of 
Foerster’s Pezomachus instabilis. 'Taschenberg says that 
H. rufocinctus, Gr., has on the metathorax two transverse 
lines longitudinally wrinkled between them, but no 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 159 


supero-medial area laterally defined. Hr. Brischke says 
that H. rufocinctus, Ratz., is the male of P. instabilis, 
and is different from H. rufocinctus, Gr., and that it has 
an elongated pentagonal supero-medial area on the meta- 
thorax. Mr. Marshall’s insect does not belong to either 
of these ; the metathorax is very short, has no trace of 
Supero-medial area, and but part of one transverse line 
is present, and that only at the sides; the true Hemi- 
machus rufocinctus, like P. instabilis, has the abdomen 
covered with scattered hairs, whilst Mr. Marshall’s in- 
sect is densely covered with pubescence. 

Mr. Bignell has bred two females and a male which 
may be a variety of Hemimachus rufocinctus, but they 
are smaller than this insect generally is; the male has 
only a flattened depression indicating the supero-medial 
area, and the female has the legs almost entirely black- 
brown, and not the greater part red, as is generally the 
case. I have seen this variety from Dr. Capron and Mr. 
Billups, and have taken it myself. As I have seen no 
insect described at all like Mr. Marshall’s males, I have 
added a description and suggest that it should be named 
H. confusus. Dy. Capron has kindly given me a speci- 
men of this insect. 

Apex of Ist segment of abdomen, base and apex of 
2nd, and base of 3rd, reddish; greater part of front 
legs, all the tibie and tarsi, reddish; stigma fuscous. 
Antenne about three-fourths the length of the insect ; 
joints of flagellum shorter than usual; 1st joint rather 
more than three times as long as wide; 2nd and 3rd 
subequal in length, rather shorter than the Ist, gradually 
decreasing in length, none of the joints exactly quad- 
rate, the whole antenne pilose ; head somewhat buccated 
behind the eyes, a little wider than the thorax. Thorax 
about as long as high ; mesothorax not trilobed; meta- 
thorax very short, almost inclining from base to apex, 
rough, no trace of supero-medial area; posterior trans- 
verse line defined only at the sides; 1st segment of 
abdomen elongate, tapering from base to apex ; tubercles 
more or less distinct ; post-petiole nearly one-half longer 
than wide. Abdomen elongate-ovate, the 8rd segment 
the widest, the whole abdomen covered with dense pube- 
scence ; 2nd segment nearly as long as the width of the 
apex; remaining ones transverse. Areolet of wings 
imperfect; transverse anal nervure divided one-third 
from the bottom. The whole insect is opaque, finely 
reticulate. Male. Length, 3°5—4 mm. 


160 Myr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s 


Hemimachus annulicornis, Marsh. MS. 


? = Pezomachus juvenilis, Foerst., Mon. d. Gat. Pez., 
1S6,. (250 9ie 


In the ‘Entomologist’s Annual,’ 1874, p. 127, the 
Rev. T. A. Marshall mentions the male and female of a 
small Pezomachus, which he took in numbers at Milford 
Haven. I have lately had an opportunity of examining 
these insects: the female I believe to be Pezomachus 
juvenilis, Foerst., an insect named and described from a 
single specimen, as the majority of Foerster’s species 
were. 

Mr. Bignell has taken this same species in plenty in 
the neighbourhood of Plymouth, and I find, although 
there is no variation in structure, the depth of colour 
and the size vary much. The length given by Foerster 
appears to be the minimum; in a series from Mr. 
Bignell now before me I find they vary from 2 mm. to 
nearly 4 mm. in length; in some instances the head is 
nearly as light coloured as the thorax, while in others 
it is quite dark red. The fuscous bands on the 8rd and 
4th abdominal segments also vary in intensity. The 
male being undescribed, I have ventured to add a de- 
scription of it :— 


Basi abdominis, pedibus, et basi antennarum, rufis. 


Antenne long and slender, rather longer than the 
insect ; 1st joint of flagellum about five times as long as 
wide, 2nd rather shorter, gradually decreasing in length, 
none exactly quadrate ; head subglobose, much wider 
than the thorax. Thorax about one-third longer than 
high, narrow; mesothorax not trilobed; upper part of 
metathorax slightly longer than the back part; trans- 
verse ridge distinct, but without supero-medial area ; 1st 
segment of abdomen somewhat elongate, gradually 
tapering to the region of the spiracles; from thence 
sides parallel; post-petiole not quite one-half longer 
than wide. Abdomen about as wide as the thorax; the 
4th segment the widest ; the 2nd one-third longer than 
wide ; the remainder transverse. The wings vary from 
normal size to more or less abbreviated ; the neuration 
towards the apex imperfect. 

Head black; base of antennze more or less red or 
piceous. Thorax pale piceous; 1st, 2nd, and greater 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 161 


part of 8rd segment ochraceous or pale piceous-red ; 
legs of the same colour, as well as stigma and nervures. 
Length, 2 mm. or a little more. 


Aptesis Foerstert. 

Last year I described this species as new. I now find 
it is only a very short-winged Catalytus, a genus I had 
not then seen. This appears tobe C. Mangeri, Gr. Last 
summer I took a male with almost fully-developed wings, 
and have seen a female of C. fulveolatus, Gr., and, 
except the length of the wings, could detect no difference 
between them. It seems to me that Catalytus is a very 
weak genus; in fact there seems no distinct generic 
characters to separate Catalytus, Aptesis, and Theros- 
copus from one another, and they might fairly be included 
in one genus; perhaps Oresbius, Marshall, would not be 
much out of place if associated with them. 


Pezomachus dubitator, Foerst. 


In a previous paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 
p- 156), under the above heading, I noticed a Pezomachus 
which I thought might be the above species. I have 
now but little doubt that they do not belong to this 
species, but are small dark varieties of Pezomachus analis, 
Foerst., having only the first two segments red, and 
sometimes the 2nd is deeply stained with brown. I find 
in almost all the species of Pezomachus that I have seen 
in any number that colour cannot be depended on for 
specific distinction. The one under discussion varies 
from having only the 1st segment of the abdomen red 
to those having the abdomen almost entirely red, only 
one or two of the apical segments being stained with 
brown. 

Mr. Bignell has been fortunate enough to breed the 
dark variety, and with this three males which agree 
exactly with Foerster’s description of P. conveniens, 
Mon. Pez., 281, 195. Of these three, two are rather 
darker than the description whilst the other is as 
described by Foerster. They were bred from Zygena 
filipendule. 


162 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s 


Pezomachus brevis, un. 8. 

Niger, pedibus piceis. 

This species comes in Foerster’s division A. II. a. yy., 
next to P. pumilus, but is much larger, and the 7th joint 
of the antenne is only a little longer than broad. 
Foerster says the thorax is of ordinary length, with the 
metathorax short; in this the meso- and metathorax 
are of the same length, and very short; 2nd joint of 
flagellum a little longer than the 1st, this about two and 
a half times as long as broad; 5th rather longer than 
wide ; head transverse, much wider than the thorax ; 
_ meso- and metathorax of about equal length, very short ; 
metathorax with no trace of the transverse line. Thorax 
much higher than long; back part of metathorax flat 
and slanting. Abdomen ovate; spiracles scarcely pro- 
truding ; post-petiole broad; abdomen covered with 
scattered hairs; aculeus not quite so long as the Ist 
segment. 

Black ; scape and 1st joint of flagellum reddish brown; 
mouth and legs brownish red, four anterior femora 
towards the base rather darker; hind femora reddish 
brown, as is the extreme apex of hind tibize below; in- 
cisions of anterior segments of the abdomen slightly 
pale ; 6th segment entirely pale. Length about 4 mm. 


Taken by Mr. F. P. Pascoe at Dover. 


Pezomachus hieracti, n. 8. 
Niger, pedibus piceis. 


This Pezomachus belongs to Foerster’s division A. I. h., 
and comes next to P. tener. 


Head transverse, rather slanting behind the eyes. 
Antenne moderate ; 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum sub- 
equal in length, about three times as long as wide, the 
5th rather longer than wide; mesothorax short ; meso- 
and metathorax of equal length, the back part of the 
latter slanting and flat, without the transverse ridge; 
1st segment of abdomen broad at the apex; spiracles 
not projecting ; the remaining segments transverse ; the ~ 
2nd and 8rd much shorter than usual, scarcely so deep 
as the width of the apex of the Ist segment, densely and 
uniformly covered with pubescence; aculeus a little 
longer than the 1st segment. 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 163 


Black ; base of 1st joint of flagellum pale; apex of 
1st abdominal piceous; legs lighter or darker piceous ; 
trochanters pale; apex of front and middle femora 
reddish ; front tibie and tarsi reddish; base of middle 
tibiz, middle and apex of hind tibiz, and tarsi, reddish ; 
apical joints of tarsidark. Length, 2°75—3°5 mm. 

The smaller of these was taken by Mr. Billups at Bur- 
ford Bridge, Sept., 1881; the larger ones were bred by 
Mr. Billups and Mr. Bignell from galls of Aulax hieracii. 


Pezomachus vagans, Oliv. 


In the middle of July I bred both sexes of this Pezo- 
machus from a spider’s nest, and, as I believe the male 
is undescribed, I here give a description. 


Niger, abdominis medio pedibusque rufis, femoribus et 
tibiis posticis piceis; alis completis. 

Subopaque, finely and densely punctured; head seen 
above somewhat square, seen in front subrotund, rather 
wider than long; cheeks slightly rounded, not descend- 
ing below the base of the mandibles ; clypeus separated 
from the face, rounded at the apex, a moderate pro- 
tuberance between the clypeus and the antenne in the 
middle of the face, a distinctly impressed line in the 
centre, reaching from the antenne to the anterior ocellus, 
the space between the eyes wider below than above. 
Antenne slender, slightly swollen from just before the 
middle, a little thinner again at the apex; 1st and 2nd 
joints of flagellum of equal length, the 1st about four 
times as long as wide, all the joints longer than wide; 
the 7th one-third wider than the lst ; antenne about as 
long as the insect. Thorax elongate, about one-third 
longer than high; mesothorax a regular diamond in 
shape, parapsides faintly defined, a well-marked de- 
pression running from the scutellum to almost the middle 
of the mesothorax; metathorax, seen from above the 
upper part is not quite so long as the width between the 
spiracles, without arez, posterior transverse line strongly 
developed, the punctures or reticulations running trans- 
versely backward from the centre, forming wavy delicate 
rugosities ; back part slightly sloping, with no perpen- 
dicular lines, but a distinct costa at the bottom; 1st 
segment of abdomen about as long or a little longer than 
the hind coxe ; spiracles about in the middle and rather 


164 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s 


prominent; post-petiole but slightly wider than the 
petiole ; the 4th segment the widest ; the 2nd as long as 
the width of the apex; remainder transverse; the 4th 
and following segments with short, rather scattered, 
hairs. Legs slender. Wings of normal length, but 
narrow ; stigma elongate; radial cell almost parallel ; 
areolet pentagonal, outer nervure wanting; posterior 
inferior angle of discoidal cell about opposite to the 
corresponding angle of the areolet; cubito-discoidal 
nervure without a trace of nervelet ; transverse discoidal 
divided far above the middle; transverse anal slightly 
geniculated below the centre, but without emitting ner- 
vure. 

~ Black ; apex of 1st abdominal segment, 2nd and 3rd, 
red, sides of the latter sometimes piceous. Legs rufo- 
testaceous ; middle femora slightly piceous in the middle ; 
hind femora nigro-piceous, base red; middle tibiw, apex 
slightly piceous ; hind tibie, apex and outside almost to 
the base nigro-piceous ; hind tarsi and apex of front and 
middle ones slightly browned ; base of hind coxe some- 
times the same. Wings slightly smoky; nervures and 
stigma brown, apex of latter white ; base of wings pale. 
Length, 3 mm. 


OPHIONIDA. 
Anomalon perspicuum, Wesm. 


Wesm., Buli. d. Belgique, xvi., 127, 7; Holm., 
Consp. Anom. Suec., 176, 10; Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec., 
py eae Ue 


Mr. E. Atmore, of Lynn, bred this Anomalon from 
Cleora lichenaria in June last year. 


Sagaritis raptor, Zett. 

Porizon raptor, Zett., Ins. Lapp., 396, 4. 

Sagaritis raptor, Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec., 44,2,¢,2. 

I took a female Sagaritis at Brundall, near Norwich, 
in July, which agrees almost exactly with Holmgren’s 
description of S. raptor; the only differences are that 
the supero-medial area of the metathorax is hardly 
transverse, the 2nd segment of the abdomen is almost 
entirely red, and the hind tibie entirely so. 


Catalogue of British Ichneuwmonide. 165 


Sagaritis incisa, n. 8. 

Niger, femoribus, tibiis tarsisque maxima ex parte 
rufis, post-petiolo scrobiculis tribus, segmento secundo 
transversim impresso; aculeo segmento primo dimidio 
breviore. 


Face subquadrate; mandibular teeth subequal. An- 
‘tenne a little shorter than the thorax and abdomen ; 
head transverse, narrow behind the eyes, rather wider 
than the thorax, with very fine white pubescence. Thorax 
rather longer than high, parapsides rather distinct, 
extending to the middle of the mesothorax; supero- 
medial area of metathorax subhexagonal, sometimes 
closed behind, sometimes not ; lateral areew imperfectly 
divided or not at all; postero-medial area wide, not 
concave. Legs moderate. Abdomen rather short and 
wide ; post-petiole rather longer than wide ; sides almost 
parallel, about three times as wide as the petiole and a 
little shorter than it; in a line with the spiracles are 
three very distinct pits, one in the middle and one on each 
side; 2nd segment a little longer than wide, with a 
wide obsolete transverse depression just below the base, 
and a very distinct deep one before the apex; 3rd and 
remaining segments transverse; aculeus one-half the 
length of the 1st segment. Wings, areolet rhomboidal, 
the shape of the areolet in Mesochorus but smaller ; 
recurrent nervure received before the centre; transverse 
ordinary nervure almost interstitial; transverse anal 
interrupted below the middle, with scarcely a trace of 
nervure proceeding from it; stigma long and narrow. 

Black ; palpi reddish yellow; legs red; coxe, base of 
front and middle trochanters, black; base and apex of 
hind tibiz, towards the apex of front and middle tarsi 
and hind one entirely fuscous; stigma and nervures 
fuscous; base of wing and tegule yellow. Length, 
5 mm. 

Two females bred by Mrs. F. Norgate. The host is 
uncertain ; the cocoon is elongate, and of uniform tawny 
brown. 

I can find no description of a Sagaritis which agrees 
with this very marked species, and the only Limneria 
which appears to me to come near it is C. seniculus, Gr., 
I. E., in., 4738, male. This species Gravenhorst notes 
as having three pits on the post-petiole, just as Mrs. 


166 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s 


Norgate’s has, but the areolet is differently shaped; and 
Ratzeburg and Brischke have assigned a very different 
female to it. 


Nemeritis rufipes, uu. 8. 
Niger, pedibus rufis. 


This insect comes next to N. macrocentra, but differs 
in having the legs entirely red, and the segments of the 
abdomen longer. 


Head transverse, narrow behind the eyes. Antenne 
about three-fourths the length of the insect. Thorax 
longer than high ; metathorax with five arez ; supero- 
medial area longer than wide; back part of metathorax 
concave. Abdomen long and slender, nearly twice as 
long as the head and thorax; 1st segment longer than 
the hind coxe and trochanters; 2nd segment nearly 
three times as long as wide; the 3rd not quite twice as 
long as wide; 4th and 5th subquadrate; 6th slightly 
transverse ; abdomen covered with fine white pubescence ; 
aculeus about two-thirds the length of the abdomen, 
very slightly curved upwards. Areolet of wings petio- 
lated ; recurrent nervure received beyond the middle ; 
the transverse anal nervure not interrupted. Legs 
slender. 

Black; legs red; extreme apex of tarsi fuscous ; 
base of wings pale straw-colour; stigma pale piceous. 
Female. Length, 7 mm. 


This very distinct species has been taken by Dr. 
Capron at Shere, who kindly gave me the specimen from 
which this description is taken. 


Mesochorus pectinipes, n. 8. 

Niger ; facie, segmentis tertii medio, pedibusque rufis, 
coxis posticis nigris. 

Head behind the eyes subbuccated ; face transverse, 
a little narrower above than below; mandibular teeth of 
equal length ; clypeus distinctly separated from the face, 
widely rotundate, smooth, with a few scattered punctures ; 
face distinctly and rather coarsely punctured, becoming 
finer and closer towards the centre; from the centre of 
the clypeus to the antenne runs a distinct ridge, and 
from this transversely below the antenne, slightly in- 
clining upwards exteriorly, is another line, which together 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 167 


resemble a capital T; a slight impression above each 
antenna; forehead smooth, with only the hair pits. 
Antenne longer than the insect ; 1st joint of flagellum 
a little longer than the 2nd and 8rd combined, which are 
subequal in length, and about three times as long as 
wide ; head and thorax covered with dirty white pube- 
scence, longer on the metathorax. Thorax longer than 
high ; mesothorax trilobed, covered with fine, regularly 
scattered, punctures ; apex of scutellum pointed ; meta- 
thorax with distinct aree ; supero-medial area elongate, 
coffin-shaped ; postero-medial complete, about as wide 
as long, curved upwards above and below. Claws of 
tarsi furnished with long close pectinations to the extreme 
apex. Abdomen longer than the head and thorax, and 
a little narrower ; 1st segment as long or a little longer 
than the hind coxe and trochanters ; spiracles situated 
just beyond the middle, between these and the apex, the 
sides slightly curved inwards; sides without keels; the 
apex one-third wider than across the spiracles, and 
rather more than twice the width of the petiole ; just 
before the apex a transverse line of faint aciculations ; 
2nd segment one-fourth longer than wide, the 3rd rather 
longer than wide, remainder transverse. Wings, trans- 
verse ordinary nervure interstitial; recurrent nervure 
received one-third from base of areolet ; transverse anal 
not divided. 

Mouth, face, cheeks, all the orbits, and base of an- 
tenne, pitchy red; margin of collar, extreme apex of 
2nd abdominal segment, back of 3rd, and a spot at the 
base of 4th, pale pitchy. Legs rufo-testaceous ; hind 
coxee black ; extreme base and apex of hind tibiz scarcely 
clouded ; 5th tarsal joint and claws dark; stigma fus- 
cous, base pale; base of wings straw-coloured. Male. 
Length, 6 mm. 

This species, which appears to me to be undescribed, 
belongs to the same division of Holmgren’s as M. 
thoracicus, distinguished by the tarsal claws being pecti- 
nated to the apex. 


One male taken in the neighbourhood of Norwich at 
the beginning of May. 


168 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshiull’s 


Mesochorus hirsutus, n. 8. 


Facie pedibusque flavidis, pectore, scutello, et dorso 
mesothoracis rufis. 


Head transverse, behind the eyes narrow; teeth of 
mandibles of equal length; face subtransverse; head 
smooth and shining; 1st joint of flagellum one-third 
longer than the 2nd, about six times as long as wide. 
Thorax longer than high, finely punctate, covered with 
fine pubescence; metathorax with five subdistinct are. 
Ist segment of abdomen a little longer than the pos- 
terior cox and trochanters; petiole rather longer than 
the post-petiole, about one-third the width ; the sides of 
the post-petiole almost parallel, marginated at the 
sides, this, as well as the rest of the abdomen, smooth 
and shining ; 2nd and remaining segments clothed with 
regularly dispersed pubescence; 2nd segment slightly 
longer than wide; 8rd subquadrate ; remainder trans- 
verse; styles shorter than usual, about one-third the 
leneth of the 1st segment. Legs moderate; claws 
pectinated to about the middle, pectinations not close. 
External radial nervure almost straight; transverse 
ordinary not quite interstitial ; recurrent nervure received 
before the middle; transverse anal neryure divided 
below the middle. Aculeus of female about as long as 
the Ist segment. 

3. Black; face, cheeks, and mouth yellowish. An- 
tenne rufo-fuscous, palest at base of flagellum ; breast © 
and sides of mesothorax testaceous; scutellum and two 
streaks at base of mesothorax dull red. Legs reddish 
straw-colour ; hind coxe and hind femora more red; 
extreme apex of hind tibie and apical joints of all the 
tarsi brownish black; stigma and nervures piceous. 
Length,8 mm. Male and female. 

The female differs from the male only in being gene- 
rally darker, the scutellum having only a trace of red, 
and the face black or blackish. 


This fine species was taken by Dr. Capron in the 
neighbourhood of Shere, and to him I am indebted for 
a specimen. It comes in Section I. C. a. ** of Holm- 
gren’s divisions of Mesochorus. 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 169 


Miomeris equisgranensis, Foerst. 
Uebersicht d. Gatt. u. Art. d. Fam. d. Plectiscoiden, 
Poy es es 
A male of this species has been taken by Mr. EK. Par- 
fitt in the neighbourhood of Exeter. 


Dicolus pectoralis, Foerst. 
Piece Oh as Ss 
This species is added to our list on the strength of a 
female which was sent to me by the Rev. T. A. Mar- 
shall. These last two insects belong to the Plectiscus 
group, which Foerster has divided into many genera ; 
both species are very distinct and easily recognised. 


TRYPHONIDA. 
Erromenus analis, Brischke. 
Brischke, D. Ich. d. Prov. W. u. O. Preus., p.101,3,?. 


Mr. J. K. Fletcher has bred a male of this species 
from Nematus crassulus ; it differs slightly from the de- 
scription in having the margins of the middle seements 
of the abdomen not pale marked, and there is a fuscous 
spot above on the hind tibie before the base, and the 
hind and intermediate tarsi are brownish stained to- 
wards their apical half. 

This species is very like an Hxochus, as Hr. Brischke 
has remarked ; the greater part of the legs are red, and 
the apex of the abdomen is red. 


Cteniscus Dahlbomi, Holm. 
Mon. Try. Suec., 242, 40, 2. 


I captured a specimen of this species at Horning Ferry, 
Norfolk, at the end of June. Mr. Bignell has also taken 
a female in the neighbourhood of Plymouth. 


Exochus niger, n. 8. 
Niger, tibiis tarsisque rufis. 


Head subquadrate, slanting behind the eyes; trans- 
verse impressions below the anterior ocellus very faint ; 
head shining, with a few scattered punctures; meso- 


170 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's 


thorax evenly punctured almost all over the disc ; meta- 
thorax with three aree; head, thorax, and abdomen 
with fine scattered white pubescence ; the middle of the 
2nd and 8rd abdominal segments free from the pube- 
scence ; middle of the abdomen entirely free from punc- 
tures, very smooth and shining; 2nd segment longer 
than wide; the 3rd subquadrate. Legs stout. Wings 
without areolet ; transverse anal nervure divided below 
the centre. 

Black ; mouth, antenne beneath and base of flagellum, 
tibiew, tarsi, apex of front femora, and extreme apex of 
intermediate and hind femora, brownish red; base of 
wings and tegule the same colour, stigma and nervures 
black. Length, 5 mm. 

This Hazochus would come between h. and hh. of 
Holmeren’s division B. aa. f., and differs from them in 
the red tibie. 


One female taken the beginning of August, 1882, in 
the neighbourhood of Norwich. 


Exochus pictus, Holm. 


Holm., Mon. Try. Suec., 812, 9, 3, 2; Holm., Dip. 
Meth. Exoch. Scand., 66, 6, 3, ?. 


A female of this species has been received from Mr. 
Cameron taken at Thornhill. 


Bassus tibialis, n. 8. 
Niger, pedibus rufis, tibiis posticis basi albo ; scutelli 
lateribus albo, areola nulla. 


Shining ; a distinct rounded projection below the an- 
tennz; apex of clypeus truncate, the middle slightly 
raised, with a circular depression on each side ; a distinct 
fovea above each antenna, with a groove between them ; 
antenne filiform and hairy, reaching to about the apex 
of the 1st segment; 1st joint of flagellum one-third 
longer than the 2nd, from this gradually tapering to the 
apical joint, which is conical; the 2nd one-third longer 
than wide; supero-medial area of metathorax sub- 
quadrate ; back part of metathorax somewhat coarsely 
rugose, upper part distinctly so; 1st segment of abdo- 
men about one-fourth longer than wide, sides almost 
parallel, slightly bowed, coarsely longitudinally rugose, 
canaliculated ; base of 2nd segment the same sculpture, 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 171 


with two short transverse diagonal impressions on each 
side at the base and towards the middle of the segment, 
one-third longer than wide; 38rd rather longer than 
wide, compressed towards the apex ; remaining segments 
much compressed. Legs a little stouter than usual in 
this genus. Wings without an areolet; transverse 
cubital subobsolete, as in Xylonomus ; nervelet present ; 
transverse anal nervure divided a little below the middle. 

Black ; mandibles at the base, a triangular mark on 
clypeus, shoulders, tegule, sides of scutellum, base of 
hind tibie, base of 1st jomt of hind tarsi, yellowish 
white ; apex of mandibles, sides of clypeus, and legs, 
red ; stigma piceous, extreme base pale; base of wings 
pale. Length,7 mm. Female. 

One specimen was given to me by Mr. F. Norgate, 
locality uncertain ; and two have been bred by Mr. J. 
K. Fletcher, from pupe of some dipteron dug up at 
Worcester, May 22nd, 1872. 


TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.) o 


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VIII. Remarks on a small collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera 
from Borneo, with descriptions of new species. By 
A. Sipney OLLIFF. 


[Read April 4th, 1883. } 


Tue Clavicorns enumerated in the following list were 
collected by W. B. Pryer, Esq., at Sandakan, in N.E. 
Borneo. Although the collection contains but twenty- 
one species, it will, I think, be advisable to publish a 
complete list of them in preference to merely describing 
the new forms, as the Coleoptera of this locality, or 
indeed of any portion of Northern Borneo, are but very 
imperfectly known. I have added references to the de- 
scriptions of those species which are not included in the 
Munich Catalogue. 

To receive a species of Phylloscelis from Borneo is 
interesting, as showing the very wide distribution of the 
genus. P. ovides, Mars., on which the genus was founded, 
was described from Senegal, P. testudo, Gers., from 
Zanzibar, and P. arechavalete, Mars., from Monte Video. 
I have seen a specimen of P. testudo in Mr. George 
Lewis’ collection from Abyssinia. 

The two new genera and more important novelties 
in this collection Mr. Waterhouse proposes to figure 
in an early number of his ‘ Aid to the Identification of 
Insects.’ 

I hope soon to have an opportunity of investigating 
the Hrotylide, Endomychide, and Coccinellide contained 
in Mr. Pryer’s collection. 


List of species referred to in this paper :— 


HIistTERIDm. Carpophilus ordinatus, n. s. 
Pleswus javanus, Erich. Trimenus adpressus, Murr. 
Phylloscelis orbicularis, n.s. Prometopia rhombus, nu. s. 

a catillina, n. 8. 

NITIDULIDS. 

Calonecrus wallacei, Thoms. TROGOSITIDA. 
6 rufipes, Pasc. Narcisa lynceus, n. 8. 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART Il. (JUNE.) 


174 + Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small 


Acrops punctata, Fabr. Psammeecus lursutus, n. 8. 
Ancyrona pryert, 1. 8. 
Lophocateres (n. g.) nanus, MycrToPHAGIDA. 
n. 8. Litargus exiguus, i. 8. 
CoLyYDIIDA. 
Bothrideres nocturnus, Pasc. DERMESTIDA. 
Dermestes cadaverimus, 
CucusIpm. Fabr. 
Ancistria retusa, Fabr. Trogoderma defectum, 
Inopeplus borneensis, Ni. 8. Walk. 
Platycotylus (n. g.) musi- Orphilus oscitans, ui. 8. 


tatus, Nn. 8. 


HISTERIDA. 
Puasius, Hrichson. 
Plesius javanus, Erich. 


One example only, which is somewhat narrower than 
the typical form. 


Puyuuosceuis, Marseul. 
Phylloscelis orbicularis, n. 8. 


Orbicular, very convex above, a little longer than 
broad, shiny black. Head large, transverse, with a fine 
marginal stria. Antenne pitchy, apical joint brownish 
yellow. Mandibles short, robust, and strongly curved, 
with the apex acutely bifid. Prothorax large, sides’ 
regularly rounded, anterior margin slightly produced in 
the middle, the lateral stria close to the margin, sparsely, 
irregularly, and extremely finely punctured. Scutellum 
scarcely visible, triangular. Elytra twice as long as the 
prothorax, a little broader at the base than at the apex, 
truncate behind, with the outer angles rounded ; sides 
with a fine marginal stria: each elytron with six strie ; 
the sutural entire and rather indistinct; the others well 
marked, the first, second, and third parallel and entire, 
the fourth uniting with the sutural, the fifth commencing 
before the middle and extending to the apex; humeral 
stria very indistinct, oblique. Prosternum short, narrow, 
much broader in front than behind, with a strong central 
ridge extending from the base to just behind the apex. 
Mesosternum twice as broad as long; anterior margin 


collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 176 


much produced in the centre, with a feebly defined mar- 
ginal stria, and another well-marked flexuous stria ex- 
tending from the posterior angle to near the middle of 
the anterior margin. Metasternum large, with a deeply- 
impressed central line, sides oblique, marginal stria 
distinct ; near the posterior margin there are deep, 
scattered, rather elongate punctures. The first abdo- 
minal segment with coarse punctuation at the base. 
Legs pitchy, all the tibie armed on their outer margins 
with short, sharp spines, and on their inner margins 
with a few much smaller and sharper ones ; tibial spurs 
short and acute. Length, 8 mm.; width, 23 mm. 


This species is allied to Phylloscelis ovides, Mars., but 
cannot be confounded with it on account of the different 
structure of its mandibles and legs, smaller size, and 
the dissimilarity in their dorsal strie. The strong 
punctuation at the base of the metasternum and on the 
basal segment of the abdomen is not mentioned in the 
description of any described species of Phylloscelis. 


NITIDULIDA. 
CaLoneEcrus, Thomson. 
Calonecrus wallacet, Thoms. 


The two examples obtained, as seems almost invariably 
the case with this species, have a transparent yellow 
sticky substance adhering to them. 


Calonecrus rufipes, Pascoe. 
A single specimen of this rare species was obtained. 


CarporHitus, Stephens. 
Carpophilus ordinatus, n. 8. 


Oblong-ovate, rather convex, black, somewhat shin- 
ing, sparingly clothed with fine fuscous pubescence. 
Head transverse, strongly and moderately closely punc- 
tured, with a feebly-defined longitudinal central impres- 
sion. Eyes large, prominent, and finely granulated. 
Clypeus shining, impunctate. Antenne pitchy, basal 
joint and club rather darker. Prothorax at the base 
twice as broad as long, moderately narrowed in front, 
where it is a little broader than the head together with 
the eyes, slightly convex, very coarsely and closely 


176 Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small 


punctured ; anterior angles obtuse ; sides gently arcuate, 
finely margined; posterior angles acute. Scutellum 
large, rounded posteriorly, more finely punctured than 
the prothorax. Elytra as broad as the prothorax at the 
base, but rather narrower at the apex, finely punctate- 
striate ; interstices very narrow, scarcely raised ; apex 
of each elytron strongly rounded, rather oblique on the 
inner side; sides with a fine reflexed margin. Abdomen 
with the last two segments exposed, strongly punctate, 
and somewhat shining above ; the last segment with the 
sides oblique and slightly sinuate before the apex, the 
apex truncate, very slightly emarginate, outer angles 
obtuse. Under side black, feebly and rather thickly 
punctate. Legs pitchy, tarsi paler. Length, 38 mm. ; 
width, 13 mm. 

This very distinct species is best placed in Section VII. 
of Murray’s subgenus, ‘‘ Carpophilus proper.” It is 
nearest to C. bakewelli, Murray, but has the prothorax 
proportionately broader, and the elytra punctate-striate 
and much longer than in that species. 


Trmenvus, Murray. 
Trimenus adpressus, Murr. 


Although a considerable number of specimens were 
obtained, none appear to approach JT’. angustatus, de- 
scribed by Mr. Murray with much hesitation as a dis- 
tinct species. 


Prometorpra, Hrichson. 
Prometopia rhombus (Murray in litt). 

Oblong-ovate, moderately convex above, fuscous, some- 
what shining, covered with short, fine, and close greyish 
yellow pubescence. Head embedded in a deep emargi- 
nation of the prothorax, transversely impressed, rather 
finely and closely punctured. Clypeus punctured as 
closely as the head. Eyes moderately large and coarsely 
eranulated. Antenne reddish brown. Prothorax at the 
base two and one-half times broader than long, narrowed 
in front, rather finely and closely punctured, deeply 
quadrangularly emarginate in front, finely margined, 
anterior angles acute and prominent, sides with a broad 
testaceous reflexed margin, posterior angles slightly 
acute. Scutellum very short and broad, rounded behind, 


collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 177 


finely punctured. Elytra about twice as long as the 
prothorax, finely and irregularly punctured, sides gradu- 
ally rounded, with a testaceous reflexed margin vanish- 
ing at the apex. Pygidium with only the apex visible 
from above. Legs reddish brown. Length, 3} mm.; 
width, 2} mm. 


Can only be compared with Prometopia binotata, 
Murray, with which it agrees in outline; it is, however, 
at once separated from that species by its narrower 
head, more prominent mandibles, different colour, and 
more pubescent surface. 


Prometopia catillina, n. s. 


Oblong, a little broader in front than behind, pitchy, 
rather shining, sparingly clothed with very fine and short 
yellowish grey pubescence. Head very large, transverse, 
embedded in an emargination of the prothorax, im- 
pressed in front, finely and closely punctured at the 
base. yes large, rather finely granulated. Antenne 
brownish testaceous. Prothorax a little more than 
twice as broad as long, slightly narrowed in front of the 
middle, very finely and closely punctured, deeply and 
very broadly emarginate in front, yellowish towards the 
sides, anterior angles acute and prominent, sides with a 
testaceous reflexed margin which is rather broader in 
front than behind, posterior angles right angles. Scu- 
tellum rounded posteriorly, more finely and closely 
punctured than the prothorax. Elytra more than twice 
as long as the prothorax, very finely and closely punc- 
tured, sides parallel for about half their length, then 
gradually rounded to the apex, with a testaceous reflexed 
margin vanishing posteriorly; each elytron with two 
rather large yellowish red patches, one before, the 
other behind the middle. Pygidium concealed. Legs 
brownish testaceous. Length, 83} mm.; width, 2 mm. 


This species may be distinguished by its broad head 
and the large size of the patches on the elytra. It 
evidently belongs to the group of Prometopia quadri- 
maculata, Motsch. 


178 = Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small 


TROGOSITIDA. 
_Narotsa, Pascoe. 
Narcisa lynceus, n. 8. 


Oblong, scarcely narrower in front than behind, dark 
chestnut-brown, covered with broad ashy-grey scales, 
intermingled here and there with blackish ones. Head 
embedded within an emargination of the prothorax. 
Eyes black, the superior pair very large, transversely 
ovate and approximated above. Antenne reddish brown, 
club lighter. Prothorax about twice as broad as long, 
moderately strongly emarginate in front, the sides of 
the emargination very oblique, with a smooth patch on 
each side at the base, anterior angles rounded, posterior 
angles more so, sides strongly arcuate and finely serru- 
late. Scutellum very small, sides parallel, rounded 
behind. Elytra three times the length of the head and 
prothorax together, rather broader at the base than the 
prothorax, gradually widening for about two-thirds of 
their length, then gently rounded to the apex, crenate- 
striate, the alternate interstices with large deep punc- 
tures placed at irregular intervals, shoulders rectangular, 
sides straight, with very fine rounded serratures ; each 
elytron with three chestnut-brown patches formed of 
deep punctures and scales, the first before the middle on 
the disc, the second on the margin a little behind the 
middle, the third still nearer the apex and close to the 
suture, the three together forming a triangle of which 
no two sides are equal, with an elongated oblique patch ~ 
close to the apex. Under side dark brown, with a bronzy 
tint, rather coarsely rugulose, sparingly covered with 
ashy-grey scales. Meso- and metasternum less strongly 
rugulose. Abdominal segments very finely rugulose, 
thickly covered with fine ashy-grey scales. Legs bronzy, 
sparsely clothed with smaller scales. Length, 9 mm. ; 
ereatest width, 4 mm. 


Of this interesting species, the third and largest of 
the genus yet described, only a single example was 
taken. The form of the prothorax and structure of the 
eyes are very peculiar. In Narcisa decidua, Pascoe, its 
nearest ally, the superior eyes are not nearly so large 
nor so close together; the anterior angles of the pro- 
thorax in N. lynceus are not so prominent nor the sides 
as strongly serrulate as in the other species; the 


collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 179 


posterior angles of the prothorax are strongly rounded. 
The sides of the elytra are straight, whereas in N. 
decidua they are flexuous. The third species, N. bi- 
maculata, Gestro (Ann. Mus. Genov., xv., p. 59), is from 
Sumatra, and differs, according to the description, in 
having only one black patch on each elytron, and the 
suture somewhat raised. There is no description of the 
eyes, but it is stated that there is a tuft of scales on the 
inner orbital margin of each of the superior ones: this 
tuft exists in both the other species, although in N. 
lynceus it is very small in comparison with that of 
N. decidua. 


Acrops, Dalman. 
Acrops punctata, Fabr. 


Appears to be common; the specimens vary from 
32 mm. to 6 mm. in length. 


Ancyrona, Reitter. 
Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., xx., p. 77 (1876). 


Ancyrona pryeri, 0. 8. 

Subrotundate, a little longer than broad, much de- 
pressed, rather dark dusky brown, moderately closely 
covered with short, stiff, bristle-like, dirty yellow hairs, 
which are hooked at the extremity. Head transverse, 
embedded in an emargination of the prothorax. Antenne 
brownish testaceous, club rather paler. Prothorax at 
the base more than three times as broad as long, much 
narrowed in front, finely and not very closely punctured, 
more thickly so at the sides, rather strongly emarginate 
in front, sides of the emargination oblique, anterior 
angles nearly right angles, slightly blunted, sides gently 
arcuate and finely margined, the margins very finely 
serrulate, posterior angles somewhat acute. Scutellum 
transverse, rounded behind. Elytra about twice as long 
as the head and prothorax together, crenate-striate, 
interstices broad, impunctate, and uneven; humeral 
angles slightly rounded; sides broadly dilated at the 
base, then gradually less and less dilated to the apex. 
Under side sordid testaceous. Prosternum impunctate. 
Abdomen with the penultimate segment rather strongly 
and not very closely punctured, the last segment concave, 


180 Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small 


less strongly punctured. Tuibie and tarsi pitchy, the 
tips of the claws black. Length, 44 mm.; width, 
3% mm. 

In form this species resembles the genus Latoleva, 
Reitter (Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. xx., p. 75), the type of 
which is the well-known Peltis ovalis, MacLeay, but in 
the structure of the head and prosternum it agrees 
best with Ancyrona. 


LoPHOCATERES, 0. g. 


Head nearly quadrate. Eyes rather small, lateral, 
not prominent. Antenne 11-jointed, basal joint large, 
with the inner angle much produced, 2nd joint short, 
8rd rather longer, 4th to 7th transverse and very short, 
last four forming a gradually elongated club, of which 
the joints increase in breadth as they approach the apex. 
Mandibles robust, inner margin straight, the apex 
slightly incurved. Maxille with both lobes narrow and 
sharply jointed, the inner much the shorter. Maxillary 
palpi 8-jointed, the basal very small, the 2nd rather 
longer, the 8rd longer than the 1st and 2nd together, 
rounded at the apex. Labium with the anterior margin 
rounded. Labial palpi 2-jointed, of which the apical is 
somewhat the longer. Prothorax transversely quadrate, 
rather strongly margined laterally. Hlytra about the 
same width as the prothorax, depressed, covering the 
abdomen, subparallel, with fine coste. Legs short and 
slender ; tibize armed on their outer margins with short, - 
sharp spines, the posterior tibize with a row of blunt 
teeth at the base, slightly projecting over the 1st joint 
of the tarsus, tibial spurs short; tarsi 5-jointed, the 
basal very short, the 2nd and 38rd rather longer, the 4th 
shorter, and the 5th nearly as long as the other four 
together ; claws simple. 

The fine but distinct costae on the elytra, the 
gradual 4-jointed club of the antenne, and the peculiar 
structure of the posterior tibiw, are characters which 
will serve at once to distinguish this genus. Its exact 
position must for the present remain doubtful, although 
I have no hesitation in referring it to the subfamily 
Peltine, and it should, I think, be placed near Hronyza, 
Reitter (Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., xx. (1876), p. 88), 
although differing widely from that genus, 


collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 181 


Lophocateres nanus, ni. 8. 


Elongate, pitchy brown, somewhat shining. Head 
finely and closely punctured at the base, rather more 
strongly so in front. Epistoma separated from forehead 
by a strongly impressed curved line. Prothorax twice 
as broad as long, flattened above, finely and closely 
punctured, slightly emarginate in front; sides reflexed, 
with broad and rather paler margins, posterior angles 
acute. Scutellum rather large, transverse, rounded 
posteriorly, extremely finely punctured. Elytra more 
than twice as long as the head and prothorax together, 
suture very slightly raised, sides parallel for two-thirds 
of their length, then gently arcuate to the apex, with 
narrow reflexed margins; each elytron with six fine 
cost, parallel and reaching to the apex, of which the 
5th is the strongest, the 6th lateral, less distinct ; each 
costa with a line of fine distinct punctures on each side. 
Under side pitchy, very sparingly covered with fine 
yellow pubescence. Prosternum with a few scattered 
punctures. Mesosternum slightly rugulose. Meta- 
sternum impunctate. Antenne and legs pitchy. Length, 
34 mm.; width, 1+ mm. 


COLYDIIDA. 
BotHRIDERES, H’richson. 
Bothrideres nocturnus, Pascoe. 


Mr. Pryer obtained two examples of this rare species, 
in one of which the prothorax is considerably more 
narrowed behind than in the type, with which I have 
compared it. This character may possibly prove to be 
sexual; at any rate it is not sufficient to separate it 
specifically. 

CUCUJIDA. 
Ancistria, Hrichson. 
Ancistria retusa, Fabr. 


A single specimen only. 


182 = Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small 


InopEPLuS, Smith. 
Inopeplus borneensis, n. 8. 


Black, shining. Head twice as broad as long, dis- 
tinctly and closely punctured, with a well-marked longi- 
tudinal impressed mesial line in front. Antenne with 
the two basal joints pitchy. Prothorax in front broader 
than long, strongly and obliquely narrowed behind, dis- 
tinctly and rather closely punctured, anterior margin 
slightly produced in the centre, sides gently rounded in 
front. Scutellum transverse, rounded behind. LElytra 
piceous, with a brassy tint, as long as the head and 
prothorax together, at the base not quite as broad as the 
prothorax, much broader behind, rather coarsely and 
moderately closely punctured, humeral angles obtuse, 
sides very finely margined ; apex of each elytron arcuate. 
Abdominal segments finely and irregularly punctured, 
sides regularly rounded. Legs pitchy, tarsi paler. 
Length, 33 mm.; width of abdomen, 13 mm. 

In the form of the head and prothorax this species 
agrees best with Inopeplus terminatus, Waterh. (Ann. 
Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), iii., p. 214), and in the shape of the 
elytra and abdomen with J. ephippiatus, Pascoe. It is, 
however, at once distinguished from either of these 
species by its unicolorous elytra and less strongly punc- 
tured head. 


PLATYCOTYLUS, N. g. 


Head transverse. Hyes large, lateral, the greater 
portion being visible from above. Antenne 11-jointed, 
flattened, gradually thickening towards the apex, basal 
joint short, 2nd rather shorter and narrower, 8rd a little 
longer than the ist and thickening towards the apex, 
4th to 7th equal in length and somewhat shorter than 
the 3rd, 8th to 10th shorter and rather broader, apical 
considerably longer and rounded at the apex. Mandibles 
short, robust, and simple, with the inner margin slightly 
sinuate before the apex. Maxille with the inner lobe 
small, narrow, and rather finely pointed; outer lobe 
nearly twice as long as the inner, much broader at the 
apex than at the base; inner margins of both lobes 
clothed with long bristly hairs. Maxillary palpi 4- 
jointed, basal joint short and narrow, 2nd much longer 
and broader at the apex than at the base, 8rd narrower 


collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 183 


and but little longer than the basal, 4th nearly as long 
as the 2nd and pointed at the extremity. Labium small, 
very slightly emarginate in front, clothed with a few 
long hairs. Labial palpi 3-jomted, basal very small, 
2nd much longer, 8rd a little longer than the 2nd, 
thicker at the base than at the apex. Prothorax trans- 
verse, with the anterior angles produced into sharp 
points, the posterior angles slightly reflexed. Scutellum 
transverse. Elytra depressed, subparallel, and covering 
the abdomen, humeral angles obtuse, slightly produced 
and reflexed. Legs unarmed; male with posterior tarsi 
4-jointed, the other tarsi 5-jointed ; claws with a small 
obtuse tooth in the middle. 


This genus will come into the subfamily Cucwine, 
as defined by Erichson, and must be placed near 
Lemophleus. 

Platycotylus inusitatus, n. s. 


Shining black. Head strongly and rather closely 
punctured. Antenne almost half as long as the entire 
insect. Prothorax twice as broad as long, slightly con- 
vex, considerably narrowed behind, margined all round, 
very finely and moderately closely punctured ; anterior 
margin scarcely sinuate, the angles acutely produced ; 
sides rounded and slightly constricted before the base ; 
posterior margin straight, with a feeble central im- 
pression, the angles slightly produced and moderately 
acute. Scutellum transverse, with a few fine irregular 
punctures. EHlytra reddish brown, the suture black, the 
sides dusky, about twice the length of the head and 
prothorax together ; strongly punctate-striate, the inter- 
stices slightly raised and extremely delicately punctured, 
moderately broad, the 4th and 5th much narrower, the 
6th costiform for two-thirds of its length ; with an elon- 
gate triangular impression behind the scutellum, sides 
very gently arcuate, rounded posteriorly. Legs pitchy 
black. Length, 44 mm.; width, 13 mm. 

Since writing this description I have received several 
examples of this species from the 8. Andaman Islands. 


Psamuacus, Latreille. 
Psammecus hirsutus, n. 8. 


Yellowish testaceous. Head thickly covered with large 
and rather obscure punctuation. Antenne about half 
the length of the entire insect, finely but distinctly 


184 Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small 


pubescent, with the 7th to 10th joints black. Prothorax 
slightly wider than the head, one-quarter broader than 
long, convex, closely and strongly punctured ; anterior 
angles strongly rounded; sides subparallel, with eight 
fine teeth and a few long bristly hairs ; posterior angles 
rounded. LElytra at the base considerably broader than 
the prothorax, gradually widening for two-thirds of their 
length, then arcuately narrowed to the apex, rather 
closely covered with fine yellow pubescence, which is 
thicker towards the sides, very strongly punctate-striate, 
the interstices raised, narrow, and smooth ; each elytron 
with a broad lunate black marking just behind the 
middle, extending from the suture to near the margin. 
Length, 34 mm. ; width, 1 mm. 

Allied to Psammecus (Telephanus) cruciger, Waterh. 
(Ent. Mo. Mag., xiii., p. 125). The feebly-toothed, sub- 
parallel, and bristly sides of the prothorax, pubescent 
surface, and large size of this insect are characters 
sufficient for its specific separation. 


MYCETOPHAGIDA. 
Litaraus, Hrichson. 
Titargus exiguus, 0.8. 


Elongate-ovate, pale reddish brown, covered with very 
fine yellow pubescence. Head transverse, very finely 
and closely punctured, upper orbital margins dark brown. 
Prothorax as wide as the head in front, gradually widen- 
ing posteriorly, convex, very closely and very finely © 
punctured, sides gently arcuate, anterior angles obtuse, 
posterior slightly acute. Scutellum very small, rounded 
behind. LElytra twice as long as the head and prothorax 
together, narrowed behind, delicately and closely punc- 
tured; each elytron with three large obscure brown 
patches, one near the suture at the base of a triangular 
shape, another just before the middle at the side, the 
third and largest near the apex, with an indication of a 
fourth near the suture a little before the middle. Antenne 
and legs testaceous. Length, 2 mm.; width, 1 mm. 


In form this species closely resembles Litargus tri- 
fasciatus, Woll.; it differs, however, in being more 
sparingly and finely pubescent, less strongly punctured, 
of a darker colour, and in having six large brown patches 
on the elytra. 


collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 185 


DERMESTIDA. 
Drrmestes, Linné. 
Dermestes cadaverinus, Fabr. 


Numerous examples of this cosmopolitan species were 
taken. 


TrogopERMA, Latreille. 
Trogoderma defectum. 
Attagenus ? defectus, Walker. 


As Walker’s diagnosis, ‘‘ Niger, pubescens, elytris sub- 
tilissime punctatis apice ferrugineis. Long. 1 lin.,” is 
insufficient for the identification of this species, which I 
have compared with his type in the National Collection, I 
here give a more detailed description of it :— 

Ovate, pitchy black, somewhat shining, considerably 
broader in front than behind, densely covered with short 
black pubescence. Head slightly transverse, very finely 
and closely punctured. Prothorax much broader than 
long, finely and rather closely punctured on the disc, 
more closely at the sides, anterior angles acute, sides 
gently arcuate, posterior angles acute and very slightly 
produced ; with a stripe of yellowish grey pubescence on 
each side near the margin. Scutellum very small, 
transverse, smooth. Elytra more than twice as long as 
the prothorax, much narrowed behind, finely and closely 
punctured, ferruginous, and less closely punctured 
towards the apex; the shoulders not very prominent ; 
the sides almost parallel for about two-thirds of their 
length, then gradually rounded to the apex. Under side 
pitchy ; the sterna polished and extremely finely punc- 
tured, pubescent at the sides ; abdominal segments very 
finely punctured, and clothed with very short and close 
pubescence. Antenne and legs ferruginous. Length, 
24 mm.; width, 1} mm. 

This species was originally described from Ceylon. 


OrnpHinus, Hrichson. 
Orphilus oscitans, n. s. 

Ovate, shining black, very convex, covered with rather 
long yellowish pubescence. Head transverse, extremely 
finely punctured. Antenne short, testaceous, except the 
first two joints, which are dark brown ; basal joint large, 
transverse, 2nd very slightly shorter, 3rd to 8th very 


186 Mr. A. S. Olliff on Clavicorn Coleoptera. 


small, 9th to 11th forming a compact club, of which the 
apical joint is much the largest. Prothorax much 
narrowed in front, very finely and closely punctured, 
sides rounded, posterior angles acute. Scutellum trans- 
verse, rounded behind, sparingly punctured. LElytra 
rather broader at the base than the prothorax, very finely, 
rather closely, and irregularly punctured, reddish brown, 
with the basal quarter black, the black extending along 
the suture to a little beyond the middle, with a dusky 
spot near the margin on each side; shoulders very 
slightly prominent ; sides arcuate, rounded behind. Legs 
and tips of the claws black, tarsi testaceous. Length, 
2mm.; width, 1} mm. 


A very distinct species. I have seen another some- 
what resembling it from Chili, which is, I believe, as yet 
undescribed. 


Cooksiieyy) 


IX. Descriptions of new genera and species of 
Hymenoptera. By P. Camron. 


[Read April 4th, 1883.] 


In this paper I have given descriptions of new species of 
Hymenoptera from the Sandwich Islands, Brazil, and 
Britain. For the Sandwich Islands species I am in- 
debted to the Rev. Thomas Blackburn, who has done 
such good work in investigating the entomological fauna 
of these Isles. As our esteemed colleague has now left 
the Sandwich Islands, there is no chance of my receiving 
any more specimens ; so I purpose, in a future paper, 
giving a complete catalogue of the Hymenoptera known 
to inhabit tiie Archipelago. 


CHALCIDIDA. 
Epitranus lacteipennis, n. s. 


Dark reddish testaceous; the head behind, more or 
less of the lobes of the mesonotum, pleura, sternum, 
metanotum, petiole for the most part, abdomen more or 
less at the sides and above, coxe and femora in the 
middle, blackish. Antenne not much longer than 
thorax, becoming very gradually thickened towards the 
apex, which is sharply conical ; the joints of the flagellum 
blackish at the apex. Head obsoletely punctured, covered 
with scattered silvery white short hairs; hind ocelli 
situated’ on the edge of the head behind. Thorax 
coarsely punctured : in the centre of the mesopleura is 
a shining semi-oblique line; in front of this line the 
pleura is obliquely striated. The scutellum is margined 
behind, the border shortly projecting. Metanotum 
reticulated, finely punctured. Petiole carinated at the 
side, longitudinally striated. The 2nd abdominal seg- 
ment is longer than the petiole ; its basal half is smooth 
and shining, the apical finely punctured ; the posterior 
coxe are not much shorter than the femora, which are 
somewhat alutaceous, and, with the cox, are covered 


TRANS. ENT, 80C¢. 1883,—PaRT II. (JUNE.) P 


188 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new 


with short pale hairs; the femora have nine short 
blunt teeth, those at the apex being the shortest. Wings 
a very little longer than the abdomen, lacteous ; ner- 
vures pallid; cubitus almost obsolete. Length, 43 mm. 


Hab. Oahu (No. 87). 


MoranILa, 0. g. 


Antenne inserted immediately over the mouth ; 2nd 
joint thin and very little longer than 8rd; 38rd, 4th, and 
5th subequal, produced at the apices above ; 6th a little 
shorter, being broader than long; club long, thick, 
longer than the three preceding joints together, appa- 
rently 2-jointed. Head broader than the thorax, broadest 
above, concave in front, the opposite behind. Eyes oval, 
situated at the sides above close to the top, and almost 
projecting behind ; front ocellus placed a little way down, 
the two lateral on the edge behind; vertex without 
sutures ; face projecting broadly between the antennae. 
Pronotum broad, margined, narrower than the meso- 
notum. Scutellum long, longer than broad, angled in 
front at the sides, rounded behind, where it is much 
wider than at the base. Petiole longer than broad, 
thick; 2nd abdominal segment depressed in the centre 
above, much longer than all the others together ; apex 
acute. The abdomen, with the petiole, is not much 
shorter than the thorax. Posterior coxe and femora 
large. At the base of the abdomen, at the side, is a tuft 
of white hair. Wings with the ulna curved ; tibize with 
only one spur. 

This genus comes near to Hunotus, Walk. (Megapelte, 
Forst.), but is sufficiently distinguished from it by the 
longer petiole, curved ulna, and longer prothorax (which 
is sharply separated from the mesothorax at the sides). 


Moranila testaceiceps, n. 8. 


Head and abdomen smooth, shining, impunctate. 
Thorax very finely punctured. Scutellum with a trans- 
verse line close to its apical third, behind which line it 
is smooth, shining, impunctate. Metanotum with scat- 
tered punctures; petiole finely and closely punctured. 
Head, thorax, and legs covered with white hairs. Abdo- 
men fulvous. Scape, head, and legs testaceous ; tarsi 
white ; flagellum dull fuscous testaceous. Thorax green ; 


genera and species of Hymenoptera. 189 


scutellum coppery behind the transverse line. Abdomen 
violet. Wings hyaline, a large smoky cloud in the apical 
half; humerus with a few scattered bristles. Length, 
2mm. 


Hab. Oahu (No. 55). 


SoLINDENIA, 0. ¢. 


Antenne 138-jointed, situated a little below the eyes; 
2nd joint one-half of the length of the 3rd; 4th a little 
longer than 8rd; 5th and 6th subequal; 7th a little 
shorter ; 8th a little longer than 6th ; 9th a little shorter 
than 7th; last jomt compressed strongly at the side, 
becoming gradually thickened. yes pilose, oval, con- 
verging at top, reaching to the back part of the head, 
beyond which they project. Ocelli in a triangle; front 
ridged above the antenne. Antennal sutures not very 
deep. Head much broader than thorax, rather flat, 
longer than broad. . Mesonotum margined at the side ; 
scutellum broad at base, in front of it the mesonotum is 
hollow to near the middle, and the hollow is continued 
from there as two furrows to the pronotum. Scutellum 
broad, almost transverse in front; behind it becomes 
narrow and rounded. Metanotum hollow in the centre. 
Base of abdomen hollow in the centre, margined at side ; 
2nd segment incised at side, longer than 3rd ; 4th shorter 
than it ; last rounded, oval, much longer than preceding. 
Anterior femora broad at apex, flattened; middle slender ; 
posterior stouter, narrowed at base. Middle tibiz longer 
than tarsi, which are thickened, setose at base; meta- 
tarsus not much longer than the apical jomt; spurs 
three-fourths of its length; there is only one spur on 
the tibia. 


The hairy eyes and broad scutellum at base allies 
this genus to Calosoter, but the front ridged at the 
insertion of the antenne, setose tarsi, much longer and 
converging eyes, readily separate it. Its nearest allies 
are some undescribed neo-tropical forms. 


Solindenia picticornis, n. 8. 

Reddish testaceous, shortly pilose; head black above 
the insertion of the antenne ; apex of mesonotum bluish; 
metanotum more or less violaceous; pleura in front 
fuscous. Abdomen broadly white at base, the apex 


190 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new 


testaceous; the rest fuscous-black. Legs pale tes- 
taceous ; coxe, trochanters, and tarsi white; apex of 
anterior tibiz and tarsi fuscous. Scape of antenne dull 
testaceous; three basal joints of flagellum and club 
black ; the rest white. Wings shorter than the abdomen, 
smoky; the base more or less, an oblique mark at 
cubitus, and one opposite it, hyaline. Length, between 
3 and 4 mm. 


Hab. Oahu (No. 84). 


Eupelmus flavipes, n. 8. 

Green ; thorax beneath, the sides above more or less, 
and abdomen, coppery. Antenne black; scape more or 
less testaceous beneath. Legs straw-yellow, the femora 
somewhat darker ; posterior and anterior cox for the 
most part coppery green ; middle pair coppery at extreme 
base. The antenne are inserted a little below the level 
of the eyes and become but very slightly thinner 
towards the apex, and are covered with a microscopic 
pile ; the 2nd joint is a little more than one-half of the 
length of the 8rd, which is nearly of the same length as 
the 4th; the 5th distinctly shorter; 6th a little shorter 
than 5th; the 7th, 8th, and 9th become gradually 
shorter ; the apical a little shorter than the three pre- 
ceding together, sharply pointed at the apex, and appa- 
rently composed of only one joint. The antenne are 
nearly as long as the abdomen. Head and thorax 
covered with longish black scattered hairs. Pronotum 
and metanotum finely punctured. Abdomen shorter 
than the thorax, depressed in the centre, narrowed at 
base and apex, the latter rounded. Ovipositor a little 
longer than the posterior tarsi, testaceous, black at base 
and apex; apex of middle tibie distinctly thickened ; 
middle metatarsus thickened, pilose beneath, shorter 
than the succeeding joints together; the long spur 
three-fourths of its length. Wings hyaline; cubitus 
indistinct, pallid yellow; ulna fuscous; costa scarcely 
pilose. Byes large, projecting and oe towards 
the top. Length, 4—5 mm. 

Differs from the ordinary Hupelmi in the eyes being 
more converging above, and in the antenne not being so 
thick, especially towards the apex. ‘The structure of the 
thorax does not differ. 


Hab. Oahu (No. 57). 


genera and species of Hymenoptera. 191 


EVANIIDA. 
Evania sericea, n. s. 


Black ; palpi, knees, anterior tibie, and tarsi obscurely 
fuscous. Head and thorax coarsely rugose; petiole 
longitudinally rugose, smoother at the base ; mesopleura 
in front smooth, shining, impunctate, behind coarsely 
reticulated ; breast covered with large shallow punctures. 
Coxe finely rugose, smooth at base. Posterior femora 
not much longer than thorax; tibie and tarsi armed 
with short thick bristles; tarsi not much longer than 
tibiz ; claws apparently simple. The head, thorax, and 
legs at the base are closely covered with a white velvety 
pubescence, which is longest at the sides. Abdomen 
smooth, shining, compressed, shortly pilose at the sides. 
Antenne longer than the body; the apex of scape 
brownish. Wings hyaline; cubital and discoidal ner- 
vures obsolete from the discoidal cellules, the upper of 
which is not at all so broad in proportion to the lower 
as itis in HE. levigata; the transverse humeral nervure 
is interstitial, The mandibles have two short obtuse 
teeth besides the large apical one. Length, 7 mm. 


This species is apparently most nearly allied to E. 
tasmanica, Westw., but the present species has not the 
face longitudinally striated. 


Hab. Oahu and Hawaii (No. 181). 


ICHNEUMONIDA. 
Limneria polynesialis, n. s. 


Black ; tegule, trochanters at apex, and middle of four 
posterior tibiz, yellowish white ; base and apex of four 
posterior tibiae and femora reddish; anterior legs pale 
testaceous, the tibie with a more yellowish tinge; pos- 
terior tarsi infuscated. Abdomen on the under side at 
the sides, and more or less above, reddish ; segmental 
divisions yellowish white at the sides, and more or less 
above on the three apical. Head and thorax semi- 
opaque, finely punctured, covered (especially the face) 
with a white pubescence. Super-median areola distinct, 
semicircular ; the others are somewhat compressed ; pos- 
terior median triangular at base, and extending to the 
apex. Antenne as long as the thorax and abdomen, 
black, obscure fuscous beneath. Terebra curved, a little 


192 ' Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new 


longer than the petiole, which is alutaceous. The abdo- 
men is covered (especially the apex) with a pale pube- 
scence. Wings hyaline; nervures and stigma pallid 
testaceous; areolet complete, scarcely petiolated. Length, 
5 mm., with terebra. 

Hab. Haleakala, Maui, at an elevation of about 
4000 feet (No. 101). 


Limneria blackburni, n. s. 

Black ; the mandibles, palpi, trochanters, knees and 
tibize (except at base and apex), and spurs, yellowish 
white; femora and base and apex of anterior tibie 
reddish ; base of four posterior femora, base and apex of 
posterior tibie, blackish ; coxe and base of trochanters 
black; anterior tarsi fuscous; the base of the tarsal 
joints pale. Abdominal segments at junction white ; 
ventral surface at base yellowish. Head, thorax, and 
coxe almost opaque, faintly punctured, covered with a 
white pubescence, which is especially long on the face. 
Abdomen semiopaque, very finely punctured ; terebra as 
long as the four last segments together ; base of petiole 
smooth, almost shining. The three basal areole of meta- 
notum are less strongly punctured than the rest; the 
superior median areola small, distinct, semicircular, 
broader than long ; posterior median triangular at base ; 
from that it contracts slightly, and ends about the 
middle of the metanotum, where there is another field 
longer and somewhat oval in form, which occupies the 
rest of the middle space ; the posterior intermedian area 
is semiobsolete, small; spiracular, large, wider at base 
than at apex; at the base it becomes rounded and en- 
larged. Wings hyaline ; areolet shortly stalked ; stigma 
fuscous. Length, 6 mm. 


Hab. Mauna Kea, Hawaii, at an elevation of at least 
13,000 feet, on the snow near the summit. 

The metathoracic fields are much more clearly defined 
in this species than usual. 


Ophion lineatus. 

Luteous. Eyes, claws, and sheath of ovipositor 
black. Wings hyaline; stigma pallid ferruginous, 
darker round the edges ; nervures fuscous ; covered with 
a short white pubescence. Mandibles deeply bidentate, 
the apex blackish; fovez above face not very deep, 


genera and species of Hymenoptera. 1938 


longer than broad; covered with a white pubescence. 
Antenne a little longer than the body. Mesonotum 
almost shining, very finely punctured; mesonotum dis- 
tinctly bordered all round ; from the tegule the carina 
curves round to the scutellum, along the side of which it 
goes to the end, the two keels converging as they do so, 
but not joining; the apex of the mesonotum is also 
bordered, and there is a lateral keel at the side of the 
seutellum in front behind the fore wings. The meta- 
notum is more pilose than the mesonotum ; it is finely 
rugose all over; at the base is a waved indistinct furrow. 
Abdomen covered with long, depressed, white hairs, 
especially at the apex; the ventral surface is darker 
than the rest. The long spur of the posterior tibie is 
longer than the 2nd tarsal joint. Female and male. 
Length, 13 mm. 


Hab. WHawaii, Lanai (Nos. 71 and 114). 


Ophion nigricans, n. 8. 


Obscure black, covered all over with a close pale 
pubescence, the orbits of the eyes before and behind 
yellow ; the face, more or less of mesonotum, meta- 
notum at base, pleure and sternum, brownish. Meso- 
notum margined along the side to the end of the scu- 
tellum, which is rugose. Metanotum finely rugose; at 
the base is a striated furrow. Pleure finely punctured. 
Coxe finely punctured; spurs thick, setose on under 
side. Antenne somewhat shorter than the abdomen, 
obscure brownish fuscous. Wings hyaline; nervures 
fuscous ; stigma livid. Length, 19 mm. 

Hab. Hawai (Nos. 129 and 1380). 


Nematus bridgmanti, n. 8. 


Black, shining, shortly pilose; labrum, clypeus, 
tegule, apex of cox, trochanters in part, more or less 
of femora, tibiz, and tarsi, white ; basal three-fourths of 
femora broadly lined with black, posterior almost wholly 
black; apex of posterior tibie and the tarsi faintly 
fuscous. Wings hyaline; costa and stigma pallid 
fuscous; extreme base of latter white. Antenne a 
little longer than abdomen, moderately stout, tapering 
slightly towards apex, covered with a microscopic pile. 


194 “Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new 


Vertex finely punctured, semiopaque, sutures distinct ; 
antennal fovea large ; clypeus incised at the apex. Ovi- 
positor short, not half the length of the abdomen ; sheath 
almost glabrous; apex acute, projecting more on upper 
than on lower side; tarsi shorter than tibie ; spurs 
almost straight, more than one-third of the length of 
metatarsus. 

The male has the antenne longer and thinner, being 
a little shorter than the thorax and abdomen: it is 
almost glabrous. The stigma is fuscous, white at the 
base. Length, nearly 1? lines. 


In most of the specimens the 38rd joint of the antennz 
is longer than the 4th, but in one it is shorter. The 
8rd cubital cellule is irregular in shape; in some speci- 
mens it is broader than long, in others slightly longer 
than broad. The species has the greatest resemblance 
to herbacee, but the darker-coloured stigma, much shorter 
ovipositor, more acutely-pointed sheath (which is also 
less hairy), and the femora more strongly marked with 
black at the apex, readily enables it to be distinguished 
from the alpine species. From N. crassispina it may be 
known by the white mouth, longer tarsi and spurs (which 
are almost straight), longer antenne, and by the stigma 
not being unicolorous. 

Mr. J. B. Bridgman bred this species from oval green 
galls found on sallows at Brundall, but unfortunately he 
did not take a description of them nor of the larve. No 
doubt this omission will be rectified during the approach- 
ing summer. 


Nematus letus, n. 8. 


Black; mouth and legs dirty white; the coxe at base, 
posterior and middle femora almost wholly above and 
beneath, the anterior in the middle, the apex of posterior 
tibize and the tarsi, black; tegule black, the pronotum 
close to them dull white. Wings hyaline ; nervures and 
stigma dark fuscous, the costa paler. The body is broad, 
and is covered closely with a short close pile; the head 
and thorax almost opaque, very finely punctured all 
over. The vertex is thick, and has the sutures very in- 
distinct; the frontal area is not indicated. Clypeus 
almost transverse at the apex. Antenne nearly as long 
as the body, covered with a microscopic pile; the 3rd joint 
is longer than the 4th; cenchri small. Abdomen not 
much longer than the head and thorax together ; sheath 


genera and species of Hymenoptera. 195 


of saw large, projecting, covered with a dense pube- 
scence ; the extreme apex of abdomen above dirty white ; 
cerci small; the 3rd cubital cellule is a little longer than 
broad ; the transverse median nervure is received nearly 
in the middle of the cellule ; the wings are large, being 
longer than the body. Length, 13 lines. 

Agrees closest with N. scoticus, but is smaller, has the 
antenne quite black, longer and thinner, the sutures on 
vertex less deep, the mesonotum much more strongly 
punctured. From the species of the mollis group, with 
punctured mesonotum (see Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, 
p- 581), it may easily be known by its smaller size, 
fuscous black stigma, longer and thinner antenne, shorter 
and blacker cerci. 


Hab. Mickleham, in May (Mr. T. R. Billups). 


Acropiesta ? nigriceps, 0. 8. 

Testaceous ; head black ; thorax darker than abdomen, 
covered sparingly with longish white hairs. The antenne 
are as long as the thorax and abdomen ; the 2nd joint is 
half the length of the 3rd, which is thinner than it ; the 
4th, 5th, and 6th are shorter and thicker than the 2nd, 
but thinner than the succeeding, which are broader than 
long, truncated at the apex, and rounded at the base; 
the last conical, truncated at base, and longer than the 
preceding. Sutures of mesonotum moderately deep, 
issuing from a roundish wide fovea at base of scutellum. 
Metathorax ending in a stout blunt spine at each side: 
there is a ridge in the centre which bifurcates imme- 
diately before the apex, each fork proceeding along to 
the side. Petiole longer than broad, of uniform thick- 
ness, as long as the metathorax: there is a slight ridge 
at each side. Abdomen wider and longer than the 
thorax ; the apical half is sharply contracted to a sharp 
point ; the 7th segment is as long as the 8rd, 4th, 5th, 
and 6th together. Wings narrow, not longer than the 
abdomen. Length, 3 mm. 

This may not be an Acropiesta, as that genus is said 
to have the last antennal joint ‘‘ etwas keulformig 
verdickt,” the first eight longer than broad, the four 
following broader than long, and the last is as long as 
the two preceding, which is not the case with the species 
I have described. I should have placed it in Belyta, as 
defined by Forster, if that genus had not the keel cleft 


196 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new 


in the middle instead of towards the apical third, as in 
A. nigriceps. Ido not think, for my own part, that the 
distinction between the latter and Belyta is of generic 
value, being a mere question as to the place where the 
keel on the metanotum commences to bifurcate. 


Hab. Gloucester, in June. 


Torymus prum, 0. 8. 


Brilliant green; the pleure and coxe with a golden 
iridescence ; the scape beneath and mandibles reddish 
yellow; antenne and ovipositor black; coxe, four’ 
anterior femora behind, and posterior, except at extreme 
base and apex, green; four anterior femora in front and 
to some extent behind, and tibiz, yellowish testaceous ; 
the tarsi white, black at the apex; posterior tibie tes- 
taceous at extreme base and apex, the rest black ; spurs 
white; posterior tarsi white, the three apical joints 
black. The head, thorax, and apex of abdomen on 
lower side are covered with a longish white pubescence ; 
the legs and antennz have a shorter and closer pube- 
scence. The head, thorax, and coxe are closely punc- 
tured ; the abdomen is smooth and shining. The antenne 
are thick; the 2nd joint is more globular than the other, 
but still longer than broad ; the 8rd joint is longer than 
the 4th, which is a little longer than broad ; the other 
jomts are as broad as long, those near the apex are 
broader than long ; the apex is slightly thickened. The 
head is longer than broad ; the front is grooved on each 
side for the reception of the scape of the antenne. The 
wings are clear hyaline. The ovipositor is a little 
shorter than the hinder tibie and tarsi. 

The male has the scape green, the anterior femora 
have more green behind than the female has, the antenne 
are thicker, and the apical half of the abdomen is cop- 
pery. Length, 3}—4} mm. 

This species is closely allied to 7. viridis, but the 
antenne are somewhat thicker, and in the male are 
shorter, the hollow on the head in front is much deeper, 
the head and thorax are much more hairy, the hair being 
also longer, the ovipositor is longer, and the spurs shorter. 
T. campanule, Cam., agrees with it closely, but may be 
easily known by the ovipositor being longer than the 
tibie and tarsi. 


genera and species of Hymenoptera. UBS 7 


Bred from the galls of ‘‘ Cecidomyia pruni,” Kalt.,* 
found in Mugdock Wood, near Milngavie, the insects 
emerging in August. 


PARASIEROLA, 0. g. 


This genus agrees with Sierola in the structure of the 
humeral cellules, and especially in having a small oval 
cellule at their end and close to the prostigma ; but it 
differs from it in having the radial cellule quite open, as 
in Goniozus. From the latter it may be readily known 
by the presence of the above-mentioned oval cellule, 
which is completely open on the lower side in the latter. 
Compared with Sierola, the head is more produced and 
narrowed in front of the antenne, and there is a distinct 
carina, which is absent in the other, the keel on the 
metanotum being also more distinct. The wings, too, 
are shorter, being not much longer than the thorax. 


Parasierola testaceicornis, n. 8. 


Black; the antenne, knees, tibie, and tarsi, tes- 
taceous ; the posterior tibie darker, almost fuscous ; the 
apex of the antenne blackish. Head and thorax finely 
shagreened, and bearing minute roundish punctures, 
especially on the head and mesonotum. Abdomen 
smooth, shining, impunctate: there is a blunt keel on 
the centre of the metanotum, which ends where the 
metathorax commences to slope; the slope is rather 
abrupt. Prothorax more than two-thirds of the length 
of the thorax ; its sides are perpendicular and somewhat 
hollowed. The head projects beyond the antenne into a 
sort of snout, and a distinct keel runs between them, 
this keel originating close to where the eyes end. ‘The 
femora are thickened, the anterior especially; the 
anterior tibize are thicker than the others. Antenne 
shorter than the thorax, stout, tapering towards the 
apex ; the basal joint is much longer and thicker than 
the others; the middle joints subequal; the last is 
longer, a little longer than the 12th. Wings fuscous ; 
nervures testaceous; stigma and prostigma fuscous. 
Length, nearly 5 mm. 


Hab. Brazil. 


* Die Pflanzen-feinde, p. 175; F. Loew, Verh. z.-b. G. Wien, 
EXV.j-plsi, 112-5. 


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X. Notes on new or little-known species of Hymenoptera, 
chiefly from New Zealand. By W. F. Kirsy, 
Assistant in the Zoological Department, British 


Museum. 
[Read April 4th, 1883.] 


I constpER the publication of isolated descriptions, un- 
accompanied by figures, useful in the case of conspicuous 
species, or species from restricted localities which are 
not likely to be confounded with any others. In the 
present paper I describe a few new species, conformably 
to these simple rules, and take the opportunity to pub- 
lish remarks on one or two species already known. The 
types are all in the British Museum. 


ACULEATA. 


FOSSORES. 
POMPILIDA. 
Priocnemis Huttont. 
Exp. al. 10 lin. ; long. corp. 6 lin. 


Black; head and thorax more or less clothed with 
golden yellow tomentum. Wings golden yellow; fore 
wings with the tips slightly clouded, and with a brown, 
slightly irregular, transverse band at about two-thirds of 
their length. Antenne entirely black. Abdomen black ; 
1st segment marked with red on the sides ; 2nd segment 
red, with a black spot on each side at the base, and 
two others on the back, at the hinder extremity. Legs 
red; coxe, trochanters, base of front femora and extreme 
base of middle femora, black. 


New Zealand; collected by Capt. F. W. Hutton. 


Closely allied to P. fugax, Fabr. (maculipennis, Smith), 
but apparently distinct. 


TRANS. ENT, soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.) 


200 My. W. F. Kirby’s notes on new or 


Priocnemis xenos. 
Exp. al. 8 lin.; long. corp. 4 lin. 


Black ; face, prothorax, pleure, and scutellum clothed 
with a whitish or pale golden pubescence, brightest on 
the scutellum. Abdomen slightly attenuated towards 
the base; coxe, trochanters, and more or less of the 
base of the femora, black; tips of the latter, and the 
tibia and tarsi, red; back of the two Ist segments of 
the abdomen slightly marked with red behind. Wings 
yellowish, especially towards the base. 


New Zealand ; collected by Capt. F. W. Hutton. 
Also allied to P. fugax, Fabr. 


Priocnemis Pascoe. 
Exp. al. 10 lin. ; long. corp. 6 lin. 


Black; antenne yellowish grey beneath, a slight 
greyish pubescence on the face and thorax. Legs, basal 
half of the abdomen beneath, and hind border of the 
1st segment, and the whole of the 2nd segment above, 
rufo-testaceous ; coxe and trochanters black, except the 
tips of the hind trochanters ; extreme tip of hind femora 
black above. Wings hyaline, with yellowish brown 
nervures and yellow stigma. 


New Zealand ; communicated by F. P. Pascoe, Esq. 


LARRIDA. 
Larrada Cowant. 
Exp. al. 14 lin. ; long. corp. 9 lin. 


Black ; antenne dark red, shading into black beyond 
the middle ; mandibles, front edge of mesothorax, and 
of the 1st segment of the abdomen, tegule, and legs, 
dark red; coxe above and at the base beneath, and 
femora above, mostly black ; face, cheeks, and scutellum, 
and a large spot below the hind wings, clothed with pale 
golden pubescence. Wings strongly clouded with yellow, 
and with reddish nervures ; tips dusky. 


Madagascar ; collected by Rev. W. Deans Cowan. 


Allied to LZ. aurulenta, Fabr., but rather shorter and 
stouter, and differing slightly in coloration. The two 
specimens described are not quite fresh, 


little-known species of Hymenoptera. 201 


CRABRONIDA. 
TARANGA, 0. g. 


Apparently allied to Pemphredon, but more of the shape 
of Priocnemis. Head about as broad as the thorax ; 
antenne inserted in the middle of the face; eyes very 
large, reniform, and rather deeply notched just above the 
antenne. Abdomen subsessile. Legs moderately stout ; 
all the tibiz with a pair of strong apical spurs; cubital © 
cell rather long and narrow, not appendiculated, two 
complete subcubital cells, the Ist three times as long 
as broad, and slightly narrowed at the base, the 
2nd half as long as the Ist below, but much narrower 
above, the 2nd transverse-cubital nervure running in- 
wards at an acute angle, and curving slightly inwards 
towards its extremity ; 1st recurrent nervure very oblique, 
curving slightly upwards towards its extremity, and 
received by the 1st subcubital cell at fully four-fifths of 
its length ; the 2nd recurrent nervure forming a half- 
circle outwards, and received by the 2nd subcubital cell 
close to its base. 


Taranga dubwa. 
Exp. al. 8 lin. ; long. corp. 5 lin. 
_ Black ; head and thorax clothed with grey hair, shading 
into silvery on the face and cheeks, femora and tibiz 
with silvery grey pubescence, and segments of the abdo- 
men narrowly edged with the same behind. Wings 
hyaline, dusky towards the tips, with piceous nervures. 


New Zealand ; communicated by F. P. Pascoe, Esq. 


202 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s notes on new or 


PUPIVORA. 
ICHNEUMONIDZ. 
PIMPLIDES. 


Rhyssa semipunctata. 


Exp. al. 12—18 lin.; long. corp. 64—10 lin.; ovi- 
ductus 4—74 lin. 


Red; antenne shading into blackish beyond the 
middle ; often entirely blackish above, except for a space 
of about four joints considerably before the middle; 1st 
four segments of the abdomen (except the base of the 
1st) black; a large yellow spot on each side of the 1st 
segment in front, and another behind; a yellow spot on 
each side at the back of each of the three other black seg- 
ments ; ovipositor black ; fore wings smoky hyaline, with 
black nervures, and deeply tinged with purple towards 
the base ; hind wings clear hyaline, with black nervures ; 
hind tarsi, except the last joint, darker than the femora 
and tibiz. 


Australia; New Zealand. 


CHALCIDIDA. 
TORYMINZ. 
Callimome antipoda. 

Exp. al. 2 lin.; long. corp. 1 lin. 

Greenish blue, coarsely punctured, and with golden 
reflections on the sides. Antenne brown. Legs brownish 
yellow ; upper surface of the coxe and outside of the ~ 
femora green. Wings subhyaline, with yellow nervures ; 
cubitus brown, hook-shaped ; ovipositor about as long as 
the abdomen. 


Lindis, New Zealand. Collected by Capt. F. H. 
Hutton. 


TEREBRANTIA. 
SIRICIDA. 
XIPHIDRIINZA, 
Derecyrta flavipes, Phil. 

The female is considerably larger than the male (exp. 
al. ¢ 8 lin.; ? 18 lin.), and the legs are entirely fulvous, 
except the coxe and trochanters. ‘The hind tibiz in both 
sexes are armed with one or perhaps two very slender 


little-known species of Hymenoptera. 208 


middle spurs, a character which allies this species to 
Megalodontes, but which I do not notice in any other 
Derecyrta or Brachyxiphus. 


TENTHREDINIDA. 
SELANDRIIN. 
CacosyNnpDya. 

Pompholyx, Freym., Protocole d’Antr.-Mose., viii., 
p- 217 (1870), nec Lea, 1852 (Mollusca). Type, 
Pompholyx dimorpha, Freym. 

This genus is remarkable among the Tenthredinide 

for its having an apterous female, and I have therefore 
given it a name alluding to the disparity of the sexes. 


EMPHYTIN&. 
Aneugmenus Thwaitesii. 
Exp. al. 4 lin.; long. corp. 2 lin. 


Black ; antenne 10-jointed, the joints well separated, 
the 2nd, 4th, and 7th of equal size, the 8th, 9th, and 
10th gradually smaller and slenderer, the 3rd and 5th 
twice as long as the 2nd, &c., and the 4th half as long 
again as the 2nd. Head and abdomen punctured ; 
thorax smooth and shining. Legs blackish brown, set 
with short bristles ; tarsi whitish yellow; claws brown. 
Wings dusky hyaline, with piceous nervures, and covered 
with short hairs. 


Ceylon ; collected by the late Dr. Thwaites. The de- 
scription is somewhat incomplete, owing to the specimen 
being carded. 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1888.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) Q 


i ane Nay 


Seatiiemariet 
ate OM bas 
he ae ie Aviat ae “ie Abs 
Bi I Ye ied coe Ga .: 
inih oie Bh) Hitew 8 ae MATa, Vite pees 
egy 54 RNS ay oa ts ae gang Roh 


& 


eft cfileeha Atty dt iaetat A; ay ties 


‘Sia t ab Hi crea 
; . t ~v 


( 205 ) 


XI. Supplement to the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan, 
chiefly from the collection of Mr. George Lewis, made 
during his second visit, from February, 1880, to 


September, 1881. By H. W. Batss, F.R.S., F.L.S8. 
[Read June 6th, 1883. ] 


Puates XII. and XIII. 


Durine his second visit to Japan, in 1880 and 1881, Mr. 
Lewis made an extended tour through the islands, and 
collected industriously, with the aid of his Japanese 
assistants, in the central and northern parts of the main 
island and in the southern part of Yezo, as well as in 
the southern provinces, where most of his material 
was obtained on the former occasion. The map 
appended to the present paper and the itinerary 
at the end of these introductory remarks will enable 
the reader to form a better idea of the extent of 
his excursions through the islands than could be given 
by a detailed description. The result of his labours, as 
far as relates to the Geodephaga, is the discovery of 118 
new species, besides the detection of a number previously 
‘known from other regions, but not from Japan, which, 
with a few discovered by other collectors, enable me to 
-add 159 species* to the list of the Geodephaga given in 
my first paper, ‘‘On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of 
Japan,” published in these Transactions for the year 
18738, pp. 219—822. The following is a list of the species 
to be added to that given in the paper above referred to :— 


CICINDELIDA. NEBRIINE. 
Cicindela Niohozana. Nebria Lewisi, Bates. 
a5 ovipennis. »,  Sadona. 
3 novitia. »  s@viens. 
5 Niponensis. me Repecde 
(= Sumatrensis, Herbst, var.). 5, Japonica. 
»,  Cchalceola. 
CARABIDA. »  Snowi. 
ELAPHRIN”. 5» _jamata, Mots. 
Elaphrus dauricus, Mor. Leistus crassus. 
sn ALeCtO. 


* Including the ‘‘ Additions to the List of Geodephagous Cole- 
optera of Japan,” by myself, in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 1, 
and a species described by Mr. Lewis in Ann. & Mag., Dec., 1879. 


TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PaRT III. (AUG.) R 


206 


Leistus prolongatus. 
5,  obtusicollis. 
»,  subeneus. 
Carabus telluris, Lewis. 
(= granulatus, L., var.). 
=n Yezoensis. 
es Vanvolxemi, Putz. 
»  conciliator, Fisch. 
» Meander, Fisch. 
»  aquatilis. 
»  arboreus, Lewis. 
“9 exilis. 
As tenuiformis. 
as gracillinus. 
an Fujisanus. 
5  porrecticollis. 
ms opaculus, Putz. 
A Gehinii, Fairm. 
Damaster capito, Lewis. 
Calosoma Chinense, Kirby. 


ScARITIN2E. 
Dyschirius Yezoensis. 
as glypturus. 


BrRoscinz. 
Broscosoma elegans. 


PANAG HINA. 
Peronomerus fumatus, Schaum. 

rs auripilis. 

CHLENIINE. 


Chlenius prostenus. 


HARPALINE. 
Ophonus constrictus. 
Harpalus vicarius, Har. 
leptopus. 
Ҥ chlorizans. 
a fuliginosus, Dufts. 
.. flavitarsis, De}. 


7 vartipes. 
Stenolophus connotatus. 
es agonoides. 


Acupalpus marginatus, Lucas. 
Tachycellus subditus, Lewis. 


AMARIN2E. 
Bradytus macros. 
Amara Zimmermanni, Putz. 
(=chalcites, Zim., var.). 
,,  striatella, Putz. 
(= chalcites, Zim., var.). 


PTEROSTICHINE. 
Morio Japonicus. 
Trigonognatha aurescens. 
Allotriopus hoplites. 
Hypherpes colonus, 


Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Pterostichus macrogenys. 


a pachinus. 

asymmetricus. 

Pp spiculifer. 

- mirificus. 

A polygenus. 

os sejunctus. 

FA defossus. 

oh leptis. 
ambigenus. 


” 
Platysma oblongopunctata, Fab. 
Lagarus nimbatidius, Chaud. 
» dulcis. 
Pecilus prolixus. 
(=fortipes, Chaud. var. ?) 
Stomis prognathus. 


ANCHOMENINE. 
Eucalathus colpodoides. 
Crepidactyla melantho. 
Trephionus Nikkoensis. 
Anchomenus subovatus, Putz. 


3 vestus. 

P calleides. 

a5 sculptipes. 
. suavissimus. 
a Ogure. 


se charillus. 

Colpodes Bentonis. 

“5 mutator. 

> integratus. 

iA astictus. 

5  amphinomus. 

“8 limodromoides. 

a elainus. 

bs chloreis. 

33 Hakonus, Har. 

»,  speculator, Har. 

“ aurelius. 

$ rubriolus. 
Euplynes Batesi, Har. 


PERIGONINE. 
Perigona acupalpoides. 
»  discipennis. 
sinuata. 
> tachyoides. 


PoGoNINE. 
Pogonus Japonicus, Putz. 


TRECHINE, 
Trechus discus, F. 
»  +«oreas. 


»,  punctatostriatus, Putz. 
>»  vicarius. 


BEMBIDIINE. 
Tachyta nana, Gyll. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 


Tachys scydmenoides, Nietn. 
»  reflexicollis. 
»  euglyptus. 

Cillenum Yokohame. 


Lymneum quadri-impressum, Mots. 


Bembidium varium, Ol. 


207 


DryPtinm. 
Drypta fulveola. 
Dendrocellus geniculatus, Klug. 


BRACHININ®”. 
Brachinus eneicostis. 


A articulatum, Panz. 
a pediscum. CoPprToDERINE. 
i Sturmii, Panz. Catascopus ignicinctus. 
% wanthocera. Lioptera erotyloides. 
4) tetraporum. Coptodera Japonica. 
a aureofuscum. a subapicalis, Putz. 
y pliculatum. Mochtherus luctuosus, Putz. 
ae lucillum. Dolichoctis ornatellus. 
- amaurum. 
o Nikkoense. DRoMIINE. 
ca elongatum, Dej. Dromius campanulatus. 
$3 cnemidotum. i breviceps. 
” oxyglymma. »  erassipalpis. 
ra eurygonum. Blechrus glabratus, Dufts. 
A sanatum. ss maurus, Sturm. 
i semiluitum. Metabletus 4-punctatus, Schmidt- 
- chloreum. Goeb. ? 
rp misellum, Har. Demetrias marginicollis. 
“1 leucolenum. 
5: pogonoides. PHYSODERINE. 
rs eneipes. Lachnoderma asperum. 
” chloropus. 
- striatum, F. PENTAGONICINE. 
Pentagonica angulosa. 
HEXAGONIINE. 
Trigonodactyla insignis. LEBIINE. 
Lebia duplex. 
ODACANTHIN2. » sylvarum. 
Casnonia litura, Schmidt-Goeb. », Lolanthe. 


” egrota. 


The number of species contained in the original list 
was 244, but three of these (Calosoma nikado, Pterostichus 
Japonicus, and P. tropidurus), having been proved to be 
synonyms of others in the list, must be deducted, 
leaving the number 241, which, added to the 159 now 
added, make a total of 400.* The changes and rectifi- 
cations to be made in the former list consequent on 
later observations, the institution of new genera and so 
forth, are as follow :— 


Notiophilus impressifrons, Mor. (nec 
Chaud.). 
= Niponicus, Lewis, Cat. Coleop. 
Jap. 
Calosoma mikado, 
= Maximowiczi, Mor. 


Panageus singularis. 

= Tinoderus id., Chaud. 
Chlenius hospes. 

= posticalis, Mots., Chaud. 
Chlenius subhamatus. 

= biguttatus, Mots., Chaud. 


* Some few single specimens taken by Mr. Lewis remain unde- 
scribed ; these would bring the total to about 406, 


208 


Chlenius culminatus. 
=nigricans, Wiedm., Chaud. 
Harpalus levicollis (nec Dufts.). 
= congruus, Mots. 
Harpalus Japonicus. 
=rugicollis, Mots. 
Harpalus argutoroides. 
= Oxycentrus id., Chaud. 
Harpalus relucens. 
= Tridessus id., Bates. 
Harpalus zabroides (nec. Dej.). 
= corporosus, Mots. 
Harpalus lucidus. 
= TIridessus id., Bates. 
Pristonychus eneolus. 
= Eucalathus id., Bates. 
Pristodactyla cyclodera. 
= Crepidactyla id. 
TRECHICHINE. 
— PERIGONIN®E. 
Trechichus Japonicus. 
= Perigona Japonica, Bates, Putz. 


Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Pecilus planicollis, Mots. ? 
=encopoleus, Solsky. 
Pecilus lepidus, nec F. 
= fortipes, Chaud. 
Pterostichus microcephalus (nec 
Mots.). 
= Lagarus nimbatus, Mor. 
Pterostichus Japonicus, Mots. 
= prolongatus, Mor. 
Pterostichus tropidurus. 
= prolongatus, Mor. 
Bembidium cognatum, Mor. (nec 
Dej.). 
= B. consentaneum, Munich Cat. 
Crepidogaster bicolor (nec Boh.). 
= Styphromerus Batesi, Chaud. 
Dromius quadraticollis (nec Mor:). 
=prolixus, Bates. 
Paraphea signifera. 
—Anchista binotata, Dej., Chaud. 
Cymindis pictula. 
= Uvea id., Fauvel. 


Triplogenius cwprescens. 
= Trigonognathaid., Mots., Bates. 


With regard to the relations of the Geodephagous 
Fauna of Japan to that of other countries, the new 
material does not supply any facts to overthrow, or even 
to essentially modify, the views put forward in the 
Introduction to the paper of 1873. But though it can 
no longer be pleaded that our knowledge of the Japanese 
fauna in this department is too lmited to justify any 
conclusions being drawn regarding its relations—for 400 
species cannot be very far off the total number, seeing 
that our well-explored islands furnish only 311—our 
much less complete knowledge of the corresponding part 
of the faunas of Kastern Asia compels us to be cautious 
in our generalisations. We cannot, for example, accept 
as a final conclusion the large proportion of peculiar 
genera which the present state of our knowledge gives 
to Japan; although the later discoveries have not 
diminished it, the number in 1873 having been nine 
genera peculiar out of a total of 84, whilst now we find 
11 out of a total of 114. ‘Two of the former nine have 
since proved to be not confined to Japan, but found 
elsewhere, reducing the number to seven; but, on the 
other hand, four new endemic genera have been dis- 
covered. Nor can we determine with any degree of 
certainty, or even discuss to any good purpose, the 
question—To what part of the Asiatic mainland is Japan 
most nearly related in the temperate elements of its 
fauna? ‘The great majority of the species of North 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 209 


Temperate facies or affinities are peculiar, as far as 
we at present know, to Japan, and those which 
are not peculiar are as often Chinese species (found 
in the regions of the lower Yang-tsze, or more to 
the south) as they are East Siberian. The strong 
tropical element which constitutes the most striking 
feature of the Japanese insect fauna is confirmed by 
the new material; 380 of the now-known Japanese 
genera of Geodephaga being found elsewhere only in the 
tropics, chiefly in the Indo-Malayan region. The 
Palearctic relations have, on the other hand, been 
strengthened by the discovery of several genera highly 
characteristic of that great province, such as Hlaphrus, 
Leistus, Ophonus, Stomis, Cillenwn, Lymneum, and 
Blechrus, besides the somewhat less strictly Palearctic 
Pogonus, Broscosoma, Metabletus, and Demetrias. 

The peculiarly Palearctic (or rather North-Temperate) 
genera found in Japan are fewer in number than the 
Tropical, being 18 only, but of the remaining genera of 
the fauna, 58 in number, the contained species are 
more nearly related to North-Temperate forms of the 
same genera than to those of other parts of the world ; 
this may be said to be the case in Carabus, Anchomenus, 
Harpalus, and many others, though in such genera as 
Cicindela, Chlenius, Lebia, and others, the specific 
tropical element is undoubtedly of importance. 

The prevailing character of the Japanese fauna in the 
great section of the Coleoptera to which this paper refers 
is, however, North Temperate. This is to be expected 
from the latitude and geographical position of the 
islands, but the large proportion of tropical genera and 
species is most remarkable, and forms a problem in 
geographical distribution of great interest and difficulty. 
Some of the species are at present known only from 
distant countries like Java, Burmah, and Assam—not 
allied, but identical species; others, including two 
genera (T'aicona and Amphimenes), are peculiar, as far 
as we know, to Japan. Whether this element in the 
fauna was derived directly from the distant south by 
oceanic currents, or vid the Philippines, Formosa, and 
the Loo Choo Archipelago, or again vid the mainland of 
China, it is waste of time to discuss in the present state 
of our knowledge. Tropical forms of other groups of 
animals are known to range into temperate latitudes in 
Eastern Asia, but most of the tropical species of Japanese 


210 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Geodephaga are not known to occur in intermediate lati- 
tudes in China or in the islands just mentioned. Whether 
this absence is real, or due only to our want of know- 
ledge, and whether, if real, the absence has been brought 
about by the destruction of the primitive forests 
of China, many of the tropical species being forest 
forms, must be left for decision to the time when the 
smaller species of Coleoptera in China shall have been 
collected with the same completeness as Mr. Lewis has 
done those of Japan. 


Mr. G. Lewis’ Irrnerary (1880—1881). 


Approx. altitude in figures (feet). Brackets indicate the chief excursions. 
Italics trained native collector sent at date. 


1880. 
Feb. 27.—Yokohama (Tokio), sea-level, until ...........0006 Mar. 16 
Mar. 17.— Miyanoshita, 1890 (Kiga, 1390; Ashinoyu, 
BULL) jhe site ug seeds dawitns apps eaiinas emainn deeee her Pnaeeers ree al) 
» 20.—Yokohama (Bukenji, Oka, Kawasaki, Tokio, 
Kadzusa, Yokosuka, Oyama, 4100)............ April 14 
April 15.— Miyanoshita, 1890 (Odawara, Tonosawa, 466 ; 
DSTO HAM LAG) | indolent aasencdevon dasvadetes teses dese i; YG 
5, 17.—Hakone, 2424 (Gongensama Temple, 2474)... ,, 19 
,, 20.—Suyama (base of Fujisan, Mishima, 59)......... ag ee 


», 23.—Hakone, 2424 (elevated forests to the south, 
about 2788 feet). 
», 24.—Miyanoshita, 1390 (Kiga, 1891; Ojigoku, 4101 ; 
Miyagino, 1493; and Shinyuba, 2280; Oyu)..May 3 
May 4.—Subashiri, 2723 (Otomi- -toge, 3307; Gotemba, 
1529; Fujisan, 12,360, to 3rd rest house, 
Kawaguchi PAKEY Sah tiae dacs cusieagaccoakecetateteee SEO 
», 11.—Miyanoshita, 1390 (Oyu and Shinyuba, 2280).. ,, 14 


Elevated forests above Atami, 4692, and Yugashima, 1 in Idzu, 


7 days. 
» 15.—Yokohama (Enoshima, Bukenji, Tokio)......... Ae 8) 
» 24.—Oyama, in-Sagami, 4100 <...........cceseseeseeeees Pnez 40, 
Sy TV OKO MATIN ss. L ich as cc ace bvatentaccwvedweseeeuetecdes Ps: 
June 1.—Tokio. 
5  2%—Koga. 
5  98—Nikko, 2329 (Chiuzenji, 4272; Nantaizan, 8188; 
INTOHOTAM tS EE:) foscerocasceaathe Set eea eee eee care June 21 


», 22.—Nowata, on the Watarasegawa. 


Tsukuba yama, 8609, 4 days. 


¥ (28e-=VYokohania, amd GODUTDS s..csceidesss.scasedececs vances July 5 
July 6.—Steamer to Hokkaido.................scsecsesseecoees Z 8 
5,  9.—Hakodate. 
,, 18.-Junsai Lake, beyond Nanaye (Suwaratake or 
KC OMATTOPAKES PA (AD) cececsjadcoseccseccdecerceoeee cet al nal 
18.—Hakodate (Ono, Akagawa, Nanaye) ............ ike 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 211 


Kakkumi, 3 days; Matswmai, 3 days. 


July 28.—Junsai Lake (Nanayeyama) ............cseseeeeeees July 
Peay 10 E Dea Cael UO ie ain caiiavins' oes ashlee veaculgnaweseerneateauasersics Aug. 

BUS) 8.— DtOather tO ObATU . '...s.0rcsescansnsesaneantes eenecesse 7m 
Pe BOLO cascada ncase osu cssensesnce ese ccantrartareenttenets 3 


», 16.—Bibi. 

» 17.—Tomakomai. 

;, 18.—Shiraoi. 

Bere eT TO LOM OUSUnces sbces aso case cece cesses sceenerteucteanenice % 
5, 21.—Mororan. 

5, 22.—Steamer to Mori. 

Pee EUKOUAUE © Uavcsed wee cc enabe cececaccodessestenetneaecnes * 


Junsai, 3 days. 
», 930.—Steamer to Awomori. 


55 ol.— Hirosaki ([wakisan, 4921)..........00isecsccoessenee Sept. 
Sept. 2.—Awomori (Soma, Tashironoyu, Yakotasan, 
BOO A SRE in veccavescapicnascccscecassedess se Fe 
s5, 1 £0 Hakodate (AAG WA) sac .ccutaesecesecucccsesssecctes Oct. 


Junsai, 2 days. 


19.—Awomori, Tsudzureko,Akita, Sakata, Niigata, 
ISDAOMINGUGCOT 1 cusdecatvcesvssecdecedacbteddeetesy sve . 
Oct. 10.—Awomori and Kominato. 
», 11.—Shichinohe. 
Fe) LOK ANTIGMC Sad cbdddeceetonceateterecetocccencedceueosesces . 
», 14.—Ichinohe. 
», 15.—Morioka. 
,, 16.—Hanamaki. 
», 17.—Midzusawa (Kitakamigawa). 
», 18.—Kannari. 
», 19.—Furukawa. 
se AO —=$SONGAls LOO) csadersavessteceveceteseaocrvecretsseseesesees + 
», 23.—Fujita. 
», 24,—Fukushima (Motomiya). 
» 25.—Koriyama. 
26.—Shirakawa. 
», 27.—Koyebori. 
», 28.—Yaita. 
D9 NialekGst B29 Voc ccsaeteessnieaevcndiseveetecessecetesere a 
Nov. 1.—Utsunomiya, 384. 
»  2—Tokio. 
B= VOROMAINAL  sacdeeechae es vise oseiccwices eucioheseheseieeawens Nov. 


Motomura, on Oshima or Vries Island, 5 days. 


Dec. 20.—Miyanoshita, 1390 (Uyenoyu, Shinyuba, 2280)..Dec. 
1881. 
ane lV OKOMAIMA,. UNE. tscccevcessspssionsearceenesses veeceeecs Feb. 


Feb. 10.—Steamer to Nagasaki, vid Suwonada. 

13.—Nagasaki (Tomatzu, Ipongi, Nita, Mitsudake, 
1600; Tagami, Kompira, Suwa Temple, 
Akonora, Inasa, Mogikoba, Shimabara, Un- 
sentake, Utsutsukawa, Mogi, Aba, Fukuda, 
MaRS GNEN)! Soerecetaptensaasesscvec ess ovesoncceeaseqcum April 


ce} 


29 


13 


31 


23 


212 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Goka, 1500, in Kwmakuni, 17 days. 
Oyayama, near Kumamoto, 13 days. 
April 22.—Steamer to Kumamoto, in Higo. 


», 23.—Kumamoto (Goka Temple), 42 ...........scseeseeee April 26 

9) 00 ——Y BUSSE | Gowan cegnrseseeroae te rMinansnevnsecdeeeaamre ee 

5, 29.—Konose, 800, on the Kumagawa. 

,, 80.—Ichiuchi or Ikenoshimo, 900 (Higashimata) ...May 2 
May 3.—Hitoyoshi, 1200 (Rakuwayama, 2200; Oguma).. ,, 8 

»  9.—Kuroheiji, 1300. 

», 10.—Yuyama, 3000 (Ichibosayama, 5000) .........+.. ne neal 

», 15.—Hitoyoshi, 1200 (Oguma, 2000).........cscscceeeees zy HE 

,, 18.—Konose, 800. 

,, 19.—Yatsushiro. 

Yuyama, 7 days. 

gs) emia oti yt spesaseisza ie essaasatedenk «roaee een yer | 

5) ) PPS RBBIET: (Urn caceadsisss sant pneesmatendne cp otacteesn de June 38 
June 4.—Steamer to Kobe, vid Shimonoseki............... y 5 

»  6.—Kobe (Hiogo, Minatogawa, Sannomiya, Mai- 

Niece Uo) ike dosent Gert aan ebrcce enor ceerne snes 33 9 
53 LOSER O10: (NSB) Bank etd Bn cevahaasaaseos poeaeuiaaaeeencs enn 


13.—Through Nara; crossing Yodogawa and Lake 
of Ogura, to Nikaido, in Yamato. 

14.—Left Nikaido, passing Yani and Tosanomachi 
to Natsumemura and Kamiichi, 613. 

15.—Kashiwagi, ? 2000 (Omine, 5643; Nishimura, 
Odaigahara, Ikenchaiya, and main road to 


INI GUN 5 ss evecacsievaussassss sacs aves eaneanraatese meme e 
i» , 26-—NaraiQ@s5) © <.. Amcrcesuace tnactes ate oat een eee July 
July 1.—Ogura Lake, 120. 
pe ND RIO EO MUO). partes ates exmennics suveepeuinen deen eeoiieidemae st B 
»  5.—Otsu (Biwa Lake, 240). 
»  6.—Osaka (Tsumiyoshi, Sakai) ...........scecesseeceee 5s 
ge DIK Db) cc. sce cpasene cn sacle mab eageesnennaecsentosaetshiies cen a 


20.—Otsu, 240 (Mayebara, Samegai). 

», 21.—Shinkano. 

22.—Hosokute (Kisogawa). 

» 23.—Nataksugawa. 

» 24.—Tsumago. 

» 25.—Agematsu. 

eG =P UKUAMAMA? 5. bcaenesciptesasdasapssessmes bones deer seme 


Ontake, 10,000, 2 days. 


29.—Yagohara (Torii toge, 4016). 

30.—Seba (Shiwojiri toge, 2503). 

5, 31.—Shimonosuwa (Suwa Lake, Akinomiya). 

Aug. 1.—Wada toge, 5578. 

2.—Mochidzuki. 

3.—Oiwake, 3510. 

4,—Kurigahara (Usui toge, 4002) ...........-.seeeeeee 
7.—Matsuida. 

a 8.— Fukui. 

oF 9.—Niregi. 


29 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 213 


Aug. 10.—Nikk6, 2329 (Imaichi, Niohozan, 7874) ......... Aug. 18 
19.—Chiuzenji (Nantaizan, 8188; Yumoto, 5013)... ,, 24 
», 25.—Nikk6, 2329. 
», 26.—Ashiwo. 
» 27.—Omama. 
5, 28.—Mayebashi. 
29.—Numata, 1417 (Yubiso). 
», 80.—Buno, 3008. 
», 31.—Shimidzu toge, 5184. 
Sept. 1.—Muikamachi, 554. 
»,  2.—Nagaoka, 72. 
»,  98.—Sanjo, 65. 
4:—Niigata (Shinanogawa) ...ss..0.cercseeieecseceoacers Sept. 16 


Sado (Kinpokusan, 1600), 18 days. 


», 17.—Nagaoka. 

», 18.—Horinouchi. 

19.—Urasa, 440; and Seki, 810. 

20.—Futai (Nakano toge, 2800)............scesscesceceess aA) eal 
22.—Yunoshiku (Mikuni toge, 4200). 

23.—Shibukawa. 

24.—Kumagai. 

ile Gar anaau ches nc stot nathurieta sv usnssesccesdscreve cco ous SUCH 


The four principal islands of Japan or Dai-Nipon are:—Kiushiu, 
Shikoku, the main island (which has no native name), and Yezo. 
Hokkaido includes Yezo and the Kurile Islands. 

Smaller islands from which specimens were obtained are :—Tsu- 
shima, Tanegashima, Amakusa, Oshima (Vries) and Sado. 

A few specimens were obtained from Fusan, an open port in 
Chosen (Korea). 

When no altitudes are given the places are usually at, or a little 
above, sea-level, and have not been measured. 


CICINDELIDA. 
Cicindela Niohozana. 


Quoad formam C. sylvatice similis, supra cupreo- 
fusca fere ut in C. hybrida, elytris utrinque lunula inter- 
rupta humerali, fascia parum obliqua valde angulata 
maculaque rotundata submarginali ante apicem, flave- 
scenti-albis, elytris passim haud profunde punctatis 
(punctis viridescentibus) et in interstitiis granulatis; 
labro albo, fere sicut in C. gallica sed longiori, 
medio basi valde convexo, antice medio longe pro- 
ducto, maris dente mediana valida, margine flexuoso, 
versus angulum antico-lateralem sinuato, foem. antice 


214 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


medio obtuse tridentato; palpis metallicis. Long. 16 
mm. 4; °°. 


Mt. Niohozan ; flies like C. Japonica. 


In colour and sculpture of the elytra this species, 
according to the description, must greatly resemble 
C. Sachalinensis of Morawitz; but it cannot be the same, 
as it is much nearer C. Japonica than C. gallica and 
sylvicola, with which latter alone Morawitz compares 
his species, and the form of the median fascia ‘‘ more 
transverse’ than C. gallica, besides the position of the 
subapical spot, which he terms ‘“‘ marginal,’ whereas it 
is remote from the margin, do not agree. The sculp- 
ture of the elytra agrees with Morawitz’s description, as 
far as the mixture of shallow punctures and obtuse 
granules goes, but there are in addition distinct traces 
of the rows of larger punctures characteristic of the 
C. sylvatica group, of which Morawitz makes no mention ; 
these punctures are very distinct along the basal de- 
pression on each elytron, but distinct traces also exist of 
the longitudinal row towards the suture. The under side of 
the thorax and the femora, with the sides of the basal ven- 
tral segments, are coppery red, scarcely shining, the rest 
of the abdomen and the legs brassy green; the sides of the 
sterna and the femora are clothed with coarse hair. The 
median fascia of the elytra is similar to that of C. sylvatica, 
with the important difference that it bends in the middle 
at a much more acute angle, and the inner part, or hook, 
dips down more and is much narrower than the outer or 
marginal part. 


Cicindela ovipennis. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 1). 


Species singularis, elytris elongato-ovatis humeris 
nullis thoraceque elongato. Supra obscure rufo-cuprea, 
viridi-micans, elytris marginibus letius cupreis, fascia 
brevissima mediana (a margine laterali distante) plus 
minusve curvata, transversim posita maculaque mar- 
ginali ante apicem (interdum extus per marginem pro- 
longata et virguliformi) albis (fasciola mediana nigro- 
marginata) ; capite sat magno exserto, thorace latiori; 
corpore subtus viridi-cupreo, ventro medio et apice 
obscuriori nitido ; labro albo, convexo medio late modice 
producto, margine tridentato ; palpis omnino metallicis. 
Long. 183—15 mm., 3, 2. 


Sado. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 215 


This curious species partakes of the characters of the 
two groups C. campestris and C. germanica, but the 
elytra are much more ovate than any other species 
known to me, C. dromicoides only approaching it in this 
respect. In the markings of the elytra it much resembles 
C. Ismenia. The head is moderately concave between 
the eyes, and somewhat regularly and strongly striated 
(more finely on the vertical forehead). The thorax is 
long and narrow, very slightly narrowed behind and with 
nearly straight sides, the surface vermiculate-rugose ; 
the elytra are flattened and slightly explanated along the 
sides, and remarkably convex in the middle at three- 
fourths their length ; their sculpture consists in bluish 
green punctures each surmounted (anteriorly) by a 
minute shining granule, and in an irregular row of much 
larger punctures each with a central golden point. The 
body beneath is glabrous, excepting (in some individuals) 
a few white hairs on the metasternum. 


Cicindela Amurensis. 


Cicindela amurensis, Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 
1863, p. 2388; Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1878, p. 227. 


The typical form of this species, common in temperate 
latitudes of Eastern Asia from the Amur to the Yang- 
tsze, is, as described by Morawitz, 8;—93 mm. long, 
and of metallic colours on its upper surface. The elytra 
are punctured; the punctures, though shallow, being 
rendered conspicuous by being each on a bluish green 
spot, contrasted with the coppery hue of the ground 
colour; and on the anterior margin of each puncture is 
a minute bright speck, a rudimentary granule. As a 
decisive character distinguishing this species from C. 
hterata and allies, | may mention that the trochanters 
in all the legs are red. 


On the sea-shore of Hakodate, where Mr. Lewis on 
his recent journey has met with this species, it occurs 
in a high degree of development, some of the examples 
measuring 11 mm., and being proportionately more 
robust, with wider pale elytral markings and more 
rounded thorax. In the same locality he found the 
following allied form, sufficiently distinct to merit a 
specific name :— 


216 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Cicindela novitia. 


C. literata longior et paullo gracilior, supra subolivaceo- 
nigra thoracis limbo interdum obscure cupreo, subtus 
femoribusque viridi-auratis nitidis trochanteribus rufis ; 
thorace fere cylindrico, elytris opacis tenuiter granulatis 
haud perspicue punctatis; signaturis sicut in C. amur- 
ensit ged latioribus, scilicet lunula humerali, ramo 
inferiori elongato apice retrorsum (versus basin) hamato- 
clavato, fascia mediana maxime tortuosa, vitta mediana 
marginali, lunulaque apicali cujus ramo superiori valde 
elongata subrecte discum versus extenso. Long. 93—103 
LAM ANaR Meh ot Pee 

Hakodate; Niigata. 


Cicindela Sumatrensis, Herbst; Dejean, Sp. Gen. 1., 
p- 88. Local var. Niponensis. 


C. Sumatrensis is distributed, with very little local 
variation, over the whole Indo-Malayan region—S§Su- 
matra, Java, Bali, Ceylon, India, the Philippines, &c. 
In Japan it reappears in quite a northern locality, on 
the sea-shore at Niigata, in North-Western Nipon. 
Compared with the largest Indian specimens I find no 
difference, except the broader and more robust form 
(the thorax notably broader), the more obtuse angle 
described by the median fascia, from which it results 
that the inner portion of the fascia runs more obliquely 
towards the suture, and the existence of a minute 
granule on the anterior edge of each elytral puncture. 
The females measure 143 mm., the largest Indian 
females I have seen 123 (5% lines): Dejean gives 5—5} 
lines as the length of the species as known to him. 
The remarkable dilatation of the female elytra at one- 
third the length, and form of the labrum strongly uni- 
dentate in the middle, with the front edge straight and 
slightly oblique from the tooth to the anterior angles, 
are the same in both forms. 


CARABIDA. 


Omophron equalis, Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferf. der Ins. 
Jesso, p. 6; Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, 
p- 229. 


Mr. Lewis has met with this species under two rather 
distinct forms: in one, from Sapporo, near which place 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 217 


Morawitz’s specimen was derived, of rather larger size, 
the pale belts of the elytra are reduced in width and 
more or less interrupted ; in the other, from Hiogo, rather 
smaller, the belts are wider (wider than they generally 
are in European specimens of O. limbatum). In both 
the sides of the thorax are straighter and the anterior 
angles longer than in O. limbatum. 


Elaphrus dauricus, Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersburg, 
1863, p. 239. 


One example at Tomakomai, 17th August, 1880. 


Nebria Lewisi, Bates, Ent. Mo. Mag. xi. p. 22 (1874). 


Kawachi. Abundant under stones at Hakone Lake, 
and extends north to Morioka; also at Kumamoto. 


Nebria Sadona. 


Valde elongata, pedibus gracilibus, elytris antice 
gradatim angustatis sed humeris distinctis obtusis ; 
nigerrima subnitida; capite parvo levi, collo paullulum 
constricto ; oculis modice convexis; thorace fere sicut in 
N. fasciatopunctata late cordato, angulis posticis retrorsum 
productis acutis, anticis rotundatis, margine laterali late 
explanato-reflexo; elytris profunde striatis, striis fundo 
subtiliter crenatis, interstitiis convexis tertio 4—5 punc- 
tato. Long. 14 mm., ?. 


Sado. A male example from Oyayama, of similar 
size and form, differs in the thorax being more gradually 
narrowed in front and with more produced fore angles. 
It is possible it may be the other sex of this species. 


Nebria s@viens. 

N. Sadone affinis. Elongata, subgracilis, nigra, par- 
tibus oris, antennis pedibusque (coxis exceptis) fulvo- 
rufis; capite fere levi, collo convexo nullomodo trans- 
versim impresso, fronte foveis duabus parum impressis ; 
oculis valde prominentibus; thorace relative magno, 
elytris vix angustiori, quadrato-cordato antice modice, 
nec rotundato-, angustato angulis anticis productis 
(apice obtusis), postice longe, sed parum angustato, sub- 
sinuato, angulis posticis retrorsum productis apice 
acutissimis, margine laterali explanato-reflexo, limbo 


218 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


toto subrugoso-punctato ; elytris lateribus subregulariter 
modice rotundatis, plica basali parum arcuato, humeris 
obtusis, apice oblique sinuatis, punctato-striatis inter- 
stitiis paullulum convexis, tertio 4-punctato punctis 
parum conspicuis, sternis utrinque parum  profunde 
punctatis. Long. 11 mm., 3. 

Sado. 


I know of no described species at all closely resembling 
this in form. It comes, perhaps, nearest to N. Manner- 
heim, Fisch., but is of more slender form, with longer 
thorax, more gradually narrowed behind, and with 
broader reflexed margins and much longer hind angles. 


Nebria reflexa. 

Modice elongata, subgracilis, piceo-nigra, supra leviter 
iridea, antennis partibus oris pedibus (coxis inclusis) et 
thoracis elytrorumque marginibus (cum epipleuris) piceo- 
rufis; capite parvo post oculos sat angustato, collo supra 
transversim perparumimpresso; oculis modice prominen- 
tibus; thorace relative magno, quadrato-cordato antice 
eradatim subrecte angustato, angulis anticis valde pro- 
ductis, postice quam antice multo magis angustato, 
angulis posticis productis et supra elytrorum basin ele- 
vatis, margine laterali late explanato, reflexo, basi punc- 
tato; elytris elongato-ovatis versus basin paullo an- 
oustatis, plica basali fere recta, angulo humerali obtuso 
sed distincto, punctulato- striatis, interstitiis vix convexis 
tertio punctis 4—5. Long. 8} 9 mm; 35, 2. 


Iwakisan, under stones, September. 


Var. N. Niohozana. 

Distinctly larger and relatively longer (103 mm.) ; 
thorax longer, base of antenne and thighs sometimes 
darker piceous. Male and female. 

Niohozan, under snow, June. 

The species has a small head, like N. Lafrenayet. The 
thorax is similar in shape, but broader and more rounded 
on the sides. 


Nebria Japonica. 
N. Gyllenhalii affinis sed multo major et magis 
elongata. Nigra nitida tarsis palpisque picescentibus ; 
capite levi ante collum perparum transversim impresso 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 219 


haud foveato, collo convexo, oculis prominentibus. 
Antennis valde elongatis articulis 5—11 piceo-fuscis ; 
thorace sicut in N. Gyllenhalii transversim quadrato- 
cordato marginibusque punctatis; elytris elongato- 
oblongis, plica basali arcuata, angulo humerali distincto, 
punctato-striatis, interstitlis vix convexis tertio 5 punc- 
tato; corpore subtus fere levi. Long. 10}—11 mm., 
Sete oad 
Iwakisan, abundant. 


Appears to differ from all the numerous Siberian species 
of the Gyllenhalit group which have been described. N. 
protensa, Mots. (anthracina, Morawitz) seems to approach 
it most nearly, but, besides being smaller, it differs in 
the sculpture of the head and elytra. 


Nebria chalceola. 


Parva, convexiuscula, piceo-nigra elytris obscure 
Viridi-zneis, antennis palpis tibus et tarsis rufo-piceis ; 
capite levi postice transversim impresso ; oculis magnis 
convexis ; thorace relative magno, quadrato, postice 
minime angustato, ante medium leviter rotundato, angulis 
anticis parum productis posticis rectis, margine laterali 
late explanato-reflexo interdum rufescenti, supra (punctis 
nonnulis basi exceptis) levi, polito, foveisque profunde 
impressis ; elytris brevius oblongo-ovatis, striis punctato- 
crenatis versus latera et apicem evanescentibus, plica 
basali recta transversa, angulo humerali dentiformi; 
corpore subtus levissimo; processu mesosternali minus 
elevato, supra declivi. Long. 6—7 mm., 3, 2. 

Hakone, Oyama, Niohozan. 


A very distinct species. At first sight resembling a 
small Pterostichid much more than a Nebria. It is 
less slender in all its parts than other Nebrie, and the 
antenne are distinctly shorter. The elytra are dark 
bluish green, metallic. 


Nebria Snow. 

N. Germari subsimilis, sed oculis magis prominulis 
elytrisque versus basin minus angustatis, &c. Nigro- 
picea elytris leviter purpurascentibus antennis palpis 
pedibusque obscure piceis his interdum rufo-piceis; 
capite levi postice (medio collo) fovea lineari impresso ; 
oculis valde prominentibus; thorace elytris multo an- 
gustiori, relative parvo, quadrato-cordato, postice (prope 


220 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


basin) fortiter angustato sed parum sinuato angulis 
posticis acutis anticis subacutis, margine laterali anguste 
explanato-reflexo, dorso fere levi; elytris elongato-ovatis 
versus basin angustatis, plica basali retrorsum obliqua, 
angulo humerali obtuso sed distincto, striis parum im- 
pressis hic illic undulatis indistincte punctulatis, inter- 
stitiis vix convexis tertio punctis 5. Long. 10} mm., 
o,f. 


Ketoi, one of the Kuriles, under stones (Mr. Snow). 


The punctures on the third interstice are continued as 
transverse impressions across the interstice. The thorax 
differs from that of N. Germari in being less rounded 
anteriorly, less sinuated at the posterior constriction (the 
acute hind angles standing out in consequence much 
less), and in the lateral margins being broader and much 
more reflexed. 


Nebria jamata, Motschulsky, Bull. Mosc. 1865, iv. p. 281. 
North Japan; Kurile Is. 


This species is classed by its author in his brevicollis 
group, and therefore cannot have anything in common 
with the N. Snowit above described. I have not seen any 
insect answering to the description. 


Leistus crassus. 


L. spimbarhi paullo major et multo convexior, subeneo- 
niger, nitidus; antennis partibus oris pedibusque tes- 
taceo-rufis ; capite ruguloso-punctato, media fronte 
leviori ibique fovea elongata, collo sulcato-constricto, 
labro medio haud producto, mandibulis longe pro- 
ductis ; thorace latissimo, disco excepto grosse punctato, 
medio valde dilatato-rotundato, postice contracto et 
rectilaterali, angulis rectis, marginibus sat late expla- 
natis; elytris oblongis, mox pone humeros latioribus, 
postea paullulum angustioribus, sat grosse punctato- 
striatis, prosterno toto, pectoris ventrisque (ad basin) 
lateribus grosse punctatis. Long. 94—10 mm. 


Rakuwayama, near Hitoyoshi. 


Much more convex and robust than any other species 
known to me; black, with a slight brassy or purplish 
tinge. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 221 


Leistus alecto. 


L. laticollis (Mor.), Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 
1875 ? 

L. piceo quoad formam haud dissimilis, sed elytris 
versus basin minus angustatis; L. laticolli (Moraw.) 
affinissimus, differt solum elytris paullo longioribus et 
postice magis dilatatis, colore obscuriori subeneo-tincto. 
Hlongatus, gracilis, piceo-niger subeneo-tinctus; an- 
tennis (articulis 1- vel 1—4 leviter infuscatis) partibus 
oris tibiis et tarsis testaceo-fulvis ; capite convexo, levi, 
collo sulcato-constricto ; thorace minus lato, sub- 
rotundato, lateribus postice ante angulum rectis, mar- 
gine antice et postice plus minusve punctato; elytris 
elongato-ovatis ab ultra medium usque ad basin gradatim 
angustatis sed humeris magis quam in L. piceo per- 
spicuis, sat profunde punctulato-striatis, striis versus 
latera et apicem evanescentibus; prosterno medio pec- 
toreque lateribus sparsim grosse punctatis. Long 9— 
94mm.,d, 2. 


Sapporo ; Nikko. 


The tendency of the striz on the sides and the apex to 
become more feebly impressed or to disappear altogether 
is common to this species and to a distinct Kast Siberian 
one, four examples of which I obtained from the Maack 
collection, and which agree very well with L. laticollis, 
Mor. 


Leistus prolongatus. 


Valde elongatus, antennis (articulis 1—4 infuscatis) 
partibusque oris fulvo-testaceis, tibiis et tarsis rufo- 
piceis, palpis maxillaribus apice intus guttula nigra; 
capite quam in JL. spinibarbi longiori, oculis minus 
prominentibus, mandibulis maxillisque multo magis 
elongatis, vertice valde convexo collo constricto; thorace 
subovato, antice modice rotundato postice gradatim 
usque ad angulos posticos obtusos (fere rotundatos) 
angustato, basi tantum punctato ; elytris maxime elonga- 
tis, angustis, postice convexis, medio subparallelis, prope 
basin gradatim angustatis, basi (apud plicam) angustis, 
humeris nullis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis sat convexis. 
Long. 104 mm., 3. 


Oguma, in Higo. One example in May. 
TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT III. (AUG.) 8 


222 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Distinguished from all Leisti known to me, except the 
two following, by the form of the thorax, the lateral 
margin not straightening to form the usual rectangular 
hind angles. This form of thorax appears to occur also in 
L. caucasicus, a species which I have not seen. C. rotundt- 
collis, Motsch., may possibly be similar, but the author 
does not describe the hind angles. 


Leistus obtusicollis. 


L. prolongato proxime affinis sed minus elongatus ; 
LL. piceo similis et differt precipue statura majori tho- 
racisque angulis posticis obtusis. Piceo-niger, partibus 
oris (palpis totis) antennis (scapo solum infuscato) tibiis 
et tarsis testaceo-fulvis ; capite supra convexo, collo con- 
stricto, mandibulis longe ultra labrum prolongatis ; 
thorace fere sicut in L. piceo, subovato, postice subrecte 
usque ad angulos obtusos angustato, marginibus anticis 
et posticis ruguloso-punctatis; elytris modice convexis, 
elongato-ovatis, antice angustatis, ad basin angustissimis, 
punctato-striatis, interstitiis sat convexis; sternis abdo- 
minisque basi utrinque grosse punctatis. Long. 9} mm., 
dy f. 

Hakone, in May; in moss on the trunks of Cryptomeria 
at Gongensama Temple. 


Besides the rather smaller size and the more widely 
spread punctuation of the thorax, this species differs 
from C. prolongatus in the decidedly shorter and relatively 
broader and less parallel-sided elytra. In LZ. obtusi- 
collis the elytra have rounded sides, and are narrowed 
from behind the middle to the base; elytral shoulders 
there are none, though the very oblique basal plica 
joins the margin at a distinct angle. 


Leistus subeneus. 


L. prolongato et L. obtusicolli affinis, sed elytris bre- 
vioribus et latius ovatis ; niger supra obscure olivaceo- 
eneus nitidus, antennis (articulis 1—4 plus minusve 
infuscatis) partibusque oris fulvo-testaceis, tibiis et 
tarsis rufo-piceis ; capite et thorace sicut in C. obtusicolli, 
sed hoe antice et postice obsolete punctato, postice usque 
ad angulos subrecte angustato, angulis pedunculo arcte 
adhgrentibus obtusis ; elytris brevius ovatis, paullo ante 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 223 


apicem latis, deinde usque ad basin subrotundatim an- 
gustatis, ad basin angustissimis, olivaceo-zneis punctato- 
striatis, interstitiis sat convexis. Long. 8;—84 mm. 

Nikko, under moss in forests at high elevations, in 
early summer. 


Carabus granulatus (Lin.), var. telluris, Lewis, Trans. 
Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 526. 


C. granulato quoad formam simillimus; a typo differt 
thorace creberrime vermiculato-rugoso et punctato ely- 
trisque inter interstitia catenata costa unica nitida. 
Niger obscure viridi vel cupreo-tinctus, parum nitidus. 
Long. 23 mm. 


Tonosawa, Central Japan. 


Neither this nor the following species or local sub- 
species is the C. Maacki, Morawitz, as Mr. Lewis at 
first thought (loc. cit.). C. Maacki is said by. Mots- 
chulsky to be an Kast Siberian variety of C. conciliator, 
a species well distinguished from C. granulatus by the 
scale-like minute sculpture of the elytra. In C. telluris 
the elytral interstices are thickly covered with small 
separate granulations, more distinct from each other 
than in the typical C. granulatus, and this does not agree 
with Morawitz’s description, ‘“‘interstitiis rugulosis et 
eranulatis.”” The tubercles of the ‘“chain-strie”’ are 
shorter than is usual in the European C. granulatus, 
resembling in this respect the ordinary varieties of the 
species so abundant in Hast Siberia. 


Carabus Yezoensis. 


C. granulato affinis sed differt elytris magis convexis 
et ovatis; viridescenti-niger, opacus ; capite et thorace 
creberrime vermiculato-rugosis, hoc sicut in C. granulato 
sed postice (mox ante basin) fortius sinuato-angustato ; 
elytris elongato-ovatis, lateribus in utroque sexu rotun- 
datis, inter interstitia catenata ‘tricostulatis, costulis 
fere equalibus rugulosis, mediana tantum hic illic levi, 
interstitiis crebre asperato-granulatis ; apice sicut in C. 
granulato sat profunde sinuatis. Long. 26 mm., 3, ?. 


Sapporo, and across to Junsai Lake. 


Although belonging to the granulatus group, this spe- 
cies differs too much in form and sculpture to be treated 
as a simple local form of C. granulatus. Its facies is 


224 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


entirely different, owing to its more ovate and convex 
elytra, its opaque surface, and minute sculpture; the 
short tubercles of the chain-strie and some parts of the 
median raised lines alone being smooth. It is probably 
the C. granulatus var. of Yezo described by Morawitz as 
elytra ‘‘ mit drei rauhen flachen Lingsrippen.” 


Carabus Van Volxem, Putzeys. 
Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xviii. (1875), p. 2. 
Chiuzenji, Suyama, Wada-togé. Island of Sado. 


Like all other species of this genus, C. Van Volxemi 
varies in sculpture and in form. At Awomori a variety 
occurs in which the tubercles of the chain-strie are 
broader than in the type. 


Carabus conciliator, Fischer. 


Fischer, Ent. Russ., i., p. 102; pl. 10, fig. 25; Dej., 
Sp. Gen., v., p. 542. 

Sapporo and Cape Soya; two examples, not differing 
from others from Lake Baikal. 


Carabus Meander, Fischer. 


Fischer, Ent. Russ., i., p. 108; Dej., Sp. Gen., i1., 
p- 486. 


Sapporo; two examples, differing from East Siberian 
specimens only in the elytral tubercles bemg much | 
narrower and less ovate in shape. 


Carabus aquatilis. 


C. clathrato affinis; major, multo magis elongatus. 
Oblongo-elongatus supra nigro-eneus (elytris precipue 
fem. subopacis) ; capite thoraceque nitidis, illo relative 
parvo, sparsim punctato, juxta oculos convexos multi- 
strigoso, hoc sat elongato antice gradatim (vix arcuatim) 
angustato, versus basin breviter sinuato, basi dilatato, 
aneulis posticis perparum retrorsum et extrorsum pro- 
ductis, basi utrinque late haud profunde sinuato, mar- 
cinibus lateralibus reflexis, margine ipse incrassato ; 
elytris maxime elongato-oblongis, apice sinuatis, utrinque 
costis tribus angustis valde elevatis, interstitiis late con- 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 225 


cavis, subtiliter granulatis, singulo serie tuberculorum 
angustorum foveolis vix impressis et haud metallicis 
separata ; subtus nigro, levi polito. Long. 30—34mm., 
3, eo. 

Shimonosuwa Lake. Taken plentifully by pressing 
down the aquatic weeds floating round the margin of 
the lake. 


A fine and well-marked species, nearest allied to C. 
clathratus, but different in shape and wanting the metallic 
fovee of the elytra. The tubercles in the broad furrows 
are always narrow, and are sometimes scarcely elevated 
or perceptible. 


Carabus procerulus, Chaudoir. 
Chaudoir, Rev. & Mag. Zool., 1862, p. 486. 


Yokohama. Elevated forests in Central Japan, Chiu- 
zenji, Morioka, Awomori. Winters under bark, and in 
summer comes freely to sugar. Also one specimen on 
Oyayama in Kiushiu. 

Mr. Lewis in his notes distinguishes as a separate 
form the Yokohama specimens (of which he has only 
three) and those from the other localities above men- 
tioned. The only difference I can detect is a slight 
modification in the outline of the thorax; the Yokohama 
form being less cordate, 7. ¢., the sides are more gradually 
rounded immediately behind the anterior angles and less 
contracted behind. This difference, however, is not con- 
stant, and specimens from distant localities are as nearly 
as possible identical in form of thorax. The females 
vary in the more or less elongate-ovate form of the 
elytra. 

Carabus arboreus, Lewis. 

Lewis, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 526. 

Paullo minus elongatus, fuligineo-niger opacus; tho- 
race quam in C. procerulo breviori ante medium magis 
rotundato-dilatato angulisque posticis minus elongatis vix 
retrorsum productis; elytris quoad sculpturam simillimis, 
sed minus prolongatis, foem. ovatis; segmentis ventrali- 
bus sine sulculo basali. Long. 27—32 mm., dg, 2. 

Sapporo, Bibi, and Junsai; Yezo. In damp forests 
under bark and logs. 


226 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Of quite different facies from the long and narrow 
type-form of C. procerulus from Yokohama, but neverthe- 
less linked with it by intermediate varieties found in inter- 
mediate latitudes. It is relatively shorter and especially 
in the female more ovate than C. procerulus, and the thorax 
is slightly more rotundate-dilated anteriorly and more 
contracted posteriorly. In all examples of C. procerulus 
there is a fine arcuated transverse groove across the 
basal part of the ventral segments, of which there are 
scarcely any traces in C. arboreus. 


Carabus exilis. 


C. procerulo proxime affinis sed multo minor et adhuc 
gracilior. Valde angustatus, fuligimeus opacus ; capite 
coriaceo; thorace elongato, subcordato-quadrato, antice 
modice rotundato et postice parum sinuato-constricto, 
angulis posticis sat productis, dorso creberrime ruguloso- 
punctulato, rugulis transversis nec vermiculatis ; elytris 
angustis, parallelis (fem. lateribus paullo rotundatis) 
apice fere integris (ad suturam subprolongatis), dorso 
utrinque striis catenatis 3, lineis elevatis 3 alternatis, 
omnibus angustis et granulatis, subnitidis, interstitiis 
depressis opacis haud punctatis minute granulatis ; sub- 
tus sulculis ventralibus obsoletis. Long. 20—24 mm., 
3, ek. 

Island of Sado. 


To all appearance a dwarf form of C. procerulus; but, 
besides its exceedingly slender (and in the male parallel- 
sided) form, it differs distinctly in sculpture, the three 
raised lines between the chain-striz being uninterrupted, 
and the strize proper or depressed interstices between 
the raised lines being opaque, with a few granules. In 
its typical state C. exilis appears to occur only in the 
Island of Sado. There are scarcely any traces of im- 
pressed punctures in the striz proper. 


Carabus tenuiformis. 
C. exilt proxime affinis et similis sed differt elytris 
punctato-striatis. Long. 21—23 mm., 3, ¢. 
Niohozan and Chiuzenji. 


There is scarcely any difference in form between this 
and C. exilis, but the strie (or depressed interstices of 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 227 


the raised lines) have throughout a range of conspicuous 
punctures. The three raised lines between the chain- 
striz are continuous and crested with shining granules, 
asin C. exilis, and the elytra in the male are narrow 
and nearly parallel, as in that species. The thorax 
varies as usual in the degree of dilatation in front, but 
it is always elongated, as in C. procerulus type, and in 
some examples very gradually narrowed (with little cur- 
vature) from near the middle to the anterior angles. 


Carabus gracillimus. 

C. exili affinis et similis, sed differt elytris (mas) haud 
parallelis, ab humeris usque prope apicem gradatim 
dilatatis. Gracillimus, fusco-piceus opacus (individuis 
maturis leviter enescens); thorace relative minori et 
angustiori subcordato-quadrato ; elytris sicut in C. tenwt- 
formi punctato-striatis, stria-catenata conspicuori (tuber- 
culis elongatis validioribus) sed costulis tribus irregu- 
laribus, multo minus elevatis, mediana excepta hic illic 
obsoletis. Long. 20—21 mm. ¢, ?. 


On the summit of Ontake end of July, when snow 
still remained in patches. 

Differs at first sight from both the preceding in the less 
parallel outline of the elytra, especially of the male ; the 
sculpture also differs in the fine raised lines being less 
elevated and sharply defined. 


Carabus Fyisanus. 


C. exili similis, differt tantum statura majori, elytrorum 
costulis triplicibus minime elevatis interdum obsoletis. 
Elongatus, gracilis, elytris sicut in C. exilt postice per- 
parum ampliatis ; fuligineus opacus; thorace elongato 
angusto, antice vix rotundato, versus apicem gradatim 
angustato, postice sinuatim constricto. Long. 22—25 
Mig... BO 

Subashiri, near Fujisan. 


This form comes a little nearer C. exilis than either of 
the two preceding; but the sculpture of the elytra, 
especially in the female, recedes very considerably from 
the Sado species. The triple raised lines are obtuse, 
scarcely elevated (sometimes scarcely distinguishable), 
and the granulations, spread over the whole elytra, do 


228 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


not form such regular rows on the summits of the lines ; 
the depressed interstices or striz have perceptible punc- 
tures. A remarkable feature in the thorax of the female 
is that the flanks are visible, in the middle on both 
sides, when the insect is viewed from above. Asin C. 
exilis, and to a less degree in the allied forms, there is a 
submarginal shining streak extending for a short distance 
from the shoulders of the elytra. 


The four preceding are without doubt no other than so 
many local forms of one species, but it would be difficult 
to frame a description to fit the whole, and if they were 
treated as one there would be no valid reason for not in- 
eluding C. procerulus and its cognate forms with them. 


Carabus porrecticollis. 


Valde elongatus et angustus, supra fere opacus, niger, 
capite thoraceque violaceis ; capite postice (cum collo) 
punctato, oculis valde prominentibus, collo angusto; 
thorace valde elongato, lateribus perparum arcuatis, a 
medio usque ad apicem gradatim et paullo angustato, 
postice adhuc minus et subrecte angustato; angulis 
posticis sat productis (apice obtusis) margine basali 
recto, dorso sat crebre ruguloso-punctulato ; elytris sicut 
in C. procerulo apice perparum sinuatis ; mas elongato- 
oblongis, fom. elongato-ovatis, dorso striis catenatis 
tribus et inter hag lineis tenuissimis elevatis tribus, 
(interspatio suturali duabus tantum) interstitiis depressis 
subcancellato-punctatis, lineis et interstitiis granulatis ; 
ventris segmentis basi arcuatim acute sulcatis. Long. | 
28—30 mm., 3, 2. 


Urasa, and on the north-west coast at Akita and 
Sakata ; a local species. 


Undoubtedly belonging to the procerulus group, but 
distinguished by its long thorax, with scarcely rounded 
or flexuous sides, as well as by its colour and the sculp- 
ture of the elytra. The tubercles of the chain-strie are 
sometimes narrow and linear, almost as in C. procerulus, 
and sometimes much broader. The fine triple elevated 
lines vary in elevation, the middle one of the three respec- 
tively sometimes being alone elevated, and all are crested 
with granulations. The depressed intervals or striz 
have each a row of large impressions mostly extending 
quite across the interval. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 229 


Carabus opaculus, Putzeys. 
Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xviii. (1875), p. 2. 


South Yezo; Sapporo, Bibi, and Junsai Lake; in 
damp forests. 


Belongs also to the procerulus series, but developed in a 
contrary direction from C. exilis and allies, its form 
being relatively short, compact, and rounded. 


Carabus Dehaanii, Chaudoir. 


Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc., 1848., iv., p. 452; C. japoni- 
cus, Thomson, Opusce. Ent., fase. vii., p. 728. 


Confined to the warm area south of the Biwa Lake ; 
abundant and constant in form and colour from Kago- 
shima to Kioto, a distance of 400 miles; and occurs 
also in Tsushima and in the south of Korea. 


Carabus insulicola, Chaudoir. 


Chaudoir, Rev. & Mag. Zool., 1869; C. Kaempferi, 
Thoms. 1.:¢: 


From Biwa Lake to Awomori, an extent of 500 
miles. 


Carabus Yaconinus, Bates. 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 281. 


An offshoot from Dehaanii, existing only in that part 
of Japan where the parent type is abundant (G. Lewis). 


Carabus Albrechti, Morawitz. 


Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb., 1868, p. 821. Syn. 
vide Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 234. 


Spread over all the islands, a space of 1800 miles. 


Mr. Lewis obtained a handsome variety of this species, 
one male at Suyama (base of Fujisan), and one female 
at Sawara, the whole upper surface of which is of a 
golden-coppery colour (the epipleure and prothoracic 
episternum also metallic), and the striz conspicuously 
crenated. The inner edge of the male fore tibie is 
distinctly angulated, as in C. maiyasanus, not obtusely 
prominent, as in the typical C. Albrecht. 


230 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Carabus Maiyasanus, Bates. 


Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 282; Lewis, 
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882 p. 526. 


Limited to a comparatively small area, and then 
occurring only at considerable elevations. The head- 
quarters of it are in the Idzu Province, but Mr. Lewis 
has specimens from Oyayama, near Kumamoto, in 
Kiushiu. 

It is agreed to be a mountain variety of the southern 
form of C. Albrechti. 

Var. Minor et angustior. Long. 20 mm. 


Hakone. 


Carabus Gehinii, Fairmaire (var. C. grandis, Pl. XIIL., 
fig. 3). 
Fairmaire, Petites Nouvelles Entom., vol. u., p. 87 
(1876) ; Waterhouse, Aid to Identif. of Ins., part 16 
(Jan., 1883). 


A male example obtained at Sapporo, Yezo, is figured by 
Waterhouse as above cited; a large female, also obtained 
by Mr. Lewis, differs from the male in its broader thorax, 
and the raised elytral striz being interrupted by punc- 
tures. This he has provisionally named C. grandis. 


Carabus tuberculatus, Fischer and authors. 


Occurs on the mountains in §. Japan, and is common 
in the streets of Sapporo, nearly at sea-level. 

This species, already recorded from Japan, I here 
add simply to complete the enumeration of the species 
now known from Japan of the genus Carabus. They 
are now twenty-one in number. 


Damaster blaptoides, Koll. 


According to Mr. Lewis, in the excellent account he 
has given of the distribution of the species of Damaster 
(in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xvii., 1880, p. 159), D. blaptoides 
is confined to Kiushiu, in Southern Japan. 


Var. Lewisi, Rye. 
On Shimabara, near Nagasaki, and at Hiogo; a half- 
starved form, so to speak, of D. blaptoides (G. Lewis). 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 231 


Damaster pandurus, Bates. 
Yokohama and S. E. Japan. 


Var. cyanostola, Lewis. 


Lewis, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 524; pan- 
durus var., Ent. Mo. Mag., xvii., 1880, p. 60. 


Rather more slender in form than the D. pandurus of 
the vicinity of Yokohama, and with a more distinct blue 
tinge; the thorax of richer blue colour. 


Mountains of Chiuzenji, lat. 86° 30’. 


Damaster Fortunei, Adams. 


Adams, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861, p. 59; Bates, 
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 280; Lewis, Trans. 
Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 524. D. viridipennis, Lewis, 
Ent. Mo. Mag., xvii. (1880), p. 161. 

Awa-Sima, Tabu-Sima (Adams); Akita, Awomori, and 
Ichinohe (Lewis). 

Allied to D. rugipennis more nearly than to D. pan- 
durus, having three dilated joints with brush-soles in the 
male fore tarsi. Mr. Lewis is convinced that his D. 
viridipennis is the same as D. Fortune. 


Damaster rugipennis, Motsch. 


Motsch., Etud. Entom., x., p. 6; D. auricollis, C. 
Waterhouse, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, v., p. 569. 


Yezo, from Hakodate to Cape Soya in the extreme 
north. | 


Damaster capito, Lewis. 
Lewis, Ent. Mo. Mag., xvii. (1881), p. 197. 


Island of Sado; not obtained on the second visit in 
1881. 


Differs from all other described species by its more 
compact form, broader and shorter both in trunk and 
limbs; also by the total absence of mucrones, the 
apex of the elytra being formed very similarly to that 
of Carabus procerulus. 


232 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Calosoma Maximowiczi, Morawitz. 


Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 20; 
C. mikado, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 235. 


Foot of the Komanotake; taken in abundance by 
shaking young oak trees. 


Calosoma Chinense, Kirby. 
Kirby, Linn. Trans., xii., 1818, p. 379. 


Sapporo, Yezo. Two examples obtained by Mr. Aaa 
a native collector. 


Cychrus convexus, Morawitz. 
Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 7. 


Hakodate and Sapporo. ‘Taken feeding on Helix 
pauper (Gould). 


Dyschirius Yezoensis. 


D. polito simillimus, sed differt thorace magis ovato 
postice et antice fere equaliter angustato. Supra eneo- 
nitidus, scapo rufo, pedibus rufo-piceis, femoribus anticis 
submetallicis ; ; elytris minus cylindricis, elongato-sub- 
ovatis, profundius quam in D. polito (sed minus pro- 
fundis quam in D. impunctipenni), striatis, striis (versus 
apicem exceptis) crenato-punctatis, lateraliter et ante 
apicem interdum evanescentibus sed juxta apicem lma 
et 2nda 7ma et 8va semper profunde insculptis. Long. 
4+ mm. 

Yezo ; Hakodate and Sapporo. 


Belongs to the same group as the European D. politus, 
and offers no perceptible difference in the form of head, 
anterior tibie, &c. But the thorax, especially when 
viewed from the front, is seen to be distinctly more ovate 
and less trapezoidal, the greatest width being nearly in 
the middle. The elytra also are conspicuously less cylin- 
drical, being rounded on the sides, more strongly so a little 
behind the shoulders. In its normal state the colour is 
bright brassy, but individuals occur of a dull purpura- 
scent pitchy hue, sometimes reddish at the tips of the 
elytra. 

The species is similar to D. cheloscelis from South 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 233 


Japan, which has, however, a much wider thorax, rufous 
antennex, &e. 

D. stenoderus, Putzeys (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1878) 
from Shanghai, seems to be a nearly-allied species, but 
rather larger, 5 mm. 


Dyschirius glypturus. 

D. Yezoense simillimus, sed multo minor, tibiis anticis 
denticulo inferiori-exteriori distincto, etc. | Obscurius 
gneus, politus, scapo calcaribus tarsisque anticis tes- 
taceo-rufis, pedibus piceo-rufis (femoribus anticis obscu- 
rioribus) palpis nigris ; mandibulis angustis (extus haud 
dilatatis) acutissimis ; thorace ovato nec subtrapezoidali; 
elytris sicut in D. Yezoense elongato-ovatis sed striis 
parum impressis conspicue (versus apicem exceptis) 
punctatis, juxta apicem 7ma et 8va oblique equaliter pro- 
funde insculptis. Long. 3} mm. 


Hakodate, on the sand-hills. 


Similar to D. Yezoensis in outline of thorax and 
elytra, but of darker brassy hue, and distinguishable by 
the acute external denticulation of the anterior tibie at 
the base of the terminal spine, which latter is curved, 
and is equal in length to the spur, both, as well as the 
tarsi, being pale red. The mandibles are narrow. The 
elytra are scuptured at the apex, similarly to those of 
D. Yezoensis, politus, and allies, but the 7th and 8th 
striz are relatively much more deeply and equally im- 
pressed, and run obliquely for a longer distance, and 
are the more distinct as the ninth interval is more tumid 
at the apex, making the latter appear broadly obtuse. 


Broscosoma elegans. (Pl. XIII., fig. 7). 


Valde convexum; politissimum, antennis partibus 
oris pedibusque piceo-fulvis; elytris breviter ovatis 
(humeris nullis) valde punctato-striatis. Long. 8}— 
mm... ¢., 2° 

Niohozan and Nantaizan, at 7000 to 8000 feet eleva- 
ticn. 

This elegant and curious Carabid is distinguished from 
the only others known of the genus (b. Baldense and 
B. Ribbei), by the ovate, almost gibbous, deeply punctate- 
striate elytra. The facies is rather that of Disphericus 


234 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


than of Broscosoma, but it undoubtedly belongs to the 
latter genus. The head is similar in form to that of 
B. Baldense, but it is smooth and polished, with the two 
furrows on each side over the base of the antenne more 
clearly marked, and the mandibles and palpi more elon- 
gated and porrected. The antenne are much thinner, 
and the fine pubescence does not begin before the 4th 
joint. The thorax is globose-ovate and highly polished, 
equally narrowed behind and before; the base forms a 
thickened scabrous ring, separated from the convex disk 
by a groove, the clavate femora contrasting strongly with 
the slender tibia and tarsi. The legs are long and 
slender, and the three dilated joints of the male anterior 
tarsi are slender oblong- eet clothed beneath with 
fine hairs. 


Panageus japonicus, Chaudoir. 
Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc., 1861, ii., p. 856; P. rubripes, 
Moraw. 
Very abundant at Hakone and Miyanoshita in moss 
and rotten stumps of trees, and in similar places as far 
north as Sapporo. 


Panageus robustus, Morawitz. 
Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb., 1863, p. 323. 
Yezo; Junsai, Sapporo, and Shiraoi. 
A var. (niponensis) of much smaller size occurs in the 


plains of Fujisan measuring 93 mm., the Yezo form 
being 11—12 lines long. 


Panageus singularis, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1878, p. 245, forms the type of the new genus Tinoderus, 
Chaudoir, Monographie s. 1. Panagéides, p. 75. 


Peronomerus fumatus, Schaum. 

Schaum., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1853, p.440; P. eratus, 
Chaud., Bull. Mosc., 1861, p. 354; id., Monogr. s. 1. 
Panagéides (1878), p. 82. 

One specimen of this Chinese species was obtained by 
Mr. Lewis at Ogura Lake. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 235 


Peronomerus nigrinus, Bates. 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 245. 


Entirely confined to dry elevated slopes at Nagasaki 
and near Kioto, and distinct from P. fumatus, Lewis. 


Peronomerus auripilis. 


P. fumato proxime affinis sed differt statura majori, 
precipue longiori, thoraceque relative angustiori, antice 
longius rectiusque angustato, medio fortius angulato et 
producto, postice valde sinuato angulis posticis productis 
dentiformibus. Elongato-ovatus, viridescenti-eneus pube 
erecte fulvo-aurato dense vestitus; antennis piceis, 
articulo basali palpis pedibusque fulvo-testaceis. Long. 
92 mm.;- ot 5.2 

Marshes, Ogura Lake; Uyeno and Honjo, in Tokio. 
Rare. 

Rather larger than Canton examples of P. fumatus ; 
nearly the same in colours, sculpture, and clothing, but 
differing in its slightly more elongate form, especially 
that of the thorax, which is much narrower, and is 
more lengthened anteriorly from the very prominent 
lateral angle to the head. 


Chlenius prostenus, Bates. 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 325. 
Margins of the Ogura Lake, near Kioto. 


Previously known only from Kiu-Kiang, on the Yang- 
tsze, China. 


Anisodactylus tricuspidatus, Morawitz. 
Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 66. 


In addition to Hiogo, previously recorded, Subashiri, 
Niigata. 

Ophonus constrictus. 

Harpalo levicolli haud dissimilis ; major, piceo-niger 
nitidus, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceo-rufis ; supra 
toto sparsim subtiliter punctatus, thorace basi densius 
et grossius subconfluenter punctato; capite fere ut in 
Harpalo fuliginoso magno, post oculos tumidulo, foveis 
frontalibus profundis rugosis, extus obliquis sed versus 


236 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


oculum haud lineam impressam emittentibus ; thorace 
late cordato, antice valde rotundato ante basin con- 
stricto, angulis posticis rectis, fovea utrinque basali 
lineari; elytris relative brevibus, sat convexis, apice 
oblique sinuatis, profunde subpunctulato- striatis, inter- 
stitiis paullo convexis 8i0 impunctato; tarsis supra 
pilosis. Long. 10 mm., ¢. 


Oyayama, near Kumamoto. One example only in 
March. 


Not much resembling any Ophonus known to me ; but 
comes nearest O. cordatus, differing, however, in the much 
scantier punctuation. It resembles most Han ‘palus leptopus 
and congruus, but has not the oblique line of the forehead 
connecting the frontal fovea with the orbit, as in those 
species. 

Harpalus vicarius, Harold. 

Harold, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1878, p. 66. 


Von Harold gives this name to the Japanese form of 
H. ruficornis mentioned by Morawitz and myself as 
having obtuse hind angles to the thorax. Among five 
Kast Siberian examples I find nearly all the intermediate 
eradations between vicarius and rufescens, but none with 
hind angles so rectangular as in the European form. 
Some males of vicarius, with smooth disc of thorax, 
again connect the species with H. griseus. 


Harpalus tridens, Morawitz. 
Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 69. 
Hakodate and Niigata; Hagi (Miller). 


Closely allied to H. rugicollis, Motschulsky, and also 
to the European H. calceatus. The extent of punctua- 
tion and pubescence on the sides and apex of the elytra 
varies. In one of Mr. Lewis’ examples the whole elytra, 
with the exception of the sutural interstice, is punc- 
tured. 

Harpalus rugicollis, Motsch. 


Motsch., Etud. Ent., x., p. 5; Harold, Abhandl. Nat. 
Ver. Bremen, iv., 1875, p.285. H. gaponicus, Morawitz, 
Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 69; Bates, Trans. 
Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 261. 


Von Harold identified this species from a type-speci- 
men received from Motschulsky himself, and a small 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 237 


example of H. japonicus, which I sent to Baron Chaudoir, 
was returned by him as “ H. rugicollis, Mots., comparé 
a un type.’ Notwithstanding, therefore, the insufti- 
ciency of Motschulsky’s description, there is no longer 
room for doubting that the species formerly determined 
by me as japonicus is the same as rugicollis. 


Harpalus congruus, Motschulsky. 


Motschulsky, Bull. Mose., 1866, i., p. 164. 


H. levicollis, Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, 
p- 71 (nec Dufts.); Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1873, p. 261. 

Tachycellus falsus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1876, p-.3. 

T. congruus, Harold, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1877, 
p. 838. 


Appears to be generally distributed throughout Japan. 
Von Harold had reason in doubting that the species 
belonged to T'achycellus: on examining the penultimate 
joint of the labial palpi I find that it is multisetose, like 
all the true Harpaline, and not bisetose, as in the 
Stenolophine, to which Tachycellus belongs. It remains 
to be decided whether the fine oblique impressed line on 
each side of the forehead, extending from the frontal 
fovea to the eye, is a character of sufficient importance 
to separate the species generically from Harpalus. Many 
of the smaller species of Ophonus present traces of the 
same character, and in Harpalus levicollis, which 
H. congruus so closely resembles, it appears to be present 
in some examples and absent in others. 


Harpalus leptopus. 


H. congruo proxime affinis sed major, antennis pedi- 
busque longioribus. Elongato-oblongo-ovatus, piceus, 
enescens vel cuprascens, politus, antennis partibus oris 
pedibusque testaceo-rufis; thorace quadrato-cordato, 
antice rotundato postice longe sinuatim angustato, 
angulis posticis acutis, margine basali medio recto, versus 
angulum utrinque retrorsum obliquo, supra punctulato- 
rugosis disco levi, fovea elongata modice impressa ; 
elytris apice oblique sinuatis, acute striatis, interstitiis 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—paRT III. (AUG.) T 


238 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


modice convexis 8io unipunctato, corpore subtus levi. 
Long. 93—10 mm., 3, 2. 


Nikko, borders of the snow; Nakano toge, Koyebori. 


The head,-as in H. congrwus, is smooth, with a fine 
oblique impressed line from the frontal fovea on each 
side to the eye. The thorax is relatively longer and 
moderately narrowed and sinuated behind, and the hind 
angles strongly acute. 


Harpalus discrepans, Morawitz. 
Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kiferfauna Ins. Jesso, p. 70. _ 
Niigata, Hakodate, Bukenji, and Yokohama. 


Variat ; pedibus fulvo-testaceis tibiis plus minusve in- 
fuscatis. 


Motschulsky (Bull. Mosc., 1863, iv., p. 214) says this 
species 1s his H. (Pheuginus) corporosus. This must 
either be a mistake or Motschulsky has given a false 
description of his H. corporosus, for he says of the 
elytra, ‘‘ subtiliter crenato- vel cancellato-punctatis,” 
which does not apply to H. discrepans, but suits very 
well the following species found in the same localities :-— 


Harpalus corporosus, Motschulsky. 


Motschulsky, Etud. Ent., x., 1861, p.38; H. zabroides, 
Dejean, var.; Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, 
j Oe pl 

Sapporo, Shiraoi, Awomori. 

A large robust species, varying in size from 11 mm. to 
15mm. Morawitz, who had only one example before 
him (taken at Hakodate), mentions the crenated strie as 
the only character distinguishing it from the European 
H. zabroides. He might have added the punctured base 
of the thorax, which is constant in all the numerous 
examples I have seen. 


Harpalus chlorizans. 

H. zabroidi et H. corporoso aftinis sed differt thorace 
postice rotundato-angustato, angulis posticis apice ro- 
tundatis. Oblongus, crassus, niger, thorace basi mar- 
gineque elytrisque olivaceo-eneis, palpis apice tantum 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 239 


rufis, antennis pedibusque (tarsis inclusis) nigro-piceis ; 
thorace valde transverso, lateribus fere regulariter et 
leviter arcuatis, basi et margine laterali crebre ruguloso- _ 
punctulatis; elytris (mas) valde convexis apice oblique 
sinuatis, crenato-striatis interstitiis planis. Long. 
123 mm., 3. 


Yokohama ; one example. 


This is apparently only a local or colour-variety of a 
species not uncommon in Hastern China and Korea, 
which is generally of a deep black colour.* 


Harpalus fuliginosus, Dutts. 


Dufts., Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, 
p: VE. 


Near the snow on Niohozan. 


Morawitz’s specimens were from the Komanotake. 
Mr. Lewis’ specimens agree very well with the European 
form ; von Harold appears to have been wrong in refer- 
ring the species determined by Morawitz to H. flavi- 
tarsis. 

Harpalus flavitarsis, Dejean. 


Dejean, Sp. Gen., iv., 378; Harold, Deutsche Ent. 
Zeitschr., 1878, p. 66. 


Tokio (Hilgendorf ). 


An example from Junsai (var. niponensis) agrees with 
the description, except in its much larger size, 43 lin., 
the European H. flavitarsis being 2—8 lin. 


; Harpalus varvipes. 

H. anxio et Frolichit similis. Differt corpore angus- 
tiori, thoracisque lateribus fere regulariter arcuatis. 
Subanguste oblongo-ovatus, piceo-niger, elytris eneo- 
tinctis, antennis palpis tibiis et tarsis melleo-fulvis, tibiis 
4 posticis apice infuscatis. Capite parvo, levi, foveis 
frontalibus punctiformibus ; thorace elytris haud angus- 
tiori, lateribus arcuatis antice paullo citius quam postice 


* It is apparently undescribed :—Harpalus crates: H. chlori- 
zanti quoad formam et sculpturam simillimus ; oblongus, crassus, 
sat convexus, niger nitidus, interdum leviter eneo tinctus ; thorace 
valde transverso lateribus fere regulariter et leviter arcuatis, basi 
subconfluenter grosse punctato; elytris profunde crenato-striatis. 
Long. 12—13 mm. Korea; Kiu-Kiang; Hong-Kong. 


240 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


angustato, angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, fovea 
utrinque basali oblonga parce punctata, marginibus 
lateralibus rufescentibus ; elytris apice parum oblique 
sinuatis, acute subpunctulatim striatis, interstitiis sub- 
planis, tertio impunctato. Long. 73 mm., 3, 2. 

Yokohama, on the beach; common in March at Hon- 
moku. 


It is with great hesitation I venture to describe this 
species as new; it approaches so closely several of the 
smaller Kuropean species, with all of which I have been 
able to compare it, except with H. flavicornis. The form 
of the thorax, however, seems to be different from that 
of all the species alluded to, the sides being arcuated, 
without trace of straightening towards the hind angles, 
and the curvature being notably strong from the middle 
to the anterior angles. 


IRIDESSUS, 0. g. 

Gen. Harpalo quoad formam simillimus sed subfam. 
Stenolophine pertinet, palpis labialibus articulo penul- 
timo bisetoso. Caput leve, foveis frontalibus vagis, vix 
impressis, linea subtile utrinque inter foveam et oculum 
interrupta. Mentum sinu acute dentato. Thorax rela- 
tive magnus, quadratus, elytris haud angustior. Mas, 
tarsi anteriores quatuor sicut in Harpalis dilatati, 
articulo quarto cordato nullomodo bilobato. 


Iridessus lucidus. 
Harpalus luweidus, Morawitz, Beitr. z. Kiferfauna Ins. 
Jesso, p. 72. 
Widely distributed, but not abundant. Hakone-Lake 
to Sapporo. 
Iridessus relucens. 


Harpalus relucens, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1873, p. 264. 3 


The impressed oblique frontal line is entire in this 
species. 
Stenolophus connotatus, Bates. 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 327. 


Hitherto known only from China. Mr. Lewis met 
with it abundantly at Nugata and Awomori. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 241 


Stenolophus propinquus, Morawitz. 
Morawitz, I. c., p. 80. 


Throughout Japan. Common from Yokohama to 
Hakodate. 


Stenolophus agonoides. 


S. vespertino, proximo, ete., affinissimus, set differt 
corpore (precipue elytris) longiori, thoraceque postice 
gradatim sed valde angustato, angulis posticis distinctis 
sed obtusis ; piceo-niger, antennarum articulis 2 basali- 
bus, palpis, margine laterali thoracis pedibusque testaceo- 
rufis, labro marginibus mandibulisque basi rufis ; thorace 
basi utrinque fovea lata sparsim grosse punctata, angulis 
distincte reflexo-marginatis; elytris chalybeato-iride- 
scentibus, margine posteriori rufo, acute striatis, inter- 
stitiis versus apicem angustioribus et convexioribus. 
Long. 6} mm. 


Niigata. 

Acupalpus marginatus, Lucas. 
Lucas, Explor. Alger. Ins., p. 75. 
Hakodate and Otaru, in South Yezo. 


Two examples, closely resembling others from Algiers 
and Kuropean Turkey, with which I have compared 
them. Piochard de la Brulerie considered A. marginatus 
to be only a variety of the common European species, 
A. dorsalis, F. 


Bradytus macros. 


B. ampliato major precipue longior; magnus, gen. 
Curtonoto simillimus, oblongus, piceo-fuscus vel niger 
vix eneo-tinctus, antennis, palpis, thoracis margine 
laterali pedibusque plus minusve piceo-rufis; capite 
thoraceque coriaceis, hoc confluenter punctulato (disco 
leviori) quam in B. ampliato longiori, prope basin 
modice angustato, lateribus medio valde rotundatis, 
basin versus rectis, angulis posticis subacutis, margine 
basali utrinque late sinuato, fovea basali utrinque lata 
haud profunda, carinula parum elevata ; elytris crenato- 
striatis; tibiis anticis extus apice late angulato-pro- 
ductis, margine pluri-spinoso, subserrato. Mas, tibiis 
posticis intus pilis mollibus perpaucis vestitis. Long. 
dis nar ede, c+ 


All the islands ; under stones in river- beds, 


242 - Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Facies of the genus Curtonotus, but differs in the 
simple structure of the intermediate tibie of the male. 
The soft hairs on the hind tibie of the same sex are only 
three or four in number, and scarcely visible among the 
spines, but this character suffices to bring the species 
within the definition of the genus Bradytus, where it 
seems less out of place than in Letocnemis. 


Amara Zimmermann, Putzeys. 
Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xviii., p. 7. 
Nagasaki; Kioto. 


Amara striatella, Putzeys. 
Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xvii., p. 8. 
Nagasaki ; Kioto. 


Specimens (male) of A. chalcites, Zim., and A. Zim- 
mermanni, Putz., received by Mr. Lewis from Putzeys 
himself and agreeing with his descriptions, seem to me 
only varieties of one and the same species, all grada- 
tions being found in the extensive series collected by 
Mr. Lewis. 

A. striatella, doubtfully separated by Putzeys himself, 
is clearly only a slight variation, common enough in this 
genus, in which the striz are less deeply impressed. 


Amara obscuripes, Bates. 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 294. 


Nagasaki, on the mountains ; rare. Ashinoyu; abun- 
dant. 


Morio Japonicus. 


M. orientali, Dej., proxime affinis, vel ejus varietas 
seographica ; differt solum elytrorum interstitiis prope 
suturam subconvexis. Long. 17 mm. 

Kiushiu ; under fir-bark at Konose and Yuyama. 


In its somewhat greater size this species approaches 
nearest the form of M. orientalis found in the Andaman 
Islands. WM. orientalis is an apparently common species 
throughout the whole Indo-Malayan region, and varies 
considerably in different localities, 1 have seen no 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 243 


variety in which the interstices are nearly equally con- 
vex throughout the elytra, near the suture as well as on 
the sides, as they are in M. Japonicus. 


Trigonognatha cuprescens, Motschulsky. 
Motschulsky, Etud. Ent., 1857, p. 26. 


Nikko, Kashiwagi, and Sado. Motschulsky’s speci- 
men was from Simoda. 


Chaudoir erroneously referred this genus to Triplo- 
genius. It is widely distinct from the subgroup to which 
Triplogenius belongs, and in fact is much nearer Myas, 
the North-American species of which it much resembles.* 
The mentum is deeply emarginated, with a broad trun- 
cated tooth ; the labial palpi have the penultimate joint 
bisetose. Mr. Lewis’ specimen does not very well agree 
with Motschulsky’s description, though Lagree with him 
in thinking it very likely belongs to the same species. 
It is scarcely depressed, and the elytral striew are dis- 
tinctly punctulated, not ‘‘ impunctatis.”’ 


Trigonognatha awrescens. 


Minor, nigra, collo, thorace elytrisque splendide eneis, 
subauratis, marginibus iridescentibus, palpis apice rufis ; 
thorace quadrato, antice leviter rotundato, postice gra- 
datim, modice, sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis rectis, 
margine incrassato, laterali postice crenato, basi de- 
presso foveaque utrinque magna profunda extus (ante 
angulum) carina margini parallela delimitata; elytris 
convexis profunde striatis, striis punctulatis. Long. 
ROI. Sis, Pe 


Niohozan, under stones, October; and one example 
from Chiuzenji. 


* The North-American species, Myas coracinus, Say, and 
foveatus, Lec., are much nearer, in the form of the thorax, tooth 
of the mentum, and in their submoniliform antenne, to Trigon- 
ognatha than to Myas. The following is a magnificent species of 
the same genus from China, not yet described :—Trigonognatha 
princeps. Maxima, oblonga, lata, nigra, thorace margine purpureo, 
elytris igneo-cupreis, marginibus viridi-auratis ; thorace transverso, 
subcordato-quadrato, postice modice sinuato-angustato; angulis 
rectis, fovea basali utrinque angusta, profunda, extus carina obtusa 
marginata; elytris subtilissime rugulosis nec politis, stris fundo 
punctulatis, interstitiis valde convexis; ante apicem abrupte et valde 
emarginatis (mas); corpore subtus impunctato. Long. 33 mm. 
Prov. Quang-tung, China. 


244 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Allotriopus hoplites. 

Oblongus, gracilis, castaneo-fuscus, partibus oris pedi- 
busque castaneo-rufis; capite fere sicut in Hypherpe, 
angusto, sed oculis paullo magis prominentibus ; thorace 
elongato mox pone apicem dilatato, deinde usque ad 
basin angustato, angulis posticis obtusis sed apice denti- 
formibus, foveis basalibus linearibus utrinque duabus, 
profundis, levibus ; elytris punctulato-striatis, interstitiis 
convexis tertio postice unipunctato, humeris exstantibus 
dentatis; sternis ventrisque basi utrinque valde punc- 
tatis. 

&. Femora postica subtus medio obtuse dentata 
basi sinuata, trochanteribus elongatis; tibiz intus ser- 
rate. Long. 8—10 mm. 


Chiuzenji and Oyayama, and other places of similar 
elevation, in rotten trees or under old timber. 


Belongs to the genus Allotriopus, of which only one 
species has yet been described, from Mexico. It differs 
from the Mexican species in the hind tibie being straight, 
not bowed, and in the femora being dilated and toothed 
beneath in the male. Allotriopus agrees with Pterostichus 
in its short metathoracic episterna. 


Hypherpes colonus. 


H. castanipedi affinis, sed magis linearis. Elongatus, 
angustus, nigro-piceus, antennis palpis et pedibus rufo- 
castaneis ; capite angusto, post oculos paullulum promi- 
nentes gradatim angustato; thorace elytris angustiori 
elongato-ovato, sat convexo, prope basin angustato ibique 
lateribus rectis, angulis posticis subacutis, fovea basali 
utrinque oblonga, profunda punctata; elytris punctato- 
striatis, interstitiis sat convexis, striola scutellari obsoleta 
ibique puncto ocellato; sternis utrinque grosse punctatis, 
episterno metathoracico curto sed angusto; femoribus 
validis. Long 12mm., 3. 


Oyayama ; one example from an old beech in April. 


Belongs to Hypherpes by the absence of punctures 
from the 3rd elytral interstice. It is also not unlike in 
facies the narrower and more convex species of the 
genus, e. g., H. castanipes, differing in the relatively 
longer and more convex thorax. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 245 


Pterostichus macrogenys. 


Elongatus, parallelopipedus, parum convexus, niger, 
palpis pedibusque castaneo-rufis, capite magno, genis 
tumidis post oculos maxime prolongatis, oculis parvis ; 
mandibulis valde elongatis; thorace cordato-quadrato, 
angulis anticis productis et acutissimis, postice longe 
sinuatim sed parum angustato, angulis posticis acutis, 
fovea utrinque basali magna et profunda, subleevi, 
margine basali medio profunde sinuato versus angu- 
lum rotundato; elytris apice vix sinuatis humeris 
haud productis, punctulato-striatis, interstitiis parum 
convexis tertio bi- vel tri-punctato ; corpore subtus levi. 

3. Segmentum ultimum ventrale fovea magna et 
profundo medio longitudinaliter vix elevata, margine 
apicale reflexo medio indentato. Long. 23 mm., 3, 2. 


Niohozan; one male and one female under a stone in 
the deep forest, June, 1880. 


Pterostichus pachinus. 


Hlongatus, modice convexus, niger palpis pedibusque 
castaneo-rufis; capite suberasso, ovato, genis parum 
tumidis, post oculos (sat convexos) paullo elongatis ; 
thorace cordato, prope basin valde angustato et sinuato, 
angulis posticis rectis subacutis, anticis vix productis, 
fovea basali utrinque angusta, lineari; elytris apice 
oblique sinuatis, exarato-punctulato-striatis, interstitio 
tertio quadripunctato. 

$. Segmentum ultimum ventrale apice latum haud 
profunde foveatum, fovea medio paullo elevata, margine 
apicale haud reflexo. Long. 20 mm. 


Junsai. 


Allied to P. sphodriformii, Bates; but broader and 
more robust in all its parts, and further distinguished by 
the different form of the apical ventral segment in the 
male. 


Pterostichus asymmetricus. 


P. truncato (Dej.) subsimilis, sed magis robustus et 
genis post oculos elongatis et tumidis. Elongatus, niger, 
palpis et tarsis castaneo-rufis; capite subtriangulare, 
post oculos (parum conyexos) tumido et dilatato, juxta 
collum subito constricto; thorace cordato, paullo post 


246 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


medium valde sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis acutis, 
anticis haud productis, fovea utrinque basali lineari, sat 
profunda vage punctata; elytris elongato-ovatis, apice 
distincte sinuatis, sat profunde striatis, interstitio tertio 
3—5 punctato. Long. 16 mm. 

3. Segmentum ultimum ventrale haud symmetricum; 
transverse profunde excavatum, margine apicale elevato 
inequaliter bisimuato, medio processo subbifido armato. 

?. Segmentum ultimum ventrale latissimum. 


Under stones on the margins of Junsai and Chiuzenji 
Lakes. 


Pterostichus spiculifer. 

P. impressicolli (Chaud.) similis. Oblongus subgracilis, 
parum convexus, niger, elytris iridescentibus, antennis 
palpis pedibusque rufo-piceis; capite quam in P. impres- 
sicolli post oculos magis tumido, juxta collum subito 
angustato; thorace cordato-quadrato, antice valde ro- 
tundato postice sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis rectis, 
fere acutis, elevatis, fovea utrinque lineaque dorsali pro- 
fundissimis; elytris apice parum sinuatis, profunde 
striatis, interstitio tertio 4 punctato. 

3g. Segmentum ultimum ventrale fovea lata pro- 
fundissima irregulari margineque apicali medio spina 
longa armato. Long. 138 mm., g, 2. 

Nikko. 


Resembles closely P. impressicollis, Chaud., of North- 
ern Italy ; but, besides the difference in the armature of 
the apical ventral segment of the male, it is distinguished 
by the long tumour behind the eyes, which is not nar- 
rowed, except at the neck, and there somewhat abruptly; 
also by the smaller interstitial punctures of the elytra, 
and more or less dull pitchy-red colour of legs, palpi, 
and antenne. 


Pterostichus mirificus. 


P. truncato similis, paullo gracilior et magis convexus ; 
niger nitidus, palpis et tarsis rufis, antennis piceo-rufis ; 
capite fere sicut in P. truncato, genis post oculos convexos 
vix tumidis; thorace gracilius cordate, post medium 
magis angustato; angulis posticis rectis, paullulum ex- 
stantibus, fovea basali lineari, profunda, levi; elytris 
convexis profunde striatis, interstitiis convexis, tertio 
4-punctato.. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 247 


3. Segmentum ultimum ventrale transverse profunde 
excavatum, margine apicali medio late sinuatum angulis 
valde lobatis, lobis cornua recurva simulantibus. Long. 
15'mm., 3; ¢. 


Awomori. 


The apical ventral segment of the male is quite as 
extraordinary in form as in P. asymmetricus, but 1s 
symmetrical. Instead of a central subbifid lobe, the 
apical margin is broadly sinuated in the middle, with 
each of the external angles produced into a horn-lke 
process, which curve upwards towards the tips of the 
elytra, and are visible from above. 


Pterostichus (Omaseus ?) polygenus. 

Parvus, nigro-piceus, antennis palpis pedibusque 
castaneo-rufis ; oculis prominentibus; thorace sub- 
cordato-quadrato, paullo ante medium sat rotundato 
postice paullo magis quam antice (et subrecte) angustato, 
aneulis anticis parum productis, posticis dentiformiter 
prominentibus, margine laterali sat acute reflexo, intus 
sulculo angusto a disco separato, basi utrinque striis 
duabus profundis grossissime punctatis et carinula levi 
prope angulum ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, margine basali 
sat recto ad humerum denticulato, apice conjunctim sat 
acute prolongatis, profunde punctato-striatis striola 
scutellari brevissima (interdum obsoleta), interstitio 
tertio bipunctato; sternis utrinque (mesosternique pe- 
dunculo) grosse punctatis; metathoracis episternis ut in 
Omaseis sat brevibus postice angustatis; tarsis 4 posticis 
lateraliter tenuiter sulcatis; prosterni processu apice 
indistincte marginato. Long. 8 mm., 3, @. 

Nikko. 

Closely allied to P. (Omaceus) thorectes, differing only 
in the thorax being much shorter, less regularly arcuated 
on the sides, and with a much narrower groove between 
the reflexed lateral margins and the disk. The two species 
form a distinct group closely allied to P. (Lagarus) 
nimbatus and Solskyt. 


Pterostichus Thunbergi, Morawitz. 


Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb., v., 1863, p. 328 ; 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 289. 


Yezo, 


248 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


The metathoracic episterna are rather longer and 
narrower than they are in the restricted genus Ptero- 
stichus or in Steropus. They are nearly of the same shape 
as in Omaseus, but the general form and facies of the 
species do not agree with that group. 


Pterostichus sejunctus. 


P. Thunbergisimillimus, differt tantum thoracis angulis 
posticis acutis productis, margine ante angulum breviter 
sinuato; sternis ventrisque basi utrinque plus minusve 
punctatis. Long. 15 mm., 3, @. 


Yezo. 


Distinguishable from P. Thunbergi only by the pro- 
minent and acute posterior angles of the thorax; but 
specimens of P. Thunbergi occur in which the angles 
have a slight projection. The punctuation of the sides 
of the sternum and basal segments of the abdomen is 
also not quite constant; though generally smooth in P. 
Thunbergi, examples occur in which they present nu- 
merous punctures. 


Pterostichus (Omaseus ?) defossus. 


Platysme oblongopunctate prima facie similis, sed 
differt thoracis angulis rotundatis metathoracisque epi- 
sternis parum elongatis, &ec. Niger supra plus minusve 
olivaceo-gnescens, antennis palpis pedibusque piceis; 
oculis sat prominentibus, fronte punctulata; thorace 
paullo ante medium valde rotundato, postice subrecte 
angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis, foveis basalibus 
utrinque duabus profundis et grosse punctatis, interiori 
longiori et profundiori; elytris oblongo-ovatis, margine 
basali utrinque valde arcuato, apice oblique modice 
sinuatis, sat profunde striatis (stria 7ma apice excepta 
obsoleta) striola scutellari modice elongata, interstitiis 
convexis, tertio 2—3 punctato; tarsis 4 posticis gracili- 
bus, bisulcatis; sternis lateraliter modice punctatis, 
metathoracis episternis fere sicut in Omaseo modice 
elongatis. 

é. Segmentum ultimum ventrale simplex. Long. 
8i—10 mm., 3, 2. 


Nikko. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 249 


Pterostichus (Omaseus) prolongatus; P. (Lyperus) id., 
Morawitz. 
Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. v., 1862, p. 251. 


P. (Steropus) tropidurus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1873, p. 288. 


Omaseus Japonicus, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent., 1860, 
p: 67 
The typical form of this species has perfectly flat 
elytral interstices, and the elytra are elongate-oblong. 


Kast Siberia; Shanghai; Yezo. 
Var. Elytrius profundius striatis, interstitiis convexis. 


Pterostichus (Lyperus) fuligineus, Morawitz, Bull. Acad. 
St. Petersb., v., 1862, p. 325; id., Beitr. z. Kaferfauna 
Ins. Jesso, p. 52. 


Yezo, and the main island. 


A series of this variety taken by Mr. Lewis exhibits 
various degrees of convexity of the elytral interstices. 
Examples from Fujisan form the extremes in this 
respect, and have the prima facie aspect of a distinct 
species; the elytra are relatively shorter and dilated 
posteriorly ; but this modification is seen in Yezo speci- 
mens of O. prolongatus. 

The metathoracic episterna are too narrow and 
elongated for Steropus, although the facies of the 
insect is that of the species of Steropus allied to S. 
orientalis. I hesitate to adopt Motschulsky’s prior name 
japonicus, as the size he gives (44 lines) and the insuffi- 
cient diagnosis make the identity of the species doubtful. 


Pterostichus (Omaseus) leptis. 


O. nigro affinis, sed gracilior thorace precipue an- 
gustiori prope basin fortius sinuato-angustato, angulis 
posticis rectis subacutis. Niger, palpis castaneo-rufis, 
antennis tarsisque piceis; capite punctulato, oculis pro- 
minentibus; thorace basi utrinque crebre ruguloso- 
punctato, profunde foveato, bistriato, carinulaque obtusa 
juxta angulum ; elytris profunde subpunctulato-striatis. 
Bone. 20 mm. ¢., 2% 


Sapporo, Hakodate, Niigata, and Fujita. 


250 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


The prosternal process is margined at the apex, but 
sometimes very faintly. It is distinctly mee in 
many other species of the group, e. g., O. forts, 
Eschscholtzi, &c. 


Pterostichus (Omaseus) ambigenus. 


O. ntgrite haud dissimilis sed thorace fere ut in 
Platysma vitrea postice magis quam antice angustato, 
lateribus valde arcuatis, angulis posticis breviter pro- 
minentibus acutis. Niger leviter ewneo-tinctus; capite 
mox pone oculos prominentes angustato, foveis frontali- 
bus tenuibus vix impressis; thoracis fovea _basali 
utrinque lata et profunda, punctata, bistriata, carinulaque 
levi juxta angulum; elytris apice sat valde sinuatis, 
punctulato-striatis, interstitiis modice convexis, tertio 
punctis 3 vel 4. 

$. Segmentum ultimum ventrale modice concavum, 
antice tuberculum triangulari incumbente, depressum, 
apice tantum libro. Long. 11mm., 3. 


Shimidzu-togé. One example in August. 


Platysma oblongopunctata, Fab. 
Fab. Syst. El., i., 1838. 


Nikko. ‘Two examples, not differing from specimens 
from Eastern Europe. 


Lagarus nimbatus, Morawitz. 
Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersh. 1862, p. 285. 


Argutor ? microcephalus, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent., ix., 
1860, p. 6? 

Lagarus microcephalus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1873, p. 285. 


Generally distributed throughout Japan. 


Chaudoir (Bull. Mosc., 1878, p. 60) has given valid 
reasons for rejecting the name of A. microcephalus for 
this species. There is not much in the specific description 
above cited to forbid the supposition that it refers to the 
species; but in a subsequent paper, in which Mogan ig 
proposed and defined a genus for the reception of his A 
microcephalus, genus Rhagadus, Bull. Mosc., 1865, iv., 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 251 


p-. 261, characters are adduced which are quite inappli- 
cable to the species. They are possibly only blunders, 
and the species may be the same; but it is safer to reject 
the name altogether. 


Lagarus nimbatidius ; Feronia (2) nimbatidia, Chaudoir. 
Chaudoir, Bull. Mosce., 1878, p. 63. 
Japan. 


Said to be very near L. nimbatus, differing in the more 
rounded sides and hind angles of the thorax. In L. 
nimbatus the hind angles are always distinct, and some- 
times projecting; but they vary, and I doubt whether 
L. nimbatidius is more than one of the varieties. 


Lagarus sulcitarsis, Morawitz. 
Morawitz, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb., v., p. 250. 
Hakodate; also at Fukui, in the main island. 


Lagarus dulcis. 


L. sulcitarsi proxime affinis et similis; major et latiori, 
niger subopalescens, politus, antennis palpis et pedibus 
piceis; capite ovato, post oculos sat prominentes recte an- 
gustato ; thorace relative magno convexo, quadrato lateri- 
bus fere regulariter arcuatis (antice magis quam postice 
aneustato) angulis anticis vix productis, posticis omnino 
rotundatis, margine laterali tenui usque ad medium basin 
continuato, supra basi utrinque fere plano, punctulato, 
linea elongata recta (a margine distante) impressa; 
elytris elongato-oblongis punctulato-striatis, interstitiis 
planis, tertio tripunctato; tarsis 4 posticis bisulcatis. 

3g. Segmentum ultimum ventrale simplex. Long. 
TO rn Fg", 


Ogura Lake, in reed-refuse. 


Pecilus encopoleus, Solsky. 


Solsky, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., ix., 4, p. 806; Harold, 
Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1877, p. 339. 


Pecilus planicollis, Motsch., Etud. Ent., 1860, p. 5 (?); 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 284. 


Generally distributed throughout Japan. 


All the examples of Pecilus of the cupreus group taken 
by Mr. Lewis have three basal joints of the antenne red. 


252 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


As Motschulsky gives two joints only as red in planicollis, 
Harold rightly rejects his name for the species, to which 
his description in other respects apples. 


Pecilus fortipes, Chaudoir. 

Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc., 1850, iii., p. 181; id. ibid., 
1868, i., p. 222; id., Abeille, 1869, p. 234; Putzeys, 
Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xvii., 1875, p.7. Pacilus lepidus, 
Fab. var., Moraw., Beitr. z. Kaferfauna Ins. Jesso, 
p. 45. 


Mr. Lewis has brought home a large series of this 
species, which I find agree with Hast Siberian examples 
in the structural differences which separate the species 
from the European P. lepidus, It is a much larger and 
more robust insect, and in all its varieties distinguishable 
by the sides of the thorax falling obliquely on the base, 
thus forming an obtuse angle, instead of being sinuated 
as in P. lepidus. 


Pecilus prolixus, Putzeys. 

Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xvili., 1875, p. 10. 
Pecilus Koyi, id. olim (nec Germar.). 

Yezo. 

Differs from P. fortipes apparently only in the sides of 
the thorax being regularly arcuated. I have Hast 
Siberian varieties of P. fortipes which answer to this 

‘description, but have failed to detect any in Mr. Lewis’s 
series from Yezo. 
Stonvis prognathus. 

Piceo-niger elytris opalescentibus, palpis fulvis, an- 
tennis pedibusque plus minusve rufo-piceis ; mandibulis 
et palpis quam in S. pumicato multo magis elongatis, 
labro profunde et late emarginato, capite post oculos 
transversim depresso; thorace cordato, ante medium 
valde rotundato, post medium sinuato-angustato angulis 
posticis rectis, basi utrinque grosse punctato profunde 
unistriato; elytris subelongato-ovatis, juxta basin cite 
angustatis, angulo humerali dentiformi, punctulato- 
striatis ; sternis ventrisque basi grosse punctatis. Long. 
10 winds) des 

Hakone and Chiuzenji, in shady Cryptomeria forests. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 253 


Agrees with Stomis pumicatus in all essential points of 
structure, but very much larger and of different facies, 
owing to its more ovate form, and especially to its thorax 
being dilated and rounded more in front, and strongly 
sinuated and narrowed behind. The mandibles are 
greatly elongated in both sexes, the palpi long and 
linear, and the antenne relatively much longer than in 
S. pumicatus. 


EUCALATHUS, N. g. 


Gen. Calatho affinis; corpus elongatum, gracile, tho- 
race elytris multo angustiori, elongato-quadrato. Mentum 
dente acute bifido. Palpi graciles, articulis terminalibus 
apice attenuatis. Antenne elongate gracillime, articulo 
tertio quarto vix longiori. Prosternum apice haud mar- 
ginatum, apice verticaliter acute carinato. Metasterni 
episterna brevia. Elytra apice haud perspicue sinuata, 
sat profunde striata, interstitio tertio bipunctato. Tarsi 
4 posteriores subtus longe et dense pilosi, supra glabri, 
articulis 1 et 2 utrinque unisulcatis; ungues (prope 
apicem excepto) acute denticulate ; mas articulis 1—3 
elongato-triangularibus. : 


The facies of the two species known of this genus are 
quite different from the Calathi, even from such aberrant 
forms as C. Solieri and C. Deyrollei. From the true 
Calathi they also differ in the densely hairy soles of the 
four hind tarsi and the unmargined apex of the pro- 
sternum, characters which are presented by Pristosia 
picea, but associated with features foreign to Hucalathus, 
such as the short triangular form of the dilated tarsi, the 
obsolete tarsal grooves and the impunctate 3rd elytral 
interstice. I think it likely that the Hast Siberian 
Calathus nitidulus (Mor.) belongs to Hucalathus. 


Eucalathus eneolus. 


Pristonychus eneolus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
18738, p. 272. 

Hiogo; Nikko, Miyanoshita; Fukushima; Wada togé. 

A handsome species, resembling in form the slenderer 
species of Pristonychus, but of olive-green colour, some- 
times rich golden olive, and highly polished. It varies 
in size from 12 to 16mm. A specimen from Nikko has 
the thorax much narrowed and sinuated near the base. 

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART III. (AUG.) U 


254 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Eucalathus colpodoides. 


E. e@neolo multo minor et gracilior. Aineo-niger, 
antennis, palpis, tarsis (interdum tibiis) et trochanteribus 
fulvo-rufis, elytris viridi- vel cupreo-auratis fere sicut in 
Calatho metallico ; capite ovato, post oculos haud tumido, 
collo supra transversim depresso; thorace quadrato 
antice perparum rotundato, postice modice et recte 
angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis, basi medio late 
sinuato, margine laterali vix perspicue incrassato, valde 
reflexo, fovea utrinque basali magno et profundo; elytris 
basi angustis, margine basali valde arcuato, humero 
haud producto, punctulato-striatis, striola scutellari sat 
elongata. Long. 11—12 mm., 3g, ?. 


Nikko, Nantaizan and Niohozan. 


At first sight resembles the metallic species of Colpodes ; 
but the colour is of different lustre from that seen in any 
species of Colpodes, and nearest resembles that of the 
European Calathus metallicus. 


Crepidactyla melantho. 

C. nitida minor et gracilior; nigra, antennis pal- 
pis tibiis et tarsis fulvo-rufis vel piceo-rufis; thorace 
relative parvo, quadrato postice paullo magis quam 
antice angustato, lateribus modice arcuatis, margine 
reflexo, angulis obtusis rotundatis, medio basi sinuato, 
fovea utrinque basali lata et profunda; elytris elongato- 
ovatis, prope basin angustatis, humeris obliquatis, pro- 
funde striatis, interstitiis convexis tertio bi- vel tripunc- 
tato; tarsi 4 posterioribus utrinque bisulcatis. Palpi 
labiales mas et foem. securiformes ; apice oblique truncati 
(¢) angulo exteriore acutissimo; maxillares subcylin- 
drici, truncati. Long. 12 mm., g, ?. 

Sapporo. 

The male labial palpi differ from those of Pristodactyla 
cyclodera in having their outer apical angle pro- 
longed and acute. If Pristodactyla be limited to those 
species in which the terminal joints of the palpi are 
cylindrical (though truncated), P. cyclodera must be 
removed to Crepidactyla, which genus again is scarcely 
to be distinguished from Taphria, the only structural 
difference being the more developed grooves of the 
posterior tarsi, 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 255 


TREPHIONUS, 0. g. 


Gen. Calatho affine; sed differt unguibus simplicibus, 
&e. Corpus fere sicut in Anchomeno, gracile. Caput 
angustum; oculi haud prominentes; palpi sicut in 
Calathis subgraciles, fere cylindrici apice breviter trun- 
cati; mentum dente mediano apice emarginato. Thorax 
oblongo-cordatus, postice modice angustatus, lateribus 
ante angulos basales brevissime sinuatis, angulis ipsis 
(cum margine basali) rotundatis. Elytra apice integra, 
interstitio tertio impunctato. Prosternum apice haud 
marginatum. Metathoracis episterna sat brevia postice 
parum angustata. Tarsi supra glabri subtus sparsim 
setosi, 4 posteriores articulis 1—4 utrinque sulcati et 
supra subtiliter alutacei medioque excavati; maris an- 
teriores articulis 3 breviter triangularibus. Ungues 
simplices. 

A genus having a superficial resemblance to the 
Anchomeni, but with a form of thorax closely resembling 
that of the Calathi and Pristodactyle, especially of the 
species in which it is narrowed behind, with the hind 
angles broadly rounded, and forming a curve with the 
basal margin. The sinuation of the sides just before the 
posterior angle is unlike anything I have seen in Calathus, 
and most nearly approaches the form presented by cer- 
tain species of Pristonychus, to which genus T'rephionus 
approximates also in the form of the head and the 
impunctate 3rd elytral interstice. 


Trephionus Nikkoensis. 

Gracilis, castaneo-fuscus nitidus, antennis partibus 
oris pedibusque castaneo- vel piceo-rufis; capite angusto, 
levi, foveis frontalibus parum impressis; thorace oblongo- 
subcordato, postice modice angustato, lateribus ante 
angulum posticum sinuatis, puncto setifero longe ante 
angulum basalem sito, angulis late (cum margine basali) 
rotundatis, fovea utrinque basali sat profunda levi; 
elytris oblongo-ovatis sat profunde striatis, stria scutellari 
modice elongata, interstitiis omnibus impunctatis. Long. 
Sammie. gs, 2 


Nikko; Nantaizan. Damp forests in shady places. 


256 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Anchomenus (Limodromus) subovatus, Putzeys. 
Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xviii. (1875), p. 6. 
North Nipon (Putz.). Chiuzenji (Lewis). 


Anchomenus (Platynus) xestus. 


A. scrobiculato affinis. Depressus, niger politissimus, 
elytris opalescentibus ; antennis palpis, pedibus (femori- 
bus nigris exceptis) fulvo-piceis; capite post oculos 
minus prominentes elongato-tumido (fere sicut in P. 
complanato) gradatim usque ad collum angustato, collo 
supra depresso; thorace fere ut in A. scrobiculato 
quadrato-cordato, postice sat sinuato-angustato, angulis 
posticis rectis, fovea basali magna profunda levi; elytris 
ovatis margine laterali sat explanato-reflexo, apice per- 
parum sinuatis, striatis, striis haud perspicue punctulatis, 
interstitiis paullo convexis, tertio 3-punctato; meta- 
thoracis episternis quam in A. scrobiculato paullo longi- 
oribus ; tarsis posterioribus valde sulcatis. Long. 10 mm. 


Nikko. 


Anchomenus calleides. 


A. cyaneo (Dej.) proxime affinis; major et robustior, 
elytrisque ad suturam magis prolongatis margineque 
fortius sinuato. Cyaneus vel olivaceo-viridis; thorace 
relative parvo, quadrato, subcordato, postice (longe ultra 
medium) sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis rectis, supra 
transversim rugoso, basi omnino scabroso-punctato ; 
elytris oblongo-quadratis, apice ad suturam paullo de- 
pressis, prolongatis extus sinuatis, dorso exarato-striatis 
striis punctulatis ; tarsorum articulo quarto sat profunde 
emarginato. Long. 11 mm., 3, ?. 


Morioka and Midzusawa. Under stones in the Kita- 
kamigawa. 


Extremely near the South European A. cyaneus, but 
rather larger and more robust, the thorax a little more 
sinuate and narrowed at the base, and the elytra pro- 
longed at the sutural apex with more distinct ante-apical 
sinuation. The 1st ventral segment has a few punctures 
on each side. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 257 


Anchomenus leucopus, Bates. 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 279. 


Niigata, Awomori, and Shimonosuwa are additional 
localities for this elegant species,* which belongs to the 
same group as A. cyaneus, calleides, &e. The prosternum 
and metasternum are rather strongly punctured. 


Anchomenus (Agonum) sculptipes. 


A. mesto proxime affinis et similis, sed major precipue 
magis elongatus ; toto niger, palpis apice rufis; capite 
ovato oculis parum prominentibus ; thorace sicut in A. 
mesto sed longiori, subcirculari, postice perparum angus- 
tato, margine laterali postice et basali (utrinque) elevato; 
elytris elongato-oblongo-ovatis, apice distincte sinuatis, 
striatis, striis parum conspicue punctulatis, interstitiis 
subconvexis, tertiotripunctato; tarsis posterioribus opacis 
late sulcatis, supra medio angustissime unicarinatis. 
Long. 8—104 mm., 3, 2. 


Junsai Lake, Hakodate; rare. 


The side grooves of the four posterior tarsi are re- 
markably broad, and opaque with minute sculpture, 
leaving a narrow and sharp dorsal carina alone polished. 
A similar form is found in Hastern Siberia, apparently 
undescribed, in which the thorax is shorter (a little 
longer only than in A. mestus), and the tarsal carine 
less narrow. 


Anchomenus (Agonum) suavissimus. 

A. gracili (Gyll.) proxime affinis ; duplo major; gra- 
cilis, niger politissimus, elytris subopalescentibus ; capite 
ovato ; thorace ovato, quam longitudine vix latiori, lateri- 
bus equaliter arcuatis, angulis anticis sat valde productis, 
posticis omnino rotundatis, fovea utrinque basali lata, 
levi, medio lineola impressa; elytris elongato-oblongo- 
ovatis, apice sat sinuatis, plica basali antrorsum ob- 
liquata, dorso subtiliter sed acute punctulato-striatis, 
interstitiis planissimis, tertii punctis 2 et 3 in medio 
interstitio sitis; tarsis tenuibus, 4 posticis nitidis utrinque 
late sulcatis. Long. 9mm., 3, 2. 

Ogura Lake, Honjo, Tokio. Among reeds in marshes. 


* It occurs in marshes, under dead reeds. 


258 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Anchomenus (Agonum) Ogure. 


A. eneotincte quam maxime affinis et similis, sed differt 
elytrorum striis haud perspicue punctatis, antennis 
(scapo articulisque 2—8 basi flavis exceptis) nigro- 
fuscis, &e. Supra fusco-zneus, corpore subtus (pectore 
lateribus fuscescentibus exceptis) antennis basi, thoracis 
elytrorumque marginibus, et pedibus flavo-testaceis ; 
thorace transverso; elytris valde subtransversim sinu- 
atis, disco utrinque areis duabus depressis. Long. 
7—74 mm., 3, 2. 


Ogura Lake. 


Anchomenus (Agonum) charillus. 


A. dolenti (Sahlb.) similis, sed differt thorace longiori, 
postice angustato, angulis subrotundatis, pedibusque 
letius rufescentibus. Subgracilis, supra eneus, subtus 
nigro-eneus, trochanteribus femoribus tibiisque testaceo- 
rufis, tarsis, antennis basi, palpis basi et apice, piceis ; 
thorace quadrato-cordato ante medium leviter rotundato 
postice sat angustato, angulis posticis obtusissimis, mar- 
gine basali prope angulos antrorsum arcuatim obliquato; 
elytris relative latis, postice paullo ampliatis, subtiliter 
striatis, striis haud perspicue punctulatis, interstitiis 
fere planis tertio 4—5 punctato. Antenne articulo tertio 
dimidio apicali sat dense pubescenti. Long. 64 mm. 


Summit of Iwaki-san, under stones by a rivulet; and 
one specimen on Ontake. 


Colpodes Bentonis. 


Quoad formam Platynis typicis similis, metathoracis 
episternis brevibus elytrorumque marginibus explanatis 
acutis, sed tarsis anticis bilobatis, &c. Hlongatus, de- 
pressus, castaneo-fuscus vel niger, elytris viridi-auratis 
politis, antennis, partibus oris, elytrorum et thoracis 
marginibus explanatis pedibusque (femoribus interdum 
castaneo-fuscis) fulvo-rufis; capite post oculos modice 
prominulos elongato, gradatim angustato, collo supra 
transversim depresso; thorace cordato, angulis posticis 
productis acutis, antice lato cum angulis anticis late 
rotundato, prope basin valde sinuato; margine laterali 
explanato-reflexo; elytris ovatis, humeris late rotundatis, 
apice profunde sinuatis, margine laterali explanato- 
reflexo, punctulato-striatis, interstitiis vix convexis tertio 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 259 


tripunctato. Tarsis anticis articulo quarto bilobato, lobis 
angustis, sat longis; intermediis bilobato, lobo exteriori 
longiori; posticis emarginato. Long. 10—12mm., ¢, ?. 


Nikko; Awomori, under forest-trees. 


Colpodes mutator. 


C. Bentonis affinissimus, differt solum ; 1, colore nigro 
elytris vix neo-tinctis vel iridescentibus; 2, thorace 
antice paullo minus late rotundato margineque explanato- 
reflexis angustiori et angustius rufescenti; 3, elytris 
prope apicem paullo minus profunde sinuatis; 4, tarsis 
anticis minus longe bilobatis. Long.11—12mm., ¢, ?. 


Fukushima. 


The slight differences above pointed out between this 
and the preceding are constant in the tolerably numerous 
series of both which I have examined. The form of the 
thorax varies a little; but it is always less broadly 
dilated anteriorly, and the dilatation is more in front, 
so that the posterior narrowing is longer and more 
gradual, the posterior angles being in both species 
almost equally projecting and acute. The colour is 
uniformly pitchy-black, shining, with a very narrow dull 
tawny edging to the thorax and elytra. Tho epipleure 
and femora are always dark like the under side of the 
body; the elytra are slightly tinged with bronze-green 
or are iridescent. 


Colpodes integratus. 


C. Bentoni et mutatori proxime affinis sed differt elytris 
apice vix perspicue sinuatis. Hlongatus sat depressus, 
castaneo-fuscus, elytris aurato- vel viridi-eneis, antennis, 
palpis, elytrorum margine pedibusque (femoribus ob- 
scurioribus) piceo-rufis; thorace fere ut in C. bentonis 
cordato, prope basin valde angustato, sed angulis pos- 
ticis minus productis, fere rectis, margineque haud per- 
spicue vel vage rufescenti; elytris regulariter ovatis, 
versus basin angustatis. Long. 12 mm. 

Miyanoshita. 

The tarsal grooves, which are deep and well marked, 
especially on the middle tarsi in C. Bentonis, and rather 
less so in C. mutator, are in the present species scarcely 
visible. 


260 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Colpodes astictus. 

Gracilis, elytris ovatis convexis ; niger nitidus, palpis 
antennis tarsisque piceo-fulvis; oculis parvis modice 
convexis, capite convexo, postice prolongato, collo supra 
transversim depresso ; thorace angusto, subovato, postice 
multo magis quam antice et recte angustato, angulis fere 
rectis (apice acutis), margine laterali anguste reflexo, 
lateribus et basi ruguloso-punctatis; elytris ovalibus, 
mox a basi angusto rotundato-ampliatis, apice oblique 
sinuatis, profunde striatis striis punctulatis, interstitiis 
modice convexis impunctatis. Mandibule maxille et 
palpi maxillares valde elongata; metathoracis episterna 
brevia ; tarsi postici sat profunde et perspicue bisulcati, 
articulo quarto omnibus modice emarginato. Long. 
11—12 mm., g, °. 

Oyayama; Yuyama, in Higo ; Kashiwagi, in Yamato. 

Polymorphous as Colpodes is known to be, I place this 
species in the genus with great reluctance, the 4th tarsal 
joint being scarcely more emarginate than in many 
Anchomeni; it would, however, be still more out of 
place in any section of Anchomenus. In the long and 
projecting mandibles and impunctate elytral interstices 
it agrees with the species of Colpodes formerly included 
in the genus Plewrosoma, Guérin, but has little general 
resemblance to them. It has also some affinity to 
Cyrtolaus, Bates. 


Colpodes amphinomus. 
Agonis majoribus haud dissimilis ; piceo-niger, nitidus, © 
antennis, palpis, thoracis margine laterali pedibusque 
castaneo-rufis ; capite post oculos convexos gradatim 
angustato, collo subconstricto ; thorace subovato, postice 
multo magis quam antice angustato, angulis posticis 
rotundatis, anticis haud productis, margine laterali sat 
late explanato-reflexo, intra marginem et in fovea magna 
basali plus minusve punctato; elytris ovatis, humeris 
rotundatis, apice sinuatis, adsuturam obtusis, punctulato- 
striatis, mterstitiis modice convexis, tertio tripunctato, 
puncto tertio prope apicem. Metathoracis episterna 
subelongata et angustata. ‘Tarsi posteriores extus tan- 
tum sulculati ; articulo quarto minime emarginato, ante- 
riorum sat emarginato, lobis inequalibus. Long. 83— 
LOmm.s. 2. 
Kashiwagi and Oyayama. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 261 


Colpodes limodromoides. 


Anchomeno (Limodromo) similis; valde elongatus, 
parallelogrammicus, piceo-niger nitidus, antennis palpis, 
thoracis margine laterali pedibusque castaneo-rufis, cor- 
pore subtus plus minusve castaneo; capite mox pone 
oculos valde prominentes angustato ; thorace levi, quad- 
rato, paullo ante medium modice dilatato, deinde postice 
leviter sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis obtusis sed 
distinctis, margine laterali sat late explanato-reflexo ; 
elytris prope apicem oblique sinuatis, apud suturam pro- 
ductis breviter truncatis, angulo suturali breviter dentato, 
dorso punctulato-striatis, interstitiis subconvexis. Meta- 
thoracis episterna elongata et angustata. Pedes elon- 
gati robusti; tarsi posteriores utrinque sulcati, articulo 
4to omnibus emarginato. Long. 15 mm. 


All the large islands, and in Sado. Has the habits 
of Anchomenus livens, and is rare. 


As C. amphinomus and numerous similar species look 
like Agona, with tarsi modified in the sense of Colpodes, 
so this species may be looked upon as a Limodromus or 
a Batenus, Motsch., with similar modification. If this 
be truly the case, Colpodes is an artificial genus, com- 
posed of species of different generic groups, all having 
the tarsi more or less adapted for climbing up stems of 
plants or on foliage. 


Colpodes elainus. 


Elongatus, subdepressus, piceo-niger nitidus, elytris 
olivaceo-zneis, antennis, palpis thoracis margine laterali 
tibiis et tarsis castaneo-rufis ; capite mox pone oculos 
valde prominentes recte angustato, collo subconstricto, 
palporum articulo terminali fusiformi (apice attenuato) ; 
thorace subcordato, antice usque ultra medium sat late 
rotundato, postice sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis 
parum obtusis, anticis valde rotundatis, margine laterali 
explanato-reflexo anguste castaneo-rufo, dorso trans- 
versim strigoso, foveis latis basalibus punctatis ; elytris 
valde elongatis fere parallelis, apice oblique subsinuatis 
apud suturam subproductis rotundatis, punctulato- 
striatis interstitiis planis, tertio tripunctato. Metathoracis 
episterna angusta sed modice elongata. ‘Tarsi postici 
extus sulcati; articulo quarto anteriorum quatuor sat 


262 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


profunde bilobato, posticorum profunde emarginato. 
Long. 13 mm. 
‘Kashiwagi. 
Colpodes chloreis. 


Elongatus, postice leviter ampliatus ; capite et thorace 
relative parvis, niger politis, elytris obscurius subcyaneo- 
eneis vel eneis, antennis palpis tibiis et tarsis castaneo- 
rufis, femoribus corporeque subtus piceis; palporum 
articulo terminali fusiformi; capite post oculos modice 
prominentes recte angustato, collo constricto ; thorace 
subcordato, antice perparum rotundato, postice modice 
angustato leviter sinuato, angulis posticis obtusis, mar-' 
gine laterali anguste explanato-reflexo subrufescenti, 
foveis levibus; elytris apice haud perspicue sinuatis, 
striis subtilissime punctulatis, interstitiis fere planis 
tertio tripunctato. Metathoracis episterna elongata et 
angustata. Tarsi posteriores utrinque sulcati, articulo 
quarto anteriorum profunde, posteriorum modice, emar- 
ginato. Long. 10 mm. 


Hakone ; Nikko. 


Colpodes sylphis, Bates. 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 277. 


Previously recorded from Hiogo only. Mr. Lewis has 
since found it abundantly at Miyanoshita, Oyama, Chiu- 
zenji. Itis similar in general form to C. chloreis, but 
differs by its brighter metallic colouring, more broadly 
margined thorax, with projecting hind angles, &c. 


Colpodes Hakonus, Harold. 
Harold, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1878, p. 213. 
Hakone (Dénitz) ; Miyanoshita (Lewis). 


Many specimens taken by Mr. Lewis differ from 
Harold’s description, and from examples taken at Miya- 
noshita, in the hind angles of the thorax being obtuse or 
rounded, without any trace of ‘‘die ausserste spitze 
jedoch ziemlich scharf.” I can detect no other diffe- 
rence: they are from Nikko, Iwaki San, Chiuzenji, Yu- 
yama, and also from Miyanoshita, where the type- 
form occurs. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 268 


Colpodes speculator, Harold. 
Harold, J. c., p. 214. 
Hakone (Dénitz) ; Chiuzenji (Lewis). 


Colpodes aurelius. 


C. modestiort proxime affinis, differt solum thorace 
angustiori late cordato elytrisque aurato-eneis ; testaceo- 
rufus, capite et thorace supra et infra nigro-castaneis, 
hujus lateribus rufis; capite sicut in C. modestiore rela- 
tive parvo, post oculos parum elongato ; thorace breviter 
cordato-quadrato postice sinuato-angustato, angulis ob- 
tusis sed distinctis, lateribus minus late explanatis, valde 
reflexis ; elytris profunde striatis striis punctatis. Long. 
7 mm. 


Miyanoshita and Oyama. 


A large series, quite constant in the slight characters 
which distinguish it from C. modestior. The colour of 
the elytra is more golden brassy than in C. lampros, and 
has less of green tinge. 

C. modestior is found also abundantly at Miyanoshita, 
and thence in various localities to Hiogo. 


Colpodes rubriolus. 


C. ruficipiti (auct.) similis. Lete pallido-rufus, elytris 
(cum epipleuris) viridi cyaneis margine basali et scutello 
rufis, femoribus apice nigris; thorace quadrato, paullo 
ante medium modice dilatato, antice magis quam pos- 
tice angustato, angulis posticis obtusis sed distinctis ; 
elytris ovatis, apice oblique biflexuoso-truncatis, angulo 
suturali spinoso, dorso punctulato-striato, disco post 
medium depresso, interstitiis planis ; tarsorum articulo 
4to anguste bilobato, posticorum lobis brevioribus parum 
inequalibus. Long. 7} mm. 


Near Kami-ichi ; one example beaten off a large Celtis. 
In Ceylon an allied species occurs commonly in garden- 
refuse. 


The C. ruficeps was originally described in the ‘‘ Annu- 
losa javanica” by Macleay; the name was afterwards 
applied by Eschscholtz to a Manilla species, and later 
on by Chaudoir to a species found in Bengal, Southern 


264 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


India, and Ceylon. I think it very probable that all 
three are perfectly distinct species. Macleay’s descrip- 
tion is so short and vague that it would apply to all, and 
neither Eschscholtz nor Chaudoir seems to have examined 
an example from Java. A good series of a species from 
Java, which I obtained from Dr. Mohnike’s collection, 
show a form of apical truncature quite different from 
that described by the other authors, the margin near the 
suture being straight for a short space, and armed at 
each angle (on each elytron) with a short tooth or spine, 
making the apex briefly quadrispinose. This may be 
the true C. ruficeps. Eschscholtz’s species seems to 
have a slight sinuation, causing the suture to be simply 
acute. Chaudoir’s differs in having the epipleure of 
the elytra red. 


Euplynes Batesi, Harold. 
Harold, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1877, p. 341. 
Mohezi. 


Mr. Lewis obtained this interesting insect in the 
Yokohama district, at Bukenji and Miyanoshita, and 
also at Junsai, in flowers and on foliage. Harold is 
undoubtedly right in referring it to the genus Huplynes, 
Schmidt-Goebel, which Chaudoir so strangely misunder- . 
stood, treating Huplynes viridipennis as a species of 
Colpodes allied to C. ruficeps. It is distinguished from 
Colpodes by the 4th tarsal joint being strongly bilobed in 
all the feet. 

Perigona acupalpoides. 

Acupalpo meridiano haud dissimilis. Subdepressa, 
castaneo-nigra, abdomine, partibus oris, antennis, pedi- 
bus, macula quadrata humerali suturaque, rufis ; capite 
post oculos prominentes haud tumido; thorace trans- 
verso, quadrato, antice parum rotundato, postice modice 
angustato, angulis posticis obtusis, limbo interdum 
castaneo-rufo; elytris striatis, interstitiis convexis. Long. 
4mm. 

All the islands; under bark of various trees, beech, 
oak, and fir. 


The red sutural border is limited to the 1st interstice, 
and does not reach the scutellum; the shoulder-spot 
extends from the 8rd stria to the margin, and is not 
longer than broad. 

Apparently allied to the Bornean P. nigricollis, Motsch. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 265 


Perigona discipennis. 


Depressa, testaceo-rufa, capite (epistomate partibusque 
oris exceptis) maculaque oblonga posteriori elytrorum, 
nigris, interstitiis 1 et 2 margineque laterali et apicali 
rufis ; thorace transverso, quadrato, antice modice rotun- 
dato, postice angustato, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris 
striatis, interstitiis convexis. Long. 3} mm. 

Nagasaki, Konose, and Yuyama, under bark of fir. 


The black or blackish discoidal streak of the elytra 
commences at about one-third the distance from the 
base in a nearly straight frontal edge, and extends to the 
apex and sides, not, however, including the extreme 
apical or lateral margins; inwards it reaches the 2nd 
stria from the suture. The general form is oblong, 
rather narrow, and straight-sided ; the thorax flat. 


Perigona sinuata. 


Angustior, oblonga, minus depressa. Testaceo-rufa, 
capite supra et elytris fusco-nigris, his marginibus et 
linea suturali prope basin et apicem angusta sed post- 
medium dilatata et interstitia 1—8 tegenti, rufis ; thorace 
minus transverso, quadrato, postice longius et plus 
minusve sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis fere rectis, 
dorso convexiusculo, basi depresso ; elytris substriatis, 
interstitiis prope suturam conyexis. Long. 3—3} mm. 


Miyanoshita; Oyama. Under bark. 


Perigona tachyordes. 


Magis ovata et convexa; fusca, capite thoraceque 
nigris vel castaneis, elytris testaceo-flavis macula com- 
muni anteriori (a basi et lateribus distanti) fasciaque sub- 
apicali fuscis; antennis partibus oris pedibusque tes- 
taceis ; thorace valde transverso, postice sat angustato, 
angulis posticis obtusis sed distinctis, dorso parum 
convexo ; elytris prope suturam substriatis et interstitiis 
convexis sed versus latera levissimis. Long. 3} mm. 


Nagasaki, Kobé, and Kashiwagi. 


Similar in colour and markings to P. Beccarti, Putz., 
from Borneo. 


266 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Pogonus Japonicus, Putzeys. 
Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1875, xviii., p. 8. 
S. Nipon ; one example. 
Not met with by Mr. Lewis. 


Putzeys records a P. flavipes, Motsch., from Japan im- 
mediately after the above ; the species is no doubt the 
well-known Patrobus flavipes, and not a Pogonus, as the 
author’s mode of entering it on the list would lead one 
to infer. 


Trechus discus, F. 
Tokio ; Niigata ; Hakodate. 


Three examples not distinguishable from European 
specimens. ‘T'wo of them are rather larger, viz., 24— 
33 lin. The size given by Schaum in the Ins. Deutschl. 
is 24 lin. 

Trechus oreas. 


T. rubenti proxime affinis sed differt capite multo 
angustiori, mandibulis valde elongatis, oculis parvis, etc. 
Gracile ovatus sat convexus, castaneo-rufus glaber, palpis 
antennis pedibusque pallidioribus ; capite angusto, elon- 
gato, post oculos parvos gradatim angustato; thorace 
quam in 7’. rubenti longiori, subcordato ante basin pro- 
funde sinuato, angulis posticis acutis exstantibus ; elytris 
elongato-ovatis, humeris nullo modo angulatis, striis 
omnibus sat profundis 3—4 et 6—7 apice abbreviatis, in- 
terstitiis convexis. Long. 53 mm. 


Iwaki-san. Under stones by a streamlet near the 
summit. 

At first sight appears closely allied to T. rubens, but in 
outline more nearly resembling T. procerus or T. navari- 
cus; head and eyes similar in shape to those of the 
latter, but mandibles still more elongated, 


Trechus punctatostriatus, Putzeys. 
Putzeys, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. 1877, p. 85. 
Japan (Hiller). 

Mr. Lewis does not appear to have met with this 


species, which differs from 7’. ephippiatus in the striz 
being all entire. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 267 


Trechus vicarius. 


T. suturali (Putz.) simillimus, differt oculis minus 
prominentibus tubereque oculari post oculum longiori et 
minus abrupte angustato. Breviter ovatus, elytris quam 
in 7’. suturali paullo brevius et latius rotundatis ; cas- 
taneo-fuscus, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceo- ‘rufis, 
elytris sutura et margine anguste rufis ; thorace sicut in 
T. suturala transverso, late- cordato, angulis posticis fere 
rectis sed margine ante angulos nullo modo sinuatis ; 
elytris, striis 4—5 distincte impressis et punctulatis 
ceteris obsoletis, interstitio tertio punctis magnis tribus 
(prima in stria quarta). Long. 34 mm. 


Ontake. 


Closely resembles 7’. sutwralis, Putz., from the Pyre- 
nees. In colour the two are the same, except that in 
T.. vicarius the external margins, as well as the suture, 
are reddish. There are, however, minute but decided 
structural differences, the chief of which is the longer 
tumid orbit of the eye, together with the much less 
convex eye itself. The elytral striz are also fainter, 
and some of them more abbreviated towards the apex. 


Tachyta nana, Gyllenhal. 

Gyllenhal, Ins. Suec., ii, p. 30; Schaum, Ins. 
Deutschl. I., i., p. 747. 

In all the islands ; commonest under beech-bark, but 
found sometimes under fir. 

A generally-distributed insect throughout the north- 
temperate zone; in America it extends into the tropics 
as far as Guatemala. 


Tachys scydmenvoides, Nietner. 
Nietner, Ann. Nat. Hist., xii., 1858, p. 427. 


Examples taken by Mr. Lewis at Hakodate do not 
differ from Chinese specimens from Kiu-Kiang and Foo- 
chow, which agree with Mr. Nietner’s description of the 
species from Ceylon. 


268 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Tachys reflexicollis. 


Breviter ovatus elytris valde convexis; testaceo-rufus 
palpis et pedibus flavo-testaceis, antennis (articulis 1—3 
flavis exceptis) infuscatis; elytris paullo ante apicem 
macula transversa indistincta fusca; sulcis frontalibus 
elongatis, postice usque oculi marginem posteriorem 
extensis; thorace relative angusto, quadrato-cordato, 
postice sinuato-angustato ibique margine explanato- 
reflexo, angulis elevatis acutis; elytris apice subacumi- 
nato-rotundatis, striis utrinque profundis et punctatis 3, 
quaram 2nda et 8ia apice valde abbreviatis, striis 4ta et 
5ta perspicuis sed subobsoletis. Long. 23—3 mm. 


Near Nagasaki; shaken from bamboo refuse. 


The reflexed postero-lateral margins of the thorax and 
raised acute hind angles distinguish this species. The 
elytra are as convex as in 7’. globulus, but not so steeply 
declivous at the apex. In general form the species 
resembles 7’. apicalis from Natal. 


Tachys euglyptus. 


Ovatus, convexus, «neus, antennis et femoribus 
piceis, his basi tibiis tarsisque flavo-testaceis ; fronte 
utrinque striis impressis duabus brevibus; thorace late 
quadrato, antice sat rotundato postice paullo angustato 
sinuatoque, angulis posticis acutis supra carinatis ; 
elytris striis omnibus valde impressis et punctatis 2—7 
antice paullo, postice longius, abbreviatis, macula parva 
rufa ante apicem. Long. 23 mm. 


Tokio. 
Cillenum Yokohame. 


C. laterali simile sed magis depressum, antennisque 
manifeste longioribus articulis singulis cylindricis. Supra 
olivaceo-zneum, elytris alutaceis subopacis; pedibus 
testaceo-rufis; antennis nigris, articulis 3-basalibus 
rufis, palpis rufis, maxillaribus articulis 2 apicalibus 
nigro-fuscis ; thorace sicut in C. laterale sed angulis 
posticis obtusis nullo modo exstantibus; elytris prope 
basin plaga utrinque indistincta fulva, interstitiis planis. 
Long. 43 mm. 

Kawasaki, near Yokohama ; one example. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 269 


Lymneum quadriimpressum, Motschulsky. 


P Motschulsky, Schrenck’s Reisen, ii., 2, p. 90, pl. vi., 
aS. 

Bay of Avatcha; Kamchatka; Kuriles (Motsch.) ; 
Hakodate, under stones on the beach (Lewis). 


Although closely allied to L. nigropiceum, this species 
is very distinct in the outline of its thorax (of which the 
sides are more gradually narrowed in an incurved line 
behind), and in its more oval elytra, brassy colour, black 
antenne (except the basal joint), &e. 


Bembidium (Notaphus) Batesi, Putzeys. 
Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1875. 


Bembidium niloticum, Dej., Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. 
Lond., 1873, p. 301. 

I have again compared a Japanese specimen with a 
large number from Egypt and Mesopotamia, and find 
the slight differences between them indicated by M. 
Putzeys are not constant. It appears unnecessary, 
therefore, to separate the Japanese form. B. opulentum, 
Nietn., from Ceylon, appears to be the same species. An 
allied form, widely distributed in Australia (B. Jack- 
soniense, Guér. ?), has a decidedly broader thorax, and 
other differences. 


Bembidium (Notaphus) variwm, Oliv. 
Oliv. ; Schaum, Ins. Deutschl., i., 1, p. 684. 
Hakodate ; six specimens. 


Although much smaller than European examples— 
13 lin., the length given by Schaum being 2—2} lin.— 
there seems no valid ground for separating the Japanese 
form. According to von Heyden’s ‘ Catalog. der Coleopt. 
von Sibirien,’ B. varium occurs throughout Siberia to 
Baikal and Kamchatka. 


Bembidium (Leja) articulatum, Panzer. 
Shichinohé. 
Two examples, much resembling British specimens. 
TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1883.—PaRT III. (AUG.) Bs 


270 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Bembidium (Leja) Sturmu, Panzer. 
Panzer ; Schaum, Ins. Deutschl., i., 1, p. 729. 
Hakodate; three specimens. 


Bembidiwm (Leja) xanthocera. 


B. Sturmii simillimum ; sed differt antennis testaceo- 
flavis. 


South Yezo. 


Bembidium (Lopha) pediscum. 


B. 4-maculato proxime affine et simile; differt solum 
pedibus pallide testaceis femoribus apice leviter infus- 
catis, antennisque obscure piceis articulis basalibus vix 
rufioribus ; viridi-eneum, elytris (ut in B. 4-maculato) 
utrinque flavo bimaculatis sed macula posteriori minore 
rotundata interdum obsoleta, striato punctatis striis 
exterioribus postice valde abbreviatis; thorace (ut in 
B. 4-maculato) angulis posticis exstantibus. Long. 8— 
33 mm. 

Hakodate and Sapporo; in dry pastures. 


I have compared this species with examples of B. 
4-maculatum from Europe, East Siberia, and North 
America, and find it differs constantly in its darker (and 
somewhat shorter) antenne and paler legs, with slightly 
fuscous knees. ; 

Bembidium tetraporum. 


B. prasino, Dufts., affine; sat depressum, olivaceo- 
eneum elytris fusco-testaceis marginibus eneis utrinque 
foveis duabus latis prima apud medium; antennis 
articulo primo rufo pedibus testaceo-rufis ; sulcis fronta- 
libus latis profundis flexuosis;. thorace transversim 
quadrato ante basin sinuato modice angustato angulis 
posticis rectis, fovea basi rugulosa bistriata juxta angu- 
lum plica modice elevata; elytrorum striis integris 1—2, 
3—4 et 6—7 apice conjunctis ibique 5ta profundius in- 
sculpta et curvata. Long. 42 mm. 


Awakisan ; Junsai; Sapporo. 


Bembidium aureofuscum. 


B. prasino, Dufts., affine. Angustior, parallelo- 
morphum, supra fusco-aureum, versus latera viridescens ; 
scapo rufo macula supra viridi-znea, pedibus piceo-rufis ; 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 271 


foveis frontalibus latis ; thorace quadrato-cordato sinuato- 
angustato, angulis posticis rectis subacutis, margine 
basali utrinque obliquo, fovea basali bistriata, plicaque 
angusta elongata prope angulum; elytris sat profunde 
punctato-striatis, striis omnibus equaliter impressis, 
interstitio 3i0 bifoveato. Long. 44 mm. 


Nagasaki, Kumamoto, and Miyanoshita. 


The elytral striz are equally impressed throughout, a 
character which distinguishes the species from B. Hio- 
goense, prasinum, and others, to which it is otherwise 
allied. The two setiferous punctures of the elytra are 
surrounded by large impressed fovee, almost as con- 
spicuous as in B. tetraporwm, but the anterior puncture 
is situated considerably before the middle, and not, as in 
B. tetraporum, in the middle, of the elytra. 


Bemlidium pliculatum. 


B. aureofuscoaffine sed paullo minus parallelomorphum, 
thoracisque plica juxta angulos parva vix perspicua. 
Oblongo-ovatum subconvexum, zneo-nigrum, antennarum 
scapo interdum subtus rufescenti; thorace subquadrato, 
post medium modice sinuato-angustato, angulis rectis, 
fovea basali utrinque profunda plicaque parva parum 
elevata ; elytris passim profunde punctato-striatis, inter- 
stitio 3io0 bipunctato, haud foveato. Long. 4—44 mm. 


Sapporo; Iwakisan ; Sendai. 


The striz are all strongly impressed, as in B. awreo- 
fuscum, to which the species is nearest allied; but they 
are more strongly and sharply punctured, and the two 
punctures of the 3rd interstice are not impressed in 
foveze or particularly conspicuous. The colour is dark 
greenish brassy, antenne, palpi, and legs being also very 
dark, except the scape, which in some specimens is 
slightly reddish underneath. The stria and fold near 
the hind angle of the thorax are very short and faint, 
but distinct under the lens. 


Bembidium (Peryphus) lucillum. 


B. tibiali, Dufts., affine, sed minor et magis oblongum, 
tibiis nigris, ete. Oblongum sat depressum, cyaneo- 
nigrum supra subopalescens, antennarum scapo obscure 
rufo; thorace cordato-quadrato parum transverso, pos- 


272 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


tice sinuato-angustato angulis acutis, fovea basali utrin- 
que profunda plicaque sat elongata juxta angulum ; 
elytris passim acute striatis, striis subpunctulatis, punc- 
tis utrinque majoribus duobus sat conspicuis. Long. 
4 mm. 

Hakone. 


In the subopalescent surface gloss and dark blue 
colour similar to B. lisonotum, Bates, but differs from 
that species in having a thoracic fold or carina near the 
hind angle. 

The species agrees in many respects with B. atro- 
ceruleum, Steph., but it is more parallel-sided, and 
differs in the elytral strie being impressed throughout ; 
the opalescent gloss is less visible in some examples 
than in others. 


Bembidium (Peryphus) amaurum. 

B. ceruleo, Dej., simile, sed thoracis angulis posticis 
exstantibus, acutis, elytris grossius punctato-striatis. 
Oblongo-ovatum, sat convexum, nigro-ceruleum, antennis 
pedibusque piceo-rufis, palpis pallide rufis; thorace 
rotundato-cordato postice sat profunde sinuato-angus- 
tato, angulis exstantibus, basi sparsim rugoso-punctato, 
fovea utrinque profundo plicaque acuta prope angulum ; 
elytris punctato-striatis, stria 7ma paullo minus (sed 
usque ad apicem) impressa. Long. 55—6 mm. 

Hakodate. 

Bembidium Nikkoense. 


B. Normanno, Dej., proxime affine; paullo major, 
latius ovatum, pedibus rufis, etc., nigrum viridi-zeneo 
tinctum, antennis articulis 1—2 et 3 basi pedibusque 
testaceo-rufis, palpis rufis, articulo penultimo fusco; 
sulcis frontalibus simplicibus, parallelis; thorace fere 
sicut in 6. Normanno anguste cordato, basi grosse punc- 
tato, fovea utrinque basali lato et profundo, angulis 
posticis rectis; elytris paullo latius ovatis, striis modice 
impressis, 4—7 apice abbreviatis (apice levissimo) ceteris 
erosse punctatis, apice concoloribus. Long. 4 mm. 

Nikko. 

Answers in some respects to the description of B. 
misellum, Harold; but the form of the thorax is 
entirely different from that of B. velox and pusillwn, 
with which the author compares his species. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 273 


Bembidium (Peryphus) elongatum, De}. 
Dej., Sp. Gen., v., p. 148. 
Hakodate ; in crevices in a moist cliff. 


The thorax is broader than in specimens from South 
France, Madeira, and Mesopotamia, but not much 
broader than in one from Malaga which I have at hand 
for comparison, or than in examples from Imeritia. 
The Japanese form differs, however, in having a few 
punctures on the sides of the forehead, besides the 
central puncture. B. thermarum, Motsch., from Hast 
Siberia seems to be the same species. 


Bembidium (Peryphus) cnemidotum. 


B. cribro, Duval, affine et simillimum, sed differt 
pedibus fusco-testaceis tibiis albescentibus, palpisque 
articulo penultimo nigro. JF usco-cupreum politum, 
versus apicem interdum rufescens; antennis articulis 
1—2 palpisque (articulo penultimo nigro excepto) rufis, 
pedibus testaceo-fuscis tibiis albo-testaceis ; capite et 
thorace viridi-eneo tinctis, illo puncto mediano frontali, 
hoc sat convexo, late cordato, prope basin solum angus- 
tato-sinuato, angulis rectis, basi sicut in B. elongato 
grosse punctato et late foveato ; elytris punctato-striatis, 
striis 2—7 ante apicem obsoletis. Long. 5—53 mm. 


Sapporo. 


Bembidium (Peryphus) oxyglymma. 


B. lissonoto, Bates, et decoro, Panzer, affinis sed differt 
elytrorum striis omnibus acute insculptis, 6—7 prope 
apicem abrupte terminatis nec conjunctis. Parvum, 
oblongum, depressum, nigro-zeneum, antennarum scapo 
rufo, pedibus palpisque basi rufo-piceis, thorace sub- 
cordato-quadrato, postice modice angustato-sinuato, 
angulis posticis subacutis, basi fovea sat profunda procul 
ab angulo sita; elytris acute striatis (striis vix perspicue 
crenulatis), omnibus equaliter insculptis, 1—5 apicem 
conjunctis 2 apicem attingenti, 3—4 prope apicem con- 
junctis, 6—7 paullulum ante apicem abrupte separatim 
terminatis ; punctis duobus dorsalibus conspicuis. Long. 
44—5}i mm. 

Kumamoto ; Morioka. 


274 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Bembidium (Peryphus) ewrygonum. 


B. oxyglymme affine et simillimum, sed differt corpore 
ovato nec oblongo, thoraceque magis transverso, basi 
latiori et angulis posticis exstantibus acutis. Oblongo- 
ovatum, nigro-eneum, antennarum scapo rufo, pedibus 
fusco-piceis; thorace late quadrato, prope basin valde 
sinuato modice angustato, apud angulos posticos dila- 
tato, angulis acutis, fovea basali simplici alutacea ; ely- 
tris acute striatis (striis vix perspicue punctulatis) 
omnibus equaliter insculptis, 1—5 per apicem conjunctis, 
2 apicem attingenti, 8—4 prope apicem conjunctis, 
6—7 paullulum ante apicem separatim terminatis. Long. 
54 mm. 

Nagasaki ; Kumamoto. 


The relations of this species to B. oxyglymma are 
peculiar. The two seem to be found together, and are 
identical in colours and sculpture; but they differ 
distinctly in form, B. oxyglymma having the oblong, 
parallelogrammical, outline of B. decorum and allies, 
and B. eurygonum a broader and more ovate form, 
approaching B. paludosum; with this the thorax is 
distinctly broader behind, being laterally produced at 
the angles, which are acute. It is probable, neverthe- 
less, that the two are varieties of one and the same 
species. There are males and females of both forms. 

In striation the two species resemble B. planiusculum, 
Mannerh., from N.W. America. 


Bembidium (Peryphus) sanatum. 


B. lunato, Dufts., proxime affine, sed differt thorace 
multo angustiori anguste subcordato, postice valde 
angustato ibique lateribus fere parallelis, angulis acutis, 
fovea basali profundissima, punctata carinulaque elon- 
gata juxta angulum. Hlongatum subgracile, olivaceo- 
eneum politum, palpis, antennis (versus apicem leviter 
infuscatis) pedibusque testaceo-rufis ; elytris immacu- 
latis, punctato-striatis, striis, suturali marginalibusque 
exceptis, ante apicem obsoletis ibique apice levissimis. 
Long. 53 mm. 


Niohozan ; near the snow in June. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 275 


Bembidium (Peryphus) semiluitum. 


B. colluto, Bates, affinissimum, forsan ejus varietas 
geographica; minor, antennis articulis 5—11 et 4ti 
basi, nigro-fuscis; elytris apice late et vage testaceo- 
rufis. Hlongato-ovatum, viridi-eneum, palpis, anten- 
narum articulis 1—3 et 4ti basi, pedibusque testaceo- 
rufis ; thorace late quadrato, postice parum angustato, 
basi utrinque bistriato plicaque juxta angulum ; elytris 
striato-punctatis, striis 2—7 ante apicem obsoletis, 
versus apicem rufescentibus, interdum toto rufo-trans- 
lucentibus. Long. 44 mm. 


Honjo; marshes. 


Bembidium (Peryphus) chloreum, Bates. 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 18738, p. 382. 


Kumamoto and Ogura Lake. Previously recorded 
only from Kiu-Kiang, China. 


Bemlidium misellum, Harold. 
Harold, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1877, p. 342. 
Tokio (Hilgendorf). 


A specimen from Wada togé, taken by Mr. Lewis, 
agrees fairly well with von Harold’s description, except 
that the striz, although strongly punctured, seem 
scarcely enough deeply impressed. Von Harold com- 
pares his insect to B. velox (lampros), to which the Wada 
togé specimen is very closely allied. 


Bembidium leucolenum. 


Oblongo-ovatum, cupreo-fuscum lateribus viridi-zneis, 
antennis palpis pedibusque nigro-fuscis, tibiis testaceis ; 
sulcis frontalibus flexuosis subparallelis, inter suleum et 
oculum puncto magno setifero; thorace late quadrato- 
cordato, prope basin sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis 
subacutis, fovea basali profunda plicaque acuta juxta 
angulum; elytris parum convexis, punctato-striatis, 
striis 8—7 prope apicem obsoletis, 8—9 sat separatis 
sed in sulcum latum correntibus ante apicem conjunctis ; 
femoribus sat incrassatis. Long. 54 mm. 


Nikko ; in the streets, running in the sun. 


276 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Very near B. lampros, but much larger and more 
robust. The basal rim of the elytra forms a sharp 
angle with the margin at the shoulder, as in B. splen- 
didum. 


Bembidium (Hydriwn) pogonoides. 


B. splendido, Sturm, affine. Oblongum, eneum niti- 
dum, antennis (articulis basalibus rufis exceptis) femori- 
busque piceis, tibiis et tarsis testaceis, palpis rufis 
articulo penultimo piceo ; thorace quam in B. splendido 
latiori, late quadrato, paullo ante medium rotundato- 
dilatato, deinde antice magis quam postice angustato, 
angulis posticis rectis, basi bistriato plicaque prope 
aneulum ; elytris humeris acutis et acute marginatis 
punctato-striatis, striis parum impressis 2—7 versus 
apicem vix perspicuis (Sta apice flexuosa et sat profunda 
excepta). Long. 53—6 mm. 


Niigata ; also Eastern Siberia. 


Closely allied to B. splendidum, which, together with 
many other allied species, belongs to the same section 
(Hydrium, Lec. olim) as the North-American B. levi- 
gatum, Say. It differs from B. splendidum by its larger 
size, and by the thorax being much less narrowed 
behind ; in fact, more narrowed in front and distinctly 
wider at the base than on the front margin. 


Bembidium eneipes. 


B. striato, F., multo angustior, thorace subconico, a 
basi usque ad apicem fere recte angustato. Supra viridi- 
auratum vix nitidum, medio cuprascens ; antennis palpis 
pedibusque viridi-eneis; capite angusto, sulcis frontali- 
bus longis parallellis, interspatio angusto, convexo ; 
thorace alutaceo, medio nitido, basi utrinque striola 
curvata impresso ; elytris angustis, a basi oblique leviter 
ampliatis, deinde parallelis, apice conjunctim subacute 
rotundatis, punctato-striatis, striis 6—7 prope humeros 
obliteratis, 8—9 sat late separatis sed profundius im- 
pressis ; interstitiis planis, tertio punctis parvis duobus. 
Long. 443—5} mm. 

Sapporo ; Chiuzenji. 


Of the species known to me most nearly ailied to 
B. inserticeps, Chaud., but very distinct, and approach- 
ing B. stenoderum, Bates; the two marginal strie are 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 277 


more widely separated, and the elytra more obliquely 
widened from the shoulders, than in B. inserticeps. The 
thorax is of remarkable form, much the widest at the 
base, and, with the exception of a very slight widening 
in the middle, narrowed to the apex, the apical angles 
advanced and acute. Dull-coloured specimens are red- 
dish coppery, subopaque, with elytral borders widely 
green, and extreme margins golden. In an immature 
example the legs and antenne are pitchy red. 


Bembidium chloropus. 

B. eneipedi affinis, sed major; toto eneum nitidum, 
pedibus viridi-eneis, femoribus basi tibiisque medio tes- 
taceis ; antennarum scapo subtus testaceo, palpis articulo 
penultimo viridi-eneo ; sulcis frontalibus elongatis, inter- 
spatio convexo; thorace a basi usque ad apicem modice 
angustato, medio paullulum dilatato, angulis anticis 
productis, basi alutaceo, fovea utrinque modice im- 
pressa; elytris ab humeris oblique ampliatis, deinde 
parallelis, apice conjunctim acuminatis; punctato- 
striatis, stria 7ma apud humerum obsoleta, 8—9 sat late 
separatis sed profundius impressis, interstitiis planis, 
tertio punctis duabus parvis. Long. 53—6 mm. 


Hakodate. 


Bembidium (Bracteon) striatum, Fab. 
Fab.; Schaum, Ins. Deutschl., i., 1, p. 677. 
Niigata. 


Trigonodactyla insignis. (Pl. XIIL., fig. 6). 

T. cephaloti, Dej., simillima, forsan ejus varietas geo- 
graphica. Elongata, linearis, fulvo-testacea capitethorace 
antennisque rufo-castaneis, elytris macula ovata com- 
muni post medium nigra; capite magno fere quadrato, 
levi, sulcis frontalibus postice intus curvatis; thorace 
cordato grosse irregulariter punctato ; elytris punctato- 
striatis, interstitiis planis, tertio punctis setiferis parvis 
3 vel 4. Long. 8} mm. 

Yuyama ; Hitoyoshi; under reeds on elevated downs. 

Mr. Lewis has compared his specimens with others 
of 7’. cephalotes from India in the British Museum, and 
finds them specifically distinct. Among other dis- 
tinguishing characters he remarked the impunctate 


278 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


head and more deeply impressed frontal furrows; the 
latter curve inwardly behind, and terminate before 
reaching the crown; they are sharply and obliquely 
cut, and separated from the fine sculptured line near 
the eyes by a wheal, moderately elevated. The speci- 
men figured is a variety, in which the elytral spot 
extends to the apex. 


Casnonia litura (Odacantha, id.), Schmidt-Goebel. 
Schmidt-Goebel, Col. Birm., p. 22. 
‘“‘Virgin’s Peak,” Nagasaki; three specimens. 


Casnonia egrota. 


C. (Odacanthe) fulvipenni proxime affinis et simillima, 
sed differt statura graciliori precipue capite post oculos 
rectius et longius angustato. Gracilis, nigro-fusca, 
capite et thorace enescenti-nigris politis, antennis 
articulis 3 et 4to basi pedibusque flavo-testaceis, elytris 
fulvo-testaceis ; capite impunctato (mandibulis palpis- 
que piceo-rufis) thorace quam in C. fulvipenni paullo 
graciliori antice magis angustato, levi, pronoti margine 
basi, prosternoque apice punctatis; elytris punctato- 
striatis, striis basi parum versus latera et apicem nullo 
modo, impressis. Long. 7 mm. 

Niigata; Honjo. 

Extremely near C. fulvipennis, which, if I have deter- 
mined the species rightly, is found at Hong-Kong, and 
not in Celebes, as stated by Chaudoir. It differs, how- | 
ever, a little in form, the head in both sexes being more 
straightly narrowed, and appearing longer behind the 
eyes. The margins of the pronotum also have only a 
row of large punctures, few in number, instead of being 
thickly punctured, and the thorax seems to taper more 
gradually in front. 

Chaudoir gives no reason for placing his species in 
Odacantha rather than in Casnonia. It is certainly 
much more nearly related to the group of Casnonia of 
which C. fuscipennis is the type, than to Odacantha 
melanura. There appears, however, to be no structural 
differences between the two genera, the shorter and more 
oblong form of the thorax and slightly thicker palpi in 
Odacantha being the only perceptible difference. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 279 


Drypta Japonica. 


Drypta lineola, Dej., var. Japonica, Bates, Trans. Ent. 
Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 308. 


Abundant at Tokio, Kioto, Osaka, Nara, Niigata, and 
other places, among reeds in marshes. 


Mr. Lewis has convinced himself, on the comparison 
of a long series, that this form is very distinct from 
D. lineola, Dej. Baron Chaudoir (Bull. Mosce., 1877, i., 
262), is correct in saying that the Chinese examples of 
lineola with which I compared D. Japonica are his D. 
virgata, but he committed an error regarding D. Japonica 
which is unintelligible; the differences stated in my 
description are accurate, and hold good over a large 
series of examples. 


Drypta fulveola. 

D. distincte affinis sed differt corpore supra toto badio- 
fulvo, elytris vix perspicue fusco-marginatis; subtus 
capite, pro- et mesothorace, coxis et trochanteribus 
fulvis; metathorace abdomine et pedibus chalybeis ; 
antennis fulvis scapo et articulo tertio dimidio apicali 
chalybeo. Long. § mm. 


Honjo, in Tokio; at roots of reeds. Very local. 


Differs from D. distincta in form as well as in colour ; 
being decidedly narrower and more slender in all its 
parts; the interstices of the elytra also are more 
strongly punctured. 


Dendrocellus geniculatus, Klug. 
Klug, Jahrb., 1., p. 52. 
Yuyama; in bundles of a reedy grass on elevated 


slopes, cut for roofing purposes. Also Burma, Assam, 
Java. 


Brachinus @neicostis. 


B. stenodero, Bates, affinis sed angustior, elongatus 
subgracilis, elytris obscure viridi-zneis subopacis, costis 
utrinque 8 angustis zneis politis, tota superficie (costis 
inclusis) minute granulatis; capite mox pone oculos 
angustato, supra punctato; thorax minus elongato. 
antice paullo magis rotundato-dilatato, postice sat pro- 
funde sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis acutis, dorso 


280 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


crebre ruguloso-punctato, abdomine (segmento 2ndo 
medio rufo excepto) fusco ; antennis pedibusque testaceo- 
rufis, articulis 3-—7 leviter infuscatis ; antennis minus 
elongatis. Long. 12 mm. 


Ogura Lake; a marsh-loving species. 


Catascopus ignicinctus. 

C. virenti, Chaud., affinis, supra nigro-cyaneus, elytris 
igneo-cupreo marginatis, subtus nigro-piceus, antennis 
palpisque apice piceo-rufis; fronte utrinque (prope 
oculum) pluristriata, medio epistomate et collo levibus ; 
vertice punctato ; thorace postice valde sinuatim-angus- 
tato, angulis posticis acutis, dorso leviter striguloso ; 
elytris sat late quadratis, apice ad suturam obtusissimis, 
extus haud angulatis, dorso punctato-striatis, interstitiis 
planis, 5to angustato modice convexo, 7to carinato, 8—9 
igneo-cupreis. Long. 105—12 mm. 

Yuyama and Konose; under bark. 


Lioptera erotyloides. (Pl. XIII, fig. 5). 

Late oblongo-ovata parum convexa, nigra, subopaca, 
elytris fere levibus sericeo-nitentibus utrinque maculis 
vel fasciis multidentatis rufis duabus, altera basali altera 
paullo ante apicem ; capite coriaceo, versus oculos rugu- 
loso; thorace valde transverso lateribus angulisque 
anticis valde rotundatis, margine late explanato, angulis 
posticis subrectis, supra opaco coriaceo; elytris sub- 
tilissime striato-punctulatis, interstitiis planissimis et 
subtilissime punctulatis, apice oblique sinuato-truncatis. - 
Long. 11 mm. 

Yuyama, in fungi on trees; and one example at 
Junsai. 

The red markings of the elytra are similar in form 
to those of Hpiscapha and allied genera of Hrotylide. 
The basal spot has three denticulations on its posterior 
margin, and anteriorly emits a branch which extends to 
the base and shoulder; the posterior spot or fascia 
extends across the elytron, but without reaching the 
suture or margin, and is dentate on both its edges. 
The species fits but imperfectly into Chaudoir’s genus, 
and differs in many important points from the only 
other one known, L. quadriguttata from the Philip- 
pines. I have had for some years in my collection a 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 281 


large species from Borneo very closely allied to L. eroty- 
loides, differing chiefly in the total absence of striz or 
rows of punctures.* 


Coptodera Japonica. (Pl. XIII, fig. 4). 


C. piligere, Chaud., simillima, sed differt thorace 
multo latiori et postice minus angustato. Late oblonga, 
castaneo-fusca, partibus oris, antennis pedibusque ob- 
secure rufis, femoribus tibiisque plus minusve infuscatis. 
elytris utrinque maculis angulosis duabus fulvis, altera 
prope basin interstitia 83—7 (interdum 4—6 vel 4—5 
solum) tegentibus altera prope apicem apud interstitia 
2—8, fasciam dentatam flexuosam formanti; thorace 
valde transverso, mox a collo late rotundato post medium 
modice et vix sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis rectis, 
margine explanato-elevato plus minusve rufescenti ; 
elytris apice parum oblique et sinuatim truncatis, sub- 
punctulatim striatis, interstitiis omnibus equaliter con- 
vexis. Long. 9—10 mm. 


Kiushiu, elevated forests, in fungi. 


Allied to C. subapicalis, Putz., and C. piligera, Chaud., 
the latter of which appears to be undescribed. It has 
been communicated to me by M. René Oberthur as 
bearing that name in the Chaudoir collection, and as 
having been taken by Pere David in China. 


Coptodera subapicalis, Putzeys. 
Putzeys, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1877, p. 84. 


Hagi (Hiller). In all the islands, rather common 
in old trees in winter, and on foliage in summer. 


Mochtherus luctuosus, Putzeys. 
Putzeys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1875 (vol. xviii.), p. 9. 
Kiushiu and south of main island. 


Lioptera Plato. Magna, late-ovata parum convexa, nigra fere 
opaca, elytris utrinque signatura angusta triramosa prope basin et 
humerum, altera transversa (antice ramum unicum postice ramos 
duo emittenti) rufis; capite et thorace coraceis et strigulosis, hoc 
valde transverso, lateribus late explanato-reflexis, postice parum 
angustato, angulis posticis vix rectis; elytris subtilissime punctu- 
latis striis omnibus obsoletis. Long. 18mm. North Borneo. 


282 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Dolichoctis ornatellus. 


D. quadriplagiate, Mots., affinis sed multo minor 
thoraceque medio angulato, etc. Sat elongato-ovata, 
castaneo-fusca (subtus pallidior) capite thoraceque in- 
terdum castaneo-rufis, elytris utrinque maculis duabus 
rotundis fulvis; antennis, palpis, thoracis elytrorumque 
marginibus pedibusque testaceo-fulvis, femoribus tibiis- 
que interdum infuscatis ; capite subtilissime striguloso, 
subopaco; thorace sat elongato, paullo ante medium 
angulatim dilatato, deinde antice magis quam postice 
subrecte angustato, angulis posticis fere rectis, dorso 
striguloso sat nitido; elytris apice sinuato-truncatis, 
angulis haud dentatis, dorso striatis, interstitiis planis. 
Long. 5—5+ mm. 

Yuyama and other places in Higo. 


Very near D. (Mochtherus) rotundata, Schmidt-Goebel, 
but apparently distinct. There are several other closely- 
allied species in the Indo-Malayan region. 


Dromws prolixus. 


D. quadraticollis (Moraw.), Bates, Trans. Ent. Soe. . 
Lond., 1878, p. 307. 


D. agile, F., multo magis elongatus et relative an- 
eustior, supra castaneo-fuscus subtus castaneo-rufus, 
partibus oris, antennis et pedibus fulvo-testaceis ; capite 
parvo, ovato, palpis gracilibus acuminatis; thorace 
anguste quadrato, antice vix rotundato, postice parum | 
angustato, subsinuato, angulis posticis fere rectis ; elytris 
angustis, elongatis, postice gradatim sed perparum dila- 
tatis, apice recte sinuato-truncatis, sat profunde sub- 
punctulatim striatis, interstitiis subconvexis, subtilissime 
alutaceis, nitidis, 7mo pluripunctato. Long. 63—73 mm. 


Junsai; Kawachi; Nikko. 


I had formerly referred this species to D. quadrati- 
collis, Moraw., from the Amur, but it is clearly distinct, 
though very closely allied, the antenne not answering to 
Morawitz’s description ‘‘antennarum basi pedibusque 
ferrugineis,’ but being unicolorous tawny-red. The 
outline of the thorax varies a little; in specimens from 
Nikko it is distinctly narrowed from the slight anterior 
rounding to the base, and the posterior angles are very 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 283 


slightly prominent ; but in others from Kawachi it is as 
wide at the base as in front, and the angles are more 
prominent. All intermediate gradations occur, and the 
following may be only an extreme form. 


Dromius campanulatus. 

Paullo minus elongatus ; thorace campanuliformi, basi 
dilatato ; ceteris ut in D. prolizo. Long. 54—63 mm. 

Higo; Fukushima; Miyanoshita and Kiga. 

The thorax is much the widest at the hind angles, 
being narrowed thence, first in a straight and then in a 
curved line to the anterior margin. As some gradations 
occur, I doubt whether it keeps itself as a distinct species 
from D. prolixus. 


Dromius breviceps. 

D. agile affinis, magis elongatus ; a D. prolixo et D. 
agile differt capite ante oculos multo abbreviato, obtuso, 
labro mandibulisque brevibus, palpis crassis, articulo 
ultimo elongato-ovato prope apicem lateraliter excavato ; 
elongato-oblongus, nigro-piceus, antennis palpis pedi- 
busque fulvo-testaceis ; femoribus flavescentibus ; capite 
brevissimo, post oculos nec rotundato, recte angustato, 
fronte multi-rugulosa; thorace quadrato, antice fere ut 
in D. agile usque ad collum modice rotundato, sed postice 
minime angustato, angulis posticis elevatis apice rotun- 
datis, dorso striguloso ; elytris parallelis, apice fere recte 
truncatis, striis vix impressis interstitiis convexis. Long. 
7 mm. 

Yokohama, under Celtis bark. 

Very distinctfrom D. prolixus and campanulatus. Colour 
above wholly pitchy black, with a silky gloss; legs 
yellowish testaceous ; palpi thick, last joint ovoid ; head 
much shortened anteriorly, rounded, and obtuse ; elytral 
strie very faint and not perceptibly punctulated, &c. It 
is much more nearly allied toa Central American species, 
D. Guatemalene, Bates; the row of punctures on the 
7th interstice is scarcely visible. 


Dromius crassipalpis. 
D. brevicipiti proxime affinis, minus elongatus, quoad 
forman D. agili similis, supra nigro-piceus, thorace 
interdum rufescenti; antennis, partibus oris pedibusque 


284 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


fulvo-testaceis; capite antice modice elongato, fronte 
levi; thorace quadrato, postice sinuato-angustato, mar- 
gine explanato-subreflexo, angulis posticis fere rectis ; 
elytris apice leviter sinuatis, striis acutius quam in 
D. agile impressis, interstitiis convexis alutaceis, 3i0 et 
7mo seriato-punctatis. Variat pedibus piceo-rufis. Long. 
6—7 mm. 

Oyama, in Sagami. 

Resembles D. agilis, but the head is perfectly smooth 
above and not rounded behind the eyes, and the thorax is 
less narrowed behind, with sinuated margins and nearly 
rectangular hind angles. Palpi thickened as in D. 
breviceps. 

Blechrus glabratus, Duftsch. 

Duftsch., Schaum, Ins. Deutschl., i., 1, p. 275. 

Junsal; Sapporo. 


A universally-distributed insect in the north-temperate 
zone; in America ranging as far south as Mexico. 


Blechrus maurus, Sturm. 
Sturm, Schaum, l. c., p. 276. 
Bukenji; in dry arable fields early in spring. 
Rather more distinctly striated than Kuropean examples 
usually are. 


Metabletus quadripunctatus, Schmidt-Goebel. 
Schmidt-Goebel, Col. Birm., p. 39. ? 
Yuyama. 


A single specimen agreeing with Schmidt-Goebel’s 
description, except with regard to the punctures on the 
8rd interstice, which, according to him, are two in 
number, one in the middle, the other far behind,—in 
fact as in D. foveola and inequalis. The single Japanese 
example is evidently an aberration, as there are two punc- 
tures on the left elytron and four on the right. It would 
be unsafe to found a new species on a unique specimen 
in doubtful condition. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 285 


Demetrias marginicollis. 


D. atricapillo longior, precipue capite et thorace magis 
elongatis, illo post oculos prolongato perparum rotun- 
dato, hoc ante basin vix sinuato angulis posticis obtusis ; 
flavo-testaceus, capite nigro epistomate partibusque oris 
rufis, thoracis marginibus, lateralibus anguste nigro- 
fuscis, elytrorum sutura fusca ; capite impunctato ; ely- 
tris punctulato-striatis, striis versus latera minime im- 
pressis. Long. 5} mm. 

Miyanoshita, Honjo, and Nowata. 


In the elongate head and thorax agrees with D. Amur- 
ensis, Motsch. (= sibiricus, Mor.?) and D. longicollis, 
Chaud., from Eastern Siberia. But in the description of 
neither is any mention made of the fine brown margins 
of the thorax, which distinguishes the Japanese form ; 
from D. longicollis besides, of which I possess a speci- 
men, it differs in many points. The dusky streak 
along the suture covers one interstice near the base and 
widens to two interstices from the middle to near the 
apex. 

Lachnoderma asperum. (Pl. XIII, fig. 2). 


Oblongum dense erecte pubescens, nigrum nitidum, 
elytris, unguibus, abdominisque apice castaneo-rufis ; 
capite grosse punctato medio sublevi; oculis valde 
prominentibus ; thorace lato et brevi, basi lobato, antice 
explanato-dilatato, rotundato, medio angulato, deinde pos- 
tice valde sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis productis 
acutis, limbo toto grosse scabroso-punctato, disco levi ; 
elytris striato-punctatis, punctis profundissimis, inter- 
stitiis sparsim punctulatis, apice transversim truncatis, 
angulis exterioribus valde rotundatis ; tarsis supra pube- 
scentibus, articulo 4to bilobato ; unguibus basi dilatatis 
et longe pectinatis. Long. 8 mm. 


Above Miyanoshita. One example under a stone; 
another, partly eaten, in an ant’s nest; May 8rd, 1880. 


I refer this curious species to the genus Lachnoderma, 
instituted by W. Macleay for an Australian species in 
Trans. Ent. Soc., N.S. W., vol. i., p. 321. Singilis 
hirsutus, Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 3338, 
from Hong-Kong, is another species of the same genus. 
Chaudoir referred Lachnoderma to his subgroup Physo- 
dérides. 

TRANS. ENT, Soc. 1883.—PaRT III. (AUG.) Y 


286 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Pentagomca angulosa. 


P. subcordicolli, Bates, similis sed differt ab omnibus 
affinibus thorace utrinque biangulato; nigro-nitida, 
partibus oris pedibusque flavo-testaceis, antennis piceo- 
fuscis, articulis 2 basalibus pallidioribus, thorace ely- 
trorumque marginibus angustis rufescentibus ; thorace 
valde transverso, postice ab angulo laterali explanato- 
marginato, ante basin obtuse angulato, deinde usque ad 
basin sinuato ; elytris punctulato-striatis, interstitiis sat 
convexis. Long. 5 mm. 

Yuyama; Kashiwagi; Nikko; always in or about 
fungi. 

The second angle on the sides of the thorax is distinct 
also in P. hexagona, Woll., and P. sutuwralis, Schaum, but 
in no species is it so well developed as in P. angulosa, 
the explanated margin forming a distinct projection. 


Lebia fusca, Morawitz. 
Bates, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 318. 
Miyanoshita and in Yezo. 


Described by Morawitz from examples taken at Hako- 
date. The fourth tarsal joint, as stated by the describer, 
is bilobed. 


Lebia duplex. 


L. fusca simillima, sed differt tarsorum articulo 4to 
emarginato nec bilobato, thorace et elytris haud distincte 
rufo-marginatis. Long. 7} mm. 


On all the islands; on foliage in May. 


So near to L. fusca that there is scarcely any means 
of distinguishing it except by the important structural 
character of a simply emarginated fourth tarsal joint, 
the same joint having two fully-developed lobes in L. 
fusca. The form of every other part is as near as can 
be the same; but there appears to be a constant diffe- 
rence in the margins of the elytra and thorax being 
concolorous with the rest of the surface in L. duplex and 
reddish in L. fusca. The elytra have deep impunctate 
stri#, with convex interstices, in both species. 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 287 


Lelna sylvarum. 


L. japonice affinis; L. ide ejus sectionis similis, 
thorace castaneo-rufo testaceo-marginato, sed differt 
elytris prope apicem flavo-fasciatis. Supra piceo-nigra 
nitida, thorace castaneo-rufo, testaceo-rufo marginato, 
elytris macula magna angulata anteriori discoidali 
fasciaque prope apicem (antice unidentata) margineque 
testaceo-flavis; partibus oris, antennis pedibusque 
testaceo-rufis; corpore subtus flavo-testaceo; oculis 
prominentibus, capite fere levi; thorace transversim 
quadrato, postice vix angustato, margine explanato- 
reflexo recto, angulis posticis haud productis subrectis, 
dorso subtiliter ruguloso ; elytris profunde striatis, inter- 
stitiis convexis ; tarsorum articulo 4to bilobato. Long. 
6+ mm. 


Higo ; in moist forests at an elevation of 2000 feet. 


Lebia Iolanthe. 


L. japonica minor et angustior, oblonga, supra nigra, 
thorace rufo, antennis palpisque nigris illarum articulis 
2 basalibus fusco-testaceis, elytris margine laterale et 
apicale maculisque ovalibus utrinque duabus (prima 
discoidali ante medium, secunda apicali juxta suturam) 
flavo-testaceis ; corpore subtus pedibusque flavo-tes- 
taceis; capite subtilissime punctulato, prope oculos 
ruguloso, oculis prominentibus; thorace transversim 
quadrato, postice perparum angustato, margine explanato- 
reflexo, sinuato, angulis posticis acutis, dorso subtilissime 
coriaceo; elytris acute striatis, interstitiis subconvexis 
alutaceis ; tarsorum articulo 4to bilobato. Long. 5— 
54+ mm. 

Ontake; Subashiri; on Arctium. 


ADDENDA. 


The following species, overlooked by Mr. Lewis on the 
first arrangement of his new material, have to be added 
to the foregoing Suppiement. They include one Pale- 
arctic genus, Penetretus, new to the Japanese fauna, 
and increase the total number of described species to 
eis Po 


288 Mr. H. W. Bates’ supplement to the 


Eucalathus atricolor. 


E. e@neolo angustior, piceo-niger, antennis partibus 
oris pedibusque piceo-rufis, femoribus paullo obscuriori- 
bus ; thorace potius ovato quam quadrato, postice magis 
quam antice angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis ; 
elytris profunde striatis, interstitiis convexis; tarsis 
posticis subtus parce hirsutis. Long. 11—13 mm. 

Chiuzenji; Nikko; Nara; in damp shady forests. 


The thinner clothing of hairs on the soles of the 
hinder tarsi prove that the dense clothing is not an essen- 
tial generic character, this species belonging certainly 
to the same group as E. eneolus. In immature examples 
the legs and antenne are tawny testaceous. Some 
examples are of very slender form, narrower in propor- 
tion than Calathus Solieri. 


Pristodactyla crocata. 


P. cathaice affinis; gracilior, nigro-picea, antennis 
partibus oris pedibusque fulvescenti-croceis ; thorace sat 
elongato, lateribus modice rotundatis, ante angulos pos- 
ticos perparum sinuato, angulis distinctis sed obtu- 
sissimis, margine anguste explanato plus minusve rufe- 
scenti; elytris oblongis, acute striatis, interstitis ¢ 
subconvexis, 2 planis margine interdum rufescenti ; 
palporum articulo ultimo elongato, versus apicem leviter 
dilatato, apice truncato. Long. 12—14 mm., dg, 2. 


Hakodate ; Yokohama. 


Two small males (9—11 mm.), taken at Sannohe, | 
differ in their rather slenderer form, with sides of thorax 
much less rounded. 


Colpodes eurydamas. 


Late ovatus, modice convexus, supra nigra nitida 
elytris olivaceis subopalescentibus, antennis palpis tibiis 
et tarsis piceo-rufis; capite levi, post oculos parvos 
modice prominentes oblique angustato, collo sat crasso 
nec constricto ; thorace paullo ante medium subangu- 
latim dilatato, antice recte angustato, angulis anticis 
productis, postice sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis 
rectis, marginibus explanato-reflexis; elytris latis apice 
late rotundatis, sinuatis, dorso striatis, interstitiis planis, 
tertio 8-punctato; tarsis omnibus articulo 4to emargi- 


Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 289 


nato (angulo exteriori longiori) ; posticis utrinque sul- 
catis ; mesothoracis episternis modice elongatis, latis. 
Long. 113 mm., ¢. 


Yuyama; two examples. 


Unlike any other Colpodes known to me, and difficult 
to place in any of Chaudoir’s sections. The length of 
the metathoracic episterna approaches that of the 
species of his third chief section, but they are much 
broader than in the numerous American species. 


Colpodes Pryert. 


C. splendenti et C.ameno proxime affinis ; aliter colo- 
ratus, subtus antennis pedibusque piceis, supra olivaceo- 
eneus politus, femoribus et palpis castaneo-rufis ; tarsis 
omnibus supra bicarinatis, elytris apice suturali dentatis. 
Long, 123 mm. 

Oyama (Mr. Pryer). 

The elytra are more brilliantly brassy olivaceous than 
the head and thorax, and the under side is pitchy black, 
instead of red as in C. splendens and C. amenus; the 


sides of the thorax are less explanated and scarcely 
reddish. 


Diplous depressus. 


Patrobus depressus, Dejean, Sp. Gen. Col., v., p. 705 ; 
Chaudoir, Essai Monogr. s. 1. groupe des Pogo- 
nides, p. 33. 


Kashiwagi, river-bed on road to Shingu. 


Mr. Lewis’ specimens do not differ from others with 
which I have compared them from East Siberia. 


Penetretus ambiguus. 


Deltomero tatrico similis, paullo robustior ; elongatus, 
subgracilis, nigro-piceus, glaber, subtus rufo-piceus, 
partibus oris, antennis pedibusque rufis ; capite fere levi, 
longe post oculos constricto; thorace fere sicut in 
P. rufipenni cordato, antice minus rotundato, basi parce 
punctato ; elytris elongato-ovatis, versus basin gradatim 
angustatis, striatis, striis indistincte punctulatis ; tarsis 
supra glabris. Long. 9—10 mm. 


Summit of Ontake, July 29th, 1881. 


290 Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. 


Belongs to Penetretus by the glabrous upper surface of 
the tarsi, but in form and facies more resembling Delto- 
merus ; the facies is something between Patrobus eaxca- 
vatus and Deltomerus tatricus. 


Penetretus dilatatus. 


P. ambiguo brevior et latior; piceo-niger, antennis 
partibus oris pedibusque picescenti-rufis; capite, fere 
levi; thorace late cordato, antice valde rotundato, pos- 
tice sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis acutissimis, 
basi et lateribus punctatis; elytris latius ovatis, sub- 
punctulato-striatis. Long. 8} mm. ; 


Shimidzu-toge. One example (male) only. 


Stomonaaus leviventris. 

S. striatocolli similis sed angustior, elytris oblongis, 
subtus toto corpore levissimo; piceo-niger, thoracis 
lateribus postice et angulis rectis; elytris levi-sulcatis, 
apice juxta suturam vix rufescenti; antennis, partibus 
oris, pedibus, segmentisque 3 ultimis ventralibus, piceo- 
fulvis. Long. 53 mm. 


Hakone; many examples in decaying beeches. Head 
and thorax sometimes rusty red. 


EXPLANATION OF Puate XIII. 


Fic. 1. Cicindela ovipennis. 
2. Lachnoderma asperum. 
3. Carabus grandis. 
. Coptodera Japonica. 
. Lioptera erotyloides. 
. Trigonodactyla insignis. 
. Broscosoma elegans. 


AO Oe 


( 291 ) 


XII. Revision of the Pselaphide of Japan. 
By D. SuHarp. 


[Read July 4th, 1883. ] 


Until the year 1874 nothing whatever was known 
about the Japanese Pselaphide, but in that year I was 
enabled to describe, in the Society’s ‘ Transactions,’ 
twenty-four species of the family discovered by Mr. 
Lewis ; and shortly afterwards Herr Julius Weise added, 
in the ‘Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift,’ three 
others found by Mr. Hiller at Hagi. Mr. Lewis has 
recently returned from a second visit to the Archipelago, 
bringing back with him a magnificent collection of 
Coleoptera, which we may hope will be well worked out, 
for it is sufficiently extensive to enable us to form an 
approximately just estimate of this department of the 
Japanese fauna, and to compare it with those of Europe 
and North America. What amount of endemic pecu- 
liarity in its fauna the Archipelago will ultimately prove 
to possess must, however, still remain undetermined, 
owing to the excessively imperfect state of our knowledge 
of the natural history of the neighbouring regions, the 
entomology of the North of China and of the Korea 
being among the least known of any part of the world. 
So far as the fauna of Eastern Siberia goes, there does 
not appear to be so great an identity between it and that 
of Japan, as from their geographical propinquity we 

“might expect. 

My. Lewis’ recent discoveries enable me to bring the 
list of Japanese Pselaphide to sixty-seven species, 
assigned to seventeen genera, nine of these latter being, 
so far as we at present know, peculiar to Japan. Nearly 
one-half of the Japanese members of the family I have 
assigned to the genus Batrisus, which is one of the most 
extensive and widely distributed of the components of 
the family. The Japanese representatives of this genus 
are extremely varied, and, if studied without relation to 
those of other countries, might form several genera ; 

TRANS. ENT. SoC. 1883.—PART III. (AUG.) 


292 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


but when I examined the variations of structure existing 
in the Batrisi of Europe, North America, and other 
countries, I found it would not be desirable at present to 
divide the Japanese forms, most of the genera recently 
established at the expense of Batrisus being of doubtful 
validity. The Japanese Batrisi exhibit, however, but 
little affinity with the European members of the genus, 
and, if we eliminate them and the members of other 
widely-distributed genera from the list, we find that the 
relationship of the Japanese Pselaphide to those of 
Europe is limited to the possession of a species of the 
genus Centrotoma and four of Bythinus, all being, how- 
ever, distinct species from any found in Europe. On 
the other hand, the contrasts between the two faune are 
very striking. Bythinus forms, in Europe, thirty per 
cent. of the Pselaphid fauna, whereas in Japan it is 
reduced to six per cent. One-half of the Japanese 
genera are not found in Europe, and nearly three- 
fourths of the European genera have no species in 
Japan; while the group Huplectini, forming one-sixth 
part of the European fauna, has as yet no representative 
in Japan. The two faune, then, have only a slight 
special relationship. Special affinity between the 
Japanese and North American faune of Pselaphide is 
still less, and is limited to the possession by Japan of 
three species of the genus T'mesiphorus. Although the 
Japanese fauna in this department appears thus at 
present to possess a considerable amount of peculiarity 
or endemicity (as I have heard it well termed by Mr. 
Bates), I am far from supposing that this will prove to 
be really the case, for so little do we know of the 
Pselaphide of the Oriental regions of the Eastern hemi- 
sphere that it is quite probable the whole of the peculiar 
Japanese genera may be ultimately found in these 
‘terre: adhuc quoad Pselaphidas incognite,” and that a 
considerable proportion of the actual species may be 
found in China and the Korea. Our views, too, may 
still be largely modified by the discovery of fresh forms 
in Japan itself, for I think it probable that there are at 
any rate 150 species of the family actually indigenous 
there, and compared with this number the 67 as yet 
brought to light appear comparatively unimportant. 


Pselaphide of Japan. 298 


The following is a list of the species arranged gene- 
rically :— 


PorovERvs. 
Ctenistes armatus, Sharp. 
medius, Sharp. 
nH similis, Sharp. 


CTENISTEs. 
Ctenistes mimeticus, n. s. 
a oculatus, Sharp. 


ff discedens, n. s. 
e breviceps, n.s. 
CENTROTOMA. 


Centrotoma prodiga, Sharp. 


STIPEsA. 
Stipesa rudis, Sharp. 


RaAPHITREUS. 


Tmesiphorus speratus, Sharp. 


TMESIPHORUS. 
T'mesiphorus crassicornis, Sharp. 
a princeps, 0.8. 
aa costatus, Weise. 
Lazomimus. 


Labomimus reitteri, n. s. 


Lasinvs. 
Lasinus spinosus, Sharp. 


TyRUvs. 
Tyrus japonicus, un. s. 
Barrisus. 
Batrisus euplectiformis, n. s. 
7 spinicollis, n.s. 
“ longicornis, n. s. 


. angustus, Sharp. 
5 punctipennis, n. 8. 
x palpalis, n. 8. 


“5 acuminatus, n. s. 
“3 vestitus, 0. s. 

- caviceps, 0.8. 

re oscillator, n. 8. 

0 politus n.s. 

a8 concolor, n.'s. 


+ Jissifrons, 0. 8s. 
- ornatus, Sharp. 
. basicornis, n.s. 


Batrisus rugicollis, un. s. 


as ornatifrons, n. s. 
. stipes, Sharp. 

“ solitarius, n. s. 
* gracilis, n. s. 


i dissimilis, Sharp. 
=: puncticollis, n.s. 
i fragilis, n.s. 

- japonicus, 0.8. 

“A fallax, n.s. 

Pi similis, 0. 8. 

“s pedator, n.s. 

Hs modestus, Sharp. 
PA antennatus, Weise. 
3 optatus, Sharp. 


Morana. 
Morana discedens, Sharp. 


ACETALIUS. 
Acetalius dubius, n.s. 


Bryaxis. 
Bryaxis princeps, Sharp. 
- alienus, Sharp. 


3 cubitus, Sharp. 
i mundus, Sharp. 
si affinis, D. s. 

: pullus, Sharp. 

3 curtus, Sharp. 

> crassipes, Sharp. 
a4 latifrons, n. s. 


TRIOMICRUS. 
Triomicrus simplex, n. s. 
ea protervus, Sharp. 


Byruinvs. 
Bythinus affinis, n.s. 
a japonicus, Sharp. 


- subseriatus, Weise. 
ry reversus, N.S. 
PsELAPHUS. 
Pselaphus debilis, n. s. 
; lewisti, n. s. 
DIARTIGER. 


Diartiger fossulatus, n.s. 
Fs spiniger, D. 8. 


— 294 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


PoRODERUS, 0. g. 


Closely allied to Ctenistes, but the 2nd joint of the 
maxillary palpus is destitute of articulated appendage. 
Differs from Hnoptostomus by the great elongation trans- 
versely of the terminal joints of the palpi, by the elon- 
gation of the perpendicular front of the head, by the 
elongate hind trochanters, as well as by the form and 
stature, which are those of Ctenistes. 

The genus will include, so far as at present known, 
only the Japanese species, P. armatus, P. medius, and 
P. similis. 


Ctenistes armatus. 


Ctenistes armatus, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, 
|e Be 


Mr. Lewis has found, at Yokohama, a few specimens, 
male and female, of a Poroderus, the male of which 
agrees pretty well with the typical male specimen of 
P. armatus, except that the antenne are slightly shorter, 
the 7th joint especially being less elongate, and the 
terminal joints of the maxillary palpi scarcely so elon- 
gate externally; they can scarcely be more than a 
variety. In the female joints 4—6 are not quite so short 
as they are in the male, and the 7th joint also is slightly 
longer ; but the 8th joint is quite small, and the terminal 
three joints are each a little shorter than in the male, 
the 9th and 10th both being each ‘only about as long as 
broad. These individuals indicate that the female indi- 
cated by me as being perhaps that of C. armatus (Trans. 
Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 111) is more probably that of 
a closely-allied distinct species; Mr. Lewis has indeed 
found at Hakone a second example of it, but at present 
it had better not be described, a knowledge of the male 
being indispensable. 


Ctenistes medius. 
Ctenistes medius, Sharp, l. ¢. 


Neither this nor the following have been yet found 
again, so that both are still unique. 


Ctenistes similis. 
Ctenistes similis, Sharp, op. cit., p. 112. 


Pselaphide of Japan. 295 


CTENISTES. 


This genus and its allies offer, even at present, great 
practical difficulties in their limitation, each of them 
showing much variety in structure of the forms included 
in them. The Japanese species, even after the separa- 
tion of those assigned to Poroderus, are heterogeneous, 
C. mimeticus being apparently a typical Ctenistes, while 
C. oculatus is very isolated ; and C. discedens approaches 
in some respects to the North American forms of the 
genus ; C. breviceps again belonging apparently to the 
subgenus Sognorus of Reitter. The species seem to 
be of great rarity, with the exception perhaps of C. 
breviceps. 


Ctenistes mimeticus, n. 8. 


@. Rufus, nitidus, sat crebre setulosus; antennis 
minus elongatis, apicem versus incrassatis, articulo 
septimo quam contiguis paulo longiore, undecimo prece- 
dentibus duobus simul sumtis paulo longiore. Long. 
24mm. N.B. femine C. armati fere omnino similis, notis 
generis fere tantum differt. 


Ctenistes medius, 2 ?, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1874, p. 112. 


This insect resembles excessively the female of C. 
armatus, but differs therefrom by the 2nd joint of the 
maxillary palpi being armed with a seta, and by the 
posterior trochanters being shorter and not clavate. 

A specimen was found in the Nagasaki district, April 
12th, 1881; and the insect I queried as being possibly 
the female of C. medius is also an individual of this 
species. The two specimens agree entirely in all 
characters of importance, and are, I presume from the 
structure of their antennz, females. 


Ctenistes oculatus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 110. 
This remarkable insect is still unique, and is very 


distinct from any other Ctenistes known to me; the 
tenuity of its tibiz is very remarkable. 


296 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


Ctenistes discedens, n. s. 


3. Testaceus, crebrius pallido-setulosus, antennis 
elongatis, articulis 90 et 100 precedentibus parum 
longioribus, articulo terminali sat elongato ; capite brevi, 
oculis magnis; prothorace brevi, setuloso sed haud 
sculpturato, elytris hoc duplo longioribus ; pedibus elon- 
gatis tenuibus. Long. 2 mm. 


This is another very aberrant Ctenistes quite dissimilar 
from any other known to me, and cannot be associated 
with the species of either of the two subgenera proposed 
by Reitter, nor with any North American species known 
tome. The antenne are nearly 14 mm., the 3rd joint 
rather longer than the 2nd, it and joints 4—8 scarcely 
differing from one another, each longer than broad ; 9th 
and 10th subequal, each longer (but not greatly so) than 
the 8th; 11th joint about equal in length to them 
together. Head short and broad, with very large eyes. 
Thorax slightly transverse. Three first dorsal segments 
about equal to one another. Hind trochanters mode- 
rately long, stout, not clavate. 

The individual described is no doubt a male; it has 
the anterior trochanters and the base of the femora 
armed beneath with erect sete, the metasternum deeply 
and broadly impressed along the middle, and the ventral 
segments somewhat depressed on the middle for the 
greater part of the length of the hind body. 


Hitoyoshi, 8th May, 1881. 


A specimen found at Kioto on the 10th June, 1881, is 
probably the female of this species; it has the same 
setulosity on the front legs, and the trochanters corre- 
spond, except that those of the middle and hind legs are 
rather shorter; the antenne are different, being much 
shorter ; joints 83—10 slender, each longer than broad ; 
10th about equal in length to the 8rd, but a little 
stouter; terminal joint rather stouter, as long as the 
three preceding together ; metasternum less impressed ; 
ventral segments not impressed. 


Ctenistes breviceps, n. s. 


Flavo-castaneus, elytris rufescentibus, crebrius, sub- 
tiliter flavo-setulosus, palpis testaceis articulis ultimis 
extus parum prolongatis ; capite brevi, lato; prothorace 


Pselaphide of Japan. 297 


transverso, basi vix discrete foveolato, elytris hoe vix 
duplo longioribus. Long. 1} mm. Mas, antennis 
articulis 83—7 brevioribus, 8—11 elongatis inter se sub- 
eequalibus. - 


This species may be placed in the subgenus Sognorus, 
Reitter. Compared with Ctenistes Oberthuri, it is 
slightly larger, with the elytra longer and not so narrow 
in front ; the antennez of the female are formed much as 
in that sex of C. Oberthwri, joints 83—9 differing but 
little from another, while the 10th is rather larger, 
slightly transverse ; terminal joint large and stout, as 
long asthe three preceding together. In the male joints 
4—7 are short and similar to one another ; 8—10 elon- 
gate, subequal, each twice as long as broad; terminal 
joint rather longer than the preceding. . Head quite 
broad and short, the two fovee of the vertex large. 
Thorax evidently transverse. Hlytra densely setulose at 
their hind margin. Posterior trochanters quite short. 
The sexual characters, except as regards the antenne, 
are slight. 


Tokio, 25th March, 1880; Yokohama; Niigata, 13th 
September, 1881 ; in all seven specimens, of which two 
only are males. 


CENTROTOMA. 
Centrotoma prodiga, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 107. 


Mr. Lewis has found a second individual of this 
species, with the claviger ant, on the Shiwojiri-toge, 
30th July, 1881. The species is truly a Centrotoma, 
distinguished from C. lucifuga by the more distant and 
coarser setulosity, and by the less transverse, more bead- 
like, joints of the antenne. 


STIPESA. 
Stipesa rudis, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 109. 


This anomalous insect is still unique, and on looking 
at it again, as 1 am enabled to do by the kindness of 
Mr. Lewis, I can find nothing in my description to alter 
or supplement. It appears to be, as conjectured by 
Herr Reitter, an anomalous member of the Ctenistini, 
having probably, though not certainly, unequal claws 


298 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


to the tarsi; the squamosity of the surface is such 
as is considered diagnostic of the Ctenistint by Herr 
Reitter. 


RaPHITREUS, 0. g. 


This genus is established for T'’mesiphorus speratus, 
Sharp. When describing that insect I alluded to certain 
characters which distinguished it from its North American 
congeners, but did not think it necessary to give it a 
separate generic name; the progress of analysis since 
then renders this now inevitable. The important fact 
that each of the three terminal joints of the maxillary 
palpus is provided externally with a setiform appendage 
differentiates the insect from T'mesiphorus; in this 
respect it somewhat resembles Desimia, Reitter (Tetracis, 
Sharp), but this is the only point of considerable approxi- 
mation between the two, and the structure of the head, 
thorax, and hind body are quite different. The other 
two Japanese T'mesiphori will pretty certainly constitute 
also a genus distinct from T'mesiphorus, as they have 
the mesosternum entirely ecarinate; but as this 
character has not been examined hitherto in the allies, 
they may at present remain in the genus. faphitreus 
has the three terminal joints of the maxillary palpi rather 
stout and acuminate (but not prolonged) externally, and 
each armed with a conspicuous articulated seta; the 
head, thorax, and elytra are formed as in T'mesiphorus, 
and the basal dorsal plates of the hind body are cari- 
nate; the mesosternum also is strongly carinate along 
the middle. Whether T. costatus, Weise, be a Raphi- 
treus or not, I cannot say; the species has not been 
found by Mr. Lewis, and is unknown to me. 


Tmestphorus speratus. 
Tmesiphorus speratus, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1874, p. 109. 

Mr. Lewis has now found three other males of this 
species on Maiyasan, Kobe, 14th July, 1881; Kashi- 
wagi, 28rd June, 1881 ; and at Oyama, 25th May, 1880. 
The female is still unknown. 


Pselaphide of Japan. 299 


‘TMESIPHORUS. 
Tmesiphorus crassicornis, ni. 8. 


Major, sat elongatus, fere nudus, parum nitidus rufus, 
antennis crassis, articulis 2—8 transversis, clava magna ; 
prothorace densissime punctato, elytris abdomineque 
parce obsolete punctatis, illis ad humeros late pro- 
fundeque impressis ; mesosterno ecarinato. Long. 8 mm. 


The peculiar sculpture and the excessively abbre- 
viated clothing (the latter appearing indeed, without 
careful examination, to be entirely absent) render this 
fine species very readily identified; it has moreover the 
eyes less coarsely facetted than the other Tmesiphori ; the 
sculpture of the thorax is excessively dense, so that the 
surface appears rugose and its punctuation less distinct 
than usual; the basal joint of the antenne is elongate, 
about as long as the three following together. 

In the male the antenne are stouter than they are in 
the female, and the club is excessively thick; the 10th 
joint has its outer part sliced off, and this is also the 
case with the basal part of the following joint, and the 
2nd and 3rd ventral segments are slightly depressed on 
the middle. 


Mr. Lewis has found three specimens ; one male with 
a black ant at Suwa Temple, Nagasaki, July 31st, 1871 ; 
a second male, also with a black ant, at Shiba, in Tokio, 
May 21st, 1880; and a female at Nanaye, S. Yezo. 


T'mesiphorus princeps, 0. 8. 


Major, elongatus, fusco-rufus, elytris rufis, crebrius 
breviter pubescens, parum nitidus, antennis elongatis, 
clava (femine) presertim elongata, prothorace densissime 
sculpturato, opaco; elytris abdomineque obsolete punc- 
tatis, illis ad humeros depressis ; mesosterno ecarinato. 
Long. 34 mm. 

Judging from a single female, this is allied to 7’. 
crassicornis, but is abundantly distinct; tbe setiform 
appendages on the 2nd and 8rd joints of the palpi are 
remarkably elongate, and the subocular patches of 
pubescence are greatly developed; and the abdominal 
carine only reach the base of the 2nd segment instead 


300 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


of extending for the greater part of its length, as they do 
in T’. crassicornis. 


Found in company with a black ant at Futai, Sept. 
20th, 1881. 


Tmesiphorus costatus, Weise. 
Weise, Deutsche Ent. Zeit., 1877, p. 99. 
Oshiroyama, near Hagi; found by Hiller. 


I have not seen the species, which has not been met 
with by Mr. Lewis. 


LABOMIMUS, 0. g. 


The characters of this new genus are similar to those 
of Lasinus, with two important exceptions, viz., that 
joints 2—4 of the maxillary palpi are angulate ex- 
ternally, and that the basal dorsal plate of the hind 
body is remarkably elongate, fully as long as the elytra. 
The basal joint of the antenne is elongate, and the head 
is furnished with a very elongate prominence, the 
antenne being inserted on the under surface of the 
anterior part of this prolongation. The trochanters are 
very elongate. The genus is thus a very distinct one to 
be located near Lasinus and Tmesiphorus. 


Labomimus reitteri, n. 8. 


Elongatus, convexus, piceo-rufus, nitidulus, evidenter 
pubescens, prothorace obsolete trifoveolato ; elytris stria 
suturali impressa, aliaque discoidali abbreviata, his striis 
ad basin foveolatis, abdomine segmento primo dorsali 
valde elongata, basi utrinque plicula elavata sat elongata. 
Long. 33 mm. 


Antenne stout, dark red, very elongate ; basal joint 
about as long as the four following together, the three 
terminal joints forming a long slender club. Head 
coarsely and closely granulose-punctate, opaque; gene 
angularly prominent beneath. Thorax narrow, longer 
than broad, very convex, the convex dise without sculp- 
ture, the rest granulose-punctate, an obscure fovea on 
each side (not near the base), and a more distinct one in 
the middle near the base. Elytra rather longer than the 
thorax, much narrowed at the shoulders, very sparingly 


Pselaphide of Japan. 301 


punctate. Hind body nearly black, sparingly pubescent. 
Legs elongate. 


The unique example is, I presume, a male; the ante- 
rior trochanters have a short slender spine beneath, the 
femora a very long one; the middle trochanters have at 
the extremity a slender spine, and before this one or two 
acute asperities ; the corresponding femora are angulate 
in the middle, and armed with a minute spine. 


Hakoné, May, 1880. 


I have much pleasure in naming this fine Pselaphid in 
honour of Herr Edmond Reitter, of Vienna, whose 
recently published ‘Attempt at a Systematic Arrange- 
ment’ of the family supplies a valuable clue for the 
determination of the numerous genera of the family. 


LAsINUvs. 
Lasinus spinosus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 106. 


Mr. Lewis found this species on several occasions 
about Nagasaki, in the months of March and April, 1881, 
and also at Kuroheiji, Miyanoshita, Kiga, Kioto, Kobe, 
Osaka, and Oyama, in Sagami; at Osaka it was found 
as late in the season as the 8th July. 


It shows considerable variation in certain points, and, 
as the characters distinctive of the sexes are of a very 
peculiar and even contradictory character, it is desirable 
to briefly notice them. The male has a polished space 
on the inner face of the 10th joint of the antenna, near 
its apex; this space is variable in size, and where it is 
most developed the spot is also excavate, and the upper 
margin of the excavation is prolonged ; occasionally this 
joint is simple: the anterior trochanter bears an acute 
spine, and the femur a still longer one; the middle 
trochanter is very strongly angulate beneath, and the 
femur has a very minute acute denticle. The armature of 
the female legs differs in that the spines are usually rather 
longer, and that the middle trochanter bears two spines, 
of which the outer one is rather elongate; thus the legs 
in this sex are more spinose than in the male. In each 
of the sexes the antenne vary much in the elongation 
of their joints. 


TRANS. ENT. SOc. 1883.—PaRT II. (AUG.) Z 


302 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


Tyrvs. 
Tyrus japonicus, n. s. 

Rufus, abdomine fusco-rufo, evidenter pubescens, pro- 
thorace impunctato, basi linea curvata impressa parum 
distincta ; elytris humeris sat prominulis, intra humeros 
depressis, ad basin minute quadrifoveolatis, stria sutural, 
aliaque discoidali abbreviata ; abdomine segmento primo 
dorsali in medio ad basin plicula elevata parum con- 
spicua. Long. 2 mm. 

Mas, antennarum clava elongata, articulis 9 et 10 
latitudine longioribus, femoribus anterioribus parum 
perspicue bituberculatis, trochanteribus intermediis 
longius bispinosis, abdomine longitudinaliter in medio 
depresso. 


This species, allied to the European Pselaphus mucro- 
natus, Panz.,isnevertheless abundantly distinct therefrom 
by the rufescent colour, by the pubescent surface, less 
elongate thorax, and by the male characters ; it has, too, 
the maxillary palpi larger, though similarly formed, and 
their articulated apical seta remarkably conspicuous. 

Nagasaki, March, 1881 ; Hitoyoshi, May 16th; Kobe, 
June 6th; Wada togée, Aug. Ist. In each case a single 
specimen only was found. 


BatTrisus. 


The fine series of species of this genus, discovered by 
Mr. Lewis, shows that these forms constitute the most 
important portion of the Pselaphid fauna of Japan. 
They exhibit much variety in their structural characters, 
while the secondary sexual characters of the males show 
a multiplicity of various extraordinary and inexplicable 
structures of different kinds, and situate in diverse parts 
of the body, forming a series that is, I think, without 
equal in any other genus of Coleoptera. Although 
species of the genus Batrisus are in the European fauna 
but few, yet in many other parts of the world they form 
a large and important part of the Pselaphide, and a 
division or arrangement of the species is necessary, if 
only to facilitate their determination. Several genera 
and subgenera have been erected for the species, based 
chiefly on the European and North American forms, but 
they cannot be looked on at present as satisfactory, and 
a monographic revision of the whole of the genus will 


Pselaphide of Japan. 303 


be necessary before satisfactory results can be hoped for. 
The Japanese species do not fall satisfactorily into any 
of the genera or subgenera already established, and as 
it would be clearly, under the circumstances, unadvisable 
to create more new names, I have grouped the species in 
a preliminary manner so as to facilitate their study. 
Unfortunately the individuals of the species at my 
disposal are very few, the Batrisi in Japan, as elsewhere, 
apparently occurring to the collector only occasionally, 
and even then only in ones and twos. 


I. 1st dorsal segment of hind body but little longer than the 
2nd; 1st, 2nd, and even 8rd segments with very 
slightly raised, but true, lateral margins ; no spur at 
extremity of hind tibia; terminal joint of maxillary 
palpi short. B. euplectiformis only. 


Batrisus euplectiformis, n.s. 


Minus convexus, evidenter pubescens, rufescens, ely- 
tris sanguineis; antennis crassiusculis articulis tribus 
ultimis conspicue latioribus; vertice profunde lateque cur- 
vatim impresso; prothorace ante basin in medio canalicu- 
lato, versus basin fortiter angustato, lateribus in medio 
angulatis ; elytris subtiliter punctulatis, stria suturali 
subtili, pliculaque discoidali valde abbreviata, humeris 
minute angulatis ; abdomine segmento duobus basalibus 
subequalibus, segmentis 1—3 ad latera submarginatis. 
Long. 2 mm. 

Mas, trochanteribus posterioribus subspinosis, seg- 
mentis ventralibus in medio depressis. Fem. incog. 


This interesting species can be confounded with no 
other, by reason of the abdominal structure and the 
Euplectus- or Trichonyx-like form; it has no trace of 
a spur on the hind tibie. 


A single individual only has been found on the bluff at 
Yokohama, May, 1880. 


II. 1st dorsal segment only about twice as long as the 2nd ; 
side-piece of 1st segment very narrow, so as to form 
nearly or quite a lateral margin; such may also be 
distinguished, though very obscure, on the 2nd segment. 
Hind tibia without apical spur (or with only the rudi- 
ment thereof).  Mazillary palpi rather elongate. 
B. spinicollis, B. longicornis, and B. angustus. 


304 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


The species of this group prove clearly that De Sauley 
is correct in considering that the side-piece marked off 
by the curved plica of the 1st dorsal plate is really the 
homologue of the lateral margin; in B. spinicollis and 
B. longicornis this line is very close to the outside, and 
thus marks off a lateral margin, which is slightly raised ; 
in B. angustus the line is further from the side, and 
makes the transition to the more ordinary species of the 
genus, in which a side-margin appears to be entirely 
wanting. 


Batrisus spinicollis, n.s. 


Rufescens, elytris sanguineis, longius pubescens, minus 
subtiliter punctatus ; antennis elongatis, articulo singulo 
latitudine longiore; prothorace ad basin fortiter-angus- 
tato, ineequali, disco profunde canaliculato, angulis ele- 
vatis quatuor armatis, lateribus impressis, medio lateris 
angulo prominulo ; elytris minus elongatis, minus sub- 
tiliter punctatis, humeris parum angustatis, angulo 
prominulo minuto, striola discoidali brevi, obscura, basi 
quadrifoveolato ; abdomine minus subtiliter punctulato, 
segmento secundo dorsali minus brevi, segmento basali 
parum elongato, secundo haud duplo longiore, plicula 
laterali a margine parum remota. Long. 22 mm. 


The unique individual of this very distinct species is 
apparently a female; the forehead is depressed in the 
middle, the clypeus simple, the vertex carinate in the 
middle, but not at the sides, and the legs are quite 
unarmed. 


Hitoyoshi, 7th May, 1881. 


Batrisus longicornis, u.s. 


Anegustus, convexus, rufus, longius pubescens, antennis 
pedibusque elongatis, gracilibus; prothorace ad basin 
fortiter angustato, inzequali, opaco, disco profunde cana- 
liculato, utrinque carinula elongata posterius angulatim 
elevata, ad latera impresso; elytris parce haud fortiter 
punctatis, stria suturali subtili, discoidali fere nulla; 
abdomine minus subtiliter punctulato, segmento secundo 
dorsali minus brevi, segmento basali parum elongato, 
secundo vix duplo longiore, plicula laterali ad marginem 
approximata. Long. 2 mm, 


Pselaphide of Japan. 305 


Mas, metasterno basi in medio angulariter bipromi- 
nulo, trochanteribus posterioribus spinosis, abdomine 
segmento ultimo ventrali impresso. 


Another very distinct species, allied, however, in many 
respects to B. spinicollis ; the hind tibiz are armed with 
a very short spur. 


Two males of this species were found at Miyanoshita ; 
and a female at Ichiuchi, on the Kumagawa, 1st May, 
1881. 


Batrisus angustus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 113. 


A second specimen of this species was found at Kiga ; 
and another, with the front of the head rather differently 
formed, at Nagasaki, on the 18th April, 1881. lam by 
no means sure whether this latter individual is the male 
of B. angustus or another species altogether. 


III. 1st dorsal segment twice or three times as long as 2nd, 
its side-piece quite broad, though very distinct. Hind 
tihe with long apical spur; maxillary palpi with 
more or less elongate terminal joint. B. puncti- 
pennis, B. palpalis, B. acuminatus, and B. vestitus. 


The four species here associated are very distinct, B. 
palpalis having a peculiarly slender elongate terminal 
joint to the maxillary palpi, B. acwminatus an unusually 
conical hind body, and B. vestitus a largely-developed 
basal joint to the antenna, an enlarged cavity for its in- 
sertion (in the male at any rate), and a tibial spur less 
elongate than in the other species; it approaches in 
most respects to the species of Group VI., and its 
affinities will require more consideration. 


Batrisus punctipennis, n. 8. 


Gracilis, rufus, parce sed evidenter pubescens, antennis 
fere gracilibus ; palpis articulo ultimo elongato, gracili, 
capite lateribus pone oculos conspicue setigeris, vertice 
utrinque longitudinaliter carinato ; prothorace elongato, 
elytris hoc longioribus, intra humeros impressis, fortiter 
punctatis ; abdomine segmento primo dorsali sequenti- 
bus duobus paulo longiore, ad latera utrinque linea cur- 
vata a margine remota ; tibiis posterioribus apice calcari 
elongato. Long. 2mm. 


306 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


This species, of which I have seen but two individuals 
of doubtful sex, much resembles B. angustus, but the 
hind tibie are armed with an elongate apical spur, and 
the curved line on the 1st dorsal plate is widely distant 
from the outside; the front of the head, too, in B. 
punctipennis is simple, but this may be only due to a 
difference of sex. The elongation of the terminal joint 
of the maxillary palpi approximates the species to B. 
palpalis, next which, notwithstanding the great difference 
in size, I have placed it. 

The two individuals found have a very slight mucro- 
nation of the apex-of the middle tibie. 


Miyanoshita and Hakone. 


Batrisus palpalis, u. s. 


Major, densius pubescens, rufus, abdomine piceo, an- 
tennis sat crassis, elongatis, palpis articulo ultimo elon- 
gato, gracili; capite minus brevi, posterius angustato, 
oculis in medio laterum sitis, post oculos longius seti- 
gero; prothorace elongato, medio canaliculato, utrinque 
versus basin angulo elevato, ad latera longitudinaliter 
impresso ; elytris striola (fere plicula) discoidali abbre- 
viata, evidenter punctatis ; abdomine segmento basali 
parum elongato. Long. 3} mm. 

Mas, antennarum articulo ultimo elongato, oblique 
acuminato, intus ad basin processu prominulo ; femori- 
bus intermediis ad basin margine posteriore spina tenui 
armato. Fem. incog. 


This fine and distinct species, by the shape of its head, 
reminds one of Amawrops, from which, however, it is 
very different by its robust make, and the comparatively 
short 1st dorsal segment. The large vertex of the head 
is shining, and separated by an elongate angular mark 
from the elevated antennal portion; this latter is in 
front much elevated and punctate, and bears behind an 
elongate carina; the forehead grades off to the clypeus 
without any interruption ; the curved plica on each side 
of the basal dorsal plate is very far removea from the 
side ; this plate is only a little longer than the 2nd and 
8rd together, the 4th is more elongate than the 3rd, 
distinctly but not greatly shorter than the 1st ; the apical 
spur of the hind tibie is very elongate. 


A single specimen was found at Mayebashi, Aug. 28th, 
1881. 


Pselaphide of Japan. 307 


Batrisus acuminatus, n. s. 


Rufus, evidenter sed minus dense pubescens, antennis 
sat crassis, haud elongatis, palpis articulo ultimo sat 
elongato; capite minus brevi, posterius angustato, 
oculis in medio laterum sitis, post oculos longius seti- 
gero ; prothorace sat elongato, medio canaliculato, utrin- 
que breviter carinulata, carinula posterius angulatim 
elevata, ad latera longitudinaliter impressa; elytris for- 
titer punctatis, striola (fere plicula) discoidali abbreviata ; 
abdomine conico, acuminato, segmento basali parum 
elongato, sequentibus duobus vix equali. Long. 24 mm. 
Mas, incog. 

The unique female appears to indicate a species closely 
allied to B. palpalis, and ‘as of that species only the 
male, and of B. acuminatus only the female, is known, 
it is probable that the differences are in part sexual; B. 
acumunatus is, however, much smaller, has a scantier 
pubescence, more strongly punctured elytra, and a 
peculiarly conical hind body. The apical spur of the 
hind tibiz is very elongate, as in B. palpalis, and the 
curved plica of the basal dorsal plate is very widely 
removed from the side. The antenne are not so long as 
head and thorax ; joints 4 and 5 are each about as long 
as broad, 6—8 very slightly shorter, 9th and 10th rather 
broader, the latter evidently transverse; terminal joint 
stout, obliquely acuminate, not so long as the three 
preceding together. 


Nagasaki, 28th February, 1881. 


Batrisus vestitus, n. s. 


Major, robustus, rufescens, densius pubescens, palpis 
articulo ultimo sat elongato; prothorace medio tenuiter 
canaliculato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ; elytris 
humeris haud denticulatis, striola discoidali abbreviata, 
basi tantum quadrifoveolato ; abdomine segmento basali 
sequentibus duobus quali; tibiis posticis calcari apicali 
. minus elongato. Long. 3 mm. 

Mas, antennis articulo basali crasso, facie anteriore 
subproducto, capite supra antennas crasse elevato, inter 
eas anterius depresso, clypeo verticali, carina elongata, 
transversa, sinuata munito, in medio altiore; tibiis 
anterioribus intus in medio denticulatis, abdomine seg- 


308 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


mento ultimo ventrali fovea magna et profunda depressa. 
Fem. incog. 


The antenne are stout ; joints 2—8 but little different 
from one another, being each about as long as broad ; 
9th joint very slightly, 10th a little more distinctly, 
broader ; terminal joint scarcely broader, as long as the 
two preceding together, acuminate. 


This species appears in the male sex to be very distinct ; 
two specimens have been found. Hakone, amongst 
rotten wood; Chiuzenji, 24th Aug., 1881. 


1V. 1st dorsal segment about twice as long as the 2nd; 
side-piece broad or moderately broad. Hind tibia 
without apical spur. Front of head in male remark- 
able. B. caviceps and B. oscillator. 


In B. oscillator the line marking off the side-piece of 
the ist dorsal segment does not extend to the hind 
margin. 

Batrisus caviceps, n.s. 

Major, gracilis, densius pubescens, rufus, antennis sat 
crassis, elongatis, palpis articulo ultimo sat elongato ; 
capite minus brevi, posterius angustato, sed truncato, 
angulis posterioribus minute prominulis, dense pube- 
scentibus, antennis a labro fissura profunda divisis ; 
prothorace elongato, medio canaliculato, utrinque versus 
basin angulo elevato minuto, ad latera impresso; ely- 
tris crebrius evidenter punctatis, absque striola dis- 
coidali; abdomine elongato, segmento dorsali primo 
parum elongato, sequentibus duobus vix equali. Long. 
3 mm. 


This is another very peculiar species, of which only a 
single specimen has been found; it is very remarkable 
by the structure of the head, which is thickened in the 
vertical direction, and so formed that the upper portion, 
on which the antenne are inserted, is separated by a 
deep fissure from the labrum ; the fissure can only be 
seen by looking at the head from the front ; the antenne 
have the basal joint rather long and stout, joints 2—9 
each longer than broad, 10th about as long as broad, 
terminal joint stouter, acuminate, as long as the two 
preceding. The sides of the head are densely pubescent, 
and the under surface likewise. The lateral plica of the ~ 


Pselaphide of Japan. 309 


abdominal basal segment is at the base only moderately 
distant from the side. 
The sex of the unique individual is uncertain. 


Yuyama, May 12th, 1881. 


Batrisus oscillator, n. 8. 


Robustus, densius pubescens, subtiliter punctatus, 
subopacus, rufescens ; prothorace medio tenuiter canali- 
culato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis;  elytris 
crebrius subtiliter punctulatis, humeris haud denticu- 
latis, intra humeros depressis sed vix plicatis, basi fere 
absque foveolis; abdomine segmento basali sequentibus 
duobus equali; tibiis posticis calcari apicali perbrevi. 
Long. 2+ mm. 

Mas, antennis articulo basali inflato, faciei anterioris 
angulo externo producto, capite supra antennas valde 
prominulo, inter eas profunde depresso, sub antennas 
longius penicillato; clypeo verticali, carina elongata, 
transversa, in medio processu libero parvo armata ; 
abdomine segmento ultimo ventrali late impresso. Fem. 
incog. 


This species is remarkable from the finer and close 
punctuation of the surface; the head is without any 
coarse punctuation, even on the greatly elevated antennal 
protuberances ; it is allied by the structure of the head 
and antenne to B. vestitus, from which it is readily 
distinguished by the very stout apical spur of the hind 
tibie. 

Two specimens found with a Formica under a stone on 
the Mikuni togé, 22nd Sept., 1881. 


V. Surface of body glabrous. B. politus and B. concolor. 


The above character distinguishes the two species 
from all the others ata glance ; they have also a peculiar 
formation of the head, the vertex being truncate behind, 
and separated from the neck by an abrupt, very short 
constriction or incision; there is no spur to the hind 
tibie. In other respects the two species are not closely 
allied. 


310 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


Batrisus politus, n. s. 


Rufo-sanguineus, levigatus, nitidus, antennis crassi- 
oribus ; prothorace impressione hastata discoidali ; abdo- 
mine elongato, basi foveolis magnis, profundis. Long. 
23 mm. 

Mas, pedibus intermediis femoribus in medio breviter 
spinosis, tibiis intus ad apicem late emarginatis. 


This species, which is in many structural features 
allied to the European B. formicarius, is readily dis- 
tinguished by the polished shining and impunctate sur- 
face ; the hind tibiw are without apical spurs; the 2nd 
and following joints of the antenne are remarkably thick, 
each being much broader than long, the 9th and 10th 
still rather broader, the terminal joint very thick, pointed 
on one side. Head without any distinct impressions ; 
the antenne very widely separated. Thorax with a 
broad discoidal depression, which terminates behind by 
meeting an angulate transverse impression. Hind body 
with the 1st ventral sezment with a very deep transverse 
impression behind the suture, and a rather longer and 
still deeper one on each side of it; this segment is about 
equal in length to the two following together ; 4th seg- 
ment nearly twice as long as the 3rd. 


Three specimens were found with an ant at Chiuzenji, 
Aug. 22nd, 1881; and single specimens were also found 
at Hakone, Miyanoshita (in May, 1880), and Nishimura, 
15th June, 1881, in old wood or dead trees. 


Batrisus concolor, n. 8. 


Rufus, levigatus, sat nitidus, antennis crassiusculis, 
articulis 2—6 subquadratis; prothorace fere mutico, 
tantum obsolete canaliculato, ante basin foveolato; ely- 
tris absque stria discoidali, et ad humeros vix depressis ; 
abdomine basi haud foveolato. Long. 24 mm. 


Allied, in respect of the form of the head and the very 
widely separated antenne, to B. politus, but very distinct 
by the abdominal structure. Joints 9 and 10 of the 
antenne are broader than the preceding, strongly trans- 
verse ; terminal joint also very stout, acuminate. Head 
almost without impressions. Hlytra remarkably even, 
with a sutural stria, which is minutely deepened at the 
base, but can scarcely be said to be foveolate, without. 


Pselaphide of Japan. 311 


trace of any other stria or basal fovee. Hind body 
with 1st segment scarcely equal in length to the two 
following together; the 4th but little longer than the 
3rd; segments 2—4 obscurely punctulate; the basal 
one smooth, like the anterior parts. Hind tibie without 
apical spur. 


A single specimen was found at Yokohama with a 
black ant, April 2nd, 1880. It is probably a female. 


VI. 1st dorsal segment twice or nearly three times as long 
as the 2nd ; its side-piece only moderately broad, or 
quite narrow ; hind tibie with elongate apical spur. 
Male characters on front of head very remarkable, 
and frequently with great development of the basal 
joint of the antenne. LB. fissifrons, B. ornatus, B. 
basicornis, B. rugicollis, B. ornatifrons, and B. 
stipes. 

I have already stated that B. vestitus, placed in 
Group III., approaches the species of this group in 
many respects. 

Batrisus fissifrons, n. 8. 

Nigricans, elytris sanguineis, antennis pedibusque 
rufis, longius pubescens; antennis sat validis ad apicem 
longius pubescentibus ; prothorace impunctato, medio 
canaliculato, utrinque breviter carinulato ad latus im- 
presso ; elytris fere impunctatis ; tibiis posticis calcari 
apicali elongato. Long. 24 mm. 

Mas, antennis articulo basali elongato, crasso, angulo 
interno parum producto, clypeo anterius in medio pro- 
cessu triangular latiore, tuberculis supra antennas, latis, 
planis, productis, rude granulosis, capite inter eas pro- 
funde depresso et anterius processu minuto parum con- 
Spicuo minuto; trochanteribus intermediis apice libero, 
curvato ; metasterno late impresso ; abdomine segmento 
basali ventrali in medio plicato-elevato, plicula ad 
apicem pubescente, segmento apicali medio levigato, 
versus apicem bituberculato. 


A single male of this species was found in Higo in 
1882 by a native collector; it is closely allied to 
B. ornatus, but is rather larger and broader and blacker 
in colour ; the basal joint of the antenne of the male is 
rather broader, but its produced angle is less prominent, 
the flat antennal tubercles are broader and more coarsely 


312 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


sculptured, and the elevation on the front of the head is 
much broader ; the elevation on the basal ventral seg- 
ment is conspicuous, and the tubercles on the apical 
segment, instead of being near the base, are near the 
extremity. 


Batrisus ornatus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 114. 


A few additional specimens of this species were found 
about Nagasaki in March and April, 1881, and single 
specimens, which are probably females of the species, 
occurred also at Nikko and Yanoshiku in the autumn 
of the year, as well as one at Bukenji, near Yokohama... 


Batrisus basicornis, n. 8. 


Angustulus, rufescens, evidenter pubescens, antennis 
sat validis; vertice impunctato, subtiliter carinato, 
tuberculis antennalibus latis, dense punctatis, fronte 
medio depressiusculo; prothorace medio canaliculato, 
utrinque breviter carinulata, carinula posterius tenuiter 
spinosa, ad latera impressa, fere impunctata; elytris 
plicula discoidali abbreviata, basi minute sex-foveolatis ; 
abdomine segmento dorsali basali sequentibus duobus 
equali; tibiis posticis caleari apicali longo. Long. 
2+ mm. 

Mas, antennarum articulo basali valde dilato-laminato, 
facie anteriore producto, densius glanduloso-granulato, 
tuberculis antennalibus latis prominulis; clypeo pro- 
cessu transverso superne in elevationem tenuem pro- 
longato; trochanteribus intermediis angulato-promi- 
nulis; segmento ventrali apicali in medio tuberculis 
elongatis, prominulis. 


The male of this species is readily distinguished by 
the great development of the basal joint of the antenne 
and the different form of the ornament on the clypeus ; 
the female is apparently only to be distinguished from 
the corresponding sex of B. ornatus by the considerably 
greater breadth of the process of the head that separates 
the insertion of the antenne. 


Three specimens were found at Miyanoshita in April 
and May, 1880. 


Pselaphide of Japan. 313 


Batrisus rugicollis, n. s. 

Angustulus, longius parum dense pubescens, rufescens, 
elytris magis sanguineis; capite thoraceque ubique 
densissime fortiter punctatis, opacis; elytris parcissime 
punctulatis, plicula discoidali abbreviata; abdomine 
segmento basali sequentibus duobus equali. Long. 
2+ mm. 

Mas, fronte inter antennas producto, anterius de- 
presso et acuminato, clypeo utrinque sub antennas 
prominulo, in medio processu erecto ad apicem paulo 
latiore ; trochanteribus intermediis spinosis. 

This species is readily recognised by the extremely 
dense and coarse sculpture of the head and thorax. 
Antenne similar in the two sexes ; 1st joint very stout, 
simple ; 2nd stout, bead-like, about as long as broad ; 
3—9 very little different from one another, each about 
as long as broad; 10th slightly broader; 11th a little 
broader, obliquely acuminate, rather longer than the 
two preceding together. Head nearly flat, except for 
an indistinct angular mark, terminated on each side 
behind by a very obscure fovea. Thorax rather short, 
a good deal dilated at the sides, the central channel 
indistinct on account of the sculpture. Basal segment 
with the side-piece marked off by a curved plica, rather 
narrow. 

Four specimens; Oyama, in Sagami, and Miyano- 
shita, May, 1880. 


Batrisus ornatifrons, n. 8. 


Longius, parum dense pubescens; capite profunde 
angulariter impresso, anterius fortiter punctato, vertice 
medio subtiliter carinulato; thorace minus fortiter 
asperato-punctato, medio canaliculato, utrinque sub- 
tiliter carinulato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ; 
elytris parcissime punctulatis, plicula discoidali abbre- 
viata ; abdomine segmento basali sequentibus duobus 
equali. Long. 2 mm. 

Mas, fronte inter antennas producto, anterius de- 
presso et acuminato, clypeo utrinque sub antennas 
prominulo, in medio processu erecto ad apicem minute 
fureato ; trochanteribus intermediis spinosis. 


This species appears to be very closely allied to B. 
rugicollis, but has greatly diminished sculpture of the 


314 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


thorax and head, and some slight differences in the 
peculiarities of the structure of the head in the male. 
Only one individual has been found ; it is entirely yellow, 
probably from being rather immature. 


-Chiuzenji, Aug. 21st, 1881. 


Batrisus stipes, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 115. 


This has not been found again, and knowledge of the 
species is limited to two female examples, whose locality 
has not been recorded. 


VII. 1st dorsal segment rather elongate, as long as the three 
following together; side-piece rather narrow. Hind 
tibia with elongate apical spur. B. solitarius and 
B. gracilis. 

These two species, known only by unique examples, 
differ from the others by their more slender build and 
greater elongation of the basal dorsal segment. They 
differ from Amaurops, Reitter, by the possession of well- 
marked eyes, and by their less elongate hind body. 


Batrisus solitarius, n. s. 


Suberacilis, castaneus, nitidus, tenuiter sed evidenter 
pubescens ; antennis subgracilibus, articulo ultimo elon- 
gato, acuminato ; prothorace ante basin foveolato, medio 
absque canalicula, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ; 
abdomine segmento primo dorsali sat elongato, medio 
utrinque plicula elevata, brevi. Long. 24 mm. 


A distinct species, making some approach in appear- 
ance to the species of Amaurops. Antenne with the 
basal joint moderately long, stout; 2nd more slender, 
but stouter than the following, longer than broad ; 
38—8 rather slender; 9th scarcely broader, but longer 
than the 8th, rather longer than broad; 10th not 
stout, subquadrate ; terminal joint much larger, elongate, 
and acuminate. Head narrowed behind the rather small 
eyes, which are situated in the middle of the sides; all 
the vertex broadly impunctate and shining ; the antennal 
tubercles elevate and rugose ; the vertex carinate in the 
middle and conspicuously foveolate on each side; the 
outside also carinate, the outstanding sete of the gene 


Pselaphide of Japan. 315 


very conspicuous. Elytra narrow in front, curved at the 
sides, convex, the discoidal plicula excessively short ; 
shoulders without trace of prominent angle. 1st dorsal 
segment rather elongate, its curved lateral plica mode- 
rately distant from the side ; 2nd segment fully one-third 
the length of the 1st. Hind tibie with rather long 
apical spur. 

Only a single individual has been found; though the 
head is simple in front, it is possibly a male, as the 
intermediate femora are armed at a little distance from 
the base with a rather long spine. 


Kiga, May, 1880. 


Batrisus gracilis, n. 8. 

Gracilis, rufo-castaneus, nitidus, parcius sed longius 
pubescens ; antennis subgracilibus, articulo ultimo elon- 
gato, acuminato, basali crasso et longo, sequentibus 
longitudine quali; prothorace ante basin foveolato, 
dorso canaliculato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ; 
abdomine segmento dorsali sat elongato, medio utrinque 
plicula elevata brevi. Long. 24 mm. 


Of this insect only a single specimen is present ; it is 
no doubt a male, and is closely allied to B. solitarius, 
but is rather more slender, and with the pubescence 
rather longer and more scanty. The basal joint of the 
antenne is much longer, and the apical joint is armed 
at the base internally with a slender projection; the 
thorax is evidently channelled on the disc; the plicule 
on the basal dorsal segment are less distant, and the 
surface between them is more depressed, the apical spur 
of the hind tibie is more elongate, and the middle 
femora are armed near their middle with a very long 
spine. 


Miyanoshita, May, 1880. 


VIII. Eyes large, placed at the back of the head, not in the 
middle of the sides, as in all the other groups ; 1st 
dorsal segment very elongate, about six times as long 
as the very short second ring. No spur on hind 
tibie. B. dissimilis, B. puncticollis, B. fragilis, 
B. japonicus, B. fallax, B. similis, B. pedator, 
B. modestus, B. antennatus, B. optatus. 


316 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


The species of this group apparently form a well- 
marked genus, which may probably, however, be con- 
nected with Batrisus by species unknown to me, so that 
I do not give it a name. The only species I know 
belonging to it in addition to the Japanese forms are 
two from Siam. The male characters in B. optatus, and 
even in B. modestus, are of a most remarkable character ; 
and in B. pedator we find, on the hind femora of the 
male, a peculiarity of structure which, as regards its 
function, is probably the same as the peculiar structure 
of the antenne of B. antennatus and the front tibie of 
B. modestus. Like the other Batrisi, the species are 
probably submyrmecophilous in their habits; two of 
them were found in company with Diartiger. 


Batrisus dissimilis, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 116. 


Two other individuals have been found of this species, 
and as, like the former specimens, they possess no 
peculiar sexual marks, I am inclined to think they are 
all females, and that the male is still unknown. 


Miyanoshita, May, 1880; Kobe, 12th July, 1881. 


Batrisus puncticollis, n. 8. 


Brunneo-castaneus, evidenter pubescens; gracilis, 
antennis sat elongatis; capite thoraceque fortiter punc- 
tatis, hoc parte basali angusto haud brevi, dorso canali- 
culato, lateribus utrinque longitudinaliter impressis ; 
elytris parum punctatis, stria discoidali elongata ; abdo- 
minis segmento primo dorsali in medio utrinque plicula 
arguta sat elongata. Long. 2mm. 


Second joint of antenne about as long as the 3rd and 
4th together. Head very densely punctate, without trans- 
verse impression ; vertex obscurely bifoveolate. Thorax 
coarsely punctured, but not so densely as the head. 
Elytra quite indistinctly punctate. The 1st dorsal seg- 
ment very elongate, and with the two fine raised lines or 
plice more distinct and elongate than usual. 

Although the male of this species has not been found, 
yet the female is so certainly distinct that I have no 
hesitation in naming it. On account of the coarsely- 
punctured thorax, it can only be confounded with B. 
modestus and B. dissimilis ; it is larger than the former, 


Pselaphide of Japan. 317 


has the antenne longer, and with longer 2nd joint, the 
basal portion of the thorax more elongate, and the 
raised lines on the 1st dorsal segment more elongate. It 
is smaller and more slender than B. dissimilis, and has 
the 2nd joint of the antenne longer and stouter than the 
3rd, instead of the two being subequal, as is the case in 
B. dissimilis, and the head is quite without the two large 
transverse depressions that are so conspicuous in the 
latter species. 


Three specimens were found at Kashiwagi on the 
18th June, 1881. 


Batrisus fragilis, n. s. 


Rufescens, nitidus, evidenter pubescens, antennis 
pedibus palpisque testaceis; capite anterius fortiter 
punctato, vertice bifoveolato; prothorace impuncteto, 
dorso canaliculato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ; 
elytris ad basin quadrifoveolatis, stria discoidali elongata. 
Long. 2 mm. 

Mas, tibiis intermediis apice interno talent 
abdomino segmento secundo dorsali in medio paulo 
quam ad latera longiore, tertio ad basin linea transversa 
depressa ; segmento ultimo ventrali sat elongato, in 
medio utrinque obscure carinulato, carinulis setulosis, 
inter eas depresso. 


Antenne slender; basal joint short; 2nd longer than 
the 3rd; 7th rather longer than those adjacent to it ; 
club slender, rather strongly pubescent; the 9th joint 
longer than broad; 10th also slender in the female, 
rather broader in the male; terminal joint acuminate. 
Head with a slight transverse channel marking off the 
clypeus, which is coarsely punctate, the vertex very 
little punctate. Thorax rather elongate, slender. Ely- 
tra quite without angle at the shoulder; the discoidal 
stria deep and elongate, but not quite reaching the 
extremity. 

Of this species Mr. Lewis found fourteen specimens, 
seven of each sex. 


Yokohama, 7th April, 1880; Kioto, 2nd July, 1881 ; 
Nugata, 6th and 18th Sept. 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT Ill. (AUG.) 2A 


318 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


Batrisus japonicus, ni. 8. 


Rufescens, nitidus, evidenter pubescens, antennis 
pedibus palpisque testaceis; capite anterius fortiter 
punctato, vertice bifoveolato; prothorace impunctato, 
dorso canaliculato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ; 
elytris ad basin quadrifoveolatis, stria discoidali elongata. 
Long. 2 mm. 

Mas, tibiis intermediis apice interno mucronato, abdo- 
mine segmento secundo dorsali margine posteriore la- 
mina magna depressa, e setulis adpressis composita. 


This species almost exactly resembles B. fragilis, 
except in the characters of the male, but these are so 
different as to leave no doubt of specific distinction 
between the two; the dense scale-like patch of the 2nd 
dorsal plate is very conspicuous in B. japonicus, and 
probably covers a transverse depression on the following 
segment, but this cannot be seen: the terminal ventral 
seoment is not elongate, and is nearly simple. 

Six males (but no female) were found of this species ; 
an individual from Hakone (not found with the male 
from there) may possibly be the female of B. japonicus, 
although it presents scarcely any difference from the 
corresponding sex of B. fragilis. 


Hakone and Miyanoshita; also Nagasaki. 


Batrisus fallax, n. 8. 


Rufescens, nitidus, evidenter pubescens, antennis pedi- 
bus palpisque testaceis; capite anterius fortiter punc- 
tato, vertice bifoveolato; prothorace impunctato, dorso 
canaliculato, lateribus longitudinaliter impressis ; elytris 
ad basin quadrifoveolatis, stria discoidali elongata. 
Long. 2 mm. 

Mas, tibiis intermediis apice interno mucronato, abdo- 
mine segmento tertio dorsali fovea transversa magna et 
profunda, cujus margine posteriore curvato, In medio 
vix elevato, segmento secundo margine posteriore in 
medio utrinque setulis depressis sat elongatis ; sezmento 
ultimo ventrali haud elongato, in medio utrinque carinu- 
lato, carinulis obscure setulosis, inter eas depresso. 

This species again is similar in all respects, except 
the male characters, to B. fragilis and B. japonicus; the 
specimens are eight in number, and all are males, 


Pselaphide of Japan. 319 


except that at Fukushima a female as well as a male was 
found ; this individual exhibits, however, no difference 
from the corresponding sex of B. fragilis. 

Junsai, on old trees; Miyanoshita, May, 1880; Fuku- 
shima, 28th July, 1881. 


Batrisus similis, n. 8. 


Rufescens, nitidus, evidenter pubescens, antennis pedi- 
bus palpisque testaceis ; capite anterius fortiter punc- 
tato, vertice bifoveolato, in medio subtiliter longius cari- 
nato ; prothorace impunctato, dorso canaliculato, lateri- 
bus longitudinaliter impressis; elytris ad basin quadri- 
foveolatis, stria discoidali elongata. Long. 24 mm. 

Mas, abdomine segmento secundo dorsali in medio 
brevissimo, fere nullo, segmento tertio fovea elongata, 
transversa, profunda, margine posteriore in medio lamina 
elevata, brevi; segmento ultimo ventrali simplice; tro- 
chanteribus posterioribus setulosis. 


The hind margin of the basal dorsal segment in the 
male of this species is furnished only with short, incon- 
spicuous pallid sete; when an individual is examined 
exactly from behind, so as to look between the rings, it 
is seen that a large cavity exists between the 1st and 
2nd rings (as well as another between the 2nd and 38rd), 
the 2nd ring being thrust as it were into the interior of 
the body beneath the 1st ring. 

This is another species extremely closely allied to 
B. fragilis ; I have seen only two examples, and from 
these I infer that, in addition to the male characters, it 
is distinguished from its allies by slightly larger size, by 
the more conspicuous depression on the front of the head, 
and by the evidently carinate vertex. ‘Two males have 
been found. 


Yokohama-; Oyama, 25th May, 1880. 


Batrisus pedator, n. 8. 


Rufo-castaneus, evidenter pubescens, antennis palpis 
pedibusque testaceis ; capite subobsolete punctato, ver- 
tice bifoveolato; prothorace parum elongato, globoso- 
cordato, fere impunctato, dorso canaliculato, lateribus 
longitudinaliter impressis ; elytris convexiusculis, obso- 
lete punctatis, stria discoidali elongata. Long. 13 mm. 


320 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


Mas, femoribus posterioribus facie anteriori late pro- 
fundeque excisa, superne vesicula membranacea parvula 
erecta ; metasterno in medio impresso, utrinque promi- 
nulo; abdominis segmentis ventralibus brevissimis. 


Antenne slender, rather elongate, the 3-jointed club 
elongate and slender. Head almost even, the vertex 
between the fovex slightly convex. Elytra with an in- 
distinct minute prominent angle on the shoulder, and 
with a broad discoidal stria which does not quite reach 
the extremity. 

Although extremely similar to B. fragilis and its 
allies, this species is readily distinguished by the rather 
smaller size of its individuals, and their more globose 
prothorax. The male characters are extremely peculiar, 
the structure of the hind femora being, in fact, unique ; 
they present, on their upper anterior face in the middle, 
an elongate deep cavity; in front of the cavity the 
surface forms a small angular prominence, on the sum- 
mit of which is placed a minute delicate vesicle. 


Mr. Lewis found a small series of this species at 
Niigata, 15th Sept., 1881; there are but three males to 
nearly a dozen females. 


Batrisus modestus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 116. 


This species was described by me on two specimens, 
supposed, on account of a slight difference in the 
antenne, to be male and female. Mr. Lewis has again 
met with the species, and discovered the male, proving 
the two original examples to be both females. 

The following is a sketch of the remarkable male 
characters :— 


Mas, tibiis anterioribus extus versus apicem dilatatis, 
in prominentia pencilla articulata armatis; pygidio 
excavatione magna, profunda, irregulari, ad latera exca- 
vationis glanduloso; segmentis ventralibus omnium 
brevissimis. 

Of the species there are two varieties; in the first 
the front tibiz of the male are not so much dilated, and 
have only a fine pencil; and the antenne of the female 
are a little stouter than in the second form; in this 
latter the male tibize are considerably more dilated, and 
are armed with a broad pencil. 


Pselaphide of Japan. 321 


The species was met with by Mr. Lewis at Miyano- 
shita in May, 1880, and at Nagasaki in March and 
April, 1881. 

It is possible the two supposed varieties may prove to 
be distinct species, in which case the one with broad 
male tibiz should bear the name of modestus, a new 
name being applied to the form having more slender 
tibie in the male. All the Miyanoshita specimens 
belong apparently to the first form, but unfortunately 
most of the specimens met with are females. The 
peculiarity of the male tibie is not found in any other 
species, and is very curious; the pencil with which 
they are armed is apparently very mobile, and when de- 
pressed and applied to the front of the leg appears to be 
absent. 


Batrisus antennatus, Weise (nec Motsch.). 
Weise, Deutsche Ent. Zeit., 1877, p. 97. 
A few specimens of this species have been found by 
Mr. Lewis at Nagasaki and Fukuhori in April, and at 
Sanjo and Niigata in Sept., 1881. 


Batrisus optatus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 112. 
This remarkable species is still unique. 


MoRANA. 


This is, I think, an ally of Batrisus; the maxillary 
palpi are formed as in that genus, and the peculiarities 
of the head are as much like Batrisus as Huplectus ; the 
1st basal ventral segment is visible and prominent 
between the hind coxe; the claws are very small and 
their condition quite doubtful,—I do not think there are 
two equal ones, as I formerly considered, though with 
some doubt, to be the case; the elongate 2nd joint and 
the large terminal joint of the antenne will greatly aid 
the recognition of the genus. 


Morana discedens, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 118. 


A second individual of this species was found at Naga- 
saki on the 19th April, 1881. 


322 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


ACETALIUS, Nn. g. 


Maxillary palpi quite short ; terminal joint short and 
stout, oval in form; penultimate joint very small. 
Antenne 11-jointed, short, with very large acuminate 
terminal joint, widely separated at their insertion. Head 
elongate in front of the eyes, which are placed near the 
hind angles, and are prominent, though rather small ; 
antennal tubercles widely separated. Thorax elongate 
and narrow. Elytra subinflated. Hind body with very 
elongate basal segment, the others extremely short, the 
basal scarcely, or at least only excessively finely, mar- 
gined at the sides; beneath composed apparently only 
of two segments, a very elongate one, and a short apical 
one projecting from it. Legs elongate ; hind tibiz with- 
out spurs ; tarsi with a single elongate claw. 

The minute insect for which this genus is established 
is of very doubtful affinities ; the structure of its hind 
body is perhaps most like that of the Pselaphini, but the 
true 1st ventral segment is quite short, while those 
beyond the very elongate 2nd segment have disappeared ; 
above the Ist segment is very elongate, while the follow- 
ing are very short and almost perpendicular. These 
peculiarities may perhaps be exaggerated, owing to the 
fact that the unique individual is immature, and the 
seoments may therefore be collapsed to a certain extent. 
The head is quite different from the Pselaphini, and more 
like an elongate Euplectus head. The last joint of the 
maxillary palpus is terminated at its point by a short, 
straight, stout appendage. I can see no trace of a claw, 
but as the specimen of this minute insect is immature, 
and the feet have been covered with gum tragacanth, in 
accordance with the bad habit of our English entomo- 
logists, I may be mistaken on this point. 


Acetalius dubws, n. 8. 


Aneustulus, sordide testaceus, impunctatus, parce 
pubescens; prothorace elongato, ante basin transversim 
depresso, basi in medio longitudinaliter carinato ; elytris 
ad humeros angustis, stria suturali, aliaque discoidali 
abbreviata. Long. 13 mm. 


Antenne. with 1st and 2nd joints subequal, rather 
elongate in comparison with the following ones; 3rd 
quite small; the following ones small, very short; 6th 


Pselaphide of Japan. 323 


to 8th slightly, 9th and 10th strongly transverse ; ter- 
minal joint disproportionately large, with acuminate ex- 
tremity. Head depressed between the antennal tubercles, 
and curvedly depressed between the eyes; the vertex 
convex, simple. Thorax longer than broad, nearly 
straight at the sides, with excessively fine but distinct 
raised line extending from the base for nearly half the 
length, and so passing through the large transverse 
depression. The elytra are longer than the thorax, 
both the sutural and discoidal strie are deep, at their 
origin excessively deep; the latter does not extend half 
the length of the wing-case. 
The unique example exhibits no sexual marks. 


Found among dead leaves at Suwa Temple, April 8th, 
1881. 

Bryaxis. 
Bryaxis princeps, Sharp. 

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 119. 

Mr. Lewis has found a series of this species near 
Nagasaki in March and April, showing that my opinion 
as to the sexes was correct; the male is constantly 
considerably larger than the female, and apparently 
much rarer. 

Bryaxis alienus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 120. 


Two additional male individuals were found at Naga- 
saki in February and March. 


Bryaxis cubitus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 122. 


A single male specimen was found, probably at Naga- 
saki, so that Iam not able to throw any light on the 
difficult question as to the characters distinguishing the 
females of this and the allied species. 


Bryaxis mundus, Sharp. 

Sharp, op. cit., p. 122. 

Mr. Lewis has not brought back any other specimens 
that are certainly this species, but a few female indi- 
viduals found about Nagasaki without any male appa- 
rently pertain to it. Inmy notice of the male characters 


324 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


I have by error stated that the hind tibie are mucronate, 
whereas it is the middle legs that are so armed. 


Bryaxis diffinis, n. 8. 

Rutfulus, sat nitidus, brevissime pubescens, vix punc- 
tulatus ; prothorace trifoveolato, foveola mediali laterali- 
bus minore. Long. 24 mm. 

Mas, antennis articulo decimo magno, subgloboso, 
femoribus anterioribus subtus ultra basin denticulo 
minutissimo, tibiis intermediis apice intus unco brevi 
armatis ; abdomine segmento ultimo ventrali late im- 
presso. Fem., antennis articulo decimo simplice, haud 
transverso. 


This species is extremely closely allied to B. mundus, 
but the individuals are apparently slightly larger, and 
the head is rather more elongate, and the two fine plice 
on the 1st dorsal segment of the hind body are a little 
more distinct. The male has the 10th joint of the 
antenne peculiarly formed, it being nearly globose, 
except that there is a very slight truncation of the 
anterior-inner edge, and its legs are stouter than in 
B. mundus. In the female the antenne are longer than 
they are in the corresponding sex of B. mundus, the 
3rd and 4th joints especially being longer, and the 10th 
about as long as broad. 


Two pairs of this species were found at Yokohama. 


Bryaxis pullus, Sharp. 

Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 128. 

Neither this nor the two following species have been 
found again. Mr. Lewis has, however, captured at 
Yokohama three female individuals of apparently a 
distinct species, allied to B. pullus, and it appears 
probable that these red Bryaxis are numerous in species 
in Japan, and excessively difficult to distinguish apart 
from the male characters. 


Bryaxis curtus, Sharp. 
Sharp, op. cit., p. 124. 


Bryaxis crassipes, Sharp. 
Sharp, op. cit., p. 125, 


Pselaphide of Japan. 325 


Bryaais latifrons, n. s. 


Parum elongatus, niger, antennis, pedibus palpisque 
testaceis, elytris rufo-obscuris ; capite brevi, vertice bi- 
foveolato, cumque thorace dense punctatis, hoc trifoveo- 
lato, foveola mediali parva. Long. 13 mm. 

Mas, antennis elongatis, articulo secundo magno, glo- 
boso, tibiis intermedius ante apicem intus spina tenui, 
elongata, libera armata. Fem. incog. 


Second joint of antennz broader than the 1st, globose ; 
3rd to 7th slender; 8th stouter than the preceding ; 9th 
slightly transverse; 10th quadrate; terminal joint 
rather large. Head destitute of frontal impression. 
Elytra finely punctulate, with sutural and discoidal 
strie,—the former does not quite reach the base; at the 
base between the two striz there is a small fovea, both 
sutural and discoidal strie being deep at their origin; 
Ist dorsal segment at the base with two fine distant 
lines. 

This species is almost entitled to generic distinction on 
account of the form of the head, which is less rostrate 
in front, and destitute of anterior depression, the an- 
tenne being very widely separated ; the terminal joint 
of the maxillary palpi is rather small, and the structure 
of the male antenne and middle legs is very peculiar. 


Two individuals found at Miyanoshita, April, 1880. 


TRIOMICRUS, N. g. 


Antenne 11-jointed, widely separated at their in- 
sertion. Head trifoveolate, eyes with coarse convex 
facets. Maxillary palpi elongate ; 2nd joint very long, 
nearly as long as the two following together, slightly nar- 
rowed or constricted beyond the middle ; third joint with 
narrow base and oval extremity ; terminal joint elongate 
and slender, between linear and oval in form, acuminate 
at the extremity. ‘Trochanters short, though the inter- 
mediate and posterior femora do not touch the coxe ; 
hind coxe widely separated, not prominent. Tarsi with 
a single elongate claw. Ventral segments in the male 
so abbreviated that the pygidium is scarcely separated 
from the metasternum. Abdominal margin small. 

This genus seems allied to both Tychus and Bryaais ; 
it differs from the former by the structure of the head 
and palpi, and from Bryaxis by the peculiar palpi. It 


326 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


has a great superficial resemblance to Gerallus, from 
which it differs by the more widely separated antenne 
and the elongate single claw. To it is to be assigned 
Bryaxis protervus, which at the time of its description I 
indicated as a new genus; and now that Mr. Lewis has 
discovered a second species agreeing with it in the 
generic characters, it is better to separate it formally 
from Bryaxis. 


Triomicrus simplex, n. 8. 


Rufus, nitidus, crebre pubescens; prothorace sub- 
globoso, impunctato, trifoveolato ; elytris parum punc- 
tatis, stria suturali aliaque discoidali elongata; abdo- 
mine segmento basali post elytrorum suturam vix per-' 
spicue foveolato. Long. 2 mm. 


While the next species approaches in appearance (and 
in the structure of the head) somewhat to Tychus, T. 
simplex has quite the appearance of a Bryaxis, and is 
abundantly distinguished by the absence of punctuation 
on the head and thorax. The antenne are moderately 
stout, with large 2-jointed club. At the base of the 1st 
dorsal segment behind the suture of the elytra there is 
only an obscure depression, and no raised lines. 

The male has the terminal joint of the antenne longer 
than the female, and the middle trochanters armed with 
a short truncate prominence ; the metasternum simple. 


A small series of this species was met with at Niigata 
on the 15th Sept., 1881. 


Bryaxis protervus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 121. 


A few specimens of this species were found about 
Nagasaki in the early spring of 1881 ; February to April. 


BYTHINUS. 
Bythinus affinis, nu. s. 


Fulvus, evidenter pubescens, capite thoraceque dense 
punctatis, opacis, elytris parce, fortiter punctatis ; palpis 
maxillaribus articulo ultimo elongato, fere gracili. Long. 
14 mm. 

Mas, antennis articulo basali incrassato, secundo 
parvo simplice, pedibus posterioribus fortiter incrassatis. 


Pselaphide of Japan. 827 


Extremely similar to B. japonicus, but with different 
male characters, and the thorax more coarsely punctate. 
In the male the basal joint of the antenne is enlarged, 
so that it is broader and longer than it is in the same 
sex of B. japonicus, whereas the 2nd joint remains 
simple, being thus more slender than the 1st, instead of 
dilated, globose, and broader than the Ist, as is the case 
in B. japonicus ; the hind legs are much more incrassate 
than in any individual I have seen of B. japonicus. 
The antenne much resemble those of the female of B. 
japonicus, but the basal joint is larger and thicker, and 
the incrassate hind legs readily distinguish the male B. 
affinis from the female B. japonicus. The females of the 
two species are probably excessively similar. 


A single male individual was found at Nagasaki, 6th 
April, 1881. 


Bythinus japonicus, Sharp. 
Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 125. 


A small series of about a dozen individuals was found 
about Nagasaki in March and April; and a single 
specimen at Miyanoshita. As is frequently the case 
with the European species of Bythinus, most of the 
individuals are females. The incrassation of the male 
hind legs is not very considerable in any of the few 
males found by Mr. Lewis. 


Bythinus subseriatus, Weise. 
Weise, Deutsche Ent. Zeit., 1877, p. 98. 
Oshiroyama, Hagi (Hiller). 
This species has not been found by Mr. Lewis. 


Bythinus reversus, n. 8. 


Major, testaceus, longius pubescens; vertice pro- 
thoraceque crebre sat fortiter, elytris parcissime obsolete, 
punctatis ; palpis maxillaribus articulo ultimo, elongato, 
fere gracili. Long. vix 2 mm. 


Although only two female individuals in an immature 
condition have been found, this species appears to be a 
very distinct one. It has the maxillary palpi formed 
nearly as in B. curtisi, from which species it is very 
different by its much larger size and different punctua- 
tion, The antenne have an elongate basal joint, about 


328 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


as long as the three following together, the 2nd slightly 
more slender than the 1st, and not quite half its length ; 
3rd more slender and a little shorter than 2nd ; 4th to 8th 
similar to one another, each about as long as broad ; 
9th slightly larger, also about as long as broad; 10th 
broader, transverse ; terminal joint elongate and much 
pointed. Head with rather large eyes, and with a 
rather closely punctate vertex. Thorax not quite so long 
as broad, much narrowed behind, its surface with rather 
deep and distinct, but not close, punctures. Elytra only 
sparingly and indistinctly punctate. The larger size, 
more elongate basal joint to the antenne, and obsolete 
punctuation of the elytra make the species easily dis- 
tinguished from such others as have yet been found in 
Japan. 


Nagasaki, June 1st, 1881. 


PsELAPHUS. 
Pselaphus debilis, n. 8. 


Depressus, latiusculus, subopacus, piceo-rufus, an- 
tennis pedibusque rufis, palpis testaceis, articulo ultimo 
apice breviter clavato; elytris quasi carinatis, seriebus 
duabus setarum. Long. 13 mm. 


Very similar in size and form to Pselaphus reveliert, 
though very different structurally, the margin of the 
hind body being flat and not elevated, and the elongate 
basal segment only about half as long as in P. reveliert ; 
the maxillary palpi are excessively elongate and slender, 
with a small but rather abrupt club at the extremity. 
Head opaque, being densely and finely coriaceous. 
Thorax also opaque, small, rather broad (for this genus), 
though scarcely so broad as long, very evidently foveate 
in front of the base. Elytra narrow at the shoulders, 
greatly broader behind, not shining, but not so dull as 
the front parts; the suture slightly carinate, and each 
with two longitudinal ridges of very minute sete, the 
outer margin with an obscure series of sete. Hind body 
with a few distant sete. 


Mr. Lewis has found a pair of this species near Suwa 
Temple, the male on the 11th, the female on the 13th, 
April, 1881; the male is rather smaller and paler than 
the female, and has the apex of the metasternum 


Pselaphide of Japan. 329 


obscurely impressed, and the larger of the ventral seg- 
ments with two very fine short ridges, causing it to 
appear foveolate on the middle between them. 


Pselaphus lewisvi, n. s. 


Angustulus, rufo-testaceus, nitidus, palpis testaceis, 
articulo ultimo longius clavato, parcissime setulosus ; 
elytris stria suturali aliaque discoidali obsoletis. Long. 
13 mm. 

This species is not very dissimilar from the well-known 
European P. heisei, except that itis very much narrower, 
and is entirely destitute of the two peculiar pseud-ocelli 
seen between the eyes of P. heisei; the antenne and 
palpi are similar to those of P. heiset, the club of the 
last joint of the latter being more than half the length 
of the joint. The thorax is very shining, and without 
fovea. The elytra and hind body are very similar to 
those of P. heisei, except that the sutural and discoidal 
striz are less distinct. 


A single example, probably a female, was found at 
Nagasaki on the 28th May, 1881. 


DIARTIGER, Nl. g. 


In this genus of Clavigerini the insect possesses eyes, 
and has the antenne 4-jointed; the 1st joint is very 
short, globose, and is only imperfectly separated from 
the very short 2nd joint, which is a little narrower and a 
little shorter than the globose basal joint, and projects 
just a little out of the cavity of the head; the 3rd joint 
is slender and elongate, evidently thicker, however, 
towards the extremity, and is quite three times as long 
as the breadth at the extremity ; it 1s deeply divided from 
the 4th joint, which is rather elongate, becomes gradually 
broader towards the extremity, which is abruptly trun- 
cate; it is longer than the 3rd joint. This is a similar 
disposition of the antenne to what would exist in 
Fustiger fuchsii, if the terminal joint of that insect were 
deeply divided into two near its middle. 

From Clavigerodes, Raff., which is stated by Reitter to 
possess 4-jointed antenne, Diartiger is distinguished by 
the fact that it has only two exserted antennal joints ; 
from an inspection of a specimen of Clavigerodes 
abyssinicus I entertain, however, little doubt that, if we 


330 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the 


adopt Mr. Reitter’s view that the antenne are 3-jointed 
in Fustiger, we must consider them to be 5-jointed in 
Clavigerodes. 

The description above given of the antenna of Diar- 
tiger may be relied on, as it has been made from an 
antenna disarticulated by cutting off the corner of the 
head with an antenna attached, and then cutting away 
the portions of the head till the base of the antenna is 
cleared and left intact. By the same mode of treatment 
Claviger displays apparently a 6-jointed antenna, the 
2nd joint being, however, as in Diartiger, separated not 
by a true articulation, but only by a constriction from 
the 2nd joint, and it would perhaps be more accurate to 
treat these two minute basal portions as being really 
only one articulation. 


Diartiger fossulatus, n. 8. 


Rufescens, tenuiter flavo-setosus, elytrorum apice 
abdominisque latere ad basin dense flavo-pubescentibus ; 
capite, thorace elytrisque dense subtiliter punctatis, 
haud nitidis, abdomine nitido, basi in medio fovea 
maxima impressa. Long. 2 mm. 

Mas, pedibus intermediis trochanteribus longe, femori- 
bus breviter, spinosis, tibiis lateraliter compressis, intus 
ad medium dente minimo instructis. 


Very similar to Claviger foveolatus, but smaller and 
more slender, with the head, thorax, and elytra more 
densely punctate, the latter longer. The headis as long 
as, but much narrower than, the thorax; the latter is 
smaller, rather longer than broad, deeply foveate at the 
base ; the elytra are much longer than the thorax, very 
finely punctulate, with a rather close, very fine, depressed 
pubescence. 


This insect was found in company with a species of 
Formica ? at Hakone and Miyanoshita in May, 1880 ; 
Shimabara and Fukuhori, near Nagasaki, are also 
localities for it. A few specimens were found at Futai 
on the 20th Sept., 1881, in company with the same 
species of ant; and a single individual of a rather 
more elongate form and darker colour was found at 
Hitoyoshi in the month of May. 


Pselaphide of Japan. 331 


Diartiger spinipes, n. 8. 

Rufescens, tenuiter flavo-setosus, elytrorum apice 
abdominisque latere ad basin dense flavo-pubescentibus ; 
capite thoraceque dense, elytris parce subtiliter, punc- 
tatis; abdomine nitido, longius setoso, basi in medio 
fovea maxima impressa. Long. 24 mm. 

‘Mas, pedibus intermediis, trochanteribus spina per- 
elongata, femoribus spina elongata curvata, tibiis late- 
raliter compressis. 


This species appears to be closely allied to D. fossu- 
latus, but the individual before me is rather larger than 
the largest of that species, has the antenne slightly 
more elongate, the elytra much more sparingly punctate, 
and the spines on the middle legs of the male of remark- 
able elongation. In D. fossulatus a well-marked patch 
of golden pubescence extends along the middle of the 
breast in each sex, but is more conspicuous in the male ; 
in the male of D. spinipes this pubescence is absent, and 
the hinder part of the metasternum is broadly impressed. 


A single individual was found at Yuyama, May 10th, 
1881. 


JP onteniu aioe Ber: aad 
Lae vit, iG! 


( 333) 


XIII. On the Lucanide of Japan. By Grores Lewis. 
[Read July 4th, 1883.] 


PLuatTeE XIV. 


THERE are fifteen species of Lucanini and one species 
of Passalint known now from Japan, and the list of 
these, with their synonymy, stands, I believe, as 
follows :— 


Lucanin1. 
Lucanus maculifemoratus, Motsch. Macrodorcus striatipennis, Motsch. 
= sericans, Voll. = binervis, Motsch. 
= Hopei, Parry. = cribellatus, Motsch. 
Cladognathus inclinatus, Motsch. = opacus, C. Waterh. 
= mandibularis, Thoms. = Vanvolxemi, Lewis. 
= inflexus, Harold. Dorcus Hopei, Saund. 
Prismognathus angularis, C. Waterh. = binodulosus, C. Waterh. 
Eurytrachelus platymelus, Saund. Aigus subnitidus, C. Waterh. 
= castanicolor (Serrognathus), Platycerus delicatulus, n.s. 
Motsch. Figulus binodulosus, C. Waterh. 
Macrodorcus rubrofemoratus, Motsch. » punctatus, C. Waterh. 
ah montivagus, 0.8. Ceruchus lignarius, n. 8. 
ae rectus, Motsch. Afsalus Asiaticus, 0.8. 
= Niponensis, Voll. 
= diabolicus, Thoms. PAssALINI. 
=rugipennis, Motsch. Aulacocyclus patalis, 0.8. 


There is no Sinodendron known yet from Japan. 


In this list 1 have omitted Lucanus Cantori, Hope, 
and Prismognathus dauricus, Motsch., because the evi- 
dence of thew being natives of Japan seems to me 
insufficient. Lucanus Cantori is a native of Assam, 
and although Motschulsky says, in the ‘Etudes’ of 
1860, that Madame Goschkevitch obtained it in Japan, 
in the ‘ Etudes’ of 1861, in treating of the same mate- 
rial, he gives us, without any reference to Cantori, 
maculifemoratus. His first determination thus appears 
incorrect, and the specimens available to-day from 
Japan confirm this. By the kindness of Major F. J. 8. 
Parry I have been able to examine specimens of 
Prismognathus dauricus from the mainland of Asia. 
Motschulsky described this in 1860, but his remarks in 


TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART III. (AUG.) 2B 


334 Mr. G. Lewis on the 


the ‘Etudes’ of the next year apply, as I conceive, to 
anguluris ; yet there can be no doubt that the insects are 
specifically distinct. 

Major Parry has also kindly pointed out to me that 
Serrognathus castanicolor, Motsch., is an immature male 
example of Eurytrachelus platymelus, Saunders. In 
1874 Dr. Renard sent Major Parry a drawing of Mot- 
schulsky’s type, made by Professor Lindemann, and 
the drawing, which I have seen, at once disclosed the 
fact that these two names apply to the same insect. 

It will be seen from the synonymy of the list and the 
remarks above that some little confusion has arisen in 
the determination of the species of the group generally, 
and this has been owing chiefly to the want of sufficient 
material by early authors, for had they had a long series 
-they would have been able to discriminate between 
the forms which compose a species and the species them- 
selves. 

To enable the student of Lucanide rightly to estimate 
the value of the different forms which usually exist in, 
and partly constitute the peculiarities of, a species, it 1s 
of all things necessary that he should possess and care- 
fully examine a long series of specimens of each kind, 
for each species is subject to great and apparently di- 
vergent modifications of the members composing it, 
especially in the males. Often the largest form, and a 
form midway between it and the smallest form, are the 
most abundant in individuals, and most constant in size 
and structure; while the intermediate and connecting 
forms are scarce, or even of great rarity. But I have 
said apparently divergent because there are not, as it 
might first appear, various forms, for all are develop- 
ments of one type depending on the amount of growth 
of some or all parts of the individual. There is no 
tendency towards any (comparatively speaking) perma- 
nent divergent line beyond what we can trace to the 
result of size and individual vigour of constitution ; for, 
in the Japan insects at least, it is merely a matter of 
finding the intermediate links before a complete series 
can be arranged bridging over all the individual diffe- 
rences. 

Now these remarks must be applied chiefly to the larger 
species of the family contained in the genera Lucanus, 
Cladognathus, Dorcus, and Macrodorcus, for when we 
arrive at the genus Platycerus we find but little in 


Lucanide of Japan. 335 


the way of variation which extends beyond what we 
observe in many other insects. There are the sexual 
differences of the family and little more, and Figulus 
also follows in the same line, but has no external sexual 
characters to speak of. We see, then, that the vigorous 
forms of the family (Lucanus) have acquired a sexual 
development which is not shared in by the smaller forms 
(Figulus). 

The Lucanide of Japan are all reared in decaying 
trees, and the variation which occurs in the individuals 
of their species relates chiefly to size, and can, I think, 
only be traced to the feeding of their larve. The larval 
condition of insects is the stage of growth; the period 
from the egg to the pupa is the time when an insect 
increases in size and weight, and it is certain that many 
of the eggs deposited in summer will be laid on such 
parts of decaying trees which are too hard, or perhaps 
too rotten, for the larve to thrive on. And even more 
than this, they may be laid on trees of harder texture 
or closer fibre than is essential for the highest develop- 
ment of the larve; and many larve of Lucanide, as in 
other insects, die simply of starvation at the first or at 
another early stage. Small varieties of a Lucanus are 
to me simply those forms which escape starvation, and 
yet are emaciated by poverty of food, and each indi- 
vidual increases in stature, in proportion to the nutri- 
ment of its food, until it reaches the form maximus. A 
familiar case to us all of the result of nutritious diet is 
the queen bee, and last year Mr. Pryer gave us another 
instance in drawing attention to Japan Papilios. 

Sometimes in a northern country we find insects 
which have affinities in the tropics, and we see that the 
northern forms are much larger than their southern 
congeners. As an example, take Rhysodes. The Japan 
Species is half as large again as the Ceylon species, 
because the first lives in beeches, elms, and oaks, while 
the second feeds in the hard-wooded tropical trees, which 
are, as I believe, less nourishing. (Trans. Ent Soe. 
Lond., 1882, pp. 476 and 482). 

But we need not depart from the Lucanide for an 
example of this, as the Lucanide themselves are rare in 
the Ceylonese jungle, and many hundreds of specimens 
can be collected in a summer day in Yezo, where 
deciduous trees are the rule and not the exception. As 
regards the Platycerus, it being of a small size, the 


336 Mr. G. Lewis on the 


larvee can get sufficient nutriment where a larger species 
would starve, and this is perhaps enough to account for 
its constant size and moderate sexual differences. Even 
in Macrodorcus, the rubrofemoratus is more constant in 
size than some of the others, and on the 8th June, 
1880, I took, at Chiuzenji, fifty specimens from a single 
beech, and into this tree my axe was easily driven four 
or five inches by a fair blow. The larve here could 
penetrate the whole tree, and obtain such nutriment as 
was necessary for normal development, and under these 
conditions there was no conspicuous variation in the size 
of the imagos. The Prismognathus again, which varies 
but little, feeds in rotten birch trees, a tree which, like. 
the beech, rots quickly away, and is different in this 
respect both to the oaks and to the tropical hard-wooded 
trees, which only decay by inches at a time. 

The larva of a Cicindela, Carabus, or Dytiscus has the 
power and habit of seeking food, and can generally 
obtain what is necessary; but wood-feeding larve, such 
as those of Lucanide and Cerambycide, the imagos of 
which vary so much in size, are almost wholly dependent 
on the incident of the whereabouts a certain female may 
deposit her ova: if on or near very hard wood they are 
starved ; if on more nutritious material they become 
vigorous. Roughly speaking, in a Cicindela the size is 
constant and normal, and in a Cerambyx variable and 
irregular. A tree-larva, while feeding and coming on a 
hard knob or nodule, may become starved or emaciated, 
but a ground-feeding species is not isolated in the same 
way, and the evidence of its better position is that it 
varies less in bulk and stature. 

It thus appears probable that when a species, 
during a long series of generations, has lived (without 
the exertion of finding it) amidst an abundant, but 
occasionally variable, supply of easily assimilated food, 
it has acquired a superior stature for its individuals, the 
acquisition of which carries with it a capacity of special 
sexual development. And at the same time the species 
obtains to a greater plasticity than in other kinds, 
which enables it under less favourable circumstances to 
continue to preserve its species through the instru- 
mentality of individuals of lesser development. But 
the idea that these small specimens indicate a retrograde 
movement towards a primitive form is, I think, contrary 
to the general principles of Nature’s workings; because, 


Lucanide of Japan. 337 


although we may say it is by heredity that the Luca- 
nidé retain their ordinary peculiarities, the strange 
excrescences and huge mandibles in some males is a 
result arising from the necessity of placing the tissue 
gathered by a vigorous larva in becoming full-fed. It is 
of individual, not specific, value. It is a process within 
a single organism, as in the queen bee, resulting in an 
abnormal development. 

In the following notes of species I have given the 
number of specimens in my collection, as I think it an 
important statistic; but in the forests of Japan I have 
examined many hundreds of specimens of the commoner 
kinds in the living state, and had it been otherwise I 
should hardly have been able to unite such insects as 
Macrodorcus opacus with striatipennis, nor could I have 
sunk with confidence other names relating only to forms 
of parallel value. 


Prismognathus angularis, C. Waterh. (Pl. XIV., fig. 1). 


The type of this species, female, I obtained in Kawachi 
in 1871. Lately I obtained ten males and two females, 
all from old birch trees or logs. 


The localities are Chiuzenji, Junsai, and Sapporo, 
and the specimens only show slight variation in size 
and form. 


Macrodorcus rubrofemoratus, Motsch. 


This is a very distinct species; in the south of Japan 
it occurs only at very high elevations, but in Yezo it is 
common at sea-level. It was most abundant in the 
beech forests above the Lake of Hakone, and at Chiu- 
zenji; and it was found also in Kiushiu on Oyayama. 


Twenty males, eleven females. 


Macrodorcus montivagus, n.s. (Pl. XIV., fig. 2). 


3. Niger, opacus, undique minute punctulatus, man- 
dibulis capitis longitudine, robustus arcuatis, ante 
medium dente acuto armatis. Prothorace transverso, 
lateribus post medium dente acuto instructis. Long. 
cum mandib. 18—19 lin. 

?.  Capite fortiter rugoso, medio, bituberculato ; 


338 Mr. G. Lewis on the 


medio nitido, parce punctulato lateribus rugulosis. Long. 
cum mandib. 18 lin. 


Six males, eight females. 


I have figured the male of this, and I should not have 
ventured to describe it as other than a variety of striatt- 
pennis or rectus were it not so evidently a small develop- 
ment of a species. The punctuation of the mentum 
agrees fairly with rectus, but it is more vermiform and 
confluent. The female isso large that a fully-developed 
male must be very much larger than the form I know. 
It is a scarce species, and | obtained only a few speci- 
mens, and these all occurred at sap where the large 
Hepialt were feeding. Chiuzenji, Junsai, and Nanaye 
are the localities. 


Macrodorcus striatipennis, Motsch. 


I found this species in immense profusion in Yezo, 
and in all the elevated forests of the main island. It is 
not common in Kiushiu, but I have specimens from 
Oyayama and Tanegashima. 


Dorcus Hopei, Saunders. 


This species is apparently rare ; large males measure 
over 81 lines. I obtained it at Kobé, Kioto, and Sendai. 
Seven males, three females. 


D. binodulosus, C. Waterh., is an undeveloped male 
of 17} lines. 


Egus subnitidus, C. Waterh. 


This has its affinities in tropical species ; it is common 
in Kiushiu in fir “ stools,” but it only occurs as far north 
as Kioto, and is rare there. It has its large and small 
forms. ‘Thirteen males, five females. 


Platycerus delicatulus, n.s. (Pl. XIV., fig. 8). 


3. Nigro-ceruleus, subnitidus, capite thoraceque sat 
fortiter punctatis, mandibulis capitis longitudine. An- 
tennis nigris. Elytris tenuiter striatis et rugoso-punc- 
tatissimis, pedibus testaceis, his geniculis nigris. Long. 
63 lin. 

g. Aineus, seu nigro-ceruleus, tibiis plerumque 
solum testaceis. Long. 5} lin. 


Twenty-five males, twenty females. 


Lucanide of Japan. 339 


Above blue-black, rather shining, rather parallel ; 
beneath black. Head rather thickly and strongly punc- 
tured; clypeus smooth, excrescences in front of eyes 
prominent ; mandibles black; when closed the basal 
teeth close on to the clypeus, and nearly touch each 
other. The upper part of each tooth forms a ridge, 
which extends along the mandible, forming a medial 
carina. The punctuation of the thorax is rather finer 
than that of the head, and in shape and dilatation at 
sides agrees with P. quercus, Weber; scutellum is 
smooth at the base; elytra sculptured in the usual form 
of the genus. The legs are testaceous; knee-joints and 
front tibiz black ; tarsi pitchy. 

The female is more variable in colour, being brassy, 
brassy green, and blue-black, with the middle and hind 
tibiz only generally pale; but I have specimens with 
wholly red legs, and one with legs entirely black. 

P. delicatulus is of more slender form than caraboides, 
and the elytra are somewhat more depressed in the 
front of the middle, with the apical callosities more 
prominent. The sculpture, too, is considerably finer ; 
in the male the apical teeth of the front tibie are but little 
developed, and the crenulations above them are remark- 
ably regular, there being an absence of any tooth 
standing out from the rest in a prominent manner. The 
middle tibiz also are without any external teeth. 


Found in June at Oyayama, Odaigahara, Chiuzenji ; 
and on Ontake in August. 


Figulus, like Afgus, is a tropical genus. I took twenty 
specimens of F’. binodulosus, C. Waterh., at Konose in 
May, 1881, from an old log in the forest; all the specimens 
are alike and agree well with Waterhouse’s type and 
description. Of F'. punctatus I obtained only one speci- 
men from an old Celtis at Nagasaki in February, and I 
believe it is a good species. There are five specimens in 
my original collection. 


Ceruchus lignarius, n.s. (Pl. XIV., fig. 4). 

Niger, nitidus, capite utrinque rugoso, in medio sparse 
punctato, fronte in medio excayvato, prothorace punctato 
apice leve marginato ; elytris striatis, interstitiis sparse 
punctatis. Long. cum mandib. 7 lin. 

?, mihi ignota. 

Three males. 


340 Mr. G. Lewis on the 


Pitchy black, shining; mandibles punctured like the 
head ;* head excavated in front behind the clypeus, very 
rugose at the sides, smooth in middle, with rather large 
scattered punctures on the disc. Thorax transverse, 
more finely punctured than the head, with two shallow 
fovee on each side. The margin in front is smooth, at 
the sides narrowly raised, reflexed at the posterior angle, 
and continued round the base. The interstices of the 
elytral strize are punctured like the thorax. 

I obtained two examples at Sapporo early in August, 
1880, and one (dead) under a stone on Niohosan the 
following year. From the numerous fragments I saw of 
it amongst stored timber at Sapporo I concluded that it 
must be common there in early summer. 


Aisalus Asiaticus,n.s. (Pl. XIV., fig. 5). 


Ovalis, niger opacus rugose sculpturatus, squamis 
brunneis plus minusve dense variegatus, maculisque 
tomentosis erectis nigris. Long. 24—2% lin. 


Seven males, thirteen females. 


Oval, rather convex, opaque, very roughly sculptured, 
and more or less clothed with brown scales. Beneath 
the scales there is a surface with distinct, rather shallow 
and somewhat irregular, punctures. Forehead depressed. 
Thorax has a medial line free of scales or sete, and on 
each side are two clumps of thick black sete, and above 
the last an ill-defined crescent of the same. The elytra 
have, including a sutural line, fine lines of black spinose 
maculations, which give a clear tesselated appearance. 
The sexual characters are the same asin 4. scarabeoides 
of Europe. 

This species is interesting as being a second species in 
aremarkable genus. The individuals are considerably 
smaller than those of scarabeoides, and the black 
tomentum, forming well-marked separate spots or 
patches on the elytra, give asiaticus quite a different 
appearance. Not knowing the genus 4salus when | first 
took the species, I thought it was one of the Colydude. 

This little species occurs in large forests of considerable 
elevation. I obtained it first in May, 1880, above Miyano- 
shita. 1 took off bark from a fallen tree which was 


* Each mandible is as long as the head, reflexed, with two 
teeth, one basal the other ante-medial, and in this respect is 
nearer the American striatus than the European tenebrioides. 


Lucanide of Japan. 341 


dead and moss-grown, and then found it in little round 
holes it had gnawed out in the wood under the bark to 
winter in. In June I found it at Chiuzenji, and the 
following spring on Oyayama, near Kumamoto, always 
getting it in the way described. 


Aulacocyclus patalis, n.s. (Pl. XIV., figs. 6, 7). 


Convexus, parum elongatus, niger nitidus, capite dila- 
tato, utrinque lamina erecta, apicem versus latiore, mar- 
gine superiore emarginato. Prothorace convexiusculo 
minutissime punctato, anteriore in medio binoduloso, 
dorso canaliculato; elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis 
convexis. Long. 84—9 lin. 

Twenty-five specimens. 

Convex, black, shining ; head impunctate and dilated ; 
the outer margins at each side are produced into robust 
spreading horns, and the anterior angles of the head are 
acute and prominent, with a carina running back from 
them and half crossing the eye. The thorax is smooth, 
with very fine scattered punctures, emarginate at the 
sides and base. Anteriorly the middle is produced into 
two rather prominent nodules ; the elytra are very con- 
vex for this genus, and deeply punctate-striate with 
convex interstices. There is no external difference in 
the sexes. In the génus Nigidius the frontal carina 
completely crosses the eye, dividing it in the middle. 

This species is very distinct from any other yet known, 
and perhaps later a new genus should be formed for its 
reception. But it would not be easy to define it at 
present owing to the want of some of its nearest allies 
for comparison, and the fact that Kaup’s genera of Passa- 
lint are soniewhat vaguely characterised. A. platypus, 
Kaup, from Thibet, of which there is a series in the 
National Collection, is the nearest species I know to it. 

I took twenty specimens on the 11th May, 1881, in three 
or four decaying hard-wood trees of three feet girth, which 
had been blown down and had remained five or six years 
under shade of a dense forest above Yuyama, on the 
western side of Ichibosayama. The bark came off easily 
in the hand, and the specimens were resting, after the 
manner of Passalini, in the black wood-mould it had 
covered. A native collector the next year obtained a 
few more on the same spot. I found Passalini in Ceylon 
in corresponding abundance to the Lucanini in Yezo. 


TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (AUG.) 20 


cy 


Parke 


342 On the Lucanide of Japan. 


2 EXpLANATION OF Puate XIV. 


Fic. 1. Prismognathus angularis, C. Waterh. ¢. 
. Macrodorcus montivagus. 3. 
. Platycerus delicatulus. ¢. 

. Ceruchus lignarius. 3. 

. Aisalus Asiaticus. 3. 

. Aulacocyclus patalis. 

. Ditto, side view of head. 


NO oO FP OO wb 


( 3843) 


XIV. On Ogyris Genoveva, Hewitson, and its life- 
history. By W. H. Misxin. 


[Read July 5th, 1882.*] 


PLATE XV. 


THis species was first made known by the late Mr. 
Hewitson, who was, however, acquainted with the female 
only, which he figured and described in his ‘ Exotic 
Butterflies.’ Q 

In this, as in the other species of this very rare 
genus, the individuals are few and far between, being 
extremely local in their habits. 

My friend Mr. George Barnard, of Coomooboolaroo, 
has, however, been so extremely fortunate as to pene- 
trate the mystery of its metamorphosis, and has kindly 
communicated the particulars to me for publication, and 
the obligation is doubly enhanced by the accompaniment 
of figures of individuals of both sexes, variety of the 
female, larve and pupa, as also the food-plant, beauti- 
fully executed by the pencil of Mrs. Barnard, and which 
supplement this paper. 

I am now in a position to make known to Science the 
complete history of this the finest species (excepting 
the somewhat aberrant, if not doubtful, Liphyra 
Brassolis, Westw., which, by the way, is probably not 
hitherto known to be Australian) of the whole family 
(Lycenide) ; as also the hitherto undescribed male and 
variety of the female. 


LEPIDOPTERA. 
LYCANIDA, Stephens. 
Oayris, Westwood. 
Ogyris Genoveva, Hewitson. 
Hewitson, Ex. Butt., i., pl. 48, figs. 5, 6. 


Male.—Upper side: Dense purple, inclining to violet, 
somewhat darker towards outer margins; marginal 

* Publication delayed owing to miscarriage of drawings.— 
Bre AGE 

TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—ParT Iv. (NOV.) 2D 


344 Mr. W. H. Miskin on 


fringe white. Primaries with three short oblique white 
dashes at apex of costa. Secondaries with outer and 
hinder margins deeply dentated, anal angle somewhat 
spatulate; termination of 8rd median nervule pro- 
longed into a decided tail. Abdominal margin brown. 
Thorax and abdomen black. Under side: Primaries, 
basal and discal areas dull black; apical angle and . 
part of the outer margin grey; six transverse discal 
bands of silvery blue, cud one beyond cell larger, 
whitish. Secondaries grey, with numerous transverse 
waving double black lines. Thorax and abdomen grey. 
Expanse, 2 inches. 

Female.—Upper side: Black; base of both wings, 
éxtending on the secondaries to anal angle, and faintly 
to termination of Ist and 2nd median nervules, light 
silvery blue; marginal fringe white. Primaries with an 
oblique apical, somewhat curved, band of pale yellow; 
two faint white oblique short dashes at apex of costa. 
Secondaries dentated and tailed as in male; the Ist 
median nervule rather more developed; abdominal fold 
very light brown. Thorax and abdomen greyish brown. 
Under side: Primaries as in male, except for the broad 
apical band of light yellow. Secondaries also as in 
male, but with the addition of a broad lightish trans- 
verse band from about centre of costa half-way across 
wing, and patches of ashy brown intermingled with the 
grey. Thorax and abdomen grey. Expanse, 2 inches 
4 lines. 

Var a. F'emale.—With the basal area violet, not extend- 
ing so far into the wings as does the blue in the typical 
female. HExpanse, 2 inches 5 lines. 


' Hab. Brisbane; Dawson River (Barnard) ; Queens- 
land. 


As I have not myself seen the larva and pupa, I 
reproduce my friend Mr. Barnard’s description and 
remarks :— 

‘* Larva.—l1 inch to 1 inch 2 lines, subonisciform when 
at rest, but flattening out considerably when in motion ; 
attenuated posteriorly; anterior segments retractile ; 
ochreish yellow; base of each segment on the back 
dark brown; head reddish brown, hidden by the pro- 
jecting 2nd segment ; spiracles black ; each segment at 
side and apex of posterior segment produced into a 
small fascicle of white bristles. 


Ogyris Genoveva. 345 


“ Pupa. —9 to 10 lines, dull black, smooth and 
rounded, with the usual central girth. 

‘““The larva, which is nocturnal in its habits, feeds 
upon Loranthus sp., descending and remaining beneath 
the surface of the ground during the day, where also it 
undergoes its changes, fastening up to projections of 
wood at the foot of the tree which bears its food-plant, 
immediately under the surface. It is social in its habits, 
numbers in all stages and of various ages being found 
together. 

‘““It apparently secretes some sweet substance, being 
invariably attended by numbers of large ants (a pecu- 
liarity common to other of the Thecline, as I have 
observed the same thing occur with Ialmenus Hvagoras 
and I. Ictinus).* 

‘“The imago makes its appearance from November to 
April.” 


EXPLANATION OF PuaTE XV. 


Fic. 1. Ogyris Genoveva, 3. 


2. ” 9 g = 

3. x “ 9, var. 
4, 5 3 larva. 
5. fe pupa. 


9 
The plant is Loranthus sp. 


* Ants are known to attend on the larve of several EHuropean 
and North American species of Lycena for the sake of a sweet 
secretion. Vide W. H. Edwards, Canad. Ent., x., pp. 1—15 
131—186, 160 (1878).—W. F. K. 


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( 847 ) 


XV. Descriptions of twelve new species of South-African 
Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. By Ronanp Trimen, 
F.R.S., &e., Curator of the South-African Museum, 
Cape Town. 


[Read June 6th, 1883.] 


Tue species here described comprise one member of 
the Nymphalide, six of the Lycenide, two of the 
Papilionide, and three of the Hesperide. Seven of 
them will be figured in my new work on the South- 
African Butterflies. 

The most remarkable among these new species is 
Lycena stellata, one of the smallest of known forms, in 
which the ordinary pattern of the under side of the 
wings is in both sexes distinctly outlined in white on 
the very dark upper side. D’Urbania saga is a very 
distinct and interesting addition to a genus hitherto 
represented by a single species. 


NYMPHALIDA. 
NYMPHALINA. 


Precis, Hiibn. 
Precis Sesamus, n. 8. 
Exp. al. 2 in. 5—11 lin. 
Closely allied to P. Amestris, Drury. 


Black, irrorated and transversely banded with vio- 
laceous-blue ; a common discal row of conspicuous red 
spots. Fore wing: Basal area thickly irrorated with 
blue, crossed by five black streaks in discoidal cell ; 
discal row of four red spots (surmounted near costa by 
two small round white spots) between two blue bands, of 
which the inner one is continuous and irregularly exca- 
vated along its internal edge, and the other one regular 
but macular; a series of bluish-white lunules along 
hind-marginal edge. Hind wing: Bands and basal 
irroration much as in fore wing, but inner blue band 
soon merges in basal blue, and outer one is continuous ; 


TRANS. ENT. 80C. 1883.—PaRT Iv. (NOv.) 


348 ~ Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new 


six or seven red spots in discal row. Under side: 
Glossy dark greenish bronze, with transverse fuscous 
striz corresponding in position with the black portions 
of the upper side; a discal row of small fuscous rings 
(of which the third from the costa of fore wing is filled 
with white). Fore wing: Two lower red spots of discal 
row present, but much paler and less defined than on 
upper side. Hind wing: Basal area crossed by three or 
four much broken irregular fuscous strie. Cilia, above 
fuscous, with white internervular markings; beneath 
much more obscure, especially in hind wing. 


This southern representative of P. Amestris is readily 


separable by (1) its larger size, (2) its conspicuous basal - 


blue irroration, (8) the constancy and large development 
of the inner discal blue band, (4) the less irregular discal 
row of red spots, (5) the absence of red strie in dis- 
coidal cell of fore wing, and (6) the uniform dark bronzy- 
green tint of the under side, without any representation 
of the red spots of the upper side, except near the inner 
margin of the fore wing. 


Hab. Cape Colony (Kastern Districts), Kaffraria 
Proper, Natal, Transvaal, and as far north as the Zam- 
besi River. 


LYCANIDA. 
Lycmna, Fab. 
Lycena lucida, n. 8. 
Exp. al. 83 lin.—1 in. $ lin. 
Allied to L. Lysimon, Hubn. 


3. Pale violaceous, inclining to pink; nervules 
more or less defined with greyish brown ; cilia whitish, 
much obscured with brownish in fore wing, and varied 
with it in hind wing. Fore wing: An indistinct thin 
brownish disco-cellular lunule; a greyish-brown hind- 
marginal border of variable width, usually ill-defined 
inwardly. Hind wing: A hind-marginal row of six 
small internervular fuscous spots. Under side: Pale 
grey, tinged with brownish ; spots of bases and discs 
very distinct, black, in white rings; beyond ordinary 
discal row a row of sagittate white marks, succeeded by 
two hind-marginal rows of white lunules almost forming 
internervular rings. Fore wing: Two spots near base, 
one in cell, the other below it; discal row of spots 


South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 349 


strongly incurved on 2nd median nervule. Hind wing: 
A spot at base; a transverse row of four spots before 
“mniddle ; discal row strongly elbowed on 2nd subcostal 
nervule ; a straight white ray runs longitudinally along 
radial nervule from disco-cellular terminal lunule as far 
as row of sagittate white marks; near anal angle, two 
small blackish spots enclosed by lunules of the two 
hind-marginal rows. 

_@. Dark brown, usually more or less marked with 
violaceous on lower part of discs and towards bases. 
Hind wing: Dusky spots of hind-marginal row, as in 
male, more or less apparent in violaceous-marked speci- 
mens. Under side: Usually a little more brownish 
than in male; the spots even more distinct, and the 
white ray of hind wing broader. 

This insect may be distinguished from L. Lysimon by 
the much more conspicuous spotting of the under side 
with the white ray exhibited by the hind wing. The male 
also differs in the decided pink tinge of the upper side, 
and in the absence of the dusky border of the hind 
wing. The female has the upper side much darker than 
in L. Lysimon, and the violaceous colouring is deeper and 
not of so blue a tint. 


Hab. Cape Colony, Kaffraria Proper, Natal, and 
Transvaal. 


Lycena stellata, n. s. 

Exp. al. 7—9 lin. - 

Greyish fuscous, with numerous subannular and other 
white spots arranged in correspondence with those of 
the under side. Fore wing: Terminal disco-cellular 
annulet, and discal inferiorly much-incurved band of 
annulets, enclose spots somewhat darker than ground 
colour ; two similar annulets near base, one in cell, the 
other below it; a submarginal row of six minute white 
spots; cilia broad, fuscous, with narrow but very dis- 
tinct white internervular interruptions, those close to 
apex and to posterior angle wider than the rest. Hind 
wing: An indistinct annulet near base below cell ; other 
markings as in fore wing, but not so pronounced; in 
submarginal row of small white spots the first is con- 
siderably larger than the others; cilia broad, white, 
with imperfect fuscous nervular interruptions. Under 
side: Pale brownish grey, the white annulets enclosing 


350 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new 


fuscous spots. Fore wing: Markings very distinct ; 
discal row of annulets commencing about middle with 
two very small costal ones ; submarginal row of minute 
white spots black-edged on both sides; fuscous of cilia 
paler than on upper side. Hind wing: An annulet at 
base ; a subbasal transverse row of four annulets, that 
on costa enclosing a spot darker than the rest; Ist and 
2nd annulets of diseal band separate from succeeding 
ones and nearer base; submarginal row of minute white 
spots rather indistinct, but their inner black edges well 
marked, subsagittate; the 1st and 2nd of these spots 
are out of line with and before the others. 


Like L. lucida, this butterfly belongs to the Lysimon . 
group, both in form and in the pattern of the under 
side ; but the upper side in both sexes is quite unlike 
that of any member of that group, or indeed of the 
genus Lycena, presenting as it does, on a blackish 
ground, the under side pattern in finely-depicted white 
annulets and spots. In the total absence of blue in 
both sexes, and in its very small size, L. stellata re- 
sembles L. Metophis, Wallengr., and L. Barbere, Trim., 
but its under side is altogether different, and quite wants 
the row of metallic-dotted ocelli so conspicuous in the 
hind wing of those two species. 

This very remarkable little butterfly was discovered 
by Dr. D. R. Kannemeyer, near Burghersdorp, in the 
north-east of the Cape Colony, in November, 1882. He 
describes it as being numerous in a damp spot of a 
few yards in extent, flitting about low flowers in a 
circular direction. 


Hab. Burghersdorp (Albert District), Cape Colony. 


Lycena puncticilia, n. 8. 
Exp. al. 1 in.—1 in. 33 lin. 
Closely allied to L. Methymna, Trim. 


Dark brown, with a slightly «neous surface gloss ; 
cilia dark brown, with rather small but very conspicuous 
pure white internervular spots. Hind wing: In some 
female examples, along hind-marginal edge, a row of 
minute internervular white spots, only separated from 
the white spots of the cilia by a blackish bounding line. 
Under side: Dull ashy brown; ordinary discal row of 


South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 351 


darker white-edged spots indistinct, or sometimes obso- 
lete, except for the thin internal white edging ; adjoining 
the conspicuous white spots of the cilia a row of elongate- 
ovate white rings, usually better marked in fore wing 
than in hind wing. Fore wing: Spots of discal row 
confluent into a nearly straight fascia, slightly bent 
inward on median nervules; beyond this traces of a 
row of thin sharply-sagittate white marks. Hind wing: 
First and last spots of discal row ovate, black, white- 
ringed ; other spots of row confluent, suffused ; a sub- 
basal transverse row of three round black spots in white 
rings ; beyond discal row a conspicuous, very acutely 
dentated, white transverse line composed of contiguous 
sagittiform marks; on hind margin, between 1st and 
2nd median nervules, a small indistinct blackish spot 
centred with a few bluish-white scales. 


Separable from L. Methymna, Trim., by (1) darker 
upper side, without any reddish tinge; (2) absence of 
disco-cellular lunule on upper side of fore wing; (8) 
darker, more ashy under side, with (4) less distinct and 
less macular discal row; (5) more elongate and dis- 
tinctly defined white rings of hind-marginal row; and 
(6) more conspicuous and acutely dentated white trans- 
verse line in hind wing. 


Taken in some abundance at and near Malmesbury, 
a village some miles to the northward of Cape Town, by 
Colonel Bowker and myself. 


Hab. Cape Colony (Western Districts). 


Lycena Bowkeri, n. s. 
Exp. al. 1 in. 13—23 lin. 
Allied to L. Thespis, Linn. 


3. Silky liacine-blue; each wing with a rather 
large blackish lunular mark closing discoidal cell, and a 
moderately wide macular blackish hind-marginal border ; 
cilia broad, black, conspicuously interrupted with white 
between nervules. Hind wing: The spots composing 
hind-marginal border more separated than in fore wing 
(especially near anal angle), and immediately preceded 
by contiguous thin whitish lunules. Under side: 
Yellowish white; each wing with disco-cellular lunule, 
irregular interrupted discal row of spots, and sub- 
marginal row of smaller subquadrate spots,—all pale 


352 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions o7 new 


ochreous-brown, finely edged, internally and externally, 
with blackish; close to hind margin a row of very 
distinct sublunulate black spots. Fore wing: A longi- 
tudinal brown stripe from base (where it is almost black) 
along subcostal nervure to a little before and above 
extremity of discoidal cell; three small ochreous-brown 
spots near base (one in cell) ; discal row of spots abruptly 
interrupted on 2nd median nervule; costa from before 
middle to apex edged with blackish. Hind wing: Curve 
of costal edge close to base black; an irregular basal 
marking composed of three or four contiguous small 
ochreous-brown spots; subbasal row of three spots much 
as in fore wing; an additional spot on inner margin 
near base; discal row abruptly interrupted on 2nd sub- 
costal nervule, and thence angulated in almost a direct 
line to about middle of inner margin ; the 7th (and very 
slightly the 8th) black spot of hind-marginal row dotted 
with silvery blue. 

?. Only the basal and inner-marginal area of both 
wings, and the hind-marginal region of hind wing, lila- 
cine-blue, the dise being white in both; terminal disco- 
cellular spot and irregular discal row as on under side, 
but black and strongly marked; row of violaceous- 
whitish lunules internally edging hind-marginal blackish 
spots more conspicuous than in male in hind wing, and 
also indistinctly marked in fore wing. Under side: As 
in male, but all the spots somewhat sharper and clearer 
in outline. 


This interesting species is in the male distinguishable 
from L. Thespis, by (1) the much less vivid more 
lilacine-blue, and (2) much wider hind-marginal blackish 
border of the upper side; and in the female by (8) the 
much more developed discal white (especially in the hind 
wing) and hind-marginal lunulate markings. On the 
under side both sexes display (4) a whiter ground, (5) 
smaller and more clearly-defined markings, and (6) 
much more conspicuous and black spots of hind-mar- 
ginal row. The tail of the hind wing is in both sexes 
longer than in L. Thespis ; and in this character, as well 
as in those of the under side just noted, L. Bowkeri 
exhibits indications of alliance with such congeners as 
L. Sybaris, Hopff., and L. Hintza, Trim. 


Colonel Bowker, to whom I dedicate this species, 
captured four examples early in the year 1881, on the 


South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 353 


summit of a high hill overlooking the Inchanga Valley 
in Natal. He took two of each sex, and notes that they 
were flitting about the flowers of a small leguminous 
shrub. 


Hab. Natal (Inchanga). ) 


Arruaia, Wallengr. 
Arrugia brachycera, n. 8. 


Allied to A. basuta, Wallengr., and A. Protumnus, 
Linn. 


Exp. al. (3), 1 in. 4—6 lin. ; (2), 1m. 7—9 lin. 


3. Dull fuscous-grey, with a slight ochraceous tinge ; 
in both wings a blackish terminal disco-cellular spot and 
discal row of spots (indistinct in hind wing). Fore 
wing : Hind-marginal area beyond discal spots darker 
than basal area ; between disco-cellular spot and discal 
spots a dull suffused space of pale grey tinged with 
ochraceous, radiating on the basal portion of the median 
nervules ; first four spots of discal\vow confluent and 
forming a costal bar as far as 38rd median nervule—the 
other four small, indistinct, separate, in a row inclining 
inwardly, between 3rd median nervule and submedian 
nervure. Cilia dull white, with rather narrow fuscous 
interruptions at extremities of nervules. Under side: 
Hind wing and apex of fore wing dull hoary grey. Fore 
wing: Basal area whitish grey, scarcely separable from 
discal suffused space, which is dingy whitish and much 
more extensive than on upper side, forming a band 
beyond discal row of spots; this row and disco-cellular 
are very distinctly defined on the pale ground ; near base 
two less distinct small fuscous spots, one in cell the other 
below it; outwardly edging discal dingy-whitish band 
a row of rather ill-defined sagittate fuscous marks ; hind- 
marginal border pale brownish from a little below apex. 
Hind wing: Irreeularly reniform disco-cellular spot, and 
almost regular discal row of spots, very pale brownish, 
with a thin dark brown edging line (stronger on inner 
edge of row) relieved externally by a thin white line ; in 
basal area the traces of two highly-irregular transverse 
rows of broken pale-brownish spots ; a submarginal row 
of minute, almost obsolete, subsagittiform spots ; hind- 
marginal border clouded with pale brownish. 


354 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new 


?. Rather paler and slightly more ochraceous. 
Fore wing: Discal pale space less obscure, not radiating 
on median nervules, but extending more or less distinctly 
beyond discal row of spots. Hind wing: Spots not 
quite so indistinct. Under side: Hind wing and apex 
of fore wing less hoary, more brownish grey. Hind 
wing: Spots of basal area, except first and last of outer 
row, altogether obsolete; sagittiform spots of sub- 
marginal row much larger and more distinct. 


The absence of yellow-ochreous colouring at once dis- 
tinguishes this very dingy Arrugia from A. Protumnus | 
Linn., and makes it more like A. basuta, Wallengr., 
which is the type of the genus. 

From the latter, as far as the male is concerned, A. 
brachycera may be known by (1) its darker colouring, 
(2) larger and more pronounced spots, and (8) want of 
whitish on disc ; while on the under side (4) it is con- 
siderably darker, (5) has the fore-wing spots much 
larger (with the marked exception of the spot near base 
below cell), and (6) the discal row of hind wing much 
broader and more regular. ‘The female is readily recog- 
nised by (7) wanting the conspicuous white discal mark- 
ings of the female A. basuta on the upper side. Apart 
from pattern and colouring, the remarkable shortness of 
the antennz is very noticeable, especially in the female, . 
where they are only about 25 lines in length,—shorter 
than in Protumnus, and much shorter than in A. basuta. 

This Arrugia, which I formerly regarded as a local 
race of Protumnus (see Rhop. Afr. Aust., ii., p. 279, 
obs.), is rare in collections. I found it in some abundance 
at Kuysna, on the south coast of the Cape Colony; and 
a few examples of what I consider a small dark variety 
of it have been taken at Cape Town. It appears in the 
height of summer, and delights to sit on the ground in 
the hottest and dustiest places. 


Hab. Cape Colony (Western Districts). 


D’Urnpania, Trim. 
D’ Urbania saga, ni. 8. 
Allied to D. amakosa, Trim. 


Expal. 1 in. tn. 
3. Dark brown; a discal row of dull pale ochreous- 
yellow spots in each wing. Fore wing: Discal row of 


South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 355 


five spots strongly incurved, so that the last spot is 
rather nearer base than the first one; a faint trace of a 
sixth spot just below 1st median nervule ; a row of three 
small and very indistinct spots of the same colour a little 
beyond and parallel with upper part of discal row; at 
extremity of discoidal cell a scarcely visible ochreous- 
yellow spot, preceded by a similar not quite so indistinct 
spot in cell. Hind wing: Discal row of five spots less 
distinct than in fore wing, not curved, but rather 
irregular ; the 1st and 2nd spots sublinear and confluent, 
the last minute (below 1st median nervule). Cilia of 
both wings dark brown, interrupted with white between 
nervules. Under side: Dark brown, variegated with 
whitish. Fore wing: 1st spot of discal row small, 
white, the remainder larger than on upper side and of a 
paler yellow; in discoidal cell a longitudinal whitish 
streak from base and a terminal whitish spot; between 
extremity of cell and discal spots a transverse row of 
three short whitish rays; spots beyond discal row dis- 
tinct, white; three or four small white marks between 
nervules on costal edge beyond middle. Hind wing: 
A conspicuous, irregular, white, discal stripe, well de- 
fined internally but not externally, and very sharply 
angulated on radial nervure ; before discal stripe the 
following whitish marks, viz., one on costa at base, one 
in discoidal cell at base, and another just before extremity 
of cell; and an interrupted transverse row of very in- 
distinct spots before middle; between discal stripe and 
hind margin a row of thin internervular lunules. 


From D. amakosa, Trim., this species is at once dis- 
tinguished by (1) the conspicuous sharply-angulated 
white stripe on the under side of the hind wing. Other 
differences are (2) the want of whitish irroration gene- 
rally on the under side; and on the upper side, (3) the 
more sharply incurved discal row of spots in the fore 
wing, and (4) the not incurved and more irregular row in 
the hind wing. A distinction is also perceptible in the 
form of the wings, as (5) they—especially the fore wings 
—have a much less curved costa and more produced 
apical region. 


Only a single specimen of this interesting D’Urbania 
has come under my notice. It was taken by Mr. L. 
Peringuey, of Cape Town, in January, 1882; on the 
Ilex River Mountain, in the Worcester district of the 


356 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new 


Cape Colony. Mr. Péringuey informs me that this 
individual was in company with another larger butterfly, 
which he thinks was most probably the female, but 
which he did not succeed in capturing. 


Hab. Cape Colony (Western Districts). 


PAPILIONIDA. 
PIERINA. 


Pisris, Schr. 
Pieris Ogygia, u. 8. 
Allied to P. Zochalia, Boisd., and P. Calypso, Dru. 
Exp. al..(o), in. 1 lin, ; (¢.), 2.1m. 64 din, 


3. White, with black markings. Fore wing: Costa 
edged very narrowly with black; base with a slight 
pearly gloss; at extremity of discoidal cell an oblique, 
angulated, transverse streak, wider in its lower portion ; 
a rather narrow apical and hind-marginal border (widest 
at apex), rather sharply indenting the white on nervules, 
ending abruptly on 1st median nervule; at extremity of 
submedian nervure a small spot, quite separate from 
hind-marginal border; immediately before border four 
rather small spots, of which three form an oblique row 
from costa (the 1st touching apical border), and the 4th 
is between 2nd and 8rd median nervules and rather in- 
distinct. Hind wimg: On hind margin six nervular 
spots, all (except that at end of submedian nervure, 
which is small and almost linear), large, subovate, well 
separated. Under side: Hind wing and apex of fore 
wing pale chrome-yellow; nervures of hind wing uni- 
versally black. Fore wing: In upper part of cell, for a 
little distance from base, a flush of orange; disco- 
cellular terminal streak fainter than on upper side, 
commencing a little further from costa; four sub- 
marginal spots distinct; apical yellow extending nar- 
rowly to about middle of hind margin ; a hind-marginal 
row of seven small, inwardly-acuminate, nervular, black 
spots. Hind wing: Costa, from base to before middle, 
edged with orange-red; a submarginal row of seven 
small, subsagittate, black, internervular spots, of which 
the middle or 4th one is very small; hind-marginal 
spots all smaller than on upper side (except that at end 
of submedian nervure, which is larger), narrow, sub- 
rhomboidal, well separated ; a faint blackish dot on each 


South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 307 


side of 1st median nervule near its origin; on fold 
between median and submedian nervures, for a little 
distance from base, a very faint orange streak. 

?. Similar to male, but considerably larger. Hind 
wing: A submarginal row of five small blackish spots, 
corresponding to the subsagittate spots of the under side, 
but wanting the first and last spots. Under side.—Fore 
wing: Flush of orange at base wider. Hind wing: A 
black line marks middle part of fold between median 
and submedian nervures. 


Partaking of the characters of both P. Calypso, Drury, 
and P. Zochalia, Boisd., this butterfly is on the whole 
nearer to the latter, especially as regards the female. It 
is distinguished from Zochalia by having in the fore 
wing (1) a narrower, more angulated, disco-cellular 
streak, and (2) a much narrower apical and _hind- 
marginal border, enclosing no white spots; and in the 
hind wing (3) much rounder hind-marginal spots, not 
acuminate inwardly or united by the festooned line often 
found im Zochalia. On the under side (4) the yellow 
ground is much brighter ; (5) the fore wing has a basal 
flush of orange, and (6) only four separated submarginal 
spots instead of a continuous band; while in the hind 
wing (7) the nervures are much more narrowly black, 
and (8) the cellular strie and festooned submarginal line 
are wanting. 

From Calypso this species is readily separated by its 
smaller size and much narrower black border of the 
fore wing ; as well as, on the under side, by its black 
nervures and very much smaller submarginal black spots 
of the hind wing, and the want in the same wing of the 
large terminal disco-cellular spot. The female has no 
resemblance to that of Calypso, which has a broad 
dusky border and ground suffused with yellow and grey ; 
much like those presented by the darker females of 
Gidica, Boisd. 

I have only seen one example of each sex. The male 
was sent to me by Mr. Walter Morant in 1869, that 
gentleman writing that he believed it was captured near 
Pinetown, Natal, where he was resident at the time. 

The female was taken at D’Urban, in the same Colony, 
by the late M. J. McKen in the year 1866. 


Hab. Natal (Coast Districts). 


358 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new 


TERACOLUS, Swains. 
Teracolus Bowkeri, n.s. 

Allied to T’. Agoye, Wallengr. 

Exp. al. 1 in. 6—73 lin. 

$. White, with yellow-ochreous apical patch in 
fore wing. Fore wing: Base and costa sparsely irro- 
rated with black; apical patch internally irregularly 
bordered with black, which is broad in its middle part 
(and sometimes also in its upper part), but attenuated 
and usually ill-defined towards its extremities ; a narrow 
ray of clear yellow ochreous immediately beyond the 
black, but the rest of apical patch tinged with greyish. 
Hind wing: Base irrorated with black, more widely and 
rather more closely than in fore wing; a longitudinal 
ray of black irroration on costa beyond middle, its outer 
extremity sometimes strongly marked ; subcostal nervules 
very rarely thinly defined with black ; in some specimens 
a few black atoms scattered about disc. Under side: 
Hind wing and apical area of fore wing very faintly 
tinged with yellowish. Hind wing: Costa very narrowly 
edged with chrome-yellow from base to a little beyond 
middle ; a general very fine and very sparse irroration 
of dusky atoms. 

?. Fore wing: Apical patch fuscous-brownish, 
darker inwardly, traversed mesially by a dull yellow- 
ochreous ray, which is sometimes suffused and ill- 
defined ; base more widely irrorated than in male. Hind 
wing: beyond middle, from costa, a transverse row of 
three ill-defined dull-fuscous spots, the first of which 
represents the termination of the black costal irroration 
in the male. Under side: Yellowish colouring much 
more decided than in male. Hind wing: Fine dusky 
irroration closer than in male. 


This little species is to be distinguished from 7’. Agoye, 
Wallengr., as far as the male is concerned, by (1) the 
larger, paler, less warmly-tinted apical patch of fore 
wing ; (2) total or almost total absence of black nervules 
in both wings; (3) want of copious black irroration in 
fore wing ; and (4) presence of strongly-marked irroration 
ray on costa of hind wing; while (5) the under side is 
somewhat more yellowish. The female has (6) a much 
larger apical patch, owing to the breadth and extension 
inferiorly of the fuscous-brown on its inner border; but 


- 


South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 359 


(7) wants the disco-cellular terminal spot presented by 
Agoye female in both wings ; (8) the under side is duller 
in tint, and wants both the disco-cellular spots and the 
tinge of pale yellow at the base of the fore wing. 

Colonel Bowker, after whom I have named this butter- 
fly, took a solitary male of it in Basuto-land ; and in 
1871 sent me a second example of the same sex from 
Hope Town, on the Orange River. Later in that year he 
forwarded a male and four females from the Vaal River. 
On the 6th September, 1872, I captured a male at Kol- 
berg, in Griqualand West. The only other specimen I 
have seen was a male, received in 1879, taken by Mrs. 
Barber on the Vaal River. 


Hab. Cape Colony (Northern and North-Eastern 
Districts). 


HESPERIDA. 
Pyreus, Hiibn. 
Pyrgus Tucusa, n. 8. 
Allied to P. Mohozutza, Wallengr., and P. Chaca, Trim. 
Exp. al. 1 in.—1 in. 3 lin. 


3. Fuscous, with semi-transparent white spots. Fore 
wing: From base to before middle, along costa, median 
nervure, and inner margin, some yellowish white irrora- 
tion ; at extremity of discoidal cell two elongate spots 
one above the other; a discal continuous row of nine 
spots, strongly curved outwardly in its upper portion, 
but thence sharply deflected inwardly to submedian 
nervure a little beyond middle; of this row the 7th is 
the largest spot, and the 8th the smallest ; close to upper 
part of hind margin a row of fine, almost obsolete, dull 
fulvous-ochreous spots. Hind wing: Median and sub- 
median nervures clothed with dull yellowish white scales 
and hairs; at extremity of cell an ill-defined whitish 
spot. Cilia white, with narrow fuscous nervular inter- 
ruptions,—those in hind wing almost obsolete. Under 
side: Dull creamy white, varied with very pale fulvous, 
and with small black spots. Fore wing: White spots as 
on upper side, and edged with fuscous ; inner-marginal 
area pale fuscous ; hind-marginal border creamy, faintly 
tinged with fulvous, becoming macular towards posterior 
angle; along hind-marginal edge a row of small inter- 
nervular black spots. Hind wing: A thin costal edging 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT IV. (NOV.) 25 


360 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new 


near base, discoidal cell and a small space beyond, and 
a widish hind-marginal border, very pale fulvous; five 
small black spots near base, of which two are in cell ; 
two parallel discal rows of small black spots, seven in 
each row; inner-marginal fold tinged with fuscous at 
its broad anal-angular extremity; hind margin thinly 
edged with fuscous, interrupted (like the fulvous border) 
by nervules of the ground colour. 

?. Fore wing: White spots inclining to creamy, all 
smaller than in male (especially the 7th, while the 8th 
is wanting or exceedingly minute) ; hind-marginal spots 
distinct, pale fulvous-ochreous, seven in number. Hind 
wing: Disco-cellular spot large, pale fulvous-ochreous ; 
close to hind margin a row of seven spots of the same 
colour, not extending below submedian nervure. Cilia 
creamy white, with wider fuscous interruptions (in hind 
wing only at extremities of median nervules). Under 
side: As in male, but the fulvous markings much 
brighter. Hind wing: Two additional fulvous marks 
immediately before inner discal row of black spots, viz., 
one between costal and subcostal, the other between 
median and submedian, nervures. 


In size this Pyrgus is nearer to P. Mohozutza, Wallener., 
but in pattern to P. Chaca, Trim. From the former 
both sexes constantly differ in (1) the continuous cha- 
racter of the discal row of white spots, due to the 
presence of two spots between the costal three and those 
below median nervure. The male is further separable 
by (2) the purer white of the discal spots and the cilia, 
and (3) by the obsolete condition of the hind-marginal 
ochreous spots. On the under side both sexes present in 
the hind wing (4) a regular inner discal row of seven 
black spots instead of the three or four widely-separated 
and irregularly-placed spots in Mohozutza; (5) paler 
(and on costa and submedian nervure much reduced) 
fulvous markings; and (6) a whitish instead of fuscous 
inner-marginal fold. Apart from its very much smaller 
size, Tucusa, in both sexes, is very like Chaca on the 
upper side; but on the under side it wants entirely the 
broad transverse median fulvous band and fulvous base, 
separated by a creamy black-edged band, so conspicuous 
in Chaca. 


My. H. Barber first sent me examples of this species, 
which he took in the Transvaal country in 1873. Several 


South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 361 


others were given to me by Mr. J. M. Hutchinson in 
1881, with the information that he had taken them near 
Estronet, in Natal. 


Hab. Natal (Upper Districts), and Transvaal. 


THyMeE.Licus, Hiibn. 
Thymelicus Wallengrenii, n. s. 
Closely allied to T. niveostriga, Trim. 
Exp. al. 1 in. 2—4 lin. 


S$. Dull brown; the hind wing much darker, almost 
fuscous ; fore wing with almost transparent disco-cellular 
terminal spot and six discal spots. Fore wing: Spot at 
extremity of cell divided by disco-cellular fold; first 
three spots of discal row minute but distinct, forming a 
thin outward-curving costal ray about midway between 
disco-cellular spot and apex; other spots of discal row 
larger, forming a strongly inward-curving row between 
third median nervule and submedian nervure—the middle 
spot of these three being the largest, subquadrate, 
and immediately below disco-cellular spot. Hind wing: 
Spotless. Cilia broad, dusky whitish. Under side: 
Hind wing and costa and apical area of fore wing pale 
ochreous-brown, with a reddish tinge. Fore wing: 
Spots as on upper side, except that those in costal part 
of discal row are usually less distinct and sometimes 
obsolete ; a hind-marginal whitish cloud over lower part 
of ochreous-brown of apical area. Hind wing: A very 
conspicuous, rather broad, white longitudinal stripe, 
commencing at a little distance from base and running 
along disco-cellular fold to hind margin ; a duller, much 
less conspicuous, wider whitish stripe along inner- 
marginal edge; space of inner-marginal fold brownish 

rey. 

s Paler, duller; hind wing not darker than fore 
wing; spots of fore wing rather larger, the three lower 
ones of discal row more widely separated from each 
other. Under side.—Hind wing: Grey of inner-mar- 
cinal fold paler ; inner-marginal white stripe very nar- 
row and ill-defined ; on disc the minute traces of a row 
of whitish spots. 

From T’. niveostriga, Trim., this species may at once 
be recognised by (1) the conspicuous longitudinal central 
white stripe on the under side of the hind wing. Other 


362 Mr. R. Trimen’s descriptions of new 


distinctions are (2) three spots instead of two in costal 
part of discal row; and on under side (3) the nervures 
not paler than the ground colour; (4) the whitish cloud 
on hind margin of fore wing; and (5) the dull and ill- 
developed state of the inner-marginal white stripe of the 
hind wing, which in niveostriga is shining pure white. 


It gives me much pleasure to name this new butterfly 
in honour of Pastor H. D. J. Wallengren, the dis- 
tinguished Swedish lepidopterist, whose good fortune it 
was to be the first to make known to Science a large 
number of the South-African Rhopalocera. 

Like so many other novelties among the Hesperide, 
this curious Thymelicus rewarded the unremitting re- - 
searches of Colonel Bowker, who discovered it in Zulu- 
land in 1880. Later in the same year he sent an indi- 
vidual taken at the Biggarsberg in Natal. 


Hab. Natal (Upper Districts), and Zulu-land. 


NIsoNIADES, Hiibn. 
Nisoniades phyllophila, n. 8. 
Nearly allied to N. Nottoana, Wallengr. 
Exp. al. 1 in. 5—7 lin. 


?. Pale reddish brown, with fuscous and transparent 
spots. Fore wing: A central band of seven fuscous- 
edged transparent spots, disposed thus, viz., an out- 
wardly oblique row of three between costa and median 
nervure (of which the 2nd and 8rd—larger than the Ist 
—are in discoidal cell), and an inwardly oblique row of 
four between 3rd median nervule and submedian nervure 
(of which all are small but that between 2nd and 1st 
median nervules, which is quadrate and much the 
largest in the entire row of seven); near apex a short 
outwardly oblique costal row of four small transparent 
spots, of which the first and last are minute; between 
the extremity of this subapical row and the 4th spot of 
the median row, two fuscous spots, sometimes enlarged 
and elongated longitudinally ; before middle, between 
median and submedian nervures, a rather indistinct 
fuscous spot. Hind wing: A transverse row of three 
widely-separated fuscous spots before middle, one of 
which (at extremity of discoidal ceil) is more indistinct 
than the others ; beyond middle a strongly-curved trans- 
verse row of seven fuscous spots, of which the first next 


South-African Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. 363 


costa is much the largest, and the 2nd and 38rd are 
larger than the remainder; along hind margin, except 
near apex, a narrow irroration of whitish scales, more 
developed towards anal angle. Cilia in fore wing red- 
dish brown, except in concavity just above posterior 
angle, where it is white; in hind wing white, except 
towards apex, where it is brown. Under side: Markings 
mostly as on upper side; brown of fore wing paler ; 
hind wing white, broadly bordered with brown costally 
and apically. Fore wing: Fuscous spot before middle 
faint, but marked with two subvitreous dots ; two fuscous 
spots beyond middle obsolete or very faint. Hind wing : 
Costal brown narrow at and close to base, but very broad 
beyond middle and in apical area ; lowest spot of trans- 
verse row before middle (and often also 5th spot of row 
beyond middle) obsolete. 


This form is very near the female of N. Nottoana, 
Wallengr., but easily to be distinguished by (1) the con- 
spicuous white field of the under side of the hind wing, 
and (2) the whitish irroration of the hind margin of the 
same wing on the upper side. Both these characters 
approximate the insect to N. Flesus, Fab., but it differs 
widely from the latter in its much smaller size, as well 
as in the number, shape, and relative size of both the 
transparent and fuscous spots. The nine specimens 
before me all appear to be females, but four of them are 
too much injured for any determination of their sex. 


For many years I had but a single specimen of this 
butterfly, and regarded it as a possible sport of the female 
Nottoana. Another was sent, after a long interval, from 
D’Urban, Natal, by the late Mr. McKen; but Colonel 
Bowker has on different dates during the last four years 
forwarded from the same locality as many as seven 
examples. The Hewitson Collection in the British 
Museum contains six specimens, recorded as received 
from Delagoa Bay. 


Hab. Natal (Coast Districts), and Delagoa Bay. 


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( 3865 ) 


XVI. Descriptions of sixteen new species of parasitic 
Cynipide, chiefly from Scotland. By P. Cammron. 


[Read July 4th, 1883.] 


Allotria ruficollis, n. 8. 


Black; antenne and legs yellow; head, prothorax, 
breast, metapleura wholly, mesopleura at the sides, and 
base of abdomen, red ; tegule piceous. Wings hyaline ; 
nervures dull yellowish. The antenne are longer than 
the body ; 8rd joint straight and little longer than the 
4th ; the last a little longer than the preceding; the 
apical joints are somewhat fuscous. Base of abdomen 
pilose. Radial cellule one-half longer than broad, closed. 
Length, 13mm. Male. 


In coloration this species comes very close to A. 
pleuralis, Cam., but that has not the mesopleura black, 
the antenne are only yellow at the base, the radial 
cellule is not much longer than broad, and it is also a 
smaller species. 


Hab. Mull, in June. 


Allotria ruficeps, n. 8. 

Black; pronotum, mesopleura on lower side, and 
breast, piceous-red ; legs reddish yellow; joints 1—4 of 
the antenne yellow, the rest piceous; head and petiole 
red. Wings hyaline; nervures fuscous. The antenne 
are longer than the body ; 3rd joint straight, distinctly 
one-fourth longer than the following; the last is not 
much longer than the preceding. The radial cellule is 
closed and not much longer than broad; the cubital 
nervure is traced for two-thirds of the extent of the 
wing. The pubescence on metathorax and base of abdo- 
menis dense. Length,13} mm. Female. 


The radial cellule is shorter than in A. flavicornis, and 
the shortness of this cellule easily distinguishes it from 
A. rujficols, with which it has some resemblance in 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT Iv. (NOV.) 


366 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new 


coloration. It is a larger insect than A. plewralis, the 
antenne are somewhat longer, and have the 8rd joint 
longer in proportion to the 4th, and the cubital nervure 
is not traced in pleuralis at all. 


Hab. New Galloway, in June. 


Allotria curvicornis, n. s. 


Black ; the four or five basal joints of antenne fuscous ; 
mouth piceous; legs dull testaceous; the coxe and 
femora almost piceous at the base. Wings hyaline; 
nervures fuscous. The antenne are longer than the 
body, being as long as the fore wings; the 8rd joint is’ 
slightly and the 4th and 5th distinctly curved and 
slightly thickened; the 6th is very slightly bent, but 
not so much as the 8rd. The radial cellule is of mode- 
rate size, longer than broad ; its outer margin is curved ; 
the cubital nervure is only traced at the base. The 
pubescence on the metathorax is distinct; the petiole 
piceous. Length, 1? mm. 


Allied to A. longicornis, but differing from it in its 
shorter radial cellule, somewhat shorter antenne, these 
in longicornis not having the 4th and 5th joints curved. 

Hab. Glen Lyon, in July. 


Allotria Mullensis, n. 8. 


Black ; head dull ferruginous, vertex piceous; pleura 
almost piceous; five basal joints of antenne pale tes- 
taceous, the rest fuscous ; legs dull testaceous ; coxe and 
femora fuscous. ‘Two basal joints of antenne enlarged, 
as long as the 3rd, which is longer than the 4th; joints 
38—5 thin; the rest much thicker, becoming thicker 
towards the apex; last joint one-half longer than the 
preceding. Metathorax and coxe covered with a dense 
white pubescence. Wings hyaline, the base yellowish ; 
nervures pallid-yellow; radial cellule closed, minute, 
almost semicircular, not being much longer than broad ; 
nervures thick ; cubital nervure shorter than the length 
of radial cellule ; fringe on apex of wing longish. Male. 
Length, } mm. 

Comes nearest to A. brevis, Thoms., but is readily 
known from it and every species known to me by the 
shortness of the radial cellule, which differs also in being 


species of parasitic Cynipide. 367 


semicircular, not triangular, as is usual; the reddish 
head and piceous pleure’ also distinguish it from 4A. 
brevis. 


Hab. Mull, in June. 


Allotria salicis, n. s. 


Black ; face, pleura, and base of abdomen piceous ; 
antenne fuscous, the base testaceous ; legs testaceous ; 
the four posterior cox, the base of four anterior femora 
and the greater part of posterior, light fuscous. Wings 
hyaline ; radial cellule closed, double as long as broad ; 
nervures pale yellow. Antenne a little longer than the 
body ; 2nd joint thick, oval, a little more than one-half 
the length of 3rd; 4th a little longer than 2nd; the 
joints become gradually and slightly thicker towards the 
apex. The scutellum, metathorax, and base of abdomen 
are covered with a longish white pubescence ; the rest of 
thorax and head sparsely pilose. Female. Length, 
1—1} mm. 

From A. minuta this species may be known by its 
darker antenne and legs, longer radial cellule ; the latter 
is a little shorter than it is in longicornis, and salicis 
differs also from that species in its lighter-coloured legs, 
much shorter antenne, and piceous thorax, it being also 
a smaller species. In salicis there are two indistinct 
sutures on the mesonotum, which, however, only extend 
from the scutellum to the middle, and there is an 
indistinct longitudinal suture on the lower side of meso- 
pleura. It seems to belong to Foerster’s genus Hemi- 
crisis. 

Bred from a black Aphis on Salix pentandra from the 
Kilpatrick Hills. 


Allotria piceomaculata, n. 8. 


Head and thorax piceous; abdomen black; pleure 
dark ferruginous; antenne black, base testaceous ; 
legs yellow. The antenne are longer than the body, 
not much thickened towards the apex; 3rd joint nearly 
double the length of 4th. Wings hyaline; nervures 
fuscous ; radial cellule open, double as long as broad; 
cubital nervure extending beyond the middle. Length, 
1 mm. 


368 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new 


Readily known by the piceous head and thorax and 
long antenne, which are longer than in the other species 
with open radial cellule. 


Hab. Dumfries, in June. 


Psichacra glottiana, un. s. 


Black, shining; apex of coxe, trochanters, base of 
femora and their apical half, tibie and tarsi, reddish. 
Wings hyaline; nervures testaceous. The antenne are 
longer than the body; the 3rd and 4th much thinner 
than the other joints; 5th thicker; the rest of nearly 
equal thickness; 8rd joint distinctly longer than 4th; ~ 
5th shorter than latter; 6th nearly of the same size as 
5th ; the others to the 18th shorter, oblong, and covered 
sparsely with microscopic bristle-like hairs; the basal 
joints of the flagellum are somewhat piceous. Scutellar 
cup oval, rather shallow, a round fovea at its apex; 
fovee at base of scutellum moderately large and deep. 
Below the cup the scutellum is smooth and shining ; 
lower down coarsely punctured. The hair on metanotum 
moderate in length, dull silvery white; hair-fringe on 
base of abdomen grey. Abdomen slightly aciculated on 
basal half; apical smooth, shining. Radial cellule 
closed, a little longer than broad ; margin deeply fringed ; 
cubital nervure extending beyond the middle. The legs 
are pilose. Length, nearly 3} mm. 


Hab. Cambusland, on banks of Clyde. 


Psichacra similis, n. 8. 


Black, shining; antenne (except at base and apex) 
and legs (except base of coxee) red. Wings clear hyaline ; 
nervures testaceous. Antenne of the length of the 
body, without a distinct club; 8rd and 4th joints about 
equal; 5th a little shorter; 6th scarcely tapering at 
base and apex, the following distinctly so; 9th to 12th 
oval. Scutellar cup moderately deep, oval; sides 
coarsely punctured all round ; fovez at base of scutellum 
moderate; the outer margin striated. The hair on 
metanotum is scattered and sparse. The male has the 
antenne nearly three-quarter times longer than the body ; 
the 8rd joint is, if anything, shorter than 4th. In colour 
there is no difference between the two sexes, and the 
wings are as in the other species. Length, 4—5 mm. 


species of parasitic Cynipide. 369 


Allied to P. longicornis, Htg. (gracilis, Dbm. sec. 
Thoms.), but that is a slightly larger species. The tegule 
with it are red ; the fovex at base of scutellum are larger, 
deeper, and the outer margin is red or piceous, and is 
not striated as in similis. The hair on the metanotum 
is much thicker and denser, the antenne are shorter, 
the joints thicker, especially at base of flagellum, and 
the antenne are entirely red, as are also the legs. As 
with most of the species, the base of abdomen is some- | 
times red. 


Hab. Cambusland, along the banks of the Clyde, 
July. 


Psichacra Marshalli, n. s. 


Black; antenne fuscous-black; legs reddish testaceous ; 
cox for the most part black; tegule testaceous. An- 
tennze much longer than the body (nearly double), fili- 
form; 38rd joint thickened, slightly curved, longer than 
4th. Head and thorax opaque, alutaceous. WScutellar 
cup small, narrow, longer than broad, acutely pointed at 
base. Fovexe at base of scutellum large; their outer 
border piceous, and ending in an acute tooth. Meta- 
notum densely hairy. Wings hyaline, but with a slight 
fuscous tinge; nervures testaceous. Length, 3 mm. 


The opaque alutaceous head and thorax, small nar- 
row cup of scutellum, and thickened curved 8rd joint 
of antenne, easily enable this species to be separated 
from longicornis and similis. 


Hab. Barnstaple (Rev. T. A. Marshall). 


Trybliographa nigricornis, n. 8. 


Black ; extreme apex of coxe and trochanters, knees 
broadly, tibiz and tarsi, testaceous; the latter two 
infuscated towards the apex. Antenne not much shorter 
than the abdomen and thorax together; 8rd and 4th 
joints equal in length; 5th a very little shorter; 6th to 
12th moniliform, longer than broad, striated, thicker 
_ than the basal joints; last jomt not much thinner, but 
longer than penultimate. The thorax is covered with 
a scattered pale pubescence; the scutellum rugose, its 
cup almost oval; sides of metathorax covered with long 
eriseous hair. Abdomen a little longer than the head 
and thorax together, somewhat compressed; the hair- 


370 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new 


fringe dense, griseous. Wings hyaline, slightly yellowish 
at the base; cubital nervure continued to the end of 
wing; tegule dull black. The legs are covered with 
_ longish stiff-looking, closely-set, hair of a white glisten- 
ing colour. The male has the antennee nearly one-half 
longer than the body; the 8rd joint is a little shorter 
and thinner than the 4th, which is swollen, and is shorter 
than the 5th. Length, 4mm. 


This species comes nearest to Hucoila albipennis, 
Thoms. (which is in all probability identical with 
diaphanus, Htg., and nigripes, Gir.), but is sufficiently 
distinguished from it by its longer and entirely black 
antenne and complete cubital nervure. 


Hab. Clydesdale ; Dalry, Ayrshire. 


Trybliographa testaceipes, n. 8. 


Black ; apex of coxe, trochanters, femora (except in 
the middle at the sides), tibie and tarsi, testaceous ; 
flagellum piceous-red. Antenne as long as the thorax 
and abdomen ; 38rd joint a little shorter than the 4th; 
5th longer than either the 4th or 6th; 6th to 12th 
moniliform, longer than broad, of nearly equal length ; 
13th longer and thicker than 12th. Thorax almost 
glabrous; scutellum obscurely rugose, punctured; the 
cup oval. Sides of metathorax aciculated, almost 
glabrous. Abdomen a little longer than the head and 
thorax together, slightly compressed, the hair-fringe 
weak, dull white. Wings clear hyaline ; nervures yellow ; 
cubital nervure obsolete. Length, scarcely 2 mm. 


In coloration this species agrees best with 7’. scutellaris, 
Htg. sec. Gir., but that is a larger and stouter species, 
and has the 8rd joint of the antenne longer than the 
4th, and the cubital nervure complete. It comes near 
to diaphanus, Htg.= albipennis, Thoms., but the latter 
is a longer species; the antenne are shorter, and with 
the 5th joint of the length of the 8rd and 4th; the 
legs are much darker, the femora being almost entirely 
black, and sometimes more or less of the tibiz. 


Hab. Cambusland; Dalry. 


species of parasitic Cynipide. 371 


Erisphagia longipes, n. 8. 

Black ; legs with coxe piceous-red, the femora suffused 
with fuscous. Wings scarcely hyaline ; nervures fuscous. 
The antenne are filiform, much longer than the body; 
all the joints of nearly the same length. Radial cellule 
longer than broad, the nervures curved ; cubital nervure 
extending to near the apex of the wings. Abdomen 
shorter than the thorax, a little compressed, the base 
piceous. Pleure faintly aciculated, the sides of meta- 
thorax sparsely pilose; the rest of the body glabrous. 
Wings with long cilia. Legs long. Male. Length, 
1+ mm. 

Only two species have been referred to this genus, 
namely, HL. depilis, Gir., and EH. curta, Gir., and from these 
the present species is easily recognised by its totally 
piceous-red legs, the others having them reddish only at 
the knees, as in depilis, or the knees and anterior tibia, 
as in curta. 


Hab. Alsasua, Spain (Dr. David Sharp). 


Melanips femoralis, n. 8. 


Black ; the greater part of anterior femora, the apical 
fourth of middle, and the apex of posterior tibie and 
tarsi, fulvous-testaceous ; the apex of posterior tibiz and 
tarsi more or less fuscous. Antenne nearly as long as 
the body, becoming very slightly thickened towards the 
apex ; 3rd joint nearly one-fourth longer than the next, 
the other joints becoming gradually shorter to the penul- 
timate, which is not half the length of the last. Sutures 
on mesonotum narrow, becoming obsolete towards the 
base of mesonotum ; the puncturing on scutellum is not 
much stronger than on mesonotum, except at sides, 
which are rugose; mesopleura for the greater part 
smooth and shining; cox opaque, finely punctured, 
except behind, where they are smooth and shining. 
Abdomen not much longer than thorax, smooth, shining, 
semisessile, the base aciculated, the hair on it sparse ; 
nervures as in opacus. Length, 4 mm. 


From M. opacus the present species may be known by 
its darker-coloured femora and lighter-coloured tibiz 
and tarsi, by the smaller size of the foveew at base 
of scutellum, less strongly punctured scutellum, less 


372 Mr. P. Cameron’s descriptions of new 


clearly impressed sutures on mesonotum, and less hairy 
thorax. M. longitarsis is readily distinguished from it 
by the 8rd and 4th joints of the antenne being equal in 
length. 


Hab. Bonar Bridge, Sutherlandshire, in June. 


Aegilips scotica, n. s. 


Black; covered with a longish scattered pale down. 
Antenne reddish brown beneath from the middle of 1st 
joint. Mouth and palpi brown; tegule testaceous ; cox 
black, except at extreme apex ; trochanters and posterior 
femora for the most part, and the anterior to a less- 
extent, fuscous-black; the rest of legs dull testaceous 
obscured with fuscous. Wings hyaline ; nervures fus- 
cous. Mesonotum almost shining, very slightly and 
closely punctured ; furrows deep; there is a transverse 
furrow at base of scutellum; in front of this and be- 
tween the two lateral furrows is a shallow pit, which is 
wider than long. Scutellum rugose, terminating in a 
short, blunt, thick spine, which is obliquely truncated at 
the top. Metathorax rugose, reticulated; in centre of 
metanotum are two smooth fields, the upper being the 
largest. Collar striated in front. Below the tegule on 
mesopleura is a triangular striated part bounded by a 
ridge. Petiole rugose, shorter than broad. Abdomen 
shorter than thorax, smooth, shining. Antenne as long 
as the body; 3rd and 4th joints equal. Male. Length, 
nearly 4 mm. 


This species has the greatest resemblance to A. 
subulifera, Thoms., but that species has the mesonotum 
semiopaque, transversely striated, and the petiole much 
longer than broad. 


Hab. Glen Moriston, in June. 


Aegilips ruficornis, n. s. 


Black ; antenne (except at base and apex), and legs 
red ; coxe black, except at apex; posterior tarsi and 
apex of tibie fuscous. Antenne if anything longer 
than the body, becoming thickened towards the apex ; 
8rd and 4th joints subequal; 5th shorter; last joint 
one-half longer than preceding. Mesonotum smooth, 
shining; sutures distinct, but shallow; transverse 


species of parasitic Cynipide. 373 


suture in front of scutellum much deeper and narrower. 
Scutellum smooth in front; the sides have some irregu- 
lar and indistinct reticulations ; behind it is rugose, but 
not strongly above; below reticulated, the two parts 
being separated by a keel; the fovew in front are 
distinct, smooth ; behind there is a wide shallow fovea 
at each side. Metathorax rugose, reticulated indistinctly 
in the middle of metanotum. Petiole coarsely striated, 
broader than long. Abdomen smooth, shining, shorter 
than abdomen. The body is covered with a longish 
fuscous pubescence. On the cox the hair is white. 
Wings hyaline; nervures testaceous. Pronotum and 
episternum obscurely punctured. Length, 4 mm. 


The smooth scutellum allies this species to A. nitidula, 
DIm., but it is a stouter insect ; the antenne are longer, 
the sutures on mesonotum are scarcely crenulated, the 
fovez at base of scutellum are distinct, and the antennz 
and legs are red, not yellow, as in nitidula. The smooth 
scutellum separates it from Dalmani and curvipes. 


Hab. Bishopton. 


Aegilips striolata, n. 8. 


Black; antennze reddish testaceous, more or less 
fuscous above, especially towards the apex; legs tes- 
taceous; apex of femora and tibize yellow; posterior 
tarsi and apex of tibie fuscous. Antenne longer than 
the body ; 8rd joint distinctly longer than the 4th; 4th 
and 5th subequal; last jomt not much longer than 
preceding. Mesonotum scarcely shining; sutures dis- 
tinct, crenulated; in front of scutellum transversely 
striated ; a large shallow fovea longer than broad in 
front of transverse suture at scutellum. Pronotum and 
mesopleura above finely punctured, opaque. Scutellum 
rugose, smooth and shining at the base; looked at from 
the side it is bluntly triangular, above bluntly conical ; 
fovez obsolete. Metathorax rugose, reticulated ; bound- 
ing the centre of the metanotum are two keels, which 
widen out in the centre; between these is a straight 
keel. Petiole a little longer than broad, rugose. Abdo- 
men smooth and shining. Wings hyaline; nervures 
yellowish ; tegule testaceous. Length, 3} mm. 

In general_appearance this distinct species most 
nearly resembles A. nitidula, but the striated mesonotum, 


3874 Mr. Cameron’s descriptions of new Cynipide. 


punctured pronotum and scutellum, sufficiently separate 
it from the common species; in having the pronotum 
punctured it agrees with A. puncticollis, Reinh. (which 
I regard as only a variety of Dalmani), but the striated 
mesonotum, the large fovez at apex of mesonotum, the 
less strongly punctured scutellum, the almost obsolete 
scutellar fovee, mark it out as a very different species. 
A. subulifera, which has the mesonotum transversely 
striated, differs in the scutellum ending in a blunt 
spine. 


Hab. Mugdock, near Glasgow. 


The following table will, I believe, enable our species 
of Aegilips to be identified. A. Dalmani, I may add, 
is the most variable species; the legs vary from ferru- 
ginous to piceous, and the posterior femora, tibie, and 
tarsi may be for the most part black or fuscous; the 
antenne may be entirely black, or brownish, or reddish 
on the under side; while the collar and the apex of 
mesonotum are sometimes aciculated, or even punctured. 
It is often found on windows. 


Synopsis oF THE British Spectres oF Aegilips :— 


1 (8). Scutellum conical, not ending in a spine. 


2 (5). Scutellum smooth, impunctate in front and at 
the sides. 


3 (4). Scutellar fover obsolete; legs and antenne 
bright yellow .. ae ae 2 . nitidula, Dim. 
4 (3). Scutellar fover distinct; legs and antenne 
red oe ae 30 : . ruficornis, Cam. 
5 (2). Scutellum rugose. 


6 (7). Mesonotum transversely striated, a large fovea 
at its apex ; scutellar fovere almost obsolete ; 


legs testaceous and yellow .. he .. striolata, Cam. 
7 (6). Mesonotum not transversely striated ; scutellar 
fover distinct; legs ferruginous .. .. Dalmani, Reinh. 


8 (1). Scutellum ending in a spine. 
9 (10). Mesonotum semiopaque, transversely striated ; 
petiole much longer than broad (in male) ; 
fovere at base of scutellum obsolete subulifera, Thoms. 
10 (9). Mesonotum not striated ; scutellar fovee large. 
11 (12). Spine short, obliquely truncated at apex, not 
one-fourth of length of scutellum; legs 
fuscous ; petiole shorter than broad .. scotica, Cam. 
12 (11). Spine long, curved, more than one-third of 
length of scutellum ; legs and antenne red; 
petiole a little longer than broad .,. .. armata, Gir. 


€ 98754") 


XVII. Further notice concerning the fig-insects of Ceylon. 


By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c. 
[Read July 4th, 1883.] 


Puate XVI. 


A RENEWED examination of some of the numerous species 
of fig-insects, received from Mr. Stainforth Green and 
Dr. Thwaites, has brought to light some curious and 
unexpected circumstances relative to the sexes of several 
of these little creatures which it is necessary for me to 
bring before the notice of our Society, especially as it 
enables me to correct an error into which I have in- 
advertently fallen from too great confidence in the 
analogy which might be thought to exist between several 
of these creatures, by which we might predict as to the 
relative sexes and their consequent specific sexual iden- 
tification, and at the same time to do justice to a 
careful observer who I had been led to suppose had 
erred in the sexual identification of a species from the 
Levant. 


Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa, Westwood. 


In my last paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 48) 
I described, under the name of Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa, 
a male insect which my two Ceylonese correspondents 
had forwarded to me as infesting the seeds of Ficus 
asperrima, and which appeared to me to be identical 
with the male insect described and figured by Dr. P. 
Mayer as the male of Ichnewmon ficarius, the female of 
which, according to Dr. Mayer (represented in his 
pl. xxv., fig. 5), is furnished with an elongated exserted 
ovipositor arising near the extremity of a slender tubular 
joint as long as the remainder of the basal portion of the 
abdomen ; such being also the structure of the female 
insect which I figured (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, 
Pl. VL., fig. 87) as the female of Idarnella transiens, of 
which the winged male is represented by me in fig. 36. 


TRANS. ENT. soc, 1883,—PART IV. (NOV.) 2F 


376 Prof. Westwood’s further notice concerning 


By accident the deflexed stigmal branch of the fore 
wings of the female was omitted in fig. 87, although 
represented in the adjoining fig. 40. 

My identification of the sexes, and indeed my know- 
ledge of the species, was derived from Sir 8. 8. Saunders, 
who kindly presented me with the specimens represented 
in my figures, and, on carefully re-examining them, I 
adhere to the opinion I then expressed that they repre- 
sent the legitimate partners of a species infesting Ficus 
indica. 

At the same time Dr. Mayer’s statement as to the 
sexes of his Ichnewmon ficarius is completely confirmed 
by the contents of a bottle received from the late Dr. 
Thwaites, with the following note :— 

‘‘ Bottle No. 1 contains the sexes of two species found 
parasitic in the ripe fruit of Ficus asperrima, namely, 
(A). The large wingless males belong to the winged 
females of bright metallic colour and with long ovi- 
positors, these latter organs being thickened at the 
joints. (B). The smaller (wingless) males may therefore 
be referred to the other winged females, black, with 
shorter ovipositors. 

‘‘The males of A are very active, and, after cutting 
open the fig at exactly the right time, may be observed 
scrambling about among the florets surrounding the 
inner wall of the central cavity, looking out for the 
females as they escape from their little prisons, laying 
hold of them with their jaws and strong legs, and not 
allowing them to escape till after coités, whieh occupies 
but a few seconds of time; the females then at once fly 
away, and settle on the leaves of some neighbouring shrub 
or tree. These proceedings I have witnessed several times 
in this species; the males remain mostly within the 
central cavity of the fig, and are found dead after a 
very few hours. I have not seen the sexes of B in 
coutt.” 

This very precise statement leaves no doubt that the 
males of A are the legitimate partners of the bright- 
coloured females, and it fortunately happens that Bottle 
No. 1 contained a great number of specimens of each 
sex of each of the two species, B being a species of 
Blastophaga, with a male of the true Blastophagous 
form, whilst of A the numbers of each sex were nearly 
equal, the males being the Sycoscaptella? 4-setosa or the 
Ichneuwmon ficarius (male) of Dr. Mayer, and the females 


the fig -insects of Ceylon. 377 


being, as appears to me, identical with Dr. Mayer's 
Ichneumon ficarius (female), and which, with its details, 
is represented in the figures accompanying this notice 
(Plate XVI., figs. 1—1/). This female measures 24 mm 
in length, the ovipositor, with its basal tubular sheath, 
being about 4 mm. long. It is of a rich shining orange 
colour, with the club of the antenne dark brown. The 
mandibles are terminated by two teeth, the inner one 
rather oblong, the other (apical) one acute and trigonate. 
The palpi are distinct, the maxillary 4-jointed, the labial 
2-jointed. This is an important character, since the 
male, as shown in Plate X., fig. 78, of this volume, is 
also palpigerous, thus proving that in this species at 
least both sexes have the lower parts of the mouth 
(maxille and labium).furnished with palpi. The thorax 
is compact and oval, the legs moderately long, of the 
normal form, the thighs not thickened, the tarsi dis- 
tinctly 5-jointed. The abdomen has the basal portion 
oval, with two dark spots on the upper side beyond the 
middle; the penultimate joint is formed into a long 
slender cylinder, equal in length to the basal portion of 
the abdomen, furnished on each side with strong sete ; 
this is followed by another segment channelled beneath, 
as is the preceding joint. The ovipositor itself is 
extremely slender and curved, and arises within the base 
of a deflexed scale on the middle of the under side of 
the abdomen. ‘The central portion of the ovipositor 
is defended by two demi-sheaths, which are marked 
throughout their whole length by small dark spots, from 
each of which a strong bristle is produced; these demi- 
sheaths are thickened at their tips, and their upper edge 
seems thickened by a slender back-piece. The joints of 
the antenne beyond the annuli are marked with longi- 
tudinal impressed lines, which in some species of Chal- 
cidide seem to be represented by rows of sete. 

If this Ceylonese insect should prove to be absolutely 
identical with that described by Dr. Mayer, it will be 
proper to retain for it the specific name of jficarius, but, 
in default of the means of establishing this identity for 
want of specimens of the insect described by Dr. Mayer, 
I prefer to retain the specific name I bestowed on the 
male, 4-setosa. The question of the generic name of 
this insect is also beset with difficulty. If we are correct 
in regarding the two insects, figured in my Plate VL., 
figs. 36, 37, as legitimate partners, with the generic name 


378 Prof. Westwood’s further notice concerning 


of Idarnella, it will be clear that the insect now in 
question cannot be associated with them, although the 
structure of the female abdomen might be supposed to 
warrant such a step. On the other hand, there appear 
to be sufficient characters in the male 8S. 4-setosa to 
separate it from the type of Sycoscaptella (see Trans. 
Ent. Soc. Lond., 18838, p. 86, as compared with the 
description of the male 4-setosa on p. 48), so that 
it may be necessary to establish another generic name 
for its reception. This step, however, I prefer to defer 
until I have made a more precise examination of some 
of the other long-tailed female fig-insects received from 
Ceylon. 


Apocrypta, Coquerel. 


In the memoir published by Dr. Coquerel in the 
‘Revue et Magasin de Zoologie’ for August, 1855, on 
the species of hymenopterous insects infesting the Ficus 
terragena of the ‘Ile Bourbon,’ we find the following 
notice of this tree and the habits of its parasites, which 
merits republication in our ‘ Transactions,’ which have 
already contained so many recent memoirs on fig- 
insects :— 

“Le Ficus terragena est un arbre qui a souvent plus de 
dix métres de haut; ses fruits (sycones) sont fixés a de 
longs rameaux toujours dépourvus de feuilles, naissant 
des grosses branches et du trone lui-méme ; ils sont tres- 
acides, et ne sont employés a aucun usage. J’avais 
remarqué plusieurs fois que de petits Chalcidites volaient 
a lentour, et, voulant savoir aux dépens de quel insecte 
vivaient ces parasites, j’emportai plusieurs figues. En 
les ouvrant, j’y trouvai, non seulement un grand nombre 
de Chalcides, mais une infinité de petits insectes d’une 
forme trés-singuliére. Au milieu de la matiére visqueuse 
qui réunit les drupes, et dans lintérieur des drupes 
elles-mémes, ils vivaient péle-méle, avec les Chalci- 
dites, qui, selon toute apparence s’étaient développés a 
leurs dépens. Ces insectes sont trés-lents dans leurs 
mouvements; au moindre contact, ils se roulent sur 
eux-mémes et demeurent immobiles. lJLeur taille 
égale a peine deux a trois millimétres; ils sont dé- 
pourvus d’yeux et d’ocelles; ils sont armés de puissantes 
mandibules. Mais malgré l’emploi de trés-forts grossisse- 
ments, je n’ai jamais pu découvrir chez eux ni palpes, 
ni machoires, ni trace d’aile ou d’élytre.”’ 


the fig-insects of Ceylon. 379 


The insects described and figured by Dr. Coquerel are 
four in number, three wingless and one winged individuals. 
The winged Chalcis explorator, Coquerel, now proves to 
be a female Sycophaga: the Sycocrypta ceca, Coq., is 
the male of a species of Blastophaga: the Apocrypta 
paradoxa, Coq., is the male of a Sycophaga, of which 
the female is unquestionably the winged Chalcis ex- 
plorator of Coquerel, agreeing with the female insect 
ee by me in our ‘ Transactions’ (1882, Plate II., 

oe) B 

The remaining wingless insect figured by Dr. Coquerel 
under the name of Apocrypta perplexa (op. cit., p. 869, 
PI. X., fig. 2) issmallerthan A. paradoxa, ‘‘L. 4443 mil.,” 
being 8 to 34 mm. long, and differs from the latter insect 
(cf. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, Pl. I1., fig. 1) in several 
important respects. Itis comparatively much narrower, 
more cylindrical, with short mandibles acute at the tip 
but destitute of teeth on the inner margin; the antenne 
composed of three joints, of which the basal joint is not 
dilated into a large oval plate; the clypeus forms an 
acute point between the insertion of the antenne. “ La 
levre inférieure présente une languette plus allongée que 
dans l’A. paradoxa.” The abdomen is not quite so long as 
the thoracic segments, as wide as the posterior part of the 
thorax at its base, and gradually dilated till it becomes 
twice as broad as the head, ‘‘ Ici les deux grandes trachées 
latérales ne viennent pas aboutir a des lames membra- 
neuses (as in A. paradoxa or Sycophaga, male); elles se 
rendent a d’énormes stigmates qui sont situés sur la face 
dorsale de l’avant-dernier anneau. Ces stigmates sont 
munis, a leur partie supérieure d’un bourrelet saillant. 
L’extrémité de l’abdomen est muni d’une tariére semblable 
a celle de l’espece précédente,’’ and which ‘“‘je suppose 
étre la tariére qui sert a l’insecte a introduire les ceufs 
dans les drupes dont est garni l’intérieur des fruits.”’ 

Among the numerous species of fig-insects forwarded 
to me by Mr. Stainforth Green and Dr. Thwaites from 
Ceylon, I found, as parasites upon Ficus glomerata, 
specimens of what appear to me to be identical with the 
three wingless insects figured and described by Dr. 
Coquerel. And it is to the Apocrypta perplexa that I 
now desire to call the attention of our Society; and 
which, with its various details, I have represented in 
Plate XVI., figs. 2—2g. On comparing these with the 
details of the male Sycophaga, given in Trans. Ent. Soc. 


380 Prof. Westwood’s further notice concerning 


Lond., 1882, Plates II. and III., the structure of the 
front of the head, both on the upper and lower surface 
(Plate AVI., figs. 2a, 2b), as well as of the basal portion 
of the head (figs. 2c, 2d), the mandibles destitute of 
teeth, the antenne destitute of the dilated basal joint, 
the possession of two small black spots near the base of 
the mandibles in the place of eyes, the ovate form of 
the abdomen destitute of the elongated lateral cerci, 
which seem replaced by the two horny plates described 
by Coquerel (of which I have not been able to define the 
structure), but which appear to me to be unprovided with 
the two singularly large lateral trachee of the male 
Sycophaga (of which I could observe no trace, although 
represented in Dr. Coquerel’s figure),—are all sufficient 
to warrant the separation of Apocrypta perplexa from 
A. paradoxa, and, as the latter is now proved to be a 
Sycophaga, the retention of the name Apocrypta for A. 
perplexa will not perhaps be objected to. It was only 
after numerous dissections that I was able clearly to 
trace the two retinacula of the male, proving the exserted 
terminal appendage to be the male organ, and not, 
as supposed by Dr. Coquerel, the ovipositor of a female 
insect. 

In the absence of specimens of A. perplexa from Ficus 
terragena for comparison with the Ceylonese ones from 
F’. glomerata, it is not possible to determine the minute 
differences (if any) between Dr. Coquerel’s and my 
insects. Mine vary in size from 1 to 2 mm. in length, 
and have the abdomen of a different form from Dr. 
Coquerel’s figure. I have further to remark that the 
external envelope of the thoracic and abdominal seg- 
ments is so extremely thin and transparent, that I 
cannot determine the absolute form of the posterior 
portion of each segment, which overlaps the base of the 
following segment to a considerable extent. 


Pie. I. 


the fig-insects of Ceylon. 381 


EXPLANATION oF Piatt XVI. 


Sycoscaptella ? quadri-setosa, Westw., female. 


- Mandible of ditto. 

- Maxillary and labial palpi of ditto. 

. Labium and its palpi of ditto. 

. Antenna of ditto. 

. Ovipositor of ditto (basal portion). 

. Extremity of one of the sheaths of ditto. 


Apocrypta perplexa, Coq., male. 


. Front of head of ditto, from above. 


from below. 


re) 9 


- Basal portion of head, from above. 


es ‘ from below. 


. Extremity of abdomen of ditto. 
. Retinacula of ditto. 
. Teeth of retinaculum of ditto. 


ie Pinay 
WAM Eee 


( 883 -) 


XVIII. On the Cynips Carice of Hasselquist and other 
Fig-Insects allied thereto ; with description of a new 
species from Australia. By Sir Sipney SauNnDERS, 


C.M.G. 
[Read September 5th, 1883. | 


Prats XVIII. 


In the ‘ Proceedings’ of this Society (1881, pp. xli—xlv) a 
discussion is recorded respecting the Fig-Insects collected 
by Hasselquist in the Levant about the middle of last 
century, as described in his ‘Iter Palestinum,’ edited 
posthumously by Linnzus in 1757. One of his species, 
the Cynips Carice, could never have been seen by 
Linneus, who, misled by the equivocal description 
thereof, subsequently united this species with Hassel- 
quist’s C. Ficus under the conjoint denomination of 
C. Psenes; the two being essentially distinct in many 
respects, though found in the same fig; the former 
(inter alia) having a very long ovipositor—described as 
“‘ corpore duplo longior’’—and the latter a very short one, 
as exemplified by his specimens still extant in the 
Linnean collection, the comparative length of which 
organ had been omitted in the original diagnosis. In 
fact these two insects must be referred to different 
families, as Dr. Paul Meyer has already suggested in his 
Treatise ‘ Zur Naturgeschichte der Feigeninsecten,’ pub- 
lished in 1882 (p. 583) ; the first belonging to the para- 
sitic races, and the second being a genuine fig-seed 
feeder (Blastophaga, Grav.) 

I have lately received from an intelligent correspondent 
at Smyrna, Mr. C. D. Van Lennep, Swedish Consul 
there, whose attention had been directed to the subject, 
several specimens, now exhibited, apparently coinciding 
with this long-lost Cynips Carice. They were found, 
like those of Hasselquist, in the wild Caprificus figs of 
the autumnal crop which remain on the tree throughout 
the winter, their insect occupants hybernating therein 
in the larval state and being matured in the early 
spring. But Mr. Van Lennep, who has been un- 
remitting in his researches to this effect, has also 


TRANS. ENT. §0C. 1883.—PaRT IV. (NOV.) 


384 Sir 8. S. Saunders on Fig-Insects 


obtained the same species in July from the second crop 
of these figs, which attain maturity at that period; and 
has forwarded a mass of their abdomens (10 or 12) 
with the ovipositors attached, found conglomerated 
together on one occasion inside a fig, serving to display 
the respective parts of the peculiar oviduct, as now 
exhibited. He has not, however, succeeded in finding 
the C. Ficus of Hasselquist, described as ‘‘ Corpus totwm 
rufum”’; all the Blastophage met with in these figs 
being nigro-eneous in the females, like the B. grossorwm 
of Gravenhorst. The apterous males have also abounded, 
but no specimens have been found which could be 
ascribed to the other sex of C. Carice, though many of 
the figs themselves have been transmitted at various 
periods. 

Although the C. Carice had been confounded with the 
C. Ficus since Linneus’ time, yet in Dr. Paul Meyer’s 
elaborate Treatise aforesaid the figure of an insect, 
apparently identical with these Smyrna specimens, 
though not described by him, is given under the name 
of Ichneumon ficarius of Cavolini (1782), together with 
that of its reputed male, a subapterous species closely 
resembling the Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa from Ceylon, 
recently figured and described by Professor Westwood 
in our ‘ Transactions’ (1883, p. 48; Plate X., fig. 76). 
These Smyrna specimens, no less than the female which 
has been attributed by Dr. Thwaites to the Ceylon sub- 
apterous species (as more recently reverted to by Prof. 
Westwood), structurally coincide with the female Idarnes 
transiens, Wlk. (Idarnella, Westw.) which has a winged 
male corresponding with its winged partner mutatis 
mutandis ; both figured and described by Professor West- 
wood (loc. cit., Plate VI., fig. 36, male; fig. 37, female ; 
with details, figs. 88—42). Thus we are led to infer 
that, however closely these several species are assimi- 
lated in the one sex, a paradoxical divergence occurs 
among them in the other, not only as regards alary 
characters, but also in general structural disparity.* 


* T have just received from Gallipoli, in Italy, a female specimen 
of the Ichnewmon ficarius of Cavolini, which differs from the 
Smyrna specimens in its far less gibbous, more attenuated and elon- 
gate thorax and abdomen, seen laterally ; and also one of its sub- 
apterous partners (according to Cavolini) apparently coinciding with 
the aforesaid Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa, Westw., from Ceylon. Both 
were obtained alive in the early part of October from the third 
crop of the Caprificus figs—the so-called ‘‘Mammoni” of the 
Italians—the ‘‘ Fornites” of Tournefort. Oct. 13th. 


and Caprification. 385 


Hasselquist’s description of Cynips Carice is lament- 
ably deficient in many respects ; while that of Cavolini’s 
Ichneumon ficarius is contained in a memoir not readily 
accessible (‘Opuscoli scelti sulle scienze e sulle arti,’ 
vol. v., Milano, 1782), and is only casually mentioned 
by Dr. P. Meyer (pp. 564, 580, 583), whose figures, 
however, supply various supplementary details. A full 
diagnosis of these Smyrna specimens seems therefore 
essential ; to which is appended that of a new species 
of Idarnella from Australia, whereoi several examples 
have been found in the figs of Ficus macrophylla—all 
females with the characteristic ovipositor ;—a species of 
Sycoscaptella ? Westw., with very elongate tarsal sete, 
being also met with in these figs. 


Cynips Carice, Hasselq. 
(IpARNELLA, Westw.) 


(Ex individuis nuper in ficubus Smirnensibus decla- 
ratis descripta). 

Femina. Caput parvum, subrotundatum. Mandibule 
rectz, basi late, apice bidentate, dentes parum curvati. 
Oculi magni, ovales. Ocelli tres, capitis basin versus in 
triangulo dispositi. Palpi parvi. Antenne geniculate, 
thoracis fere longitudinem equantes; scapo elongato, 
subrecto, basi constricto apice truncato; articulo 2do 
clavato, curvato, precedentis dimidio fere breviore, basi 
tenui; 3tio 4to 5to minimis, transversis, latitudine 
sensim crescentibus ; sequentibus quinque scudiformibus, 
longitudine latitudinem vix excedentibus, basi sub- 
rotundatis, apice truncatis; reliquis tribus clavam fusi- 
formem constituentibus. Thorax gibbus, ovalis. Pedes 
femoribus parum inflatis; tibluis subrectis, apice trun- 
catis, angulo interno calcaratis, unguibus majusculis. 
Pedes antici breviores, tarsis parvis; posteriores quatuor 
elongati, tarsis longissimis. Ale antice pellucide, 
nitide, disco setis parvulis instructe, postice circiterque 
apicem fimbriate; vena postcostali apicem versus in- 
spissata, usque costam excurva, ulna (Wlk.) radioque 
setis elongatis in serie dispositis; vena cubitali illo 
breviore in disco deflexa, parum excurva, tenui, vix clavata. 
Ale postice aveniz, sicut in anticis fimbriate. Abdomen 
dimidio basali lanceolato, thorace parum longiore, seg- 
mentis sex; dimidio apicali elongato, constricto, seg- 
menta dua constituente, quorum primum tubiforme, 


386 Sir 8. 8. Saunders on Fig-Insects 


corneum, curvatum, apice sensim tenuius, truncatum, 
subtus anguste canaliculatum; extimum coriaceum 
penultimi trientis vel quadrantis fere longitudine, tubum 
infra disjunctum apice attenuatum simulans, utrin- 
que puncto spiraculiformi processuque styliformi pos- 
tice subtus porrecto instructum, quo tubo oviductus 
valvule basi obtectz, subter apicem cum terebra he semel 
emergentes vel ex eodem per aditum inferne evadentes. 
Oviductus (terebra sc.) corpore fere duplo longior, val- 
vulis ejusdem apicem versus sensim incrassatis, singule 
setis elongatis duplice serie munite; terebra ipsa 
capillaris, apice parum falcata, e valvula ventrali ad 
basin segmenti quinti abdominis emissa. 


Idarnella Carice capite, thorace, pedibusque flavis, 
tarsis articulo extimo fuscato; oculis nigris; ocellis 
flavis; antennis basi flavis annulis inclusis, flagello 
fusco; alarum venis pallidis; abdomine flavo, fascia 
longitudinali dorsali a segmento 8tio usque ad apicem 
producta, segmentorum basi utrinque plus minusve 
transverse dilatata ; segmento extimo fusco; oviductus 
valvulis nigris, terebra aurea, apice nigra. Long. corp. 
4—45 mm.; exp. alar. 4 mm. 


Hab. Circa Smirnam, in Ficus Carice silvestris 
forma androgyna dict grossis (C. D. Van Lennep). In 
Mus. nostro. 


The structure of the antenne and wing-veins, as 
well as that of the abdomen and ovipositor, is pre- 
cisely identical with the corresponding parts in Idarnes 
transiens, Wlk. (Idarnella, Westw.); the tubiform seg- 
ment, hitherto regarded as appertaining to the oviduct, 
being followed by an overlapping segment about one-third, 
or one-fourth, of the length of the former, open along its 
under side and covering the base of the sheaths, which, 
together with the terebra, usually emerge below its 
obliquely: tapering apex, though these are occasionally 
deflexed through the channel beneath, thus leaving the 
ereater portion of this covering segment extending beyond. 
These sheaths, closely approximated at their acuminate 
base, and articulating within the overlapping segment at 
about one-third of its length, are there connected with 
the nerves which govern their action, traversing the 
whole length of the elongate antecedent segment, and 
further traceable therefrom, in transparent specimens, 
through the ventral segments up to the base of the 


and Caprification. 387 


terebra itself. This organ, affixed to a chitinous plate 
within the ventral region of the 2nd abdominal segment, 
effects its exit from within the ventral valve of the 5th, 
and enters the narrow channel that underlies the elon- 
gate tubiform segment, leading to the sheaths and their 
overlapping segment beyond ; but, when separated from 
these sheaths, it may be readily released from below 
both retaining segments alike, as far as the ventral 
valve. This is acutely pointed at its corneous projecting 
apex, thus coinciding with Hasselquist’s definition of 
** Aculeus alius abdomen terminans,” &c.* : as in Prof. 
Westwood’s description of this part in the Cynipide 
(Mod. Classif., &¢., vol. ii., p. 127), ‘‘ the venter being 
terminated by a pointed piece having a canal running 
along its middle, which is also produced considerably 
beyond its front margin in the shape of a spine; this is 
the terminal ventral segment of the abdomen.” The 
analogy is sufficiently obvious, although the figure here 
referred to belongs to a different family. 

In the elaborate descriptions and figures of various 
ovipositors in the several allied families, exemplified in 
the same assiduous work, ‘“‘ as typically represented” in 
Pimpla instigator (loc. cit., p. 189; fig. 75, 8—18), the 
abdomen of the female exhibits ‘“ eight dorsal ares, the 
eighth furnished at the tip with two minute styles. On 
the under side of the abdomen there only exist seven 
ventral ares, from the last of which arises on each side 
a corneous elongated plate, which is the basal portion of 
the outer sheaths of the ovipositor ; the apical portion 
of these sheaths varies greatly in length in different 
‘species, but the articulation always takes place near 
the extremity of the body.” Thus the position of these 
sheaths in Jdarnella, and their articulation towards the 
base of the overlapping segment, serve to indicate this, 
together with the elongate antecedent segment, as 
integral parts of the abdomen, the more especially as, 
exclusive of such prolongation, its dorsal arcs would be 
reduced to six ; the ventral arcs being continuous beyond 


* Hasselquist’s full description is as follows :—‘‘ Cynrps CARIcm. 
Partes omnes ut in antecedente (C. Ficus !). Abdomen oblongum, 
tenwius quam in antecedente, utrinque parwm acuminatum, a 
thorace distinctissiemum. Spatiwm inter thoracem et abdomen 
angustissimum, longius. Aculews caude wnicus, corpore duplo 
longior, capellaris, versus caudam subtus carinatus, crassior, 
parumque pilosus, reliqua parte tenuis, glaber, equalis. Aculeus 
alius abdomen terminans, minimus, crassiusculus, subrigidus.” 
(Iter, p. 425). 


388 Sir 8. 8. Saunders on Fig-Insects 


the base of the projecting fifth. Moreover, in assigning 
these constricted segments to the ovipositor, the super- 
addition of the overlapping flap, covering the base of 
the sheaths but not attached thereto, would seem wholly 
inexplicable ; while the presence of two lateral spiracles 
towards its apex, together with the usual apical styles 
and the subjacent acuminate process porrected beyond 
(ventral ?)—as shown in Plate XVIIL., figures 1d, f, g, h 
—constitute additional links in the chain of evidence 
identifying this with the terminal abdominal segment. 

In a posthumous paper by Walker on ‘ Insects 
destructive to the Fig in India,” which appeared in the 
‘Entomologist’ (vol. vili., p. 17; Jan., 1875), he describes 
a nearly-allied genus (Polanisa) as having the ‘‘ abdomen 
more than twice the length of the thorax, tapering to 
nearly half its length, compressed and aculeiform from 
thence to its tip: oviduct longer than the body, emerg- 
ing from the base of the abdomen; sheaths proceeding 
from the apex of the abdomen, slightly incrassated.”’ He 
subjoins that ‘‘the form of the abdomen indicates that 
in the act of oviposition the apical half of it is inserted, 
as well as the sheaths of the ovipositor.” ‘‘ One speci- 
men” (no longer traceable) is stated to have been 
obtained—from what source, however, or from what 
species of fig, or in what part of India, he does not 
mention ;—but the terminal segments, which in Jdarnes 
transiens he ascribed to the oviduct, are here assigned to 
the abdomen. In fact the elongate tubiform segment 
possesses no duct specially available for oviposition, the 
terebra being subsequently received from below and 
virtually independent thereof; the former apparently 
analogous to Burmeister’s “‘ vagina tubiformis,” defined 
by him as ‘‘a mere continuation of the abdomen,” and 
terminating in proximity to the bipartite sheath or valves 
of the oviduct (his ‘‘ vagina bivalvis’’), ‘into which,” as 
he says, “‘ the vagina tubiformis opens”’; supplemented 
by the ‘‘ valves corresponding with the last abdominal 
segment,’ which ‘‘ appear as the cover both above and 
below at the base of the vagina bivalvis itself” (‘ Manual,’ 
Shuckard’s Trans., p. 194). 


The following antipodean species of this genus, much 
smaller than the others referred to, entirely corresponds 
therewith in characteristic details :—- 


and Caprification. 389 


Idarnella aterrima, un. 8. 


Femina. Caput, antenne, thorax, femora, tibia, 
abdominis dorsum, valvuleque oviductus, penitus nigri ; 
ocelli diaphani; tarsi venterque pallidi; alarum ven 
flavescentes, vena deflexa cubitali clavata, parum ex- 
curva, apice 4-pustulata ; terebra rufo-picea. Long. corp. 
2+ mm.; exp. alar. 2+ mm. 

Hab. Australasie, prope Sydney, in Ficus macro- 
phylle grossis sat frequens; nonnulle dimidio fere 
minores. In Mus. nostro. 


With regard to the Caprificus figs adverted to at p. 388, 
Count Solms-Laubach, in his erudite Treatise on the 
origin, domestication, and culture of the common fig- 
tree, Ficus Carica, L. (“Die Herkunft, Domestication 
und Verbreitung der gewohnlichen Feigenbaums,” Got- 
tingen, 1882), observes, that from ancient times two 
different races of fig-trees were clearly defined, which 
have remained unchanged to the present day: the one 
comprising the countless varieties of edible figs culti- 
vated everywhere; the other bearing inedible fruit 
which remains milky and hard up to the period of 
maturity, when it partially softens without acquiring 
saccharine juices, until it finally becomes shrivelled and 
desiccated. This tree is only cultivated in certain 
countries for special purposes, being mostly allowed to 
shoot up spontaneously or grow wild: the Greeks called 
it égiveos (or égives) ; the Latins, “‘ Caprificus.”” Hence the 
term ‘‘ caprification’’—an operation still in vogue in many 
regions while repudiated in others—on the efficacy of 
which the Count, after diligent investigation during a 
long sojourn at Naples, where this doctrine is generally 
accepted, pronounces as follows :—‘‘ Caprification is an 
operation traditionally practised in the same way from 
generation to generation, which, necessary in bygone 
ages, is now scarcely any more useful (‘jetzt kaum mehr 
nutzliche’), the scientific importance of which, as a 
means of evincing the changes our cultivated plants 
have experienced in the lapse of time, cannot be too 
highly estimated ” (op. cit., p. 44). 

But the question of fact remains unsolved as regards 
the possibility of any benefit ever accruing from this 
system of hanging the Caprificus figs tenanted by the 
Blastophage upon the domestic fig-trees at a certain 
season, whether for the conveyance of pollen, or for 


390 Sir 8. S. Saunders on Fig-Insects 


promoting the distension, maintenance, or maturity of 
the crop; the figs subjected to this process affording no 
proof of the actual presence of the Blastophage within 
the same: ‘‘ or a single Caprificus-tree is planted in the 
fig-gardens, the passing of the insects to other trees 
being left to chance” (Ibid, p. 24). 

Count Solms gives various interesting details from 
different writers respecting the habits of these insects,— 
of their forcible entrance into the wild figs by squeezing 
themselves between the scales of the ‘‘ Ostiolum,”’ where 
he had himself frequently noticed a quantity of their 
disrupted wings (‘“‘ ganze Buschchen solcher abgestreifter 
Flugel,” p. 20) left there in the persistent efforts they. 
make to pass this barrier,—of their subsequent de- 
meanour and oviposition, their bodies being long recog- 
nisable within the cavity of the fig,—and of the eventual 
egress of the succeeding brood, still, as he states, from 
between the scales of the Ostiolum. At Smyrna, how- 
ever, these scales usually disappear ere then, leaving a 
free passage instead, which the fig-growers are accus- 
tomed to plug with a seed-pod of the asphodel, when 
transferring such infested figs from place to place for 
the purpose of caprification, an operation they deem so 
essential that, if these figs fail, as sometimes occurs, 
they import them from other far distant localities. He 
also narrates, that when the female Blastophaga effects 
her egress she ‘‘ adjusts her wings, places them together, 
raises them perpendicularly, suns and dries herself, and 
cleanses her hairy (?) body with her feet to free it from 
the adhering pollen, wherewith she had become so be- 
grimed in creeping through the crowning stamens that 
she seemed powdered all over’’—thus effectually dis- 
posing of the pollen argument ! 

But we do not learn that the Count noticed any 
of these disrupted wings adhering in like manner to the 
scales of the domestic figs; or that he had discovered 
any such bodies in these, which in the other figs are 
long recognisable within the cavity! On the contrary, 
in adverting to an assertion of Godeheu de Riville 
(‘Mémoire sur la Caprification,’ Paris, 1755) that this 
writer ‘‘ had also found them in ripe figs,” the Count 
significantly adds—which I did not succeed in doing 
(‘was mir nicht gelungen ist”)! He could not have 
failed to detect them in Naples, where caprification 
is revered as a doctrine of faith, had they existed in 


and Caprification. 391 


the latter; so that in both instances, as in that of the 
pollen also, there is a lack of evidence which it would be 
difficult to reconcile with any reputed virtues attributed 
to the caprification process. 

Nevertheless a theory has been advanced by some 
Italian writers, whereon the Count enters into elaborate 
explanations of his own (p. 36), to account for the non-. 
existence of any brood of these insects in the domestic 
figs, namely, that from some strange anomaly their ova 
are not suitably deposited, and consequently remain 
unproductive : whereon Dr. Paul Meyer, in his valuable 
Life-History of Fig-Insects, already referred to, after 
summarizing the Count’s remarks on this head, illus- 
trated by a copy of his Diagram (p. 560), observes— 
the reasons which render oviposition impossible here are 
not known! The explanation, however, would seem to 
be, that this hypothesis being necessarily dependent 
upon experimental essays made with figs laid open for 
the purpose of artificially introducing the Blastophage 
(which are otherwise not to be found therein), the rapid 
effects of partial desiccation ensuing on such occasions 
preclude the egg from attaining its proper position, being 
sometimes met with even reversed, with the pedicel 
pressed in forwards, as described in these experiments. 

Others, however—among whom the Count cites several 
writers, including Olivier—have denounced this opera- 
tion as an inveterate prejudice; and Gasparrini, of 
Naples, who had profoundly studied the subject, comes 
to the same “conclusion” (as quoted by the Count, 
p- 27), namely, ‘‘ Abbiamo veduto con esperimenti che 
Vinsetto non accelera la maturazione, ne fa allegare i 
frutti—e che pero la caprificazione torna del tutto inutile 
per l’allegamento e la maturazione dei frutti; anzi 
dovrebb’essere abolita nella nostra agricoltura.”’ 

As regards the trees themselves, Gasparrini has shown 
that the Caprificus and its domestic associates appertain 
alike to the F’. Carica, L.; for, after rearing a number 
of seedlings from three varieties of the domestic fig-tree, 
a few of which bore fruit in 1852, some corresponding 
with the latter and others with the former, he records 
his results as follows:—‘‘ Res itaque ad pristinum 
revocanda nam Caprificus et Ficus uti ex experimenta 
liquet sunt individui ejusdem speciei ex qua tot tanteque 
varietates et subvarietates promanant”’ (Solms, p. 19). 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT IV. (NOV.) 2a 


392 


Fig-Insects and Caprification. 


EXPLANATION oF Puatr XVIII. 


Fic. 1. Idarnella Carica, female, magnified. 


la. 
10. 
ie: 
1d. 


Mandibles of ditto. 

Antenna of ditto. 

Abdomen and ovipositor of ditto, seen laterally. 
Terminal segment apart. 


. Bipartite sheath of ovipositor of ditto. 

. Terminal segment, as seen in situ. 

. Ditto, in another position. 

. Ditto, seen transparently. 

. Antenna of Idarnella aterrima, female. 

. Abdomen and ovipositor of ditto, seen transparently. 
. Anterior portion of fore wing of ditto. 


( 393 ) 


XIX. Revision of the genera and species of Malaco- 
derm Coleoptera of the Japanese fauna. By Rev. 
H. 8. Goruam, F.Z.S. 


[Read September 5th, 1883.] 


Part I.—LYCIDA, LAMPYRIDA, 


Puate XVII. 


In offering the descriptions of the many new species of 
beetles of the Malacoderm portion of Mr. Lewis’ recent 
collection, I shall follow the example of other authors of 
descriptive papers submitted to this Society of prefacing 
them by a few remarks on the light they appear to 
throw on the distribution of animal life to this eastern 
limit of the globe. But I would first desire to say that 
we very much want a few guiding principles as to how 
the subject of distribution is to be approached, and to 
define at the outset whether we are referring to a sup- 
posed migration from one or more centres, or to, what is 
far oftener apparently intended, the development of the 
family or order within the district itself. To get a clear 
idea of this I think we may divide the genera and 
species of any family of sufficient importance into three 
categories :— 

1. The generalised or undifferentiated type. 

2. The ordinary type. 

8. The specialised or much modified type. 

Of these the first includes such genera as are found 
with little modification in far distant and dissimilar 
parts of the world, and I take to indicate an ancient 
settlement of the family wherever they occur. They are 
the unaltered representatives of the stock from which 
the rest have sprung. 

The second embraces the larger number of both 
genera and species; it is by its alliances and apparent 
migrations that we shall be able to gain an approach to 
a solution of those difficult problems of distribution, by 
land- or by sea-currents or by flight through the air, 
which occupy so many minds at the present moment. 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1888. PART IV. (NOV.) 


394 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the 


In the third we only see the result of high develop- 
ment under favourable conditions for its taking place. 
The few genera in this category speak of a settled and 
prosperous home long enjoyed. They are the autocthones 
of the country and occupy a precarious position, from 
which any slight disturbance may speedily remove them. 

Or, in other words, the presence of genera of the first 
category speaks of ancient settlement ; of the second of 
permanent occupation; of the third of duration under 
favourable conditions. 

In my first category I do not include such abnormal 
genera as combine the characters of two or three 
families, and are not satisfactorily placed in either. 
These I eliminate, as being only placed in either family 
for the sake of convenience ; they are, according to my 
view, the living representatives of a still older stock, 
and are limited in distribution, and are rare just because 
they represent a bygone and still more generalised type. 
I speak here only of such genera as clearly belong to 
existing families. Among the Lycide there is a well- 
known genus in Europe, Homalisus. It is what I would 
call an undifferentiated family type, and one new genus 
from Japan, Pristolycus, seems a parallel case. This 
insect, with the general appearance of one of the Lycide, 
has the trochanters applied to side of the base of the 
femora, as in the neighbouring families; the antennze 
are close at their insertion, as in Lycide and Lampyride ; 
the middle coxe are very close, as in Telephoride. 

Similar cases of rare abnormal genera, as we some- 
times call them, will occur to every one. I repeat, that 
while these are to me instances of my principle more 
broadly applied, in treating of the family I refer here to 
what are often called dominant genera, as, for instance, 
Bembidium, with its outlying small genera, among the 
Caralide ; while Amphizoa, suggested to me by Mr. 
H. W. Bates, is an instance of the generalised family 
type. 

To illustrate my idea, the family with which I com- 
mence this paper will serve my purpose as well as any 
other, better than some, for some other families may be 
deficient in the first or in the third categories, although 
abundant in species, with but a moderate degree of 
development in any particular direction. In the Lycide 
one of the most remarkable developments is the inflation 
of the elytra in the males. It is not my purpose here 


genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 395 


to enter upon an explanation or suggestion of the pur- 
pose or function of any of these developments, but 
merely to point out the degree in which these seem to 
have taken place in the Japanese fauna. The inflated 
form is almost restricted to Africa, but finds its counter- 
part in the New World ; it is joined to the production of 
the head into arostrum. This form is only represented 
by a single genus, Lycostomus, inthe East, and in Japan 
by but one species. Another form, which seems to me 
much modified, and to be the one to which the eastern 
line of development tends, is Metriorhynchus; this reaches 
its maximum in Australia, but is represented by but one 
species in Japan, so far as Mr. Lewis’ collections have 
yet shown; the rostrum is still present here, but not 
any degree of inflation of elytra; but in its place a 
remarkable modification of thoracic structure takes 
place, a tendency towards which may be traced through 
many eastern genera. It is very common throughout 
the Coleoptera, and, I believe, in other orders of insects, 
to find a central channel on the disk of the prothorax ; 
its probable use is explained by the attachment for 
muscles afforded by the corresponding inward projection ; 
this, therefore, is no peculiarity of the Lycide, but in 
fact it gives way to another form, viz., a carina, there 
being hardly any genus of Lycide with a simple channel 
from front to base of the thorax. And the peculiarity of 
the family consists in this, that not only is the channel 
converted into a carina, but that various carine are set 
up in various directions, reaching a maximum in 
Metriorhynchus. The most simple form, and that in 
which we see this change taking place incipiently, is 
found ina genus Plateros, which in its broad sense is 
found in all parts of the world, at least where any con- 
siderable number of the family are found. The channel 
is present here only at the base of the thorax ; in front 
a carina is formed. The head is not rostrate; the 
antenne are of the simple serricorn type. The elytra 
have the simplest form of striation, and the nearest 
approach to true punctuation to be found in the family, 
not differing so very much from that of the allied 
families of Hlateride, or from the prototypical forms of 
Lampyride or Telephoride. This I would regard then 
as a representative of the undifferentiated type, and it is 
represented in Mr. Lewis’ collections by one or two 
species which do not depart in any great degree from 
the North American species of the same genus, 


396 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the 


Of the middle category, Japan has hitherto furnished 
us with some four genera, two of which, Eros and 
Platycis, are well-known Palearctic and Nearctic forms ; 
and the other two are Indo-Malay forms, which I shonld 
regard as Hroid genera, but less specialised, and nearer 
therefore to Plateroid forms than Eros is itself. 

We have therefore in Japan a sort of picture or 
sample, as it were, of the whole Lycide. The number 
of species is small (only eighteen) if compared with 
those extending over a similar district of volcanic and 
forest-land, say in Tropical Central America, but fully 
equal to that of North America between similar latitudes, 
where some twenty-five occur over the whole of the 
United States, and large compared with that of Europe, 
from the whole of which only twelve species are known. 

An attempt to summarise the facts here noticed leads 
one rather to negative conclusions, and such I think will 
be generally found to be the case. The Japanese does 
not appear to be a derived fauna, for the number of 
endemic forms is large both in proportion to the number 
of species and the size of the district explored. HEx- 
tinction of species or of genera does not appear to have 
gone on so much as in the Huropean side of the Pale- 
arctic region. We have several genera of my first cate- 
gory pointing to an early settlement of this family here ; 
while one genus is so remarkable as to suggest that it, 
like the anomalous genus Homalisus, represents the 
ancient synthetic type from which both Lycide and 
Telephoride and other sections of the Malacodermata 
have sprung,—I mean a new genus which I characterise 
in the present paper, but of which the proper location is 
doubtful, viz., Pristolycus. 

In short, there is nothing in the Japanese genera of 
this section of the Coleoptera to lead us to think any 
movement of the species has taken place. One or two 
genera, as Lycostomus and Metriorhynchus, are the off- 
shoots or exponents of the Indo-Malay and the Austro- 
Malay types of development respectively, but on the 
whole the reverse seems the fact, viz., that the fauna of 
Japan is really endemic, and that its apparent relation- 
ship with the North American fauna will be explained 
by referring such genera as are found in common to the 
primitive types, which are universally distributed where 
not extinguished by local depauperation. 


genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 397 


The following is a list of the species :— 


Lycip. Plateros purpurivestis, n. 8. 
Lycostomus modestus, Kiesenw. »,  mnothus, Kiesenw. 
Macrolycus pectinifer, Kiesenw. »  lineatus, n.s. 
Mesolycus (n. g.), puniceus, n. s. Pristolycus (nu. g.), sagulatus. n.s. 
Metriorhynchus geometricus, Kiesenw. 
Eros erythropterus, n.s. LamMpyripm. 

», oculatus, n.s. Lucidina (n.g.), accensa, n.8. 

5, spinicoxis, Kiesenw. »  bdiplagiata, Mots. 

» velatus, n. 8. Lucidota ? discicollis, Kiesenw. 
Platycis nasutus, Kiesenw. os fumosa, n. 8. 
Conderis orientis, 0.8. Luciola picticollis, Kiesenw. 

ye eeDICLUuS. 0. Ss »,  vitticollis, Kiesenw. 
Lyponia quadricollis, Kiesenw. »,  parvula, Kiesenw. 
»  delicatulus, Kiesenw. »  gorhami, Rits. 


Plateros coracinus, Kiesenw. 


LYCIDA, 
Lycostomus modestus. 


Lycus modestus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, 
p. 250, nee Lycostomus modestus, C. Waterh., Ill. 
of oLyp.. Col..B.;M:, 1879, p11, pl. 2; £40, 

Nagasaki and Kashiwagi. 


Not very close to any described species; there is 
affinity to such species as L. debilis, Waterh., but the 
dull brown elytra, with greyish-black thorax, amply dis- 
tinguish it. 

Mr. Lewis met with the sexes in union in June. The 
males are the larger specimens, with longer and slightly 
more serrate antenne. 


Macrolycus pectinifer. (Pl. XVIL., figs. 1, 2). 


Celetes pectinifer, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, 
. 251. 
Cones pectinicornis, Kraatz, Deuts. Ent. Zeits., 1879, 
p. 197, plu. t. 2; Bours:, Bull.’So0c. Nnt--¥r., 
(6), i., p. xlvi. 
Lygistopterus flabellata, Mots., Schrenck, Reis., 1860, 
p tl4 pl 7, b 29. 2 
Niger, elytris purpureis, sericeo-velutinis tenuiter 
quadricostatis, costa tertia obsoleta ; prothorace antice 
carinato, postice carina perbrevi, medio fossulato. Long. 
fg 9—18 mm., 2 9—20 mm. 
Mas. Antennis articulis 8—10 longe flabellatis, seg- 
mento ventrali ultimo longe lanceolato, medio latiusculo. 
Fem. Antennis serratis, segmento ventrali triangulari, 
apice exciso, subbimucronato. 


Nikko and Fukushima; Nara; Junsai. 


398 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s revision of the 


Maxillary palpi with the apical joint wider at its base 
than the preceding one, somewhat conical. Antenne of 
the male with joints 83—10 gradually shortening in 
length, with lengthened flabellate branches, the end 
joint being finally nearly as long as the branch of the 
joint before it; the whole antenna about two-thirds of 
the body’s length. Thorax rounded in front; but a little 
sinuate, varying in different specimens; in the larger 
ones (which have at the same time more crimson-red 
elytra) it is usually but slightly contracted before the 
hind angles, which are produced and very acute; in 
smaller ones, and in some which have browner elytra, 
there is a decided contraction of the sides immediately 
before this acute hind angle; the middle of the basal 
margin rises to meet the very short basal carina, but is 
scarcely emarginate. The elytra are either crimson, 
with a rich purple hue, or brown. I cannot consider 
the latter a distinct species; they are very closely 
covered with silky adpressed hairs; no punctures or 
reticulation whatever is visible. 

Although this species varies so much in size and 
in colour, the larger specimens being more richly 
coloured than the smaller ones, yet from an examination 
of both the male and female types from Mr. Lewis’ first 
collection there is no doubt the fine series of specimens 
brought by him from Nikko, Fukushima, and other 
places inthe main island, belong to the species described 
by Kiesenwetter, who, however, failed to observe the 
split claws. Identified by Bourgeois with L. flabellata, 
Mots., but I feel doubtful on this point. 


MEso.ycvs, n. g. 

Characteres plerumque ut in Macrolycus, sed antenne 
maris simpliciter serrate, prothoracis latera antice con- 
vergentia, angulis posticis acutis haud valde productis ; 
disco antice carinato. Ungues fissi, at maribus intermedii 
ungue anteriori tantum fisso. Type, Mesolycus puniceus. 

This genus is remarkable, as being a second genus of 
Lycide with the claws split, or rather armed with 
a spine near their points, Macrolycus having been the 
only genus in which this kind of structure (which is 
frequent in the Lampyride and Tlephoride) has yet 
been noticed. 

In the present genus not only is the only species 
I have yet seen but of medium size, but what is very 


genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 399 


interesting is that the males differ from the females in 
having the intermediate tarsi with only the anterior 
claw thus split. This is analogous to what occurs in 
the genus Photuris, and might not of itself be considered 
of generic value; the antenne, however, differ as much 
from those of Macrolycus as in other genera founded by 
Mr. Waterhouse on that character. 


Mesolycus puniceus, n.s. (Pl. XVILI., figs. 3—38 b). 

Niger, prothorace pube ferrugineo brevi parce vestito, 
elytris puniceis dense sed breviter pubescentibus, obso- 
lete et indistincte punctatis ; sutura, margine et lineis 
tribus elevatis, interiore obsoletiori, ante apicem abbre- 
viata. Long. 8—10mm., 3. 2. 

Mas. Antennis quam femine, paullo longioribus, 
segmento sexto late et profunde exciso. 

Nara; Junsai; Nikko. 


Head with a short blunt rostrum ; apical joint of the 
maxillary palpi very little widened, but subtruncate ; 
Ist and 2nd joints of the antenne pale on the inner 
side, their length about two-thirds of the body’s length 
-in the male. Thorax longer than wide, hardly differing 
in the sexes; the carina extending half the length of 
the disk, and towards the base ending in a flat elevation ; 
the base widely, not deeply, transversely impressed. 
The head is a little more exposed in the male, owing to 
the thorax being a little smaller in that sex. The elytra 
are very similar in colour and structure to those of 
M. purpureus, but are deeper and more obscure in tint. 
They are nearly parallel in the male; in the female 
they widen a little after the middle; the suture is 
faintly sinuous, dehiscent after one-third, and narrowly 
black. 

A considerable series of specimens, and in two instances 
the sexes united, were found by Mr. Lewis. 


Metriorhynchus geometricus. 

Eros geometricus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, 
p- 256. 

Cema Bourgeoisi, Harold, Stet. Ent. Zeit., xl., p. 338, 
E79; 2. 

Metriorhynchus id., Bourg., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., (5), 
x., p. 149, 3. 

Kashiwagi; Nara; Fukushima ; Junsai. 


400 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the 


Two specimens (males) agree with the type of this 
species ; these are entirely black, 8 mm. in length ; the 
thorax with the usual seven areolets, the antenne pecti- 
nate, but with these a considerable series of larger 
Specimens appear to be conspecific, which have the 
elytra red-brown at the base for nearly half their length, 
owing to the scales with which their coste and all the 
raised parts are thickly clothed being of that colour. 

This insect agrees very nearly in colour with several 
Lycide from Borneo, Sumatra, and the adjacent islands, 
of which an account will be found under M. infuscatus, 
in ‘Notes from the Leyden Museum,’ vol. iv., p. 96, 
1882. The rufous scales are no doubt very easily. 
removed by friction or wet, which was probably the 
case with the specimens from which it was described. 


Eros, Newman. 

The type of Hros is L. coccineus, L., aurora, Herbst, 
and of English writers. The thorax has five areolets; 
the antenne are simple, or only slightly serrate, much 
longer in the male than in the female. The elytra have 
the alternate four coste more raised than the lines 
which separate the double rows of cells between them, 
of which there are thus ten between the suture and the 
margin. This definition will exclude such species as 
D. affinis, Payk., and ZL. minutus, F., for which the 
genera Pyropterus, Mulsant, and Platycis, Thompson, 
are adopted by all students of the Lycide now. But one 
of the species described by Kiesenwetter as Hos can be 
referred to that genus; they will be found here under 
the genera to which, in the present state of the syste- 
matic arrangement of this family, they pertain. Two 
species, Hros granicollis and EH. atrorufus, Kiesenw., 
Deuts. Ent. Zeits., 1879, p. 805, I cannot refer to their 
proper genera, or identify with any of Mr. Lewis’ species. 
No size is given, but they are, I suspect, Platerotes. Mr. 
Lewis’ last journey has proved, however, that true Hos 
are in Japan. 


Eros erythropterus. (Pl. XVIL., fig. 7). 
Niger, prothorace elytrisque late coccineo-rufis illo 
disco subinfuscato. Long. 7—9 mm. 
_ Mas? Antennis corporis fere longitudine, fere sim- 
plicibus, articulo tertio quam secundus paullo longiori. 
Oyayama, flying round an old tree in April, 1881. 


genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 401 


This elegant species is so near H. coccineus, L., that 
it will suffice to point out the difference. It is of course 
much smaller than average specimens of that insect. 
The antennz are longer and thinner, less compressed, 
and with the 8rd joint smaller than in the males of 
E. coccineus. The thorax has in its centre a wide 
lozenge-shaped area; in EH. coccineus this area is joined 
to the base by a short carina; here its apex is on the 
base. 

Eros oculatus. 


Niger, prothorace infuscato, margine toto tenuiter 
rufo, elytris rubricatis. Long. 7—8 mm., 3, °. 

Mas. Antennis quam corpus paullo brevioribus, oculis 
subglobosis, prominentibus. 

Femina. Antennis brevioribus, oculis haud promi- 
nentibus. 


Hakone and Miyanoshita. 


Closely allied to the last species, smaller, with more 
prominent eyes, and the whole disk of the thorax pitchy 
black, or at least infuscate; in addition to these dis- 
tinctions the thorax is proportionally smaller, the ridges 
separating the areolets are not so much raised, and the 
transverse one dividing the two front ones from the two 
posterior is not carried so far back towards the hind 
angles. Of the elytra the intercostal spaces are narrower, 
and the double row of square meshes not so even or 80 
distinct. 

The single female specimen is smaller than the two 
males met with by Mr. Lewis; this is no doubt merely 
accidental. 

Eros spinicoxis. 
Eros spinicoxis, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, 
p. 254. 
Konose; Nara; Nikko; Fukushima. 


When this species is in fine condition the elytra appear 
brownish red from the fine pubescence with which they 
are covered; other specimens are quite black. I have 
carefully examined the female type specimen, as well as 
several others identical, as I think, with it, of both 
sexes, and I cannot discover the coxal spines mentioned 
by Kiesenwetter. The trochanters are triangular and 
dentiform, as is usual in this family; the coxw appear 
to me to be quite simple. This cannot be considered a 


402 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the 


typical Hros, having but three distinctly raised coste ; 
the 1st costa is often abbreviated beyond the middle, the 
2nd and 3rd start almost together from the humerus, 
and the space between the 2nd and 38rd is wide at the 
base, with a short intervening line representing the 4th. 

Two specimens, a male and a female, taken at the 
same time as others of this species at Fukushima, have 
the antenne decidedly shorter, with more nearly quad- 
rate joints, but I hesitate to consider them as specifically 
distinct at present. 


Eros velatus, n. 8. 


Niger, thorace subnitido; elytris subopacis, inter-. 
stitiis alternis et margine squamulis purpureis vestitis. 
Antennis vix serratis. Long. 10 mm., °. 

Kobe, on Maiyason. 

This Hros is very similarly coloured to several other 
Lycide, both from Japan and from the Malay district, 
in being black, with the interstices (at least for a great 
part of their length) covered with reddish velvety scales. 
It is, however, the first species of Hros which I have 
found so coloured, and the scales are brighter crimson 
than in any of the allied species, nor do they extend to 
the intervals or transverse ridges. The thorax has a dis- 
tinct central diamond-shaped areolet. All the five ares 
are uneven in their surfaces; the intervals of the raised 
interstices have distinct reticulate cells in a double 
series; the 2nd and 8rd of the raised interstices unite 
before the apex. It isa rather broad and flat species, 
and I think will be easily recognised ; at present only a 
single female specimen has been found. 


Platycis nasutus. 


Eros nasutus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, p. 
255. 

Nikko ; Miyanoshita; Oyama; Oyu. 

Platycis ig one of the best of the modern divisions of 
Eros, Newm., adopted from Thomson, Skand. Col., vi., 
p. 162, by C. Waterhouse. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, 
p- 101, for Eros (Lycus) minutus, F. So far as I know no 
other species has yet been referred to it. The present 
insect entirely agrees with the generic characters pre- 
sented by P. minutus. The areolets in neither, however, 
can be said to be well defined. The most striking 


genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 403 
characteristic is that there are three nearly equal and 
squarish pits in front, while behind there are two lateral 
ones opening into a very short central groove. The 
excavated production of the head in front is very 
remarkable. P. nasutus differs from P. minutus in its 
more sordid yellow colour; in the thorax not being black 
but pitchy, with yellow ridges and margins; and in the 
coarser sculpture of the elytra, which are also not 
clothed with minute scales. The antenne in P. minutus 
have the apex yellow; this is not the case here. 


ConpEris, Waterhouse [Ill. Typ. Col. B. M., p. 59.] 


The genus Conderis, as proposed by Mr. Waterhouse 
for Calopteron signicolle, Kirsch., has the thorax with 
four areolets, and a central diamond-shaped groove, and 
the antenne simply serrate, but with the apical joints 
diminishing in width, in the degree of serration, and 
obliquely truncate at their apices. To this type he has 
united a species from India, C. major, Waterh., and I 
have described a third, C. miniatus, from Sumatra 
(‘Notes from the Leyden Museum,’ iv., p. 98, 1882). 
The central channel, groove, or fossa increases in dimen- 
sions in some nearly-allied genera, which should, I 
think, all be placed in the subfamily Hrotides, till it 
forms an open lozenge- or diamond-shaped areolet, 
whose angles reach the front and hind margins and 
sides, or nearly so (Taphes, Pyropterus). The two 
Species now described are typical Conderides, having a 
small central pit, formed as it were by the divided carina 
on the disk of the thorax, and united laterally with the 
side margin by a transverse ridge, running a little back, 
and faintly sinuous. 


Conderis ortentis, n. 8. 


Ater, opacus, thoracis carinulis et marginibus parum 
nitidis, elytris striga humerali, sutura, margine, et costis 
pube purpureo micantibus, antennis maris corporis fere 
longitudine ; femine brevioribus. Long. 7;—9 mm., 
oa? 

Var. Elytris nigris striga humerali tantum purpurea. 
Nara; Fukushima; Oyama. 


The rufous appearance of the margins, suture, 
shoulder-stripe, and cost is owing to a velvety pile, 


404 Rey. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the 


which is no doubt easily removed by wear or any friction. 
The antenne of the male are more distinctly serrate 
from the 3rd to the 8th joints, and are fully one-quarter 
longer than those of the female. The latter is the 
smallest of three examples of this species found by 
Mr. Lewis, and, as the same difference in the antennze 
is the case in the next species, it may be generally so 
in this genus. 


Conderis pictus, n.s. (Pl. XVIL., fig. 4). 


Precedentisimillimus, elytris striga humerali, plagaque 
subapicali lete carminea. Long. 8—9 mm., 3, 2. 


Odaigahara, in Yamato, June 22nd, 1881. 


The elytra in this species have an elongate and rather 
wide stripe, equal in length to about one-third of the 
elytra, of a beautiful crimson-red before the apex, 
leaving, however, the entire margin black. Although 
from the two examples (which are all Mr. Lewis secured) 
I cannot point out any structural or other difference 
than that of colour, I feel confident it will prove to be a 
distinct species. The larger specimen is a male. 


Lyponia quadricollis. (Pl. XVILI., figs. 5, 6). 

Celetes quadricollis, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, 

p. 252. 

Eros militans, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 258, 2. 

Nagasaki; Kobe; Miyanoshita; Subashiri. 

Celetes was proposed by Newman for a North American 
species, C. basalis, Lec., which may be described as a 
Calopteron, with the antenne pectinate in the male. 
The present insect, however, has nothing to do with 
that type, but is very closely allied to the species for 
which Mr. Waterhouse proposes Lyponia (L. debilis, 
Waterh., Types of Col., p. 25), and with which it should 
clearly be associated. The genus is allied to Plateros 
by its thoracic groove, and elytra with ten even rows of 
punctures, the alternate cost being sometimes raised. 
It differs from it in the pectinate antenne and more 
quadrate thorax. 

L. quadricollis is readily distinguished by its bright 
red elytra and evenly punctured striew; it varies from 
8 to 12 mm. in length. It was rather commonly met 
with by Mr. Lewis. 


genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 405 


Eros militans, Kiesenw., according to the type in Mr. 
Lewis’ collection, is simply a rather faded female example 
of this species. 


Lyponia delicatulus. 


Eros delicatulus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, 
p. 254’. 

Nagasaki; Yuyama; Oyama; Miyanoshita. 

It is rather singular that Herr Kiesenwetter appears 
not to have noticed the close affinity between this insect 
and L. quadricollis. The thoracic sculpture is the same, 
and the most striking difference (apart from its smaller 
size and more delicate build) is that the 4th and 6th 
interstices are raised, the former running into the 
suture near the apex. 


Plateros coracinus. 


Eros coracinus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, 
Pp. 257 7: 


Nagasaki!; Kobe; Yokohama; Nara; Nikko; Sawara; 
Ontaki. 


Of this species Mr. Lewis brought home about a dozen 
specimens, half of which seem to be of a larger and half of 
a smaller form. The larger ones, which are of both 
sexes, have the alternate interstices a little more distinct ; 
in the smaller ones they are almost evenly raised ; these 
are also greyer black, but the difference is altogether too 
minute to be specific. 

The males have the eyes more globose and prominent ; 
the abdomen is clearly of nine segments, the 8th only 
appearing ventrally as lobes on each side of the 9th 
narrow segment ; the 7th is not emarginate, but all the 
plates are pubescent at their margins. 

There does not appear to be any very striking generic 
difference between these species and New World Plate- 
rotes ; yet | think the Eastern Tropical and African forms 
might very conveniently be separated under the term 
Planeteros (cf. Gorh., Ann. del. Mus. Civ. di St. Nat. 
Genova., vol. xviii., 1883). 


406 Rev. H. S. Gorham’s revision of the 


Plateros purpurwestis, n. 8. 


Niger, prothorace brevi, angulis posticis acutis, disco 
nitido haud canaliculato vel carinato, inequali; elytris 
squamulis purpureis dense vestitis. Antennis serratis. 
Long. 6 mm. 


Fukushima. 


As there is but a single specimen of this it will be 
better to merely indicate it here than to give a longer 
description. The elytra, which appear of a rich brown 
hue from the scales which clothe them, will sufficiently 
distinguish it in its genus. 


Plateros ? nothus. 
Eros nothus, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1874, p. 258. 
Otsu; Biwa Lake; Nara; Samegai; Kobe. 


I should not like to make a genus for this insect 
without further acquaintance with the types of some 
other Eastern Platerotes and Calochromi, described by 
Mr. Waterhouse, but which, owing to the removal of the 
collections of the British Museum, I am unable to make 
at present. It combines certain characters of both 
genera, having a rude obsolete channel on the disk of 
the thorax, with a short oblique ridge starting from a 
little above the hind angles on each side of the thorax. 
The antenne also are unlike those of Plateros, having a 
distinct bead-shaped second joint, and those following 
not compressed nor serrate, but pubescent; all these 
characters indicating a type but little developed, and 
highly synthetic. 

Seven specimens were taken by Mr. Lewis in 1881. 


Plateros ? lineatus, n. 8. 


Nigro-fuscus, prothorace brevi disco carinato et per 
carinulam transversam sinuatam in areolas quatuor 
diviso, elytris quadricostatis, intervallis serie duplici 
punctorum, costis (presertim externis) et ad basin brun- 
neis, squamosis. Long. 6;—7 mm. 


Kashiwagi. 


This is again a form unknown to me, but for which I 
do not at present think it well to institute a genus. Of 


genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 407 


two specimens taken by Mr. Lewis, one has rather longer 
antenne than the other, and is no doubt the male ; they 
are scarcely serrate in either specimen. 

It bears a strong resemblance to Hros velatus, but the 
thorax is divided into four areolets, something as in 
Conderis. The elytra appear firm and rather flat, with 
the four coste evenly raised, but the 1st and the 8rd 
terminate before the apex. 


PRISTOLYCUS, N. g. 


Caput oculis mediocribus, antennis quam corpus brevyi- 
oribus, leviter serratis, 1l-articulatis. Thorax trans- 
versus, antice angustatus, angulis posticis prominulis 
subacutis, marginibus parum reflexis, disco obsolete 
crebrius punctato, leviter et obsolete canaliculato. Scu- 
tellum integrum. Elytra haud reticulata, creberrime 
confluenter punctata, costis tribus ante apicem desinenti- 
bus. Pedes mediocres, tarsi quinque-articulati, articulo 
tertio obconico, quarto subtus longe lamellato. 


Pristolycus saqulatus, n.s. (Pl. XVIL., fig. 8). 


Niger, subnitidus, prothoracis marginibus antice piceis, 
elytris roseo-miniatis, prope suturam infuscatis, margine, 
sutura et costis nigris, scutellum nigrum punctulatum. 
Bong 10 mm., J?) 2. 


Junsai. 


- The very remarkable insect for which I propose this 
genus has the general appearance of being one of the 
Lycide. It presents, however, so many points in which 
the structure is divergent from the family that its 
position is doubtful. The antenne are closely inserted 
on the front of the small head, which is sunk in the 
prothorax. The maxillary palpi have their apical joint 
cylindrical, and the labial are small, not enlarged at the 
apices. The middle coxe are separated only by a narrow 
ridge of the mesosternum. The trochanters are small 
pieces closely applied to the bases of the femora. Of 
the abdomen I cannot speak precisely, the specimens 
having shrunk a good deal; they may all be females, 
and I can only detect six ventral segments ; at all events 
the structure is not dissimilar to that of many female 
Lampyride. It is black, with no indication of being 
luminous. The prothorax has the hind angles turned 


TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883,—PART IV. (NOV.) 2H 


408 Rey. H. S. Gorham’s revision of the 


outwards, a character very unusual in the Lampyride, 
but common in the Lycide. Till we can ascertain the 
sexes it is hardly possible to say more about this insect. 


LAMPYRIDA. 
LucIvina, n. g. 


Lucidote affinis; antenne compresse, maris leviter 
serrate, femine breviores simplices. Ungues (maris) 
anteriores basi valde uncinato-dentati, interiores sub- 
dentati. 


Lucidina accensa, nu. 8s. (Pl. XVIL., figs. 9—9 ¢). 


Nigerrima ; prothorace roseo, fusco limbato, vitta 
mediana sat lata, ad basin transversim expansa nigra, 
abdominis segmentis tribus ventralibus apicalibus cum 
pygidiali roseo-diaphanis. Long. 18 mm., 3, 2. 

Mas. Unguibus anterioribus basi, dente acuto cur- 
vato armatis. 


Nara ; Tokio. 


Much larger than L. biplagiata, Mots. (vulnerata, 
Kies.), and the claws with a much more acute and longer 
tooth. The antenne are wider, and the thorax more 
vividly coloured. Four specimens. 


Lucidina byplagiata. 


Lucidina biplagiata, Mots., Bull. Mose., 1., p. 167. 
Lucidota vulnerata, Kiesenw., Berl. Ent. Zeits., xviii., 
1874, p. 260. 

L. angusticollis, Kiesenw., l.c., p. 261. 

Kobe ; Hitoyoshi; Junsai; Nagasaki; Hiogo; Yoko- 
hama; Yuyama; Nara; in May and June. 

Met with again, but not apparently in great numbers, 
by Mr. Lewis. The tooth on the claws of this species 
is much less conspicuous than in L. accensa. After 
examining the type of L. angusticollis, kindly lent me 
by Mr. Lewis, I can only come to the conclusion that it 
differs from other males of L. biplagiata through an 
extraordinary malformation of the pronotum. 


genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 409 


Lncidota ? discicollis. 
Lucernula discicollis, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 258. 
Nagasaki; Kobe; Kashiwagi; Nara. 
Neither this nor the following species are typical 


Lucidote, being more ovate, and having diaphanous 
patches on the thorax in front. 


Lucidota ? fumosa, n. 8. 
Nigro-fumosa, opaca, prothorace antice angustato 
rotundato, areolis duabus translucidis. 
Fukushima, and Tsukuba-yama. 


Nearly of the same form and characters as L. disci- 
collis, but the thorax narrows much more in front, and 
has no discal yellow patch. 

About six specimens were met with. 


[Lucidota tabida, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 259.] 
Yokohama. 


I examined the type of this, and believe it is only an 
immature and discoloured specimen of JL. biplagiata, 
and by no means fitted for a type of such a soft insect. 


Luciola picticollis. 

Luciola picticollis, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 262; Gorh., 
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 102. 

L. cruciata, Harold, Deuts. Ent. Zeits., 1877, p. 857 
(nec Mots.) 

Hakodaté ; Junsai; Samegai. 

Most of the specimens are from the last-named place, 

taken in July. 


Luciola vitticollis. 


Luciola vitticollis, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 261; Gorh., 
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 108. 

Tokio; Yuyama; Hitoyoshi; Nikko. 

This is the larger species, according to Kiesenwetter’s 
description, and is one of the finest in the genus. The 
thorax is sometimes without the vitta. 

It occurred in May. 


410 Rev. H. 8. Gorham’s revision of the 


Luciola parvula. 
Luciola parvula, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 263. 


This is a small species of the L. indica type, but with 
the red thorax partly infuscate, and (with the head) 
coarsely punctate ; the elytra are also strongly punctured 
and substriate. 

There is only one specimen (a male) in Mr. Lewis’ 
collection now; it is distinct from any other species I have 
examined. 

Luciola gorham. 


Luciola Gorhami, Ritsema, Notes from the Leyden 
Museum, v., p. 4 [1882]. 

L. afinis, Gorham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1880, 
p- 101 (nec Ritsema, Tijdschr. v. Ent., xviii. 
(1875), p. 129). 

L. preusta, Kiesenw., loc. cit., p. 263; Lewis, Cat. 
Col. Jap., p. 17, No. 1206 (nec. Eschscholtz, 
Entom. 1. (1822), p. 57). 


The differences between this species and what I regard 
as L. vespertina, Fab., have been pointed out by me in 
the place cited. I have seen no reason to alter my 
opinion as to the distinctness of either this or other 
forms of the vespertina group ; but great confusion exists 
in the synonymy. I cannot yet tell what the type of 
L. japonica, Thunb., may prove to be, but the description 
(Fab., Mant. i. 162) does not point to this species: ‘‘ L. 
flava segmento abdominis antepenultimo nigro. . . Tota 
flava, antennis, oculis, alis segmentoque abdominis ante- 
penultimo nigris’’; for the insect, of which there is a 
single specimen in Mr. Lewis’ collection, is closely allied 
to L. vespertina, has the head black, as well as the apex 
of the elytra, and has the antepenultimate segment 
entirely yellow. Olivier (Ent. 1., No. 28, 19) expressly 
says, “‘La téte est d’un jaune fauve, avec la partie 
supérieure et les yeux noires.”’ It must be remembered 
that all authors are but following Thunberg, who after 
all may have been describing a Cape of Good Hope 
insect. I propose therefore to omit L. japonica from 
the list at present. 


[Luciola lateralis, Mots., Schrenk, Reis., 1860, p. 114 ; 
Lewis, Cat. Col. Jap., p. 17, No. 1208. Referred to 
Dauria, E. Siberia, by Motschulsky. I have not seen it 
from Japan.|] 


genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera. 411 


EXPLANATION oF PuatE XVII. 


Fic. 1. Macrolycus pectinifer, male. 
2: A iy female. 
3. Mesolycus puniceus. 
3a. Claws of hind leg of male. 
36. Claws of middle leg of female. 
4. Conderis pictus. 
. Lyponia quadricollis, male. 
: re - female. 
. Eros erythropterus. 
8. Pristolycus sagulatus. 
9. Lucidina accensa. 
9 


a, 9b. Claws of ditto, male, showing the outer and inner 
claws, middle leg. 


9c. Terminal ventral segments of ditto, male. 
The details of the claws are magnified about 60 diameters. 


5 
6 
7 


( 413 ) 


XX. First Report on the Rhynchota collected in Japan by 
Mr. George Lewis. By W. L. Distant. 


[Read November 7th, 1883.] 


PuatTEs XIX, XX. 


Or the extensive and interesting collection of Rhynchota 
made by Mr. Lewis, the present paper deals with the 
families Pentatomide, Coreide, Lygeide, and Pyrrho- 
coride, with a few supplementary descriptions of species 
belonging to the Reduviide. The first four families 
alone are, however, now enumerated, the identification 
of the remaining Heteroptera and the small collection of 
Homoptera being reserved for a second paper. The 
present enumeration comprises 109 species, of which 383 
are described as new; and three new genera are also 
proposed. ‘The supplementary or anticipatory descrip- 
tions of Reduviide refer to four species, thus making a 
total of 87 presumed novelties. 

The present material supports the conclusion that 
the Japanese subregion of the great Palearctic region 
possesses but few European or Siberian species, and, 
what was much less expected, that those from the 
Amur are also, as a rule, distinct. Thus I formerly 
received a species of the genus T'ropicoris from Japan, 
which seemed so to agree with the description of the 
Amurian T’. metallifer, Motsch., that I had little doubt 
as to its identity. On subsequently receiving the true 
species from the Amur, I found that the Japanese speci- 
mens were alike in colour and size, but strikingly 
distinct in the structural character of the pronotal 
angles. Mr. Scott, who dealt with the former collection 
made by Mr. Lewis, also enumerated the common 
European species Gastrodes* ferrugineus, but in the 
same year the late Dr. Stal—who was no specific splitter 
—described the Japanese insect as a distinct species. 
The European species which I have found in these 
families are— 


* The generic name Platygaster, as used by both Scott and Stal, 
is preoccupied in Hymenoptera; I have therefore followed Dr. 
Puton in substituting that of Gastrodes of Westwood. 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—pParT Iv. (NOV.) 


414 Mr. W. L. Distant’s jirst report on the 


Eurygaster maurus. Tropicoris rujipes. 
Zicrona caerulea. Corizus maculatus. 
Carpocoris nigricornis. »  crassicornis. 
Dolycoris verbasci. Lygeus equestris. 


Rubiconia intermedia. 


These are all familiar names of abundant species, and 
the inference which I thereby assume is, that when 
European species are found in Japan they are those 
which are widely distributed throughout the Palearctic 
region. Another very noticeable and peculiar character 
in such species—and one that has been already pointed 
out by the specialists in other orders—is in the large 
size they attain in Japan, Carpocoris nigricornis and 
Tropicoris rufipes being particularly developed in that 
respect, and the same statural increase is also evident 
in widely distributed species of the Oriental region when 
found in Japan, as is strikingly shown by Plautia 
Jinbriata. 

As regards the Oriental affinities of the Japanese 
Rhynchotal fauna much greater difficulty exists in form- 
ing an opinion, owing to the imperfection of the little- 
worked Oriental specific record. When the species of 
that region are even approximately enumerated, some of 
these now first described from Japan will doubtless be 
found to have a far wider range of habitat, and there- 
fore it would be unscientific and misleading to speak of 
any of the species here described as endemic till we 
know more of the surrounding Rhynchotal faunas. 

It is clear, however, that the Oriental species found in 
Japan are very considerable, and the conclusion derived 
from these imperfect data is that, as might reasonably 
have been predicted, the Rhynchotal fauna of Japan has 
been largely derived from Palearctic elements derived 
from and by the north, and from Oriental species which 
have evidently and necessarily entered by the south. 

The following is an enumeration of the species be- 
longing to the families to which this paper principally 
refers :— 


PENTATOMIDA. 
PLATASPINA. 
Coptosoma cribraria, Fabr., var. .. Yokohama, Nagasaki. 
-: biguttula, Motsch. .. Nagasaki. 
CYDNINA. 
Cydnus nigritus, Fabr. as .. Yokohama, Sendai. 


Geotomus punctulatus, Costa, var. .. Yokohama, Nagasaki, Hitoyoshi. 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 


Macroscytus javanus, Mayr .. 
Chilocoris nitidus,Mayr .. 
Canthophorus triguttatus, Scott 


415 


Hakodaté, Kashiwagi, Kurigahara. 
Kobé. 
Kumamoto, Ichiuchi. 


3 niveimarginatus, Scott. Nagasaki, Hiogo, Seba. 
6 variegatus, D. 8. Sapporo. 
SCUTELLERINA. 


Pecilochroma lewisi, n. s. 
Eurygaster maurus, Linn. 


Yokohama, Nikk6, Kashiwagi. 
Nikk6, Seba. 


ASOPINAL. 


Zicrona cerulea, Linn. 


Yokohama, Shichinohe. 


Neocazira confragosa, nu. g. and Ss. Suyama. 
Picromerus lewisi, Scott. Hakodaté, Fukushima. 
i similis, n.s. Hakodate. 
Neoglypsus viridicatus, Dist. Chiuzenji. 
PENTATOMINA. 


Bolbocoris reticulatus, Dall. .. 
Graphosoma lineata, Linn. 
Scotinophora lurida, Burm. .. 

eS scottii, Hory. 

hor vathi, Thai Sare 
Erthesina fullo, Thunb. 
Laprius gastricus, Thunb. 
Anaria lewisi, Scott .. 
>»  assimulans, 0D. Ss. 

Halyomorpha picus, Fabr. 


Palomena angulosa, Motsch. 


Rubiconia intermedia, Wolft. 
Carpocoris nigricornis, Fabr. 
Dolycoris verbasci, DeGeer. .. 
Ablia fieberi, Scott. 
Sepontia @nea, 0.8. .. a SE 
Stollia guttigera, Thunb. .. be 
SP LCIRUSUeeTls) San aes é 
Carbula humerigera, Uhler. . 
Eurydema rugosa, Motsch. 
Alcimus borealis, 0. 8. 
Parastrachia fulgens, 
Nezara antennata, Scott. 
dula, Linn., var. ? x 5 
Plautia fimbriata, Fabr. ee ac 
Menida violacea, Motsch. 


g. and S: 
N. viri- 


Kobé, Shimonosuwa, Wada togé. 

Hakodate. 

Yokohama, Nagasaki. 

Konosé, Osaka, Fusan. 

Yokohama. 

Yokohama. 

Nagasaki. 

Yokohama, Hiogo. 

Nagasaki. 

Nikké, Yokohama, Nagasaki, Ogura 
Lake, Kashiwagi. 

Hakodaté, Fukushima, Kashiwagi, 
Yagohara. 

Fukushima. 

Hakodaté, Yagohara. 

Hakodate, through Nara. 

Tokio, Kobé, Shimonosuwa. 

Kumamoto, Yuyama. 

Yokohama, Nagasaki. 

Awomori, Niigata, Urasa and Seki. 

Kashiwagi, Kobe. 

Hakodaté, Fukushima. 

Nara. 

Yokohama, Konosé. 


Kumamoto, Kioto. 

Nagasaki, Ichiuchi. 

Fukushima, Yagohara, Shimono- 
suwa, Niigata. 


5 japonica, n.s. Nagasaki. 
Piezodorus rubro-fasciatus, Fabr. Yokohama. 
Tropicoris rufipes, Linn. .. Hakodaté, Buno. 

i japonicus, Dist. .. .. Hakodate. 
Compastes obtusa, Walk. .. .. Hiogo. 
ACANTHOSOMINA:. 


Acanthosoma distincta, Dall. 


Sastragala scutellata, Scott. .. 


Yokohama, Nikké, Hakodaté, 
Fukushima. 
Hiogo. 


416 Mr. W. L. Distant’s jirst report on the 


Clinocoris nubilus, Dall. 

a putoni, Scott. 

. signoreti, Scott. 

+ gramineus, 0.8. .«. 
Urochela luteovaria, Dist. 
Urostylis striicornis, Scott. .. 


Yokohama, Bukenji, Oyama. 
Yokohama, Kobé. 
Horobetsu. 

Chiuzenji, 

Fukushima, Tagami, Seba. 
Hakodaté, Fukushima. 


DINIDORINZ. 


Megymenum tauriformis, n. s. 


.. Kashiwagi, Nara. 


PHYLLOCEPHALIN. 


Gonopsis afinis, Uhler. 


Prionolomia fuliginosa, Uhler. 


Yokohama, Hakodaté, Nagasaki. 


COREIDA. 
COREINA. 
Nikk6, Chiuzenji, Hakodaté, Seba, ° 


Kurigahara. 


Homeocerus unipunctatus, Thunb... Nagasaki. 


ne sp. undeterm. .. 
Pachycephalus opacus, Uhler. 
Acanthocoris sordidus, Thunb. 
Cletus rusticus, Stal. .. 
Megalotomus costalis, Stal. 
Riptortus clavatus, Thunb. .. 
Paralepsius unicolor, Scott. .. 


Yokohama, Nagasaki. 
Yokohama, Nagasaki, Mayebashi. 
Yokohama, Nikké, Nagasaki. 
Tagami. 

Hitoyoshi, Kioto. 

Nikk6é, Kobé. 


CORIZIN A. 
Corizus maculatus, Fieb. Nagasaki. 
»  crassicornis, Linn. Yokohama. 
LYGAIDA. 
LYGAINA. 
Melanospilus elegans, n.3s. Niigata. 
Lygeus equestris, Linn. Junsai, Nagasaki. 
Arocatus sericans, Stal. Kumamoto. 
a melanostoma, Scott. Kiga, Nagasaki. 
Nysius plebeius, n. 8. .. Yokohama. 
» expressus, N. 8. Niigata. 
CYMIN A. 
Ischnorhynchus nubilus, n. s. -- Yokohama. 
Cymus aurescens, N.S. Chiuzenji. 
BLISSINA. 
Ischnodemus spinicaput, Scott. Yokohama. 
" obnubilus, n. 8... Yokohama. 


Chauliops fallax, Scott. 
Blissus pallipes, n.s... 
»  vicoloripes, n.s. 


Nagasaki, Seba. 
Yokohama, Niigata. 
Yokohama, Nagasaki. 


GEOCORINAE. 


Geocoris varius, Uhler. 
» proteus, n.s. ee 


-- Yokohama. 
-. Yokohama, Nagasaki, Otsu, 
Niigata. 


ba ite mins taclilinsl 


a 


UE ee 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 417 


PACHYGRONTHINA 
Pachygrontha antennata, Uhler. .. Yokohama, :Nagasaki, Hitoyoshi, 
Kobé. 


MYODOCHIN#. . 


Prosomeus brunneus, Scott. .. Kobé. 

Pamera ejuncida, n. s. Ke Nagasaki. 
»  exigua,n.s... Nagasaki. ; 
7 ugund, 1. s. 2. A Kumamoto, Hosokuteé. 
1  erubescens, n. 8. Ar Yokohama. 
»  hemiptera, Scott. .. Yokohama, Shibukawa. 
» lateralis, Scott. HS Yokohama, Nagasaki. 
» rustica, Scott. Nagasaki, 
»  festiva,n.s. . Sanjo. 
»,  pallicornis, Dall. Nagasaki. 
»,  albomarginata, Scott. Kashiwagi. 

Plociomera japonica, n. 8. Nagasaki. 


Lasiosomus pallipes, Scott. 
Pachymerus japonicus, Stal. 
Tropistethus antennatus, Scott. 
Dieuches abbreviatus, Scott. 

ee dissimilis, n. 8. 


Yokohama, Nagasaki. 
Yokohama, Nagasaki, Wada togé. 
Nagasaki. 

Yokohama, Nagasaki. 

Hakodaté, Ono. 


Paradieuches lewisi, n. g. and s. Yokohama. 
Peantius lineatus, Stal. oc Nagasaki. 
Gastrodes japonicus, Stal. .. Nagasaki. 
Letheus lewisi, n.s. .. Nagasaki. 
Drymus marginatus, n.s.  .. .. Ichiuchi. 
Lamproplax membraneus, ni. s. -. Yokohama, Nikké, Nagasaki. 
an » var. pallescens. Nagasaki. 
PYRROCORIDA. 
LARGINA. 


Physopelta gutta, Burm. Ichiuchi, Hitoyoshi. 


PYRRHOCORINA. 


Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Kobé, 
Tagami. 


Pyrrhocoris tibialis, Stal. 


Coptosoma cribraria, Faby. 


There appears to be a distinct race of this species in 
Japan. The typical Fabrician form is wide-ranging, 
and I have received it from Continental India, Malacca, 
and Formosa. In these habitats it does not vary, but 
possesses the usual pale colour, as is well shown in Her- 
rich-Schaffer’s figure. In Japan, however, it is constantly 
darker in hue, and on the average larger in size; the last 
a character, however, of little moment, and of frequent 
occurrence with other Japanese examples of common 
Palearctic and Oriental species.’ 


418 My. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


Geotomus punctulatus, Costa, var. 


Cydnus punctulatus, Costa, 2° Cent. Napol. (1847), 30, 
8, pl. 5, f. 11; Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1883, 
p. 54, 25, Cyd., pl. xix., f. 164. 

Dr. Signoret, to whom I submitted this species, re- 
turned it with the following remarks :—‘‘ Geotomus trés 
voisin du punctulatus, Costa, de ’EHurope; en differe par 
un seul poil sur le rebord de la téte prés des yeux, par 
Vabsence de point piligére sur le coté des élytres, par le 
radiale n’atteignant pas l’extremité de la corie —du 
reste, méme forme et méme canal ostiolaire, voir fig. 160 
Sign., planche 18 des Cydnides, ce qui le rapproche de 
pygmeus, Dall., fig. 160, et Lethierryi, fig. 159. Seule- 
ment le votre est plus obése ; revoir avec le type pygmeus, 
Dall., qui me semble plus étroit, et en faire une espece 
nouvelle, si vous les trouvez assez différent.”’ 

Having submitted all the Cydnine which were at all 
doubtful to Dr. Signoret, who has recently made a pro- 
found and critical study of this subfamily, I here add his 
description of the following new species :— 


Canthophorus variegatus, Sign. 

‘Long. 5 mill.; larg. 3 m. fort. Coll. Distant. 

‘Ovalaire, d’un brun noir métallique, ponctué. Les 
bords latéraux du prothorax, le rostre en partie, le second 
article des antennes, les élytres en grand partie, surtout 
le coté externe et le cubitus, le pourtour de l’extrémite 
de l’écusson, les tibias moins le sommet, le sommet et 
la base de chaque segment ventral, 3 taches sur les 
cotés de l’abdomen, d’un jaune brun. 

‘‘La majeure partie des élytres est d’un jaune brun, 
avec deux macules noiratres, une a la base de la corie entre 
le radiale et le cubitale, l’autre plus grande, au sommet, 
laquelle s’étend aussi sur l’espace marginal. Téte 
échancrée, le lobe médian plus court que les latéraux qui 
le dépassent, mais sans le réunir au-de-la ; ceux-ci légére- 
ment réfléchis ; antennes avec le second article beaucoup 
plus court que le 8e, celui-ci trois fois plus long. Rostre 
atteignant les trochanters intermédiaires. Membrane 
brune, ne dépassant pas l’abdomen, avec des fortes ner- 
vures sinueuses. Poitrine ponctuée. Plaques mattes, 
grandes, ponctuées, et legerement striées. Canal ostiolaire 
sans ouverture visible, et occupant les } transverses du 
métasternum. Abdomen brun métallique, varié de plus 
clair, surtout a la base et au sommet de chaque segment. 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 419 


“Cette espéce ne peut étre confondue avec aucune 
autre ; en taille elle se rapproche du Tritomegas bicolor, 
en couleur du Crocistethus Waltlii; mais par le canal 
ostiolaire sans ouverture ou fissure elle se distingue de 
tous les Sehirides. 


*“ Hab. Sapporo.” 


Peecilochroma lewisi, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 1). 


&. Above bright emerald-green, thickly and darkly 
punctate, and with the following red markings: pronotum 
with the posterior margin continued in an arcuate 
discal fascia and connected with a central longitudinal 
fascia; scutellum with two central basal <-shaped 
fascie, two discal oblique fasciz# angularly connected at 
centre (the connection sometimes imperfect) and with a 
transverse subapical fascia, which is lineately widened 
at centre and continued along the apical margin. Body 
beneath with the head and sternum bright emerald-green ; 
posterior margin of prosternum—broadly at angles— 
ochraceous ; posterior margin of mesosternum, and whole 
area of odoriferous apertures, opaque silky fuscous ; abdo- 
men ochraceous, with a broad central and outwardly angu- 
late greenish-black fascia; the anal appendage and a 
marginal segmental row of large pyriform spots of the 
same colour; legs and rostrum bright emerald-green. 
Antenne black, finely pilose; 3rd, 4th, and 5th joints 
subequal in length ; eyes more or less ochraceous, ocelli 
red. Besides the punctuation above, there is also a more 
or less irregularly distributed dark carinate reticulation. 

@. Larger and broader than the male; markings 
above similar, beneath with the legs ochraceous; lateral 
margins of the head, bases of acetabula, some lateral 
suffusions on sternum, upper apices of femora, and the 
tibia, more or less bright and pale shining greenish; 
anal appendage, a lateral row of segmental spots and a 
few central basal spots to abdomen, and apical portion 
of the rostrum, very dark greenish black. ¢, long. 
16 mm.; exp. lat. angl. pronot., 10 mm. 2, long. 
19 mm.; exp. lat. angl. pronot., 113 mm. 


Hab. Nikko, Kashiwagi, Chiuzenji, Yokohama. 


This species is nearest allied to the North-east Indian 
P. wnterrupta, Hope. 


420 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


NEOCAZIRA, Ni. g. 


Head long and obliquely deflexed, lateral lobes slightly 
longer than the central, rugose, with two central short 
obtuse conical spines. Pronotum rugose, with two discal 
obtuse conical spines, a shorter spine near centre of 
lateral margins, and the lateral angles prominently but 
obtusely spinous. Scutellum broad, deeply and concavely 
sinuate near base, and then convexly widened and dilated 
to apex, which is rounded and almost reaches the ab- 
dominal apex; gibbous and obtusely crenulate at base, 
with a raised tubercle at centre, the apical portion 
deflexed, and the apical margin obtusely crenulate. 
Connexivum obtusely crenulate. Anterior femora in- 
crassated, crenulate, and armed with some prominent 
spines on under surface ; anterior tibie broadly and con- 
cavely dilated, and armed near anterior margin with a 
distinct but somewhat obtuse spine; intermediate and 
posterior femora crenulate, armed with a prominent 
spine beneath near apex. 


This genus is allied to Cazira, from which it is sepa- 
rated by the broader, longer, and posteriorly deflexed 
scutellum, &c. 


Neocazira confragosa, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 2). 


Blackish, more or less covered with greyish pile. An- 
tenne dark castaneous, the apical joint ochraceous, with 
its base castaneous, 2nd joint a little shorter than the 
3rd, 38rd and 4th sxbequal in length, the 4th and 5th 
distinctly incrassated. Head thickly covered with greyish 
pile; the eyes dark fuscous. Pronotum less pilose at 
centre, where there is a central longitudinal posteriorly 
widened darker area; all the spines darker, and particu- 
larly rugulose at base. Scutellum with the central 
longitudinal area somewhat non-pilose and darker, the 
raised central tubercle pale castaneous, behind which 
the deflexed area is fuscous. Corium somewhat thickly 
and palely pilose. Membrane fuscous. Anterior legs 
dark fuscous, some of the tubercles on the femora and 
tibiz being obscure castaneous, the apices of the tarsal 
joints ochraceous. Intermediate and posterior femora 
dark fuscous, spotted with ochraceous, especially towards 
the apex; tibie dark fuscous, their apical halves ochra- 
ceous, more or less tinged with castaneous; tarsi fuscous, 
the bases of the 1st joint and apices of the 2nd and 8rd 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 421 


luteous. Body beneath (carded specimen) greyish ochra- 
ceous, mottled with fuscous, with an abdominal marginal 
series of fuscous spots. Long. 6} mm.; exp. pronot. 
angl., 44 mm. 

Hab. Yuyama. 


Picromerus similis, ni. 8. 


In colour, markings, and general appearance almost 
undistinguishable from P. lewisi, Scott, but structurally 
differing from that species by the lateral angles of the 
pronotum, which are less produced, more obtusely 
pointed, and distinctly curved backward at their apices, 
where they are slightly castaneous. Long. 12 mm.; 
exp. pronot. angl. 8 mm. 


Hab. Hakodate. 


Graphosoma lineata, Linn. 


The varietal form G. nigrolineata, Rossi, was alone 
brought home by Mr. Lewis, although the form G. rubro- 
lineata, Hope, is also found in Japan. 


Scotinophora horvathi, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 3). 


Scotinophora vermiculata,- Horv. (nec Vollenh.), Term. 
fuzetek., ili., p. 1438, n. 12 (1879). 

Differs from S. vermiculata, Voll. (an Indo-Malayan 
species), by the lateral lobes of the head being distinctly 
longer than the central, and thus causing a strongly cleft 
excavation at the apex of the head; the anterior angles 
of the pronotum are very long and robust, curved and 
directed forwards, their apices truncate, but armed with 
three small spines; antenne black, the base of the Ist 
joint luteous. Long. 9 mm.; greatest abdom. width, 
6 mm. 


Hab. Yokohama. 


AEnaria assimulans, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 4). 


Closely allied to A’. lewisi, but more ochraceous in 
hue; antenne with the 4th and 5th joints black, their 
apices luteous; pronotum with two small black spots on 
disk a little before anterior margin; scutellum with two 
small central black spots at base, and with two obscure 
lateral spots near apex. 


429, Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


This species structurally differs from 47. lewisi in the 
following respects :—The anterior angles of the pronotum 
are more truncate and acute, and less rounded ; the base 
of the pronotum is not truncate, but slightly though dis- 
tinctly concave ; and the scutellum is very different, the 
lateral margins being concavely narrowed nearly to the 
apex, and not abruptly sinuate a little beyond the middle, 
as in Scott’s species. Long. 12—13 mm. 


Hab. Nagasaki. 


Palomena angulosa. 

Cimex angulosus, Motsch., Etud., 10, p. 23 (1861). 

This species varies from green—the prevalent and 
normal colour—to luteous above, thus approaching to 
P. rubricornis, Scott; a species not contained in the col- 
lection, and which, judging from the description and the 
absence of any “‘ differentia specifica,” appears to have 
been separated by the red antenne. 


Sepontia @nea, ni. s. 


Above, dark bronzy-green; anterior and lateral margins 
of the pronotum and three well separated spots at base 
of scutellum (the central largest), bright luteous; basal 
disk of pronotum and some discal suffusions to scutellum 
ochraceous: antenne ochraceous, 4th and 5th joints 
darker, sometimes pitchy ; eyes brownish; body beneath 
bronzy-green; lateral margins of sternum (widest at 
prosternum), and an abdominal marginal segmental 
row of spots (sometimes extending to sternum), luteous ; 
legs ochraceous ; the femora, and a basal and subapical 
annulation to tibiz, bronzy-green. The head and pro- 
notum are very thickly and coarsely punctate, the scu- 
tellum somewhat more finely punctate, especially near the 
base. Antenne with the 2nd joint slightly shorter than 
the third, 4th longer than the 3rd, but shorter than the 
5th. The body beneath is thickly and coarsely punctate. 
Long. 33—4 mm. ; lat. 3—3} mm. 

Hab. Yuyama, Kumamoto. 


This interesting genus was founded by Stal to contain 
two species, one from South Africa, the other received 
from Java and the Philippines; trom the last the 
Japanese species is very distinct, both in colour and 
also by the relative lengths of the 2nd and 8rd joints of 
the antenne. 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 423 


Stollia lewisi, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 6). 


Luteous, coarsely and darkly punctate. Head shining 
purplish-black, rugosely punctate; antenne luteous, the 
5th joint, excluding base, and apical half or two-thirds of 
the 4th, black. Pronotum with the lateral angles very 
prominent, subacute and black, their apices somewhat 
recurved and their bases obtusely notched behind, the 
lateral and anterior margins luteous and glabrous, the 
whole surface coarsely covered with black punctures, 
and with two foveate black spots near anterior margin. 
Scutellum not reaching the apex of corium, covered with 
coarse black punctures, the basal angles blackish and 
containing a large glabrous, raised, luteous spot, the 
apex with a central and two lateral small black spots. 
Corium coarsely black-punctate ; membrane fuscous, the 
apical margin paler. Body beneath as above, the disk 
of the abdomen blackish, and its lateral margins nar- 
rowly luteous and glabrous, broken with black at the 
segmental incisures. Legs luteous, faintly spotted with 
black, the femora more distinctly spotted, apices of the 
tarsi black. Long. 6 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 5 mm. 


Hab. Awomori, Urasa and Seki, Niigata. 


The acutely produced lateral angles of the pronotum 
give this species anything but a congeneric appearance, 
compared with other species of the genus Stollia, and 
rather superficially allies it with Carbula, from which 
the broad scutellum will at once separate it. 


Alcimus borealis, n.s. 


Luteous, thickly covered with coarse dark brown or 
blackish punctures. Head greenish black, coarsely 
punctate, with a small central spot near base, an oblique 
spot at inner margin of each eye, and two frontal longi- 
tudinal fascie on inner margin of lateral lobes, luteous. 
Antenne black, the 1st joint testaceous, 3rd joint slightly 
longest. Pronotum with the anterior margin, a cruciform 
spot behind centre of same, and the anterior portion of 
lateral margins in front of pronotal processes, luteous 
and levigate; the anterior space between the luteous 
margins and the apices of the pronotal angular processes 
greenish black, the last being notched above, and then 
acutely produced and slightly directed backwards. Scu- 
tellum with a somewhat large levigate luteous spot near 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—pPaRT Iv. (Nov.) 21 


424 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


each basal angle. Corium with a narrow oblique casta- 
neous stripe near centre. Membrane fuscous. Body be- 
neath (imperfectly examined owing to the specimen being 
carded) dark brownish and punctate, much irrorated with 
luteous markings, generally levigate, of which the most 
prominent are some central spots on sternum, two large 
contiguous spots on lateral margins of prosternum, and 
the central base of same, two transverse lineate spots on 
each side of mesosternum, an oblong submarginal spot, 
and two narrow marginal spots to metasternum with base 
of same, lateral margins of abdomen broken at incisures, 
and anterior and posterior segmental margins. Femora 
dark shining fuscous, their apices luteous ; tibie luteous, 
striped with fuscous; tarsi black. ‘Long. 8 mm.; exp. 
pronot. angular apices, 8 mm.; lat. at base of corium, 
4+ mm. 
Hab. Nara. 


This species is allied to A. coronatus, Stal, which was 
received from the Deccan, but differs from the descrip- 
tion of that species by the colour of the antenne, femora 
and lateral margins of the pronotum, the longitudinal 
fasciee in front of the head, and also by its relative size, 
which in Stal’s species, though agreeing in length, has a 
greater expanse at pronotal angles, and also an increased 
breadth of body. From A. japonicus, Scott, it differs by 
the luteous markings of the head and pronotum, &c. 


PARASTRACHIA, N. g. 


Body elongate and ovate ; head large, the lateral lobes 
longer than the central, not meeting in front, the lateral 
margins slightly amphated and very strongly reflexed ; 
antenne with the basal joint passing the apex of the 
head; pronotum with the lateral margins reflexed, the 
anterior lateral margins ampliated, the anterior angles 
subacute, the posterior angles somewhat broadly rounded 
and subprominent; scutellum long, the lateral margins 
almost straight, the apex attenuated, the basal portion 
moderately gibbous, from which a central, longitudinal 
robust carination extends to near apex; corium with the 
lateral margins moderately convex; membrane passing 
the apex of the abdomen ; rostrum passing the posterior 
cox ; abdomen with a prominent central longitudinal 
ridge, but without a basal spine. 


Rhynchota collected in J. apan. 425 


The position of this genus is somewhere between the 
genera Strachia and Catacanthus, with both of which it 
has affinities. 


Parastrachia fulgens, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 5). 


Body above red; antennex, eyes, base of head, centre 
of anterior margin and a large transverse discal spot to 
pronotum, scutellum, clavus, a large rounded discal spot 
to corium and membrane, black; apical margins, a 
central linear apical line and the apex of scutellum, and 
apex of clavus, red; apical margins of membrane pale 
fuscous or reddish; body beneath red; rostrum, legs, 
disk of sternum, large submarginal segmental spots and 
anal appendage to abdomen, black; the 2nd and 8rd 
joints of the antenne are subequal in length, the 4th 
slightly longer than the 5th; the pronotum is somewhat 
obscurely punctate ; the scutellum has the central base 
levigate, the basal lateral margins transversely striate, 
and the apical half distinctly punctate; corium thickly 
and somewhat coarsely punctate; tibie very strongly 
setose. Long. 16—18 mm. 


Hab. Konosé, Yokohama. 


Plautia fimbriata. 


Cimex fimbriatus, Fabr., Mant., 2, p. 295, 162 (1787). 
Plautia Stali, Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, 
vol. 14, p. 11 (1874). 


I quite agree with Horvath in considering Japanese 
Specimens as conspecific with P. fimbriata, and can find 
no character sufficient to separate P. Stali. Japanese 
specimens are generally of a larger size, but this is quite 
a usual character with the Japanese examples of some of 
the common Palearctic species. 


Menida japonica, n. 8s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 7). 


Pale obscure luteous, coarsely and darkly punctate ; 
head greenish black, very thickly and coarsely punctate, 
with some obscure luteous lines on the ante-ocular area; 
antenne dark fuscous, the 2nd joint and the bases of the 
remaining joints dull ochraceous; pronotum with the 
lateral and anterior margins narrowly luteous and gla- 
brous, the lateral angles rounded and subprominent, the 
whole area coarsely and darkly punctate, the anterior 


426 My. W. L. Distant’s jirst report on the 


half with about seven black spots, two central and 
foveate near anterior margin, and five across disk (these 
last spots are inconstant in number), and a black spot 
at lateral angles; scutellum more sparingly and darkly 
punctate, a small black patch at basal angles containing 
a raised glabrous spot, two central black spots on anterior 
half (sometimes partly united) and two lateral black 
spots near apex, which is somewhat impunctate ; corium 
coarsely and darkly punctate; membrane fuscous, the 
apical half pale hyaline ; connexivum luteous, with black 
spots at the segmental incisures ; body beneath luteous, 
punctured with black; legs luteous, apices of the femora, 
bases and apices of tibie, and tarsi (excluding base), 
blackish ; the anterior angles of the pronotum are ob- 
tusely pointed; the 2nd and 8rd joints of the antenne 
are subequal in length and a little shorter than the 4th 
and 5th, which are also subequal. Long. 83 mm.; exp. 
pronot. angl. 5 mm. ; 


Hab. Nagasaki. 


Clinocoris gramineus, n. 8. (Pl. XIX., fig. 8). 


Bright yellowish green; head, anterior area of pro- 
notum and scutellum, pale ochraceous; head sparingly 
and coarsely punctate; antennz with the basal joint 
ochraceous, the 2nd and 8rd fuscous, 4th and 5th black, 
with their bases narrowly ochraceous, 2nd joint a little 
shorter than the 3rd, 4th a little longer than the 5th ; 
pronotum coarsely and darkly punctate, the lateral 
angles produced into long, slightly raised and recurved, 
shining black spines, which have a distinct central 
carination ; scutellum coarsely and darkly punctate, the 
apex impunctate; corium thickly and coarsely punctate, 
somewhat paler at base; membrane fuscous, exhibiting 
a distinct broad central dark fascia ; body beneath and 
legs ochraceous; rostrum with the apex pitchy, and 
reaching the base of the abdominal spine, which just 
extends beyond the intermediate coxe ; mesosternal pro- 
cess reaching or just passing the anterior coxe; the 
body beneath is impunctate, with the exception of a 
series of coarse black punctures along the anterior mar- 
gin of the prosternum. Long. 10—12 mm.; exp. pronot. 
angl. 74—8 mm. 


Hab. Chiuzenji. 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 427 


Urostylis striicornis, Scott. 

Taking the species to be represented by a portion of 
the diagnosis, viz., 1st joint of the antenne with a fuscous 
streak exteriorly, the colour certainly varies from ochra- 
ceous to greenish. I consider the species to be variable 
within the limits of the superficial characters given for the 
three described forms, U. striicornis, U. annulicornis, and 
U. westwoodti, Scott. The describer, however, states that 
he has found structural characters in the genital segments 
to separate his species; and though not questioning his 
decision, as I have not the material for verification, Iam 
still dubious whether dried specimens afford sufficient 
material for separating species on the character of the 
last genital segment having ‘‘an external spoon-shaped 
process,” as compared with being ‘broad, flat, slightly 
dilated at the apex,” or on the contrary ‘‘ aculeate,” 
especially when the species are practically indistinguish- 
able in other respects. 


Megymenum tauriformis, n. 8. 


Very dark fuscous, with bronzy reflections; antennze 
with the 2nd and 8rd joints non-dilated, but somewhat 
flattened and channelled, the 8rd and 4th about equal in 
length, the last reddish ochraceous, with the base fus- 
cous ; head with two distinct conical spines on the lateral 
margins a little in front of the eyes, the posterior spine 
minute; pronotum with an anteriorly produced conically 
dentate angulation on the anterior lateral margins at a 
little distance from the eyes, lateral margins truncate, 
with a short central spine, their anterior angles truncate, 
their posterior angles rounded, the disk uneven and 
crenulate, with a distinct rounded callosity near centre 
of anterior margin; scutellum of ordinary structure, and 
as in M. subpurpurascens, Hope; membrane pale obscure 
ochraceous, the whole disk darker and sometimes fuscous; 
margins of the abdomen broadly and obtusely dentate ; 
legs concolorous, tarsi somewhat castaneous. Long. 
133—15 mm. ; greatest pronot. exp. 7—72 mm. 

Hab. Kashiwagi, Nara. 

The structural characters of the non-dilated 2nd and 3rd 
joints of the antenne, with the 8rd and 4th joints of equal 
length, assign to this species a position in the subgenus 
Pissistes, Stal; whilst the curved and anteriorly directed 


428 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


spines near the anterior angles of the pronotum render 
it very distinct. 

Dr. Horvath, in his paper previously referred to, has 
enumerated the Megymenum spinosum, Burm., amongst 
his Japanese identifications, a course in which he was 
subsequently followed by Mr. Scott. 

The above species is very distinct from M. spinosum, 
being in fact divided by subgeneric characters; and is the 
only one now brought home by Mr. Lewis. 


Melanospilus elegans, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 9). 


Pale reddish ; head, antenne, two large central spots 
to pronotum, which are narrowed anteriorly and almost 
attain to the anterior and posterior margins, scutellum, 
clavus (excluding apex), a large irregular discal spot to 
corium, which outwardly does not reach the costal 
margin, membrane (excluding basal angle and apical 
margin), head beneath (excluding central line), a lateral 
spot to prosternum, anterior area of mesosternum, which 
is macular at lateral margin, lateral margins of meta- 
sternum, central lateral spots to abdomen, abdominal 
apex, coxe, legs, and rostrum, black; basal angle and 
apical margins of membrane whitish. The head, an- 
tenne, and legs are finely pilose, the central carinations 
of the pronotum and scutellum are very pronounced, 
and the corium is sinepes concayvely sinuate at base. 
Long. 9—10 mm. 


Hab. Niigata. 


This species differs from the description of L. cruciger, 
Motsch., by the colour of the scutellum, the absence of 
the spots described as “‘hemelytrorum quatuor cruci- 
forme dispositis,” by the presence of the central spots 
to the abdomen, &c. It is distinguished from M. fimbri- 
atus, Dall., by the colour of the head, the apex of the 
clavus, and the abdomen beneath. . 

In his List of the Japanese Rhynchota, Mr. Scott 
(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. xiv. (1874)), 
includes in the family Lygeide a ‘‘ Melanocephalus 
cruciger, Motsch.,” and in the family Pyrrhocoride 
a ‘‘ Melanospilus cruciger, Motsch.” ‘The first of these 
generic names must evidently be a misprint, whilst 
the second as clearly belongs to the Lyg@ide, and 
both evidently refer to the same species described by 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 429 


Motschulsky as L. cruciger from the Amur. I doubt very 
much whether this species occurs in Japan, and incline 
to the opinion that the species here described is the one 
to which Mr. Scott’s reference was made. 


Nysius plebeius, n.s. 

Head, pronotum, and scutellum, pitchy ochraceous, 
very coarsely punctate ; head with the apex and central 
base distinctly paler ; antenne ochraceous, apices of Ist 
and 2nd joints infuscated, 2nd joint largest, 3rd and 4th 
subequal in length; eyes pale fuscous ; pronotum with 
a central carinate line, a central spot at base and lateral 
angles paler, the last preceded by darker coloration, a 
faint transverse dark constriction before middle; scu- 
tellum with a distinct central dark carination, the basal 
margin also excavated and darker; corium very pale 
and semitransparent ochraceous, with two linear discal 
longitudinal series of spots, apex and a central spot on 
apical margin, and a few irregular spots on apical half 
of clavus, brownish ; membrane pale hyaline, slightly 
tinged with ochraceous on disk; body beneath pitchy ; 
posterior margins of pro-, meso-, and metasternums, 
coxe, and legs, ochraceous ; femora spotted with fuscous ; 
apical joint of tarsi and the rostrum fuscous. Long. 
4 mm. 


Hab. Yokohama. 


Nysius expressus, ni. 8. 

Ochraceous; head with the eyes and a somewhat 
oblique fascia on each side extending from about base of 
antenne to base of head, fuscous; antenne brownish 
ochraceous ; pronotum with two narrow transverse black 
constrictions near anterior margin, each connected 
therewith by two fuscous fasciz ; remaining portion with, 
a few scattered dark punctures, with a central pale 
levigate line and the lateral angles brownish ; scutellum 
fuscous and coarsely punctate ; corium with two linear 
brown spots on apical margin, one at apex and the other 
about centre; membrane pale hyaline, through’ which 
the dark abdomen beneath is reflected ; body beneath 
ochraceous, submarginal fascie to sternum and abdomen 
broadly fuscous, the last inwardly containing a series of 
small pale spots, and the former a large pale spot at 
metasternum, base of abdomen fuscous (owing to the 


430 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


typical and unique specimen being carded, I am unable 
to fully describe the under surface of the body) ; coxe 
and legs ochraceous; femora suffused and spotted with 
brownish ; apices of the tibie, bases of the intermediate 
and posterior tibie, and apices of the tarsal joints, fus- 
cous ; antenne with the 2nd joint longest, the 38rd and 
4th subequal in length. Long. 4 mm. 


Hab. Niigata. 


Ischnorhynchus nubilus, n. s. 


Head black, finely pilose; eyes and a basal spot 
brownish ; antenne black, the 2nd joint annulated with 
brownish near centre, and apex of 4th joint narrowly 
of the same colour; pronotum brownish ochraceous, 
sparingly but coarsely punctate, with an impressed 
transverse black fascia near anterior margin, and with 
some clusters of dark punctures forming four irregular 
brownish spots on posterior margin; posterior angles 
narrowly of the same colour; scutellum black, more or 
less covered with greyish pile, coarsely punctate, with a 
central brownish tubercular spot; corium brownish 
ochraceous, with a large irregular transverse fuscous 
spot at inner angle, containing a small testaceous spot 
at apical margin, which is also fuscous ; above the fus- 
cous spot, at outer margin of clavus, is a large pale 
olivaceous impunctate spot, and the apical 8rd is some- 
what testaceous, the clavus is longitudinally and coarsely 
punctate, and the corium is coarsely punctate along the 
disk, the costal and claval margins being impunctate ; 
membrane pale hyaline, the body beneath reflected at 
base; femora black, with their apices castaneous ; 
anterior and intermediate tibize obscure castaneous, with 
their bases black; posterior tibie and the tarsi dark 
castaneous or fuscous; body beneath black, anterior 
margin of prosternum, coxe, and posterior margin of 
metasternum ochraceous, prosternal lateral angles 
brownish. Long. 4’:mm. 


Hab. Yokohama. 


Cymus aurescens, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 10). 


Bright shining ochraceous; apical joint of the antenne, 
excluding base, a small spot at claval apex, a short 
discal longitudinal streak on corium (absent in a second 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 431 


Specimen), extreme apex of corium, and tarsal apices, 
black ; eyes and basal joint of antenne pale castaneous ; 
scutellum pale castaneous, with a central longitudinal 
impunctate luteous fascia; outer margin of clavus pale 
castaneous ; membrane pale smoky hyaline, with some 
black spots near base, and a curved pale brownish fascia 
near centre; body beneath somewhat darker (carded 
specimen) ; femora, excluding apices, tibial apices and 
tarsi, brownish. The basal joint of the antenne does not 
quite reach the apex of the head, and is barely half the 
length of the 2nd, 2nd and 8rd subequal, 4th much shorter 
than 8rd; the head is obscurely punctate; pronotum 
coarsely punctate, the extreme posterior margin im- 
punctate ; scutellum punctate on basal and lateral mar- 
gins; clavus sparingly punctate, coarsely so on outer 
margins; corium thickly punctate, the costal margin 
broadly and palely impunctate. Long. 4 mm. 


Hab. Yokohama, Chiuzenji. 


In general size and structure this species is allied to 
the European C. glandicolor, Hahn; from the North 
Indian C. tabidus, described by Stal, it differs by the 
basal joint of the antenne not reaching the apex of the 
head. 


Ischnodemus obnubilus, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 11). 


Body pilose. Head and pronotum black; eyes and 
lateral angles of pronotum castaneous. Antenne black ; 
apices of the 2nd and 3rd joints narrowly and indistinctly 
castaneous. Scutellum black. Corium ochraceous, 
with its apical 3rd piceous. Membrane either pale 
fuscous with the base narrowly greyish white, or alto- 
gether of the last colour, and only reaching the penulti- 
mate segment of the abdomen. Abdomen above piceous, 
the connexivum ochraceous. Body beneath and legs 
black ; the femoral apices, tibie, and tarsi ochraceous, 
tinged with piceous, the tarsi palest ; lateral margins of 
the abdomen narrowly castaneous. The basal area of 
the pronotum is finely transversely striate and some- 
what non-pilose, margined posteriorly by a transverse 
carinate line, in front of which are two discal incised 
lines, which are anteriorly reflected and bent at right 
angles. Long. 5 mm. 


Hab. Yokohama. 


432, Mr. W: L. Distant’s first report on the 


Blissus pallipes, n. s. 


Head and pronotum black, somewhat shining; antenne 
with the Ist and 2nd joints castaneous, the 3rd and 4th 
fuscous; eyes dark castaneous ; scutellum black, opaque; 
corium very pale ochraceous, the apical angles broadly 
black, and a subclaval brownish oblique line on each 
side ; costal margin narrowly ochraceous; clavus with 
about the basal half black, the outer margin ochraceous ; 
membrane greyish white, the veins brownish; body 
beneath piceous ; legs reddish ochraceous. The body 
both above and beneath is finely pilose; the membrane 
does not quite reach the penultimate segment of the 
abdomen, which is piceous and finely pilose. Long. 
5 mm. 


Hab. Niigata, Yokohama. 


Blissus bicoloripes, n.s. (Pl. XIX., fig. 12). 


Head, pronotum, and scutellum, black; antenneze 
piceous; corium pale stramineous; basal half and extreme 
apex of clavus, and apical area of corium, from which 
extend two short discal streaks, more or less black; mem- 
brane pale olivaceous-brown, the veins darker ; abdomen 
above and body beneath black ; femora and tibiz piceous, 
their bases and apices ochraceous; tarsi ochraceous. The 
body is finely pilose ; head and pronotum coarsely punc- 
tate; membrane neither reaching the apex nor lateral 
margins of the abdomen; anterior femora unarmed. 
Long. 3} mm. 

Hab. Nagasaki, Yokohama. 


This species appears to be allied to B. gibbus, Fabr., 
an Indian species, from the description of which it differs 
by its smaller size, different colour of the legs, and the 
scutellum not ‘‘ dense punctatum,” &c. 


Geocoris proteus, n.s. (Pl. XX., figs. 1, 2). 

Head black ; eyes castaneous ; antenne black, the 4th 
joint, the apex of the 38rd, and sometimes the apex of 
the second joint, brownish ochraceous ; pronotum black, 
very coarsely punctate, the lateral angles ochraceous, 
and with two very distinct transverse fovee a little 
before centre; scutellum black, coarsely punctate ; 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 433 


corium dark olivaceous-brown, the lateral margins 
ochraceous, the apical 38rd and the clavus distinctly 
punctate; membrane greyish, tinged with pale oli- 
vaceous ; body beneath, rostrum and femora black ; 
cox, femoral apices, tibiz and tarsi, ochraceous. The 
membrane does not quite reach the apex of the abdomen, 
which is black. 

Var. Corium with the base and claval margin, as 
well as the lateral margin, ochraceous; the posterior 
angles of the metasternum also ochraceous. Long. 
3 mm. 


Hab. Nagasaki, Yokohama, Niigata, Otsu. 


Pamera ejuncida, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 3). 

Body linear and elongate ; head and anterior lobe of 
pronotum black, the collar of the last brownish; posterior 
pronotal lobe ochraceous, sparingly but deeply punctate, 
brownish anteriorly, with a central piceous line, which 
does not reach posterior margin, and the lateral angles 
luteous and impunctate; scutellum castaneous, with 
either the basal half black and a central black line, or 
with a large central basal spot, the basal half of lateral 
margins, and a central line, black, apex luteous ; corium 
pale ochraceous, sparingly punctured with brownish, 
the lateral margins pale and impunctate, a black spot 
near centre of apical margin, attached to which are 
some linear black punctures more or less enclosing a 
subtriangular pale spot at claval apex; clavus thickly 
and longitudinally brown punctured ; membrane greyish 
white ; head beneath and sternum piceous ; abdomen 
castaneous, somewhat piceous at base, and with a few 
transverse stigmatal piceous spots; antenne and legs 
ochraceous, the last with the tarsal apices black, the 
coxe castaneous. The head is long and somewhat 
prominently exserted ; the anterior lobe of the pronotum 
is distinctly longer than the posterior, the hind margin 
of which is prominently concave. Long. 73 mm. 


Hab. Nagasaki. 
This and the two following-described species appertain 


to Stal’s first section of the genus, and have their affinity 
with P. longula, Dall., an American species. 


434 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


Pamera exigua, i. 8. 


Closely allied to the preceding species, but differing 
by the shorter and less elongate anterior lobe of the 
pronotum, the apical joint of the antenne distinctly in- 
fuscated, the whole of the body beneath uniformly 
piceous, and all the femora, excluding apices, more or 
less pitchy ; the membrane is also pale fuscous, with the 
veins greyish. Long. 7 mm. 


Hab. Nagasaki. 


Pamera jejuna, n. 8. 


Head, anterior lobe of pronotum and scutellum, black, 
opaque, and more or less obscurely pilose ; antenne pale 
castaneous ; basal and apical joints fuscous, with their 
bases sometimes distinctly paler ; anterior collar of pro- 
notum brownish; posterior pronotal lobe ochraceous, 
punctate, with three broad longitudinal brownish fascie, 
of which the central is darkest, and with a brown spot 
at lateral angles; scutellum transversely and coarsely 
punctate, with a central longitudinal carination ; corium 
pale ochraceous, sparingly punctured with brown, the 
lateral margins pale and impunctate; at inner apical 
angle near apex of clavus a series of black punctures 
enclose a greyish impunctate spot ; these black punctures 
are confluent and macular anteriorly and posteriorly ; 
clavus thickly and longitudinally covered with piceous 
punctures ; membrane pale olivaceous-brown, the veins 
greyish ; body beneath piceous and finely pilose ; femora 
shining piceous, with their bases and apices luteous ; 
tibiz and tarsi luteous, the tarsal apices dark piceous. 
Long. 74 mm. 

Hab. Hosokuté, Kumamoto. 


This species differs from P. exiqgua by the longer and 
more attenuated anterior lobe of the pronotum ; and from 
P. ejuncida by the different colour of the antenne, 
scutellum, and legs. 


Pamera erubescens, n. 8. 


Head, pronotum, and scutellum black, the first shining 
with a somewhat greenish tint, and the second opaque, 
sometimes with the posterior lobe more or less brownish; 
antenne dull, obscure, ochraceous, the apices of the 1st, 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 435 


2nd, and 8rd, and the whole of the 4th joint, fuscous ; 
corium brownish ochraceous, thickly and darkly punc- 
tate, the costal margin from base to near apex and the 
extreme apex luteous; membrane dark fuscous, the 
veins paler, with a central apical paler triangular spot, 
and a small luteous spot at apex of corium ; head and 
sternum beneath black; abdomen testaceous, with the 
basal disk blackish, and a few lateral dark stigmatal 
spots ; legs ochraceous, the anterior femora generally 
broadly annulated with fuscous near apex, apices of the 
intermediate and posterior femora also sometimes infus- 
cated, tarsal apices fuscous ; rostrum ochraceous, with 
the base and apex somewhat pitchy. The head is finely 
but distinctly pilose, the posterior lobe of the pronotum 
distinctly punctate, the scutellum possesses some scat- 
tered coarse punctures and a central apical carination, 
the clavus is longitudinally punctate, and the corium 
punctate and somewhat distinctly pilose. The body is 
somewhat broad and ovate ; the anterior femora strongly 
spined beneath on their apical halves. Long. 5 mm. 


Hab. Yokohama. 


This species, judging from Stal’s description, would 
seem to be allied to P. sine of that author, a Chinese 
species, and one recorded from Japan by Dr. Horvath. 
The one here described is, however, a smaller insect, 
and without the ‘‘vitta prope commisuram apiceque 
coril nigro-fuscis”’ of Stal’s diagnosis. 


Pamera rustica. 


Diplonotus rusticus, Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 4, vol. xiv. (1874). 


Dr. Horvath has recorded Pamera nietneri, Dohrn, as 
collected by Xantus in Nagasaki, without mentioning 
the above species described by Mr. Scott. It is of course 
possible that they are synonyms, but I am unable at 
present to decide. Stal gives Ceylon, Java, and the 
Philippines as localities from whence he has received 
Dr. Dohrn’s species, which thus coincides with the 
distribution of P. pallicornis, Dall., which we know is 
found in Japan. 


436 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


Pamera festiva, n. 8. 


Head and scutellum black ; eyes brownish; antenne 
luteous, with the apical joint fuscous; pronotum with 
the anterior lobe reddish brown, the anterior collar 
ochraceous ; the posterior lobe ochraceous, coarsely and 
darkly punctate, its lateral margins and angles luteous 
and impunctate, with a small brownish subangular spot, 
and the disk with three broad reddish-brown fascie ; 
scutellum with a few scattered punctures near base, the 
apical half carinate and more coarsely punctate; clavus 
and corium luteous, the inner margin and apex of the 
clavus darkly punctate; corium with scattered dark 
punctures, a small obscure blackish spot near base, 
some macular series of black punctures near inner 
apex, which extend transversely to near costal margin, 
and an irregular subapical black spot, these enclos- 
ing a pale and almost impunctate spot, and with the 
extreme apex dark ochraceous ; membrane pale oliva- 
ceous, with some darker markings; head beneath and 
sternum piceous; abdomen testaceous, with the basal 
disk piceous and some lateral stigmatal dark spots ; 
legs ochraceous, anterior femora, excluding apices, pale 
testaceous, tarsal apices fuscous. The body is somewhat 
elongate, the head distinctly pilose, the anterior femora 
armed beneath on the apical halves with some long 
slender spines. Long. 6 mm. 


Hab. Sanjo. 
This species is allied to P. annulicornis, Dall. 


Pamera pallicornis. 


Rhyparochromus pallicornis, Dall., List. Hem., 2, p. 
573, n. 87 (1852). 

Plociomerus discoguttatus, Dohrn, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 
xxi., p. 404, n. 58 (1860). 

Diplonotus luridus, Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 4, vol. xiv. (1874). 

Pamera pallicornis, Horv., Term. fuzetek., 1ii., p. 147, 
n. 47 (1879). 

There can be no doubt as to the identity of this widely- 
spread and well-marked species. It was originally 
described by Mr. Dallas from Continental India; and 
again by Dr. Dohrn from Ceylon, as detected by Stal, who 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 437 


received the species from the Philippines. I have also 
received it from North Borneo, where it was collected by 
Mr. Pryer; and, as these specimens do not differ from 
those brought home by Mr. Lewis, I have added Mr. 
Scott’s proposed name to the synonymy. 


Hab. Nagasaki. 


Plociomera japonica, n. 8. 

Head fuscous and pilose; antenne ochraceous, Ist joint, 
excluding base and the apical joimt, fuscous; pronotum 
with the anterior lobe fuscous, sometimes with the collar 
ochraceous, and sometimes wholly brownish ; posterior 
lobe ochraceous, with five indistinct brownish fascie ; 
scutellum dark brownish, the apex luteous; corium 
ochraceous, sparingly and darkly punctate, margins 
levigate, costal margin with two dark brown spots, one 
near middle and one at apex, a large triangular greyish 
white opaque spot near inner angle, at apex of which is 
a brown spot, and another small spot of the same colour 
near base of corlum ; membrane ochraceous, with longi- 
tudinal but curved and waved brown fascie; body 
beneath brownish or fuscous ; legs ochraceous ; apices of 
the femora, base of the tibiz, and apical joint of the tarsi, 
fuscous. Antenne with the 2nd joint largest, the 8rd 
and 4th subequal; pronotum with the anterior lobe 
slightly rugulose, the posterior lobe distinctly punctate ; 
scutellum punctate, the punctures on apical portion 
larger but more scattered, the apical central carination 
distinct. Long. 3;—43 mm. 


Hab. Nagasaki. 


Pachymerus japonicus. 
Pachymerus (Graptopeltus) japonicus, Stal, En. Hem., 
iv., p. 160, n. 3 (1874). ‘ 
Graptopelta albomarginata, Scott (nec. Uhler), Ann. & 
Mag. Nat Hist., ser. 4, vol. xiv. (1874). 

From specimens identified as G. albomarginata, Uhler, 
by Mr. Scott, and given to me by Mr. Lewis, I have 
satisfied myself as to the necessity of the above synonymy. 
As described by Mr. Uhler, his species reaches 11 mm. 
in length, and I have as yet seen nothing lke it from 
Japan. 

P. japonicus, as pointed out by Stal, is very—and, one 
might add, extremely—closely allied to P. adspersus, 


438 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


Muls., but differs by the colour of the 1st joint of the 
antenne and by the punctuation of the lateral margins of 
the pronotum. I possess a specimen of P. adspersus 
from the Amur, and find the above differences to be valid 
and distinct, thus affording further evidence to the expe- 
rience which I have already acquired, and showing that, 
asa rule, Rhynchota from the Amur are distinct, though 
closely allied to those of Japan. The females are con- 
siderably larger and generally darker in colour than the 
males: the species altogether varies towards melanism, 
and the series recently brought home by Mr. Lewis are 
considerably darker than those he procured on _ his 
previous journey. 

Mr. Lewis’ localities are Nagasaki, Yokohama, Wada 
toge. 

Dieuches dissimilis, n. 8. 


Head and pronotum black; lateral margins of pro- 
notum (excluding extreme base and apex) luteous, casta- 
neous before the lateral angles, which are black; antenne 
with the 1st and 2nd joints ochraceous, the 8rd and 4th 
fuscous; eyes dark fuscous; scutellum black; corium 
luteous, apical margin and inner angle broadly castaneous, 
with an irregular elongate black spot (widest anteriorly) 
on apical claval margin, and two black costal spots 
beyond centre; membrane fuscous, paler at base and 
apex; body beneath black; legs reddish ochraceous. 
Head, pronotum, and scutellum coarsely but obsoletely 
punctate, clavus with three longitudinal series of punc- 
tures, corium with a distinct submarginal series of 
punctures curved inwardly towards apex, and preceded by 
a short discal series and an apical submarginal series. 
Long. 5 mm. 

Hab. Ono, Hakodate. 


This species is rather aberrant to the generic character 
of Dieuches, by having the anterior femora somewhat 
incrassated. In general structure it is allied to D. 
armipes, Fabr. 


PARADIEUCHES, N. g. 


Allied to Dieuches (section D. armipes, Fabr.), but 
with the anterior femora strongly incrassated and dis- 
tinctly spined beneath near apex; pronotum with the 
anterior margins convex, transversely constricted a little 
behind the middle, before which the anterior area is 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 439 


subglobose, the lateral margins dilated but not extending 
to apical margin, which is alone as wide as the head; pos- 
terior margin concavely sinuated before the scutellum. 


This genus appears to be somewhat intermediate 
between Dieuches and Newrocladus. 


Paradieuches lewisi, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 4). 


Head black, with the apex brownish ; antenne with 
the 1st and 2nd joints brownish ochraceous, the 3rd and 
4th black, with their bases brownish ochraceous ; pro- 
notum black, the posterior lobe somewhat purplish, the 
dilated margins luteous, except at lateral angles, where 
they are purplish black; scutellum black; clavus pur- 
plish, with a longitudinal paler streak on each side near 
apex ; corium with the basal third luteous, the remainder 
purplish, with two black costal spots near centre (be- 
tween which the colour is luteous), a similar spot near 
centre of claval margin, and the apex broadly black ; 
corial apical and the posterior half of claval margin black; 
basal angle narrowly black ; membrane black, the base 
and apical margin narrowly brownish ochraceous, with 
a large white spot on each side near apex of corium ; 
body beneath black ; legs castaneous, the femora with 
their apices very narrowly black. The posterior lobe of 
the pronotum has a distinct central foveate impression ; 
the scutellum is somewhat gibbous; the clavus longi- 
tudinally punctate; and the disk of the corium is 
sparingly punctate. The pronotum has the posterior 
lobe thickly but obsoletely punctate, and the anterior 
lobe somewhat pilose. Long. 6 mm. 


Hab. Yokohama. 


Peantius lineatus. 


Peantius lineatus, Stal, En. Hem., iv., p. 162, n. 2 
(1874). 


The type specimens, male and female, of this species 
were received from the Philippines; but, judging from 
the description of the same, I have little doubt that I 
have correctly identified the Japanese specimen collected 
by Mr. Lewis. 

Only two species of this genus are at present eee 
one from South Africa and the other apparently common 
to the Philippines and Japan. 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaART Iv. (NOV.) 2k 


440 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


Gastrodes japonicus. 


P. (Platygaster) japonicus, Stal, En. Hem., iv., p. 164, 
n. 1 (1874). 

Platygaster ferrugineus, Scott (nec Linn.), Ann. & Mag. 
Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. xiv. (1874). 


Letheus lewisi, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 7). 

Head black, the base impunctate, and from the ocular 
area somewhat finely punctate, apex of central lobe casta- 
neous; antenne with the 1st joint black, its base 
narrowly ochraceous; 2nd joint brownish ochraceous, 
its apex black; 8rd joint black, its base narrowly 
brownish ochraceous, and its apex broadly luteous; 4th 
joint black, its apex very narrowly brownish ; pronotum 
black, with the anterior area glabrous and shining, the 
posterior area rugulosely punctate; lateral margins 
(broadest at posterior angles) ochraceous ; scutellum 
black, coarsely punctate; corium piceous, coarsely punc- 
tate, lateral margins ochraceous and impunctate, an 
obscure transverse greyish streak near apex and a short 
ochraceous line near claval apex; membrane pale fus- 
cous; body beneath black; femora black, with their 
apices narrowly castaneous ; tibiz and tarsi ochraceous ; 
rostrum ochraceous, its tip piceous. Long. 7} mm. 

Hab. Nagasaki. 

This species is allied to the L. indicus, Dall., from 
Bengal; but the colour of the antenne and ot the lateral 
margins of the pronotum will alone distinguish it. 


Drymus marginatus, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 6). 

Body above black, lateral margins of the corium nar- 
rowly obscure castaneous; head and anterior area of 
the pronotum thickly and finely punctate; posterior 
pronotal area, scutellum, and corium thickly and coarsely 
punctate ; membrane very pale olivaceous ; body beneath 
and legs black, tarsi brownish ; antenne black, apex of 
the 4th joint narrowly brownish. Long. 43 mm. 

Hab. Ichiuchi. 


Lamproplax membraneus, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 5). 
Head, pronotum, and scutellum black ; pronotum with 
an oblong spot at lateral angles, and sometimes with the 
centre of basal margin ochraceous; corium brownish 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 441 


ochraceous, the costal margin broadly ochraceous (nar- 
rowest at base); membrane pale hyaline, with an 
olivaceous tinge; body beneath black, the abdomen 
sometimes somewhat castaneous towards apex; legs 
pitchy castaneous, the tarsi more or less ochraceous ; 
antenne with the 1st joint castaneous, its base and apex 
narrowly ochraceous ; 2nd joint black, with its extreme 
base and apex a little paler; 8rd pitchy, with the apex 
ochraceous ; 4th castaneous, its apex paler (in a second 
specimen all the joints are castaneous). The pronotum 
has the reflexed lateral margins somewhat ochraceous, 
its anterior area somewhat gibbous and shining, the 
posterior area strongly and rugosely punctate, and with 
a few scattered punctures at lateral and anterior margins ; 
scutellum coarsely punctate, the disk rugulose; clavus 
and corium coarsely and longitudinally punctate ; sternum 
coarsely punctate; posterior and intermediate tibiz 
strongly setose ; anterior femora with two slender spines 
beneath near apex. Long. 44—5 mm. 


Hab. Yokohama, Nikko, Nagasaki. 


Var. pallescens. 


Differing from typical forms of the species by its 
smaller size, and by the 1st joint of the antenne and legs 
being entirely ochraceous ; abdomen beneath castaneous. 
Long. 4 mm. 


Hab. Nagasaki. 


A single specimen of this variety was brought home 
by Mr. Lewis, in which I can find no structural characters 
to specifically separate it from the species I have described 
above. if 


Ectrychotes delibutus, n. s. (Pl. XX., fig. 12). 


Head, antenne, anterior lobe of pronotum, scutellnm, 
body beneath, and legs, black ; posterior lobe of pronotum 
red, with the incisures black, and in some specimens the 
whole disk is pitchy ; corium black, with the lateral 
margins broadly reddish, widened at base, and either 
attenuated or in some specimens slightly broadened at 
apex ; membrane black ; connexivum above and beneath 
black, with subquadrate red spots at segmental incisures ; 
in the female its apex is black ; abdomen beneath with 
a central segmental row of transverse red spots, which in 


449 Mr. W. L. Distant’s first report on the 


some specimens amalgamate with the marginal spots at 
apex; tarsi pitchy brown; antenne strongly setose. 
Long. 83—9 mm. 


Hab. Kumamoto. 


Labidocoris splendens, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 8). 


Coral-red, shining; antenne, eyes, corium (excluding 
lateral margins, which are slightly widened at base and 
triangularly amplified at apex), membrane, sternum, 
coxe, a submarginal segmental row of large spots to the 
abdomen and disk of anal appendage to same, basal 
annulation to the femora, apices of the tibiz, and tarsi 
(excluding base and claws), black ; antennz with the 1st, 
2nd, and 8rd joints prominently setose, the extreme base 
of the 1st joint red, anterior femora armed beneath near 
apex with a prominent and robust spine. Long. 14mm. 


Hab. Yokohama. 
This specimen is labelled ‘‘ Old fig ‘God tree,’ Japan.” 


Labidocoris insignis, n.s. (Pl. XX., fig. 9). 

Black ; posterior lobe of pronotum, lateral margins of 
corium (widened at base and somewhat triangularly 
amplified at apex), connexivum, and abdomen above and 
beneath, coral-red and shining ; disk of anal appendage 
black; cox, extreme bases and apices of femora, and 
tarsi, ochraceous and somewhat pitchy. As in the pre- 
ceding species, the first three joints of the antenne are 
strongly setose, and the anterior femora are armed be- 
neath near apex with a prominent and robust spine. 
Long. 11—12 mm. 


Hab. Kobe. 


Hematoloecha rubescens, nu. s. (Pl. XX., fig. 11). 

Allied to H. nigro-rufa, Stal,* but differmg in the 
following particulars:—The head is red, with the eyes 
black ; the pronotum is not marked with black at the 
incisions; the scutellum is red; corium red, with a 
large black spot occupying clavus and adjacent part of 
corium, as in H. migro-rufa, but with the apex also 
broadly black; legs red, anterior femora with a broad 


* Plate XX., fig. 10. 


Rhynchota collected in Japan. 443 


obscure fuscous annulation at base, intermediate and 
posterior femora with a darker central annulation, tibie, 
excluding base, fuscous, tarsi ochraceous, the apices 
fuscous ; head beneath and prosternum red ; meso- and 
metasternums black, with the coxe red; abdomen red, 
with broad transverse black fasciz at the segmental in- 
cisures; rostrum red. The lateral carine of the scu- 
tellum are more raised, and the basal central excavation 
somewhat less broad than in Stal’s species. Long., 
male and female, 12—13 mm. 


Hab. Nagasaki. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PLATE XIX. 


Fic. 1. Pecilochroma lewisi. 
2. Neocazira confragosa. 
3. Scotinophora horvathi. 
4, Ainaria assimulans. 

5. Parastrachia fulgens. 
6. Stollia lewisi. 

7. Menida japonica. 

8. Clinocoris gramineus. 
9. Melanospilus elegans. 
10. Cymus awrescens. 

11. Ischnodemus obnubilus. 
12. Blissws bicoloripes. 


PLATE XX. 


. Geocoris proteus. 

” ” var. 

. Pamera ejuncida. 

. Paradieuches lewist. 

. Lamproplax membraneus. 
. Drynus marginatus. 

. Letheus lewisi. 

. Labidocoris splendens. 

= insignis. 

. Hematoloecha nigro-rufa, Stal. 
5 rubescens. 
. Hetrychotes delibutus. 


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( 445 ) 


XXI. Hgognathus Waterhousei, a new genus and species 
of Dorcide from Peru. By Franz Levutuner, Ph.D. 


[Read November 7th, 1883.] 
Puate XXI. 


AXGOGNATHUS, 0. g. 


Similar in appearance to Avgus, but is most allied to 
Iissotes and Alcimus. 


 @. Body flat. Head flat, quadrangular, much 

broader than long, the anterior frontal margin a little 
emarginate, without epistoma, straight at the sides. 
Eyes rather large, open; canthus of the same oblique ; 
the swelling in the cheek behind this rounded, not 
prominent. Mentum broad and short; gula strongly 
convex. Prothorax broader than the head, broadest in 
front, narrowed towards the posterior angles; the ante- 
rior angles acute; the posterior angles rounded off, and 
in continuation of the flexuous line of the posterior 
margin. Prosternal process flat, acuminate. LHlytra 
longer than the head and prothorax together, narrower 
than the prothorax, straight at the shoulders, with 
pointed humeral angles ; flat. Femora of the posterior 
legs inflated in the middle. Tibiew of the intermediate 
and posterior legs unarmed. 


Afgognathus Waterhousei, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 8). 


3. Entirely black, upper side dull, under side shin- 
ing. Mandibles as long as the head and _ prothorax 
together, their appearance calling to mind Agus; 
strongly bent inwards, terminating in a blunt point, in 
the middle with a strong upward directed acuminate 
tooth, which, when the mandibles are closed, does not 
reach the corresponding tooth of the other mandible ; 
at the base with three smail approximate teeth perpen- 
dicularly arranged. Head and prothorax dull. Elytra 
reticulate-punctate, the punctures forming irregular 
lines; black, with a bluish bloom (as in Sclerostomus 


TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—pPaRT Iv. (NOV.) 


446 Dr. Franz Leuthner on Agognathus. 


mandibularis and Lessonit from Chili); with extremely 
fine pubescence. Tibie of the anterior pair of legs 
with four unequal teeth on the apical half of the outer 
edge. 


Measurements, ¢:—Total, 30 mm.; head, 4°5 long, 
9°5 broad; mandibles, 9°5; prothorax, 5°5 by 10; 
elytra, 12 by 9. 


?. Unknown. 


Hab. Peru (Chanchamayo). Collected by Mr. Tham. 
British Museum. 


I have much pleasure in dedicating this very in- 
teresting species to my friend Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, 
the well-known entomologist, as a slight acknowledgment 
of the great assistance which I have constantly received 
from him while occupied in studying the collections of 
Lucanide in the British Museum. 

Although this insect resembles 4igus in its general 
appearance, and especially in the shape of the mandibles, 
yet it cannot be properly referred to digus, or to any 
other allied genus; and I have therefore found myself 
compelled to establish a new genus for its reception. It 
is intermediate in character between digus and Alcimus, 
and likewise exhibits some relationship with the South 
American genus Sclerostomus. 

The Aigide have their metropolis in the Sunda Islands, 
and extend northwards to Malacca on the one side and 
to China and Japan on the other, and they have like- 
wise been received from Celebes, New Guinea, and the 
Fiji Islands; while Alcimus occurs in the Navigators 
Islands also, thus bridging over part of the distance 
towards the west coast of South America. 

If we consider the relationship existing between the 
Australian and New Zealand fauna and that of South 
America,* we cannot be surprised if we meet with fresh 
proofs of affinity between Indo-Australian and American 
forms as often as collections are received from previously 
unexplored countries or localities. 


* This is shown by the Venezuelan genus Sphenognathus, which 
is most nearly allied to the Australian genus Cacostomus, and by 
the South American genera Chiasognathus and Streptocerus, which 
clearly resemble the Australian genus Lamprima; and by the 
affinity of the Brazilian genus Heraphyllum, Gray, to the Aus- 
tralian genus Syndesus ; as well as by the occurrence of Marsupials 
and Cassowaries in America and Australia. 


( 447 ) 


XXII. Description of a new species of Hurytrachelus 
(Coleoptera, Dorcide). By Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE. 


[Read November 7th, 1883. | 
Prate XXI. 


Eurytrachelus pilosipes, n.s. (Pl. XXI., fig. 1). 


Niger, depressus, subopacus ; mandibulis capite duplo 
longioribus, ad medium dente sat magna acutiuscula 
armatis, ultra medium denticulis 3 vel 4, et intra apicem 
dente parvo instructis; tibiis posticis inermibus, ad 
apicem fulvo-pilosis, tarsis subtus longe fulvo-pilosis. 
Long. corp. 18 lin., mandib. 8 lin. 


Black, tinted with pitchy colour below. Head and 
thorax densely and finely granulose; the elytra cori- 
aceous ; altogether more finely sculptured than LH. con- 
color. Head twice as broad as long, with the sides 
parallel. Epistoma rather broad, about one-quarter of 
the width of the head immediately in front of the eyes ; 
arcuately emarginate in front; the angles rather acute, 
but not very prominent. Mandibles as in LH. concolor, 
not carinate above, but gently convex; strongly curved, 
and acuminate at the apex. At the middle there is a 
moderately large, rather acute, tooth; immediately 
beyond this (nearer the apex) there are three (or four) 
small teeth placed close together: this part of the 
mandible, when viewed from the under side, appears 
like a dilation of the mandible, and is more opaque 
than the rest of the surface, the apex of the teeth‘ 
shining: at a short distance from the apex there is 
another small tooth. Thorax as in E. concolor. Elytra 
as long as the head and thorax together (including the 
epistoma); much less narrowed towards the apex than 
in EH. concolor, and more obtuse at the apex. Prosternum 
between the anterior coxe rather broader than in EL. 
concolor, sloping down posteriorly, with no tendency to 
form a projection. Abdomen with the middle portion of 
the margins of the segments beset with short yellowish 
hairs ; and at the apex of the terminal segment there is 


TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PaRT Iv. (NOV.) 2 


448 Description of a new Eurytrachelus. 


a small tuft of hair. The long fulvous hair at the apex 
of the posterior tibiz forms a sort of brush; that on 
the posterior tarsi, which gives them such a peculiar 
appearance, not only covers the under side, but borders 
the apical margin of the upper side. 


Hab. Santa Anna Island, Soloman Islands. 


Two examples collected by H. B. Guppy, Esq., and 
now presented to the British Museum. 


This species, having the four posterior tibie not fur- 
nished with a spine on the outer side, must be placed 
near E. concolor, Blanch., and E. ternatensis, Thoms., 
but it differs from both these in having the tarsi fringed 
with long fulvous hair. Dr. Gestro has described and 
figured another species, H. intermedius (Aun. Mus. Civ. 
Stor. Nat. di Genova, xvi., p. 317), from New Guinea 
and Kei Island, which has the same peculiarity in the 
tarsi, but that species is described as blackish castaneous, 
with a narrow deeply emarginate clypeus, and is repre- 
sented as having much shorter elytra. 

In the British Museum collection there is a single 
specimen from Duke of York Island, which differs from 
E. pilosipes in the form of the head and mandibles, and 
may possibly belong to a distinct species. I prefer, 
however, to consider it at present a variety of L. inter- 
medius. (Pl. XXL, fig. 2). 


EXPLANATION OF Puate XXI. 


Fie. 1. Eurytrachelus pilosipes, Waterhouse. 
2: ‘ intermedius, Gestro, var. ? 
3. Aigognathus Waterhousei, Leuthner. 
| igopsis on plate. ] 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 


For THE YEAR 1888. 


February 7, 1883. 
J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair. 


Mr. Dunning returned thanks to the Members for his election to 
the office of President, and nominated Messrs. Stainton, Godman, and 
M‘Lachlan as Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year. 

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the 
respective donors. 


Election of Members. 


Philip Crowley, Esq. (Waddon House, Croydon), and Capt. George 
Ernest Shelley (13, Rutland Gate, W.), were balloted for and elected 
Members of the Society. A.C. Horner, Esq. (Tonbridge, Kent), was 
elected an Annual Subscriber. 


Exhibitions, dc. 

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited a species of Conocephalus, which was taken 
in a greenhouse at Lee, Kent, on August 18th, 1882. It was kept alive 
until within ten days of the meeting, feeding on flies, spiders, pieces of 
meat, &c., showing a decided preference for house flies. In August, 1881, 
a similar specimen was taken in the same greenhouse, but their origin 
could not be traced. 

Mr. J. Jenner Weir believed this to be the same species as the specimens 
he exhibited last year (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. xxi); he remarked 
that in the matter of food his specimens certainly preferred spiders. 
Referring to’ the predaceous habits of this species, Mr. Weir mentioned 
that in Palestine Mr. Tristram had observed large locusts preying on the 
herbivorous locusts. 

B 


(A 
Mr. F. P. Pascoe read the following :— 


“The Duke of Argyle, in a letter to ‘ Nature’ of December 7th, dated 
from Cannes (Nov. 29), records a most remarkable instance of mimicry in 
a moth. He describes it as ‘a very handsome species, with an elaborate 
pattern of light and dark chocolate-brown. But the margins of the wings, 
which were deeply waved or dentated, had a lustrous yellow colour, like a 
brilliant gleam of light.’ Some movement ‘ gave it alarm.’ ‘It then turned 
slightly round, gave a violent jerk to its wings, and instantly became 
invisible.’ The Duke on further examination found that these ‘splendid 
margins of the fore wings . . . had to be concealed; and so, by an effort 
that required the exertion of special muscles, these margins were folded 
down—covered up—and hidden out of sight. The remainder of the wings 
were so crumpled up that they imitated exactly the dried and withered 
leaves around.’ It will be observed that the writer speaks of ‘special 
muscles,’ but a special adaptation of the nervures in the way of joints 
would also be necessary. It is unfortunate that the moth was not secured. 
Mr. Butler has, he tells me, no idea of the species. The Duke is an 
observer, otherwise there might be thought to be some error in the 
description of what really took place.” 


Mr. M‘Lachlan and Mr. Stainton made some remarks thereon, the 
former considering that either Phlogophora meticulosa or Calocainpa vetusta 
was the moth alluded to. Mr. Stainton thought it probable that Macro- 
glossa stellatarum was referred to; he incidentally remarked that he could 
hardly believe it possible that there were no butterflies at Cannes in 
November, as stated in the Duke’s letter. ; 

Mr. E. A. Fitch exhibited a specimen of Rhynchiwm parentissimum, 
Sauss., taken at Ambarawa, Java, by Ludeking. In a recent memoir 
on the Humenide of the Indian Archipelago, published in the Ann. Soe. 
Ent. France for 1882, M. Maindron had considered this species to be a 
variety of R. hemorrhoidale, Sauss. (J. c. pp. 277—280); from a study of 
his second plate (l.c., pl. iv.) this appeared impossible, but Mr. Fitch 
pointed out that the exterior recurrent nervure of the fore wing was present 
in the specimen exhibited, and was doubtless erroneously omitted in the 
otherwise beautiful figure (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 6th ser., vol. ii., pl. 4). 
A variety of Humenes circinalis, Fabr., and Vespa, n. s.?, were also 
exhibited from the same locality. 


Paper read. 

Mr. Louis Peringuey communicated ‘* Notes on three Paussi,” giving an 
interesting account of the habits of P. lineatus, Thnbg., P. Linnei, Westw., 
and P. Burmeisteri, Westw., as observed at the Cape of Good Hope, and in 
many specimens kept fur some time in confinement. 


Gh sen} 
Mr. W. F. Kirby referred to Capt. Boyes’ paper in the Journ. As. Soe. 
Beng., ser. 2, vol. i. (1848), reprinted in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xvii., 
pp. 88—91, giving an account of some Indian Paussi; Mr. Kirby suggested | 


that the ants might find some protection from their enemies in having the 
Paussus with his available artillery in their nest. 


New Part of ‘ Transactions.’ 
Parts IV. & V. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1882 was on the table. 


March 7, 1883. 
J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair. 


Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the 
respective donors. 

Election of Members. 

Francis Ford Freeman, Esq. (8, Leigham Terrace, Plymouth), Frederick 
Charles Lemann, Esq. (Blackfriars House, Plymouth), and Frederick W. 
Smith, Esq (Hollywood House, Blackheath Point, Blackheath, Kent), were 
balloted for and elected Members of the Society. 


Exhibitions, éc. 

Mr. R. M’Lachlan exhibited a specimen of Polistes hebreus, Fabr., 
which was captured in one of the London Docks on Saturday last; the 
specimen was in a dormant state, but revived from the heat of the meeting- 
room. ‘These wasps had been commonly seen on a ship returning from 
Calcutta, which contained a quantity of bamboos as dunnage; Mr. M’Lachlan 
thought these probably contained nests of the Polistes. 

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited specimens of Phaogenes homochlorus, Wesm., 
and Hemiteles incisus, Brdg., captured at Chobham last summer. 

Mr. Billups also exhibited a further specimen of the Orthopteton 
exhibited at last meeting, and which he had identified as Copiophora 
cornuta, DeG., a Central American species. 

Dr. D. Sharp exhibited a preparation showing the pro- and meso-thoracic 
membrane of a large EHlater (Chalcolepidius porcatus, Linn.), in which the 
prothoracic breathing orifices were of a hitherto unobserved structure. 
The two stigmata were closed by hinged, horny trap-doors, very similar in 
action to the lid of a trap-door spider’s nest. Dr. Sharp observed that this 
membrane was of especial interest, not only for its novelty, but for its 
functional or teleological importance which is, he believed, to guard against 
attacks from minute parasitic Acaridea ; when the Hlater was stretched on 
its back (in the position preliminary to springing) the stigmatic orifices 


(Laie 
would be open, and, except for the presence of these “ trap-doors,” it would 
be easy for any acarideous parasite to establish itself in the entrances of the 
trachee. 

The Secretary exhibited, on behalf of Mr. G. S. Saunders, a microscopic 
instrument which greatly facilitated the examination of pinned or living 
specimens under the microscope without alteration of the stage. The 
instrument, which was made by Messrs. Baker & Sons, 243, High Holborn, 
consists of a double plate of ebonite in which is fixed a brass ball which is 
made to rotate by working a handle fixed at the side of the plate; the ball 
is hollow, and can be either filled with cork for pinned specimens, fitted as 
a small “ live box,” or made to hold a small pair of forceps. 


Paper read. 

Mr. J. B. Bridgman communicated a paper entitled “ Further Additions 
to Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of British Ichneumonide,” in which sixteen 
species were referred to as new to Britain, and twenty-six species described 
as new to science. 

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’ 


Part I. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1883 was on the table. 


April 4, 1883. 
J. W. Dunnina, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &c., President, in the chair. 


Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the 
respective donors. 

The President announced the sudden death, on March 27th last, of 
Prof. P. C. Zeller, of Stettin, who had been an Honorary Member of this 
Society for upwards of thirty years, suitably alluding to his life and works 
in some extended remarks. Messrs. Stainton, M‘Lachlan, and Westwood 
also communicated some reminiscences of our late colleague. 


Election of Members. 

Lewis F. Hill, Esq. (8, Edwardes Terrace, Kensington), and Louis 
Peringuey, Esq. (Rondebosch, Cape Town), were balloted for and elected 
Members of the Society. 

Evhibitions, de. 

Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited specimens of Acridium succinctum, Linn., 
received from Mr. T. Davidson, who stated that it was this species of locust 
which had lately been causing great destruction in the Deccan and other 
parts of India. 

Prof. Westwood called attention to a communication to a Sussex news- 
paper by a gardener named Page, stating that he had found a new cause of 


eae 


the potato disease. On examination by Prof. Westwood, this supposed 
cause was found to consist in the attacks of Polydesmus complanatus, L. 
After Guérin-Meneville’s and Curtis’s publications on the numerous insects, 
myriapods, &c., which are found living in the diseased potatoes, he was 
surprised that the now well-known potato disease should be attributed to 
these attacks. 

The Rey. A. E. Eaton exhibited a patent revolving object-holder, used 
by mineralogists, affording very great facilities in adjusting the position 
of insects subjected to microscopical examination, thus allowing of the 
examination of every part without removing the specimen. In the place 
of forceps or fixed cork for the attachment of objects, this holder has 
at the extremity of the arm a perforated cylinder that is made to rotate 
by means of a chain movement connected with a milled wheel at the 
opposite end of the arm. ‘I’o adapt them for entomological work the holders 
on sale require a hinge or cradle-joint to be made in the stem just above 
the swivel, to work in the direction of the length of the arm: this is 
preferable to a ball and socket-joint. ‘The perforation in the cylinder was 
filled with cork to receive the specimen pin. 

Sir Sidney Saunders stated that his attention had been called to a 
typographical error, which had escaped notice in the recently-published 
part of our ‘ Transactions’ for 1883, by the omission of the word “ tarsis” 
(p. 9, line 7), although obviously implied by the context in the definition 
‘“ 5-articulatis.” Some further details of the fore tibie, as exhibited in 
P]. IL., fig. 28, should likewise have been inserted here, by the addition of 
“apice latis, utrinque in dentes validos, latere externo tres latere interno duos, 
productis.” 

Sir Sidney Saunders also proposed to characterise the vegetable-feeding 
fig-insects as follows :— 

“ SycopHaGipES.—Larva intra ficum e germinibus educata. Mares 
apteri, ut adhuc cogniti. Famine alate, capite fossula longitudinali 
dorsali, antennis prope fossule introitum insertis, intra quam retrorsum 
vertentibus incolumes servantur, articulis ultimis 8, 4, vel 5, clavam, plus 
minusve laxam formantibus; abdomine longiore quam lato; terebra flexili, 
exserta, arcuata. 

“Divisio 1. Prionosromata.— Mares mandibulis parvis; abdominis 
seginentis basalibus inflatis, reliquis tenuibus, retractilibus, seepe subtus 
recurvis (rarius supra dorsum reflexis—Sycocrypta, Coq.). Femine mau- 
dibulis appendice exarticulata, latere interno serrata, ad basin affixa; 
antennis articulo 3tio vel 4to in spinam validam acutam externe producto, 
articulum sequentem oblique prope basin accipiente. 

“ Divisio 2. HaprLosromarta.—Mares, a paucis speciebus characteres 
desumpti, elongati, angusti, depressi, mandibulis maximis, abdominis 
lateribus rectis, segmentis laxis, extimo late truncato, plerumque ut videtur 


eo) 


appendice flexili, multiarticulata, utrinque instructo (licet nonnullis he 
appendices desunt—Apoerypta perplexa, Coq.). Famine mandibulis anten- 
nisque simplicibus. 

“The aforesaid Sycophagides, together with their near allies the gall- 
feeders (Cecidophagides), as characterised by Linneus in his ‘Systema 
Nature’ (6th edit. 1748), and by Fabricius in his ‘Systema Piezatorum’ 
(pp. 143, 146), appertaining alike to the Phytiphaga, the aphidivorous and 
other parasitic Cynipide not comprised under that category would constitute 
an osculant group (Heterophagides) leading to the Hntomophaga, as already 
suggested, including those addicted to other propensities, as cited by 
Latreille (‘ Figites, nonnulli saltem, eacrementis humanis delectantur, Gen. 
~ Crus. et Ins., iv., p. 19).” 


Mr. E. A. Fitch exhibited leaf-rosette galls of Cecidomyia viola, F. Low, 


found in Epping Forest on Sept. 23rd last by Mr. Henry Corder on Viola 
sylvatica. Dr. Léw described the gnat as new in 1881 (Verh. z.-b. Ges. 
Wien, xxx. 84), from specimens bred from similarly formed galls on Viola 
tricolor. Mr. Fitch also exhibited a bright red bean-like Aphis gall on a 
pinna of Pistacia Lentiscus from Cannes, received from Dr. Cobbold; its 
maker is probably Aploneura lentisci, Licht. ? (¢f. Ann. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 
vii. 471-4). A curious new cecidomyideous gall 
on the woody twigs of Juniperus was also ex- 
hibited. Mr. Fitch had received specimens two 
days previously from Mr. W. C. Boyd from Men- 
tone; the galls were very succulent, and greatly 
resembled a cluster of full-fed Ixodes or miniature 
brown leather pouches attached round the juniper 
twig, the bunch consisting of galls extending to 
the length of an inch along the twig; the galls 
were easily detached from the twig at their bases, 
and the orange-red gnat larve liberated, hence 
they probably undergo their metamorphoses in 
the ground. 

Mr. H. Goss exhibited specimens of Pimelia angulata, Fabr., obtained 
by Mr. H. B. Forman in the temple of the Sphinx, near the Pyramids of 
Ghizeh, Egypt. 


Papers read. 

Mr. A. S. Olliff read a memoir “On a small collection of Clavicorn 
Coleoptera from North Borneo”; the specimens were collected by Mr. W. B. 
Pryer, and consisted of twenty-one species, twelve of which were described 
as new to science. 

Mr. P. Cameron communicated some ‘“ Descriptions of new Genera and 
Species of Hymenoptera.” These included nine species from the Sandwich 
Islands collected by the Rey. ‘Tl. Blackburn, who has now left the locality ; 


« ‘va ) 
four species from Britain, and a new genus and species of Owyura from 
Brazil. 
Mr. W. F. Kirby read some “ Notes on new or little-known Species of 
Hymenoptera, chiefly from New Zealand.” Eight species, belonging to 
various families, were characterized as new. 


May 2, 1883. 
J. W. Dunninea, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair. 


The President read the following :— 


GENTLEMEN, 

Before proceeding to the important business of the evening, I crave 
your indulgence whilst I make a few preliminary remarks. You scarcely 
need to be reminded that we this day complete the fiftieth vear of our 
existence. It was on the 3rd May, 1833, that nine gentlemen—Messrs. 
Children, J. K. Gray, G. R. Gray, Hope, Horsfield, Rudd, Stephens, Vigors, 
and Yarrell—met and resolved to found the Entomological Society of 
London.. No time was lost; for on the 22nd of the same month the first 
General Meeting was held at the Thatched House Tavern, the Rev. Wm. 
Kirby was chosen Honorary President, 103 Members were enrolled, and a 
Council of thirteen were chosen to complete the organization of the Society 
and prepare Rules for its government. Rooms were taken at No. 17, Old 
Bond Street, and on the 4th November, 1833, under the Presidency of 
Mr. Children, the then Secretary of the Royal Society, a Code of Bye-Laws 
was adopted, and our first Scientific Meeting was held. 

Of the Original Members, six, and six only, still survive—Prof. C. C. 
Babington, the Rev. Leonard Jenyns (now Blomefield), Sir Sidney S. 
Saunders, Mr. W. B. Spence, Mr. G. R. Waterhouse, and Prof. Westwood. 
Of these Mr. Waterhouse has the additional distinction of having been one 
of the original Council, and the first Curator of the Society. 

Our meetings continued to be held at 17, Old Bond Street from 1833 
until 1852, when we removed to No. 12, Bedford Row; during nine sessions 
commencing in 1866, by the kindness of the Linnean Society, we assembled 
in Burlington House, but our Library remained at Bedford Row. In 1875 
the Library and place of meeting were again united in this house; and 
though the building operations now in progress have prevented us from 
indulging in any celebration of our Jubilee, we shall soon be in the enjoy- 
ment of improved accommodation, and I hope it may be long before the 
Society has again to change its quarters. 

The Bye-Laws have been from time to time revised—in 1834, 1838, 
1847, 1848, 1851, 1855, 1862, 1864 and 1876; but, in the main, the 


(Mati. ob) 


original rules still govern us. In 1838 the class of Corresponding Members 
was instituted; in 1848 Annual Subscribers were allowed; and in 1851 
the grade of Associates was introduced. ‘The last-mentioned class was 
abolished in 1855; and you are to-night to be invited to consider the 
propriety of reverting to the original constitution, by prohibiting the future 
election of either Corresponding Members or Annual Subscribers, and 
leaving those classes to gradual extinction, or, as it is hoped, to absorption 
among the Ordinary Members. 

At the present moment we have 33 Subscribers and 205 Ordinary 
Members, making a total of 238 contributing Members. ‘Three years ago 
I ventured to express from this chair a hope that we might be able to 
publish a Jubilee List of not less than 300 Members. It is not yet too late. 
And I appeal to each and all of you, Gentlemen, to be active in striving to 
attain this object. . 

«The Entomological Society of London is instituted for the improve- 
ment and diffusion of Entomological Science.” From first to last, this has 
been our only object. To bring fellow-workers into friendly communication 
and facilitate the interchange of ideas, to extract the hidden knowledge of 
secluded students, to provide a Library for consultation, to encourage 
observation and experiment, and to publish the results for the benefit of all 
whom they may concern—such is our aim, the very reason of our being. 
And I venture to assert that the Society has succeeded in its object. Ifany 
be inclined to doubt, I refer him to the thirty volumes of our Transactions, 
to the Record of Proceedings at our more than 600 meetings, as proof of 
our activity and of the unfailing ardour with which the Society has now for 
half a century devoted itself to the diffusion of entomological science. 

Let me recall the names of some who in their day were enrolled in 
our ranks—such men, for instance, as Adams, Allis, Atkinson, Bainbridge, 
Bakewell, Bedell, Bell, Bevan, Bladon, Bowerbank, Bree, Brown, Champion, 
Children, Clark, Crotch, Curtis, Darwin, Dawson, Desvignes, the Double- 
days, Evans, Gould, the Grays, Guyon, Haliday, Hewitson, Hope, Hors- 
field, Howitt, Ingall, Ingpen, Jesse, Kirby, Lee, Macleay, Melly, Murray, 
Newman, Newport, Pickering, Raddon, Roget, Saunders, Shuckard, Smith, 
Solly, Spence, Spry, Stephens, Swanzy, Swainson, Sykes, Thwaites, Turner, 
Vigors, Wailes, Walker, Walton, White, Wollaston, and Yarrell. 

I might have added others to this list of departed worthies, and I am 
prohibited, by the fact that they are still amongst us, from mentioning 
many distinguished men; but the names I have recited, including students 
and workers in Entomology who have left their mark behind them, and 
others who happily were not limited to our own or even to kindred branches 
of Science, are sufficient to cast no light burden upon us and our successors 
to maintain the traditions of this Society. Is it nothing that we should 
stand in the place of such predecessors? Is it nothing that this Society 


( ax 9) 


should have formed a bond of union and friendship between them? Surely 
an Association like this fulfils a useful purpose if it does nothing more than 
perform the humble function of the string that binds the pearls together. 

At the outset it was part of the plan of operations that a Collection of 
Insects should be formed; and in 1835 the Rev. Wm. Kirby presented. his 
entire collection of entomological objects to the Society, unfettered by any 
restriction whatever. It was found, however, that the formation and 
maintenance of a General Entomological Museum were more than the 
resources of the Society would warrant; and in 1855 the Exotic Collection 
was discontinued. Eventually, after thirty years’ experience, the formation 
of a British Collection was also abandoned; the Kirbyan cabinets, and all 
the type-specimens, found a permanent home in the British Museum; and 
the Curator of the Society was merged in the Librarian. 

Of the nine gentlemen who have filled the office of Curator or Librarian,— 
Messrs. Waterhouse, Pickering, Shuckard, Westwood, Bainbridge, Frederick 
Smith, Janson, T. A. Marshall, and Grut,—Mr. Smith occupied it for 
fourteen and Mr. Janson for twenty years ; the present occupant is only in 
his sixth year of office, but it must be the wish and hope of all that he will 
continue to give us the benefit of his services for many years to come. 

Of Treasurers we have had but six—Messrs. Hope, Yarrell, Samuel 
Stevens, M‘Lachlan, J. Jenner Weir, and Edward Saunders. Of these 
Mr. Yarrell acted for eighteen and Mr. Stevens for twenty years. I trust 
the present Treasurer will grow as old in office as the oldest of his 
predecessors. 

Originally there was but one Secretary, and the first was George Robert 
Gray; but at the beginning of 1834 he gave place to Mr. Westwood, and 
although Mr. W. B. Spence was for two or three years appointed Foreign 
Secretary, it was not until 1847 that two Secretaries were authorized by 
the Bye-Laws, and Mr. Westwood was provided with a colleague. The 
subsequent occupants of the office have been Messrs. Evans, Edward 
Doubleday, Douglas, Stainton, Wing, Shepherd, Janson, Dunning, Sharp, 
M‘Lachlan, Grut, Verrall, Butler, Meldola, Distant, Fitch, and Kirby; so 
that by a curious coincidence the Society has during fifty years had just 
as many Secretaries as it has had Presidents. 

Including our Honorary President, who died in 1850 at the patriarchal 
age of ninety-two, I have had twenty predecessors in this chair. It has 
throughout been one of our rules that the officers shall be elected annually, 
and that the President shall not hold that office for more than two years 
consecutively. Messrs. Children, Stephens, Newport, Spence, G. R. Water- 
house, Newman, J. EH. Gray, Douglas, F. Smith, Pascoe, A. R. Wallace, 
Sir 8. S. Saunders, and Stainton have each held it for two consecutive years ; 
Mr. Curtis for one year; Mr. Bates for three; Mr. W. Wilson Saunders 
and Sir John Lubbock for four; the Rev. F. W. Hope and Prof. Westwood 


Cc 


[ae 


each for six years. Nine of the twenty are still amongst us, and I am 
pleased to see that several of them are present this evening. 

Gentlemen, I can only regret that, by the irony of fate, it has fallen 
to my lot to fill the Presidential Chair on this occasion, when, of all 
others, it ought to have been occupied by one of the Fathers of British 
Entomology. But you have willed it otherwise, and I will bury my regret ; 
nay, it is already swallowed up in the delight I feel at the commission 
with which I have been entrusted by the unanimous voice of the Council, 
and I am sure that the proposition I have now to make will meet with 
your approval, and be carried by acclamation. 

I have to suggest that Prof. Westwood be made titular Life-President 
of the Society. 

There is no man to whom we asa body owe so much. An Original 
Member, he has never failed us; during the crucial period of our childhood 
he was the motive power, the life and soul of the Society; for fourteen 
consecutive years he was Secretary, and for part of that time he was 
Curator also. The Council has seldom been complete without him; he 
has been Vice-President times without number, and during six years 
(1851-52, 72-73, 76-77) he was our President. Whilst he resided in or 
near London he rarely missed one of our meetings; even Oxford cannot 
keep him away from us; and there is not a single year from first to last 
that he has not been a contributor to our ‘ Transactions.’ From 1827 to 
the present time his pen and his pencil have never been idle; his papers 
are scattered broadcast over the scientific publications of this and other 
countries; and to single out a few of his more important works it is 
enough to mention the ‘Introduction to the Modern Classification of 
Insects’ (1839-40), the ‘Arcana Entomologica’ (1841-45), the ‘ Cabinet 
of Oriental Entomology’ (1848), the ‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera’ 
(1852), and the ‘ Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis’ (1874). What do 
we not owe to Westwood’s ‘Introduction’? has it not been to many of the 
present generation of entomologists the very fountain and sole source of 
their scientific views? His labours have ranged over the whole domain 
of our Science. Specialists may excel in their own particular groups, but 
as a general entomologist have we a man to compare with him ? 

Scientific bodies, both at home and abroad, have delighted to do him 
honour: the Entomological Societies of France and Holland, of Berlin, 
Stettin, and St. Petersburg have claimed him for their Honorary List: 
other Scientific Associations in France, Germany and Austria, in Russia 
and Scandinavia, in the United States of North America and the Dominion 
of Canada, have vied with each other in conferring upon him such 
distinctions as lay in their power; Brazil has made him a Knight of the 
Imperial Order of the Rose; and if scientific knighthood carried any 
outward sign, his breast would be one blaze of stars. 


ae 


At the foundation of the Society the joint authors of the ‘ Introduction 
to Entomology’ were chosen Honorary Members. It was at the same 
time made one of our Bye-Laws that no other resident in the United 
Kingdom should be an Honorary Member; wisely, as I think, we have 
retained that Bye-Law, and I hope we shall retain it. The proposition 
to be submitted to you involves no infraction of that rule. 

But, in addition to the Honorary Membership which he shared with 
Spence, the venerable Kirby was made Honorary President for life. And 
it occurred to our Secretary who bears that honoured name that it would 
be a graceful act to confer a similar distinction upon Professor Westwood. 
As Kirby’s position was unique in 1833, so is Westwood’s now: and it 
needs no Bye-Law to forbid a recurrence of to-night. The laws of Nature 
will prevent it; for long before our second Jubilee the Original Members 
will be no more. 

I do not propose to abdicate the functions with which your kindness 
has invested me. But if it be your pleasure to adopt the suggestion that 
has been made, I shall be proud to recognise Prof. Westwood as my titular 
Chief, and to yield the Chair to him at any of our Scientific Meetings 
when we are favoured with his presence. I know no better way of showing 
that our constancy is equal to his, and that our gratitude is enduring and 
life-long. It is a barren title and an empty honour, but it is all that we as 
a Society can bestow. He has grown grey in our service, and in recognition 
of his services, to us in particular and to our Science in general, I ask you 
to confer upon him a title which will be a standing record of the esteem 
in which we hold him, and which throughout the evening of his days shall 
assure him of our affectionate respect. 


The Honorary Life-Presidency. 
The proposal was carried by acclamation, and Professor Westwood was 
declared Honorary Life-President of the Society. 


Special Meeting. & 

A Special Meeting having been duly convened, pursuant to a requisition 
presented to the President and Council, for the consideration of certain 
proposed alterations in the Bye-Laws, which had been read at the three 
preceding meetings of the Society,— 

Mr. HK. A. Fitch proposed, and Mr. Pascoe seconded, that the Annual 
Contribution fora Member be raised from One Guinea to Two Guineas, 
and that Chapter 13 of the Bye-Laws be altered accordingly. The meeting 
was addressed by Messrs. Sheppard, Distant, M‘Lachlan, Stainton, Kirby, 
Grut, C. O. Waterhouse, Lloyd, Edward Saunders, and Sir Sidney 
Saunders; and by Mr. Fitch in reply. The proposal was negatived by 
19 to 5. <A proposal to abolish the Admission Fee was withdrawn. 


(: =) 


Mr. Grut proposed, and Sir Sidney Saunders seconded, that no more 
Annual Subscribers should be elected, and that Chapter 2 of the Bye-Laws 
should be altered by adding thereto the words, “ But no Subscriber shall 
hereafter be elected.” The meeting was addressed by Mr. Kirby and 
Mr. Fitch; and the proposal was carried by 23 to 2. The proposed 
consequential alterations in Chapters 12 and 15 were likewise carried. 

Mr. W. F. Kirby proposed, and Mr. C. O. Waterhouse seconded, that 
no more Corresponding Members should be elected, and that Chapter 2 of 
the Bye-Laws should be altered by striking out the words ‘“ Corresponding 
Members.” ‘The meeting was addressed by Mr. J. Jenner Weir, Sir Sidney 
Saunders, Messrs. Fitch and Stainton; and the proposal was carried by 
15 to 8. The proposed consequential alteration in Chapter 16 was likewise 
carried. 

Mr. Hi. Saunders proposed, and Mr. Alfred Lloyd seconded, that every 
Member who has paid the Annual Contribution for the year shall be 
entitled to a copy of the ‘ Transactions’ published during the year, and 
that Chapters 15 and 21 of the Bye-Laws be altered accordingly. The 
meeting was addressed by Messrs. Salvin, Stainton, Waterhouse, Weir, 
Kirby, Distant, and Sir Sidney Saunders; and the proposal was carried 
by 265 to 3. 

Mr. M‘Lachlan proposed, and Mr. C. O. Waterhouse seconded, that 
the mode of election of the Council and Officers be altered by requiring 
notice to be given of Candidates proposed to be substituted for any of the 
Members recommended by the Council, and that Chapter 20 of the Bye- 
Laws and the Schedule thereto be altered accordingly. The meeting was 
addressed by Mr. Jenner Weir, Mr. Wormald, and Sir Sidney Saunders ; 
and the proposal was carried by 16 to none. 

The result was that the proposed alterations in Chapters 8 and 13 were 
not carried; and that all the proposed alterations in Chapters 2, 12, 15, 
16, 20 and 21 were carried. 


Ordinary Meeting. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed. 

Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the 
respective donors. 

Election of Members. 

E. A. Butler, Esq., B.A., B.Sc. (Arnold House, University School, 
Hastings), and W. H. Miles, Esq. (33, Paris Street, Palace Road, Lambeth, 
S.E.} were balloted for and elected Members of the Society. 

In consequence of the lateness of the hour all scientific business was 
postponed to the next meeting. 


BYE-LAWS 


OF THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 


AS AMENDED 


At a Spsecran Mrrtinc HELD ON THE 2nD May, 1883. 


Cuap. I. Object. 


Tur EntomonocicaL Soctety or Lonpon is instituted for the 
inprovement and diffusion of Entomological Science. 


Cuap. II. Constitution. 


The Society shall consist of Honorary Members, Foreign 
Members, Ordinary Members, and Annual Subscribers. But no 
Subscriber shall hereafter be elected. 


Cuap. III. Management. 


The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council consist- 
ing of thirteen Members, to be chosen annually, four of whom shall 
not be re-eligible for the following year. Five shall be a quorum. 


Cuap. IV. Officers. 


% 

The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President; three 

Vice-Presidents; a Treasurer; two Secretaries; and a Librarian. 

The Officers shall be chosen annually from amongst the Members of 

the Council. No Member shall be President, or a Vice-President, 
more than two years successively. 


Cuap. V. Removal or Resignation of Officers. 

1. For any cause which shall appear sufficient to a majority 
thereof the Council shall have power to suspend any Officer of the 
Society from the exercise of his office, or to remove him and declare 
such office vacant. 


ll BYE-LAWS. 


2. In the event of any vacancy occurring in the Council or Officers 
of the Society, at the next meeting of Council after such vacancy has 
been made known, the Council shall recommend to the Society the 
name of some person duly qualified to be elected to the vacant 
situation; and the next Ordinary Meeting of the Society shall be 
made a Special Meeting and the Members summoned accordingly, 
and the Election shall take place as provided for at the Annual 
Meeting, Chap. XX. 


Cuap. VI. President. 


1. The duty of the President shall be to preside at the Meetings of 
the Society and Council, and regulate all the discussions and proceed- 
ings therein, and to execute or see to the execution of the Bye-laws 
and orders of the Society. 

2. In case of an equality of Votes the President shall have a double 
or casting Vote. 

Cuap. VII. Vice-Presidents. 


1. The Vice-Presidents shall be nominated by the President. Such 
nomination shall be declared at the Ordinary Meeting next after the 
election of the President in every year. 

2. In the absence of the President a Vice-President shall fill his 
place, and shall for the time being have all the authority, power, and 
privilege of the President. 

3. In the absence of all the Vice-Presidents a Member of the 
Council shall preside ; and if no Member of the Council be present at 
any Ordinary Meeting the Members present shall appoint by a majority 
to be Chairman such Member as they shall think fit; and the Member 
of Council so presiding, or the Member so appointed, shall for the time 
being have all the authority, power, and privilege of the President.- 


Cuap. VIII. Treasurer. 


1. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to demand and receive for 
the use of the Society all sums of money due or payable to the Society, 
and to disburse all sums payable by the Society out of the funds in 
his hands. 

2. No payment exceeding £5, excepting for rent or taxes, shall be 
made by the Treasurer without the consent of the Council. 

8. The Treasurer shall keep a book of Cheque Receipts for 
admission fees and annual payments; each Receipt shall be signed by 
himself, the date of payment and name of Member or Subscriber 
paying being written both on the Receipt and on the part of the 
Cheque which is left in the book. 


BYE-LAWS. lll 


4. The Treasurer shall demand all arrears of annual payment 
after such payment shall have been due three months. 

5. The accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually, 
previously to the Annual Meeting, by a Committee of three Members 
of the Council and three Members of the Society, to be appointed by 
the President at the Ordinary Meeting in December, of which Com- 
mittee three shall be a quorum. The Treasurer shall furnish the 
Auditors with a detailed account of all receipts and disbursements 
down to the 31st December. 


Cuap. IX. Secretaries. 


1. It shall be the duty of the Secretaries to keep a list of all the 
Members of and Subscribers to the Society, together with their 
addresses ; to summon Meetings (when: necessary) of the Society and 
the Council ; to conduct and produce to the Council all correspondence 
in any way connected with the Society at the next Meeting after such 
correspondence shall have been received or taken place; to take 
Minutes of the Proceedings at Meetings of the Society and the 
Council; to edit the Transactions and Journal of Proceedings; and, 
generally, to act under the direction of the Council in all matters 
connected with the welfare of the Society. 

2. In the absence from any Meeting of the Society or the Council 
of both the Secretaries, Minutes of the Proceedings shall be taken by 
a Member whom the President shall appoint for the occasion. 


Cuap. X. Librarian. 


1. It shall be the duty of the Librarian to take care of the Library 
and MSS., and keep a Catalogue thereof, with the names of the 
Donors; to call in all Books borrowed, and see that the ee 
Regulations are carried into effect. 

2. The Council may employ a Sub-Librarian, who shall receive 
such remuneration as the Council shall from time to time determine, 
and shall be subject to such Rules and Orders as shall from time to 
time be given to him by the Council. 


Cuap. XI. Library Regulations. 


1. No Member or Subscriber shall, without special permission of 
the Council, be allowed to borrow from the Library more than four 
volumes at one time, or, without leave of the Librarian, to retain any 
yolume longer than one month, 


lv BYE-LAWS. 


2. If any book be torn, injured, lost, or not forthcoming when 
lemanded by the Librarian, full compensation shall be made for the 
same by the borrower. 

3. The Librarian shall call in all books borrowed from the Library 
on the 5th day of January and 5th day of July in each year; and in 
case the same be not returned on or before the Ordinary Meeting of 
the Society in the following month, notice thereof shall be given by 
him to the Council, who shall then direct a second notice to be sent to 
the Member or Subscriber retaining any book, and in case the same 
be not returned within the further space of four weeks from the date 
of such second notice so sent, such Member or Subscriber shall in 
future be disqualified from borrowing books from the Library without 
the special permission of the Council. 

4. The Library shall be open to the Members and Subscribers 
between the hours of one and six p.m. on every week-day, except 
Saturday, and on that day between one and three p.m. 

5. No stranger shall be allowed access to the Library unless 
introduced by a Member or Subscriber; but a note addressed to the 
Librarian or Secretary shall be deemed a sufficient introduction. 


Cuap. XII. Election of Members. 


1. Every Candidate for admission into the Society shall be 
proposed by three or more Members, who must sign a Certificate in 
recommendation of him. The Certificate shall specify the name and 
usual place of residence of the Candidate. 

2. The Certificate for a Member, having been read at one of the 
Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the room, read again at the 
following Ordinary Meeting, and the person therem recommended 
shall be balloted for at the next Ordinary Meeting. 

3. The method of voting for the election of Members shall be by 
ballot, and two-thirds of the members balloting shall elect. 

4. Members shall sign the Obligation Book of the Society at the 
first Ordinary Meeting of the Society at which they are present, and 
shall then be admitted by the President. 


Cuap. XIII. Admission Fee and Annual Contribution. 


1. The Admission Fee for a Member shall be £2 2s., the Annual 
Contribution £1 1s. 

2. The Annual Contribution for a Subscriber shall be £1 1s., 
without Admission Fee, 


BYE-LAWS. V 


3. The composition for a Life Member in lieu of the Annual 
Contribution shall be £15 15s. 

4, The Annual Contribution shall become due on the 1st day of 
January in advance; any Member elected after September will not be 
called upon for his Contribution for that year. 


Cuap. XIV. Withdrawing and Removal of Members. 


1. Every Member or Subscriber, having paid all sums due to the 
Society, shall be at liberty to withdraw therefrom upon giving notice 
in writing to the Secretary. 

2. Whenever written notice of a motion for removing any Member 
or Subscriber shall be delivered to the Secretary, signed by the 
President or Chairman for the time being on the part of the Council 
or by five or more Members, such notice shall be read from the chair 
at the two Ordinary Meetings immediately following the delivery 
thereof, and the next following Ordinary Meeting shall be made a 
Special Meeting and the Members summoned accordingly, when such 
motion shall be taken into consideration and decided by ballot ; 
whereat if a majority of the Members balloting shall vote that 
such Member or Subscriber be removed, he shall be removed from 
the Society. 

8. Whenever any Member of the Society shall be in arrear for 
three years in the payment of his Annual Contribution, notice thereof 
in writing shall be given or sent to him by the Treasurer, together 
with a copy of this section; and in case the same shall remain 
unpaid, the Treasurer shall give notice thereof to the Council, who 
shall cause a second similar notice to be sent to the Member, with an 
intimation that at the expiration of three months he will be liable to 
have his name erased from the list of Members. In default of payment, 
the Council may order his name to be erased accordingly. 

4. Whenever the Annual Contribution of a Subscriber shall be in 
arrear one year, such Subscriber shall have his name erased from the 
list of Subscribers and cease to belong to the Society. 


Cuap. XV. Privileges of Members. 


1. Members have the right to be present, to state their opinions, 
and to vote, at all General Meetings; to propose Candidates for 
admission into the Society ; to introduce Visitors at General Meetings 
of the Society; to have personal access, and to introduce scientific 
strangers, to the Library; and Members who have paid the Annual 
Contribution for the year shall be entitled to receive a copy of the 
Transactions published during the year, 


vi BYE-LAWS. 


2. Members shall be eligible to any office in the Society, provided 
they are not more than one year in arrear in the payment of the 
Annual Contribution. 

3. A Member shall not be entitled to vote on any occasion until 
he shall have paid his Contribution for the year last past. 


Cuap. XVI. Foreign Members. 


1. Any Foreigner, not resident in the United Kingdom, who has 
distinguished himself as an Entomologist, or who has shown himself 
able and willing to promote the ends for which the Society is founded, 
may be elected a Foreign Member; his Annual Contribution shall be 
£1 1s., he shall be exempt from the payment of any Admission Fee, 
and shall be entitled to the same privileges as an Ordinary Member. 


Cuap. XVII. Honorary Members. 


1. Every person proposed as an Honorary Member shall be 
recommended by the Council; and shall be balloted for, and, if 
elected, be liable to be removed in the like form and manner, and be 
subject to the same rules and restrictions, as an Ordinary Member. 

2. Honorary Members shall be exempt from the payment of Fees 
and Contributions, and shall possess all the privileges of Ordinary 
Members. 

8. No resident in the United Kingdom shall be an Honorary 
Member. 

4. The number of Honorary Members shall not exceed ten. 


Cuap. XVIII. Ordinary Meetings of the Society. 


1. The Ordinary Meetings of the Society shall be held on the first 
Wednesday in each month (except January), beginning at seven 
o’clock in the evening, or at such other time as the Council shall from 
time to time direct. 

2. At the Ordinary Meetings the order of business shall be as 
follows :— 


(1.) The names of the Visitors present at the Meeting shall be 
read aloud by the President. 

(2.) The Minutes of the last Meeting shall be read aloud by 
one of the Secretaries, proposed for confirmation by the 
Meeting, and signed by the President. 

(8.) The Presents made to the Society since the last Meeting 
shall be announced and exhibited, 


BYE-LAWS. Vili 


(4.) Certificates in favour of Candidates for admission into the 
Society shall be read, and Candidates shall be balloted 
for. 

(5.) Members shall sign their names in the Obligation Book, 
and be admitted. 

(6.) Exhibitions of specimens, &c., shall be made. 

(7.) Entomological communications shall be announced and 
read either by the Author or one of the Secretaries. 

(8.) When the other business has been completed, the persons 
present shall be invited by the President to make their 
observations on the communications which have been 
read, and on the specimens or drawings which have 
been exhibited at the Meeting. 


8. All Memoirs which shall be read at any Meeting of the Society 
shall become the property of the Society, unless otherwise stipulated 
for previous to the reading thereof. 

4. No Motion relating to the government of the Society, its 
Bye-Laws, the management of its concerns, or the election, appoint- 
ment, or removal of its officers, shall be made at any Ordinary 
Meeting. 


Cuap. XIX. Special Meeting. 


1. Upon the requisition of any six or more Members, presented to 
the President and Council, a Special General Meeting of the Society 
shall be convened; a notice thereof shall be sent to every Member 
whose last known residence shall be in the United Kingdom, at least 
seven days before such Meeting shall take place; and any proposition 
to be submitted to such Meeting shall be stated at length in such 
notice. 

2. No vote shall be taken at any Special Meeting unless nine or 
more Members shall be present. 


Cuap. XX. Annual Meeting. 


1. The Annual Meeting of the Society shall be held on the third 
Wednesday in January. 

2. The objects of the Meeting shall be to receive from the Council, 
and hear read, their Annual Report on the general concerns of the 
Society ; and to choose the Council and Officers for the ensuing year. 

3. The Council for the time being shall annually cause to be 
prepared two Lists, one of which (No. 1 in the Schedule hereto) shall 


Vill BYE-LAWS. 


contain the names of Members whom they shall recommend to be 
re-elected, and of other Members to be elected into the Council; and 
the other List (No. 2) shall contain the names of such persons as they 
shall recommend to fill the offices of President, Treasurer, Secretaries, 
and Librarian for the year ensuing; which Lists shall be read at the 
Ordinary Meeting in December, and shall then be fixed up in the room 
until the day of election. And copies of such Lists shall be transmitted 
to every Member whose last known residence shall be in the United 
Kingdom, before the 20th December. 

4, If any four or more Members shall desire to substitute the name 
or names of any other Member or Members to be elected into the 
Council or to fill any of the offices of President, Treasurer, Secretary, 
or Librarian, such four or more Members shall give notice in writing 
to that effect, specifying the name or names of the Member or 
Members proposed to be substituted; such notice to be given on or 
before the 81st December to one of the Secretaries, who shall before 
the second Wednesday in January transmit a List of the names 
proposed to be substituted to every Member whose last known residence 
shall be in the United Kingdom. 

5. If no such notice be given to either of the Secretaries on or 
before the 31st December, the Members named in the Lists prepared 
by the Council shall be the Council and Officers for the ensuing year. 

6. If any such notice be given, the election shall be by Ballot at 
the Annual Meeting, and the President shall appoint two or more 
Serutineers from the Members present, not being Members of the 
Council, to superintend the ballots and report the results to the 
Meeting. The Secretaries, assisted by the Treasurer, shall prepare a 
List of the Members entitled to vote, and each Member voting shall 
give his name to the Scrutineers to be marked on the said List, and 
shall then put his balloting lists into the respective glasses to be 
provided for such occasion. 

7. Any balloting List containing a greater number of names 
proposed for any office than the number to be elected to such office, 
shall be wholly void, and be rejected by the Scrutineers. 

8. No Ballot shall be taken unless nine or more Members shall be 
present. 

9. If from any cause an election shall not take place of persons to 
fill the Council, or any of the offices aforesaid, then the election of the 
Council and Officers, or the election of Officers, as the case may be, 
shall be adjourned until the next convenient day, of which notice shall 
be given in like manner as is directed for the Annual Meeting. 


BYE-LAWS. 1X 


Cuap. XXI. Transactions and Journal of Proceedings. 


1. The Transactions shall consist of such Papers communicated to 
the Meetings of the Society as the Council shall order to be published 
therein. 

2. The Transactions shall be published quarterly, and at such 
prices as the Council shall direct for each Part or Volume. 

3. Authors of Memoirs published in the Transactions shall be 
allowed twenty-five copies of their communications gratis. If any 
additional number be required, the entire expense thereof shall be 
paid for by the Authors. 

4, A Journal of Proceedings of the Society shall also be published, 
containing Abstracts of the Papers read and Notices of other Matters 
communicated at the Ordinary Meetings of the Society. The Pro- 
ceedings shall be bound up with the Transactions. 


Cuap. XXII. Alteration of the Bye-Laws. 


Any of the Bye-Laws of the Society may at any time be repealed 
or altered, or others adopted in lieu thereof, at a Special Meeting of 
the Society, to be held after a Notice given to the President and 
Council, signed by six Members at least, and specifying the intended 


repeal or alteration, has been read at three Ordinary Meetings of the 
Society. 


x BYE-LAWS. 


THE SCHEDULE REFERRED TO IN CHAPTER XxX. 
Nova 
Form of Last for the Council. 


List of Members of the present Council recommended to be re-elected 
at the Election on the day of January,18 .* 


ORI UF 


MeN: 


@.P; 


| 

| 

| 

Ps 

ee | 
| 

| 

| 

| 


Q.R. 


List of Members recommended to be elected into the Council :— 


pail 


U. V. 


W. X. | 
Y. Z. | 
* Tf any of the Names in this List be objected to, they must be struck out before 


the Ballot, and other names, notified as provided by Sec. 4 of Chapter xx. of the 
Society’s Bye-Laws, may be substituted in the blank spaces left for that purpose. 


BYE-LAWS. xi 


No. 2. 
Form of List for the Officers. 


List of Persons recommended by the present Council to be appointed 
to the offices of President, Treasurer, Secretaries, and Librarian, 
at the Election on the day of January, 18 


Prepident: sc. 7ec. <2. Z.A | 
SRECABUT OR wcncau ce riiet as 2 ah 8 | a 
Secretaries............ | a - | i 
SRIDERPPAN, 2025 0deccees 4 V.E | 


* If any of the Names in this List be objected to, they must be struck out before 
the Ballot, and other names, notified as provided by Sec. 4 of Chapter xx. of the 
Society’s Bye-Laws, may be substituted in the blank spaces left for that purpose. 


Pie ce as Pe, 
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( xiii) 


June 6, 1888. 
J. W. Dunnine, Hsq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair. 


Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to tho 
respective donors. 


Election of a Member. 
George Coverdale, Esq. (24, Fleming Road, Lorrimore Square, 8.H.), 
was balloted for and elected a Member of the Society. 


The President invited Prof. Westwood, Honorary Life-President, to take 
the chair, which he accordingly did, and read the following address :— 


GENTLEMEN, 

I hardly know how sufficiently to express to you my thanks for the 
great honour you have conferred on me in unanimously electing me as the 
Honorary Life-President of the Entomological Society of London, an office 
hitherto in England held only by the venerable William Kirby; whilst in 
France Latreille was the only entomologist on whom the Honorary Presi- 
dentship of the “ Societe Entomologique de France” was conferred. Before 
the names of these ‘“ heroes scientie” I must hide my diminished head, 
as nothing which I have ever written can be put in competition with the 
‘Monographia Apum Angliz’ of Kirby, or the ‘ Genera Crustaceorum et 
insectorum’ of Latreille. I, however, may without egotism lay claim to 
two characteristics which have governed me through my long entomological 
career, namely (1st) an earnest zeal to further the science of Entomology 
amongst both naturalists and the public by the investigation of difficult 
materials, and the diffusion of sound knowledge in a more or less popular 
manner; and (2nd) a thorough perception of the truth of the adage, “ars 
longa, vita brevis,” and a determination to adopt the equally useful adage, 
“nulla dies sine linea,” by constantly employing myself, either in accumu- 
lating knowledge of what was being done by my fellow-workers in the 
Science (to whom I trust I have always done ample justice), or in adding, 
either by my pen or pencil, original materials to the fast-growing stores of 
knowledge with which from day today we have for the last half-century been 
inundated, and which require, for utilisation, a constant system of assimi- 
lation. As a specimen of what may be done in the way of daily registration 
of observations, I beg leave to exhibit to you the diary of the late John 
Curtis, which (together with all his unpublished manuscript notes and 
drawings) has come into my possession from his widow; and, as I consider 
this to be the best system of daily record of observations with which I have 
ever been acquainted, I think it quite worthy of the attention of the younger 

D 


(> Sin.) 


members of the Society. It is a volume of nearly 400 pages, one of which 
is devoted to each day throughout the year, and in which, of course, all the 
current observations of the day are recorded. This being continued from 
year to year, an easy comparison is afforded at a single glance of the 
entomological peculiarities at any given day or season: whilst an alphabetical 
index at the end of the volume to the observations contained therein (which 
feature, however, is wanting in Mr. Curtis’s volume) would be found of 
great service, as showing the periods of the different phases of life of any 
given species. 

The state of the Science of Entomology, and the means by which it 
may now most successfully be investigated, are so totally at variance with 
what they were when about the year 1820 I first commenced the study, 
that I can but feel that the young student may, and almost necessarily must 
be, deterred from taking up the pursuit otherwise than in a very cursory and 
unsatisfactory, or in a very limited, manner. At the period to which I have 
referred, the system of Linnzeus was generally regarded as the ne plus ultra 
of the Science. A few of what we should now regard as quite children’s 
books, such as Pinnock’s ‘ Catechism of Entomology,’ ‘ Anecdotes of Remark- 
able Insects,’ and others of the same class, were, with the exception of 
Kirby and Spence’s ‘ Introduction,’ our only guides. Samouelle’s ‘ Com- 
pendium’ was commenced and half occupied with the Linnean Arrange- 
ment, when the latter half of the volume was, by the advice of Dr. Leach, 
extended to the then modern system of classification and study which had 
not long before been introduced in France by Latreille. It was conse- 
quently not difficult in those days to obtain a general idea of the insect- 
world; and entomologists (with the exception of a few “ Aurelians,” as the 
students of Lepidoptera were then termed) formed general collections of 
British insects of all orders, the result of which is well shown in the works 
of Curtis and Stephens. By degrees, however, the vast number of additions 
to the British fauna, and the unnumbered hosts of exotic species with 
which we have been and still are inundated, have gradually rendered it 
almost necessary for the lover of the Science to restrict himself to the 
insects of a single order, or even to those of a single family of insects. 

In this manner, indeed, most important additions have been made to 
the stores of entomological science. The labours of Sir John Lubbock on 
the habits of bees, wasps, and ants; the beautiful works on the Tineide 
by Mr. Stainton; the monographs on the Carabide by Dejean; the 
hymenopterous works of the late Frederick Smith ; and the dipterous works 
of the late Professor J.oew and of the Baron Osten-Sacken, are all instances 
of the vast progress made in different directions by continuous specialised 
labour. Of course to render such labours most efficient it is absolutely 
necessary that each subject should be thoroughly investigated, and nothing 
left for future inquiry ; the entire organisation of an insect, in all its stages, 


y=) 


must be studied; the opinions of previous writers must be carefully criti- 
cised, but not slavishly adopted; and thus works like Lyonnet’s wonderful 
volumes on the Cossus, or Victor Audouin’s on the Pyralis of the vine; and 
monographs like Kirby’s on the British bees, Mr. M‘Lachlan’s on the 
Trichoptera, Mr. Eaton’s on the Ephemerida, and Mr. Pickard-Cambridge’s 
on the spiders, will be added to our stores of general knowledge. 

When we consider the present state of our knowledge of the vast 
number of species of insects compared with that of all the other tribes of 
animals, the young entomologist may well feel appalled at the difficulties 
which are opened to his view. Thus, whilst Professor Huxley estimates 
the number of all the known species of animals (exclusive of the Arthro- 
poda) at 50,000, we find nearly 80,000 species of beetles alone catalogued 
in Harold and Gemminger’s list.. Such a number of species unfortunately 
necessitates the creation of vast numbers of new genera, with the still 
greater multiplication of subgenera or groups established, often recklessly 
on insufficient or ill-considered characters, all which is unfortunately 
forming an almost insuperable barrier against the real progress of the 
science. How this barrier is to be overcome seems to me to be a matter 
deserving very serious consideration ; for, whilst it is necessary in the 
special investigation of any given group to separate discordant species and 
regard them as separate genera or subgenera, the requirement of the more 
general student is opposed: to such numerous and often arbitrary divisions 
which it is impossible for him to study, but of which it is useful for him to 
have some general idea. An instance of this kind is afforded in the last 
part of the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Linnean Society, where Mr. W. F. Kirby 
has established a number of new genera founded upon different thick- 
thighed species of the older genus Chalcis. The species are for the most 
part South American, and unique in the British Museum Collection, and 
for more general purposes may well be known and spoken of under the old 
generic name of Chalcis. Fifty yearsago, M. Laporte (Comte de Castelnau) 
partially endeavoured to obviate the difficulty by employing generic names 
which had evident reference to the principal genus in the group; thus we 
had genera or subgenera Lucidota, Luciola, Lucio, and Lucernuta estab- 
lished in the family Lampyrid@ (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. ii., 1833). 

The same difficulty exists in the elevation of local forms or geographical 
subspecies to the rank of distinct species without a due consideration of the 
primitive forms from which they have probably sprung. The consideration 
of the nature of the differences which distinguish these various forms and 
the possible cause of their origin deserve the most attentive consideration of 
the student, although the evidences of their origin may be as difficult to 
investigate as those on which the varieties of the human race or those of 
our domestic animals have originated, of which also amongst plants the 
genera Rosa, Rununculus, and Salia afford equally difficult examples. Tn 


ie ey 


this point of view the recent memoir of Dr. Hagen on the variations of 
Papilio Machaon is of great interest, although the difficulty of the subject 
has already been manifested by the opposition to Dr. Hagen’s views of so 
excellent a lepidopterist as Mr. Edwards. 

I should be unwilling in this view of the subject to deny the intimate 
connection of this question with the Darwinian theory of development, 
but I would earnestly discourage my young hearers from following this 
attractive theory too far, as it appears to me that it can only end in vague 
speculations impossible of proof, especially whilst there still remain so 
many interesting and important points which are capable of solution by a 
careful and long-continued course of investigation. 

In addition to the systematic labours of the monographer and student 
of the modern classification and description of species, the life-history 
researches of such writers as DeGeer and Reaumur; the special morpho- 
logical memoirs, such as those of Lyonnet on the Cossus, or Straus Durck- 
heim on the Cockchaffer, or that of Mr. P. H. Goose on the clasping organs 
of male butterflies just published in the ‘ Transactions’ of the Linnean 
Society, we must now add another special branch of the science, that of 
Keconomic Entomology,—that is, the investigation and publication of the 
natural history of such species of insects as are either beneficial or 
obnoxious to mankind. The labours of John Curtis, as exhibited in his 
fine work ‘Farm Insects,’ must here be referred to, and those of Miss 
Eleanor Ormerod, whose unwearied proceedings are manifested in her 
‘ Annual Reports’ and in her most useful ‘ Manual of Injurious Insects.’ 
In America this branch of the subject has been carried much further than 
in England, the appointment of State Entomologists by several of the 
leading States of the Great Republic having led to the publication of several 
very valuable series of annual reports on obnoxious insects by Messrs. 
Riley, Comstock, and others. ‘The attention of our own Government has 
at length been directed to the importance of this branch of the subject, 
and I believe 1 am at liberty to mention that an important step will be 
shortly carried out for bringing the subject in an official and satisfactory 
manner before the general public. 

As I have elsewhere ventured to remark, the investigation of the precise 
nature of the variations in any given species in a state of nature and the 
causes which have led to such variations are of far higher importance either 
than the establishment of new and independent species, or the study of 
analogous modifications produced like those of pigeons under a state of 
domestication. 

There is still another field of investigation opened to the entomologist 
by the recent improvements in microscopes, especially in the movable appa- 
ratus, by which lenses of different powers are brought to act upon objects 
by means of a simple revolving disc upon which they are fixed. A still 


C avr.) 


more important apparatus has been invented for marking the most delicate 
sections of the various organs of insects; and here I may suggest that it 
is much to be wished that the attention of some of our entomologists was 
directed to the internal anatomy of insects, which, by the aid of the last- 
mentioned apparatus, is shown out in a wonderful manner, and is much 
facilitated, an example of which may be noticed in Sir John Lubbock’s 
plates of the internal anatomy of the head of the ant, and especially in 
Mr. George Dimmock’s inaugural memoir on the parts of the mouths of 
the gnat and other dipterous insects. 

It is with great pleasure that I have witnessed the gradual development 
of the entomological collections of the British Museum, now, I venture to 
say, the finest in the world. Let us hope that their removal from Blooms- 
bury to their magnificent new home at South Kensington will be safely 
effected, aud that their new domicile on the ground floor of that establish- 
ment will be less disastrous than that which has attended the location of the 
fine collection of insects in the New Museum of Geneva, where, from the 
misplaced position of the entomological laboratory, mould to a terrible 
extent has assailed the collections, the very valuable one of Mr. Melly 
having, however, escaped by being placed in an upper room. 

In conclusion, I cannot too strongly insist on the necessity of investi- 
gating the correlation between the various structures of insects and their 
corresponding habits; believing as I do that every variation of structure 
has resulted from a preconceived design, and that nothing has been left to 
blind chance, or to the power of external forms in developing previously 
non-existent structures into a permanent specialized condition. 


Exhibitions, de. 

Mr. J. W. Slater exhibited a large case containing numerous specimens 
of Lepidoptera from Zululand. 

Prof. Westwood made some detailed remarks on some of the specimens, 
especially on the Rhopalocera and Bombycide, noticing various rare and 
beautiful species of Acrwa and a pair of the rare Lombya Oubie, Guer., 
figured in Lefebvre’s ‘ Voyage en Abyssinie’ (Ins. pl. xii. figs. 1, 2), but 
hitherto otherwise unknown to him. 

Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited an object found in a nest of Formica nigra 
in Ayrshire by Mr. P. Cameron. 

Prof. Westwood suggested that it was the pupa, or rather the indurated 
skin, of some syrphideous insect. 

Baron Osten-Sacken, who was present as a visitor, said it was certainly 
the pupa of one of the Syrphida, probably of Aphritis aureopubescens, Latr.* 

* In Bull. Soc. Ent. France (6, pp. xevii, evi; Sept. 1882) it is mentioned that 


M. V. Mayet, of Montpellier, frequently finds larve and pup of Microdon mutabilis, 
L. (= Aphritis aureopubescens, Latr.) in nests of Lasius niger.—W, F. K, 


(xvi 4 


Mr. E. Saunders exhibited a specimen of Lebia turcica, Fabr., recently 
captured by Mr. W. H. Bennett in a clearing in a wood at Guestling, near 
Hastings. Mr. Saunders remarked that this species had been omitted from 
the two recently-published British catalogues. 

Mr. M‘Lachlan enquired whether any member present had heard of 
other recently-reported captures of this insect. 

Rev. H. 8. Gorham said there had been no other recent capture, and 
he fully believed in the authenticity of this one. The species was figured 
by Curtis, and he saw no reason to think the specimen now exhibited was 
imported. Lebia crua-minor was almost unique until taken in some numbers 
in a marshy spot at Holme Bush, near Brighton, by Dr. Power; it had not 
since been found there, although he and Mr. Lewis had often hunted the 
exact spot. Mr. Gorham believed the recent fine weather had contributed 
to the occurrence of this interesting species, and that if the fine season 
lasted he expected many other rare species to be captured. 

Mr. I). A. Fitch exhibited specimens of Jwodes sp.? taken from sheep 
at Maldon; this was with reference to some recent remarks by the Rev. L. 
Blomefield, in which he says, “I can remember no instance of an Ixodes 
found on sheep, though I would not undertake to say they never occur on 
that animal” (‘ Nature,’ vol. xxvil. p. 553; April 12, 1883). Mr. Fitch 
believed the occurrence of Ivodes on sheep to be very rare in the Hastern 
Counties; from the evidence of a gang of sheep-shearers of large experience 
he could only gather that they had met with these true ticks on three or 
four occasions during the last fifty years; it appeared to be otherwise 
further north. Mr. Fitch then read a letter from Mr. Eliott Lockhart, of 
Branxholme, Hawick, N.B., giving some very full information of tick- 
attacks on sheep, and making numerous inquiries about the life-history of 
the Iwodes, which Mr. Fitch hoped some members of the Society would be 
able to supply. This matter had a very practical importance, as the Ixodes 
were supposed to be the cause or necessary agents in producing that fatal 
malady “ louping-ill” or “ trembling” amongst sheep. Extracts from the 
Reports of the Louping-ill Committee of the Teviotdale Farmers’ Club 
were read, and Prof. Williams’ reports, printed in the ‘Transactions of the 
Highland and Agricultural Society’ (1882, pp. 176—201), and Mégnin’s 
‘Les Parasites,’ p. 877, were referred to. The Ixodes appeared to occur 
commonly as far south as the hills of Cumberland and Northumberland, and 
wherever the ticks occurred louping-ill was prevalent. Mr. Todrick notices 
the presence of Iwodes and a disease with similar symptoms to louping-ill 
on the hill-farms of Devon, and Prof. Rutherford notes their existence in 
Cornwall. The northern ticks had been determined by Mr. F. Moore and 
the Rev. O. P. Cambridge to be Ivodes erinaceus, Aud., and I. marginatus, 
Leach. Mégnin says J. reduvius, DeG., is the species most commonly found 
on sheep, but mentions five other species which had occurred. 


¢ sm } 


Miss EK. A. Ormerod, Mr. M‘Lachlan, Lord Walsingham, Mr. Distant, 
and Prof. Westwood made some remarks in connection with the above. 

Mr. Frank Cheshire, who was present as a visitor, made some observa- 
tions on section-cutting in the probosces of honey-feeding insects, as referred 
to by Prof. Westwood in his address. He recommended that the insect to 
be operated upon should be kept fasting for some time and then fed upon 
honey mixed with gelatine impregnated with some highly coloured dye; the 
insect should be immediately decapitated and the head rapidly cooled ; it 
should then be embedded in gelatine and the section cut by means of the 
microtome. ‘The mouth-passage is then easily seen from the presence of 
the dye. Mr. Cheshire then made some extended remarks on his various 
observations upon the minute structure and anatomy of the honey-bee, 
stating that many of his results differed much from the generally received 
authoritative statements. With regard to the tongue of the honey-bee, 
many authrities regarded it as a tube through its entire length, others as 
a gutter or trough, while in reality it is a trough on the upper side at the 
apex and a tube for the rest of its length; the structure of the extreme 
apex (Reaumur’s “ bouton ”),—about which there existed so much difference 
of opinion,—was easily made out by the use of the means Mr. Cheshire 
recommended. 


Papers read. 


Mr. H. W. Bates read the ‘‘ Supplement to the Geodephagous Coleoptera 
of Japan, chiefly from the collection of Mr. George Lewis, made during his 
second visit from February, 1880, to September, 1881.” 118 new species 
had been discovered by Mr. Lewis, but, with those discovered by other 
collectors, 159 were added to those noticed in Mr. Bates’s paper published 
in the ‘ Transactions’ for 1878, viz., 244, three of which are synonyms. 
General and special remarks on the geographical distribution and local 
variation of the various species are included in the paper, Mr. Bates 
remarking that “the prevailing character of the Japanese fauna in the great 
section of the Coleoptera to which this paper refers is Palearctic or North 
Temperate, but the presence of many tropical genera and species is of great 
interest.” In reply to Prof. Westwood, Mr. Bates said he had included but 
one new species of Damaster (D. capito, Lewis), which was very distinct. 

Mr. R. Trimen communicated ‘ Descriptions of twelve new species of 
South-African Lepidoptera Rhopalocera.” These comprised one of the 
Nymphalide, six Lycenide, two Papilionide, and three Hesperiide. 


re < Aa 


July 4, 1883. 
Prof. J.O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S , &c., Hon. Life-President, in the chair. 


Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the 
respective donors. 


Election of a Member. 


A. Eland Shaw, Esq. (92, Elgin Road, Harrow Road, W.), was balloted 
for and elected a Member of the Society. 


Exhibitions, de. 

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan exhibited specimens of Phyllowera vastatrix, Planch., 
from the roots of vines belonging to Mr.J. EK. Lightfoot, Mayor of Accrington. 

Prof. Westwood remarked that he became acquainted with the Phyllowera 
in Britain as long ago as 1862, and that on November 25th, 1867, he 
described and figured this insect, at a meeting of the Ashmolean Society 
in Oxford, under the name of Peritymbia vitisana, which name (had the 
Proceedings of the Ashmolean Society been regularly published) would have 
had priority over M. Planchon’s Rhizaphis vastatria. 

Miss E. A. Ormerod exhibited a bunch of Atheria Ibis, Fabr., found on 
a sprig of alder overhanging water at Hampton Court by Mr. J. Arkwright. 
The swarm of flies measured about 6 in. long by 3 in. broad, and consisted 
of many thousand specimens. 

Mr. E. A. Fitch called attention to the figure of a similar swarm of this 
species in the ‘ Compte-rendu’ of the Societe Entomologique de Belgique 
for July 4th, 1874. 

Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited specimens of four of the five known species 
of American Fulgoride. Three were from Central America. 

Mr. G. C. Champion stated that in Central America he had kept forty 
or fifty specimens alive for days, and had seen no trace of luminosity, 
neither did they stridulate; the evidence of the natives also was quite 
against these insects being luminous. The Fulgoride were very sluggish 
in their habits, Mr. Champion observing that he commonly found specimens 
on the trunks, where they sometimes remained for days; he had never 
seen a specimen on the wing. Mr. Champion also related that he had not 
infrequently found larvee attached to and feeding on the white cottony 
secretion so abundant about some of the smaller Fulgoride ; he had found 
as many as three larve attached to one imago. 

Prof. Westwood commented on the great interest of this last announce- 
ment, remarking that the three cases of lepidopterous parasitism on the 
Fulgoridé already recorded by him (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1876, p. 519; 
1877, p. 433) occurred on eastern species. He was glad to hear that 


wrk 


G xm") 


Mr. Champion had sent home specimens of the parasitic larvee, and hoped 
that further information would be attainable. 

The Secretary, on behalf of Mr. G. Lewis, exhibited the types and 
material used by Dr. Sharp for his memoir on the Japan Pselaphide. Also 
the specimens on which Mr. Lewis has founded his new species of Lucanide, 
and which will be figured in the ‘Transactions.’ Another box was also 
exhibited containing twenty-four male examples of Cladognathus inclinatus, 
Motsch., showing the large and small forms with various connecting links ; 

thirteen male forms of Macrodorcus striatipennis, Motsch., exhibiting the 
connecting forms between it and C. opacus, C. Waterh., and C. Vanvolxemi, 
Lewis; also three examples of Lucanus maculifemoratus, Motsch., of very 
various sizes. 


Papers read. 


Dr. D. Sharp communicated a “ Revision of the Pselaphide of Japan.” 
These consist of sixty-seven species assigned to seventeen genera, nine of 
which are peculiar to Japan. The Japanese Pselaphid fauna was contrasted 
with that of Europe and North America, but the amount of endemic 
peculiarity could not yet be determined on account of the imperfect state of 
our knowledge of the Entomology of the neighbouring regions. 

Mr. G. Lewis communicated a paper “On the Lucanide of Japan.” 
The synonymy of the fifteen species of Lucanini and one of Passalini was 
fully set forth, many corrections becoming necessary. Five new species 
were described and figured. Mr. Lewis remarked on the different forms 
existing in the various species, and stated that he believed these were 
due to the food of the larvee—whether the diet of the individual larva was 
nutritious and abundant or otherwise. 

Prof. Westwood remarked that the great modifications in the size, 
curvature, deflection and dentition of the mandibles in male Lucanide 
required great caution in not too hastily assuming identity of species in 
cases of great individual divergences. 

Dr. F. Leuthner, who was present as a visitor, made some extended 
remarks on the geographical distribution of Lucanid@, also upon the poly- 
morphic forms in the Odontolabini, which had hitherto been regarded as 
something more than varieties. He did not consider Atsalus a Lucanid, 
especially from an examination of its genital organs, but could not now 
define its natural position. 

Mr. P. Cameron communicated the “ Descriptions of sixteen new 
species of parasitic Cynipida, chiefly from Scotland.” 

Prof. Westwood read a “ Further notice concerning the Fig Insects of 
Ceylon,” pointing out that Dr. Meyer’s statement as to the sexes of the 
Ichneumon ficarius is fully confirmed, but whether the male was identical 
with Sycoscaptella 4-setosa, Westw., required further examination. 


(zn, =) 


August 1, 1883. 
J. W. Dunninea, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair. 


Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the 
respective donors. 
Election of a Member. 
W. H. B. Fletcher, Esq., M.A. (6, The Steyne, Worthing, Sussex), was 
balloted for and elected a Member of the Society. 


Exhibitions, dc. 

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited specimens of both sexes of Pompilus spissus, 
Schiddte, captured at Headley Lane in June last. 

Mr. E. A. Fitch stated that Dr. Buchanan White had called his attention 
to the possibility of the supposed gall on twigs of juniper received from 
Mentone, and figured on p. vi of the ‘ Proceedings’ for this year, being 
really a fungus. He had sent the remains of the specimen to Dr. Buchanan 
White, and had received the following note in reply :— 

‘‘T have examined the juniper twigs you have kindly forwarded, and 
find that my surmise was correct. The galls turn out to be, as I suspected, 
a species of Podisoma, a peculiar and rather abnormal genus of Pucciniat. 
The fungi of this family form pulverulent masses in or on leaves, but in 
Podisoma (or the doubtfully distinct Gymnosporangium) the pseudospores 
are not dusty, but imbedded in a gelatinous stratum, and are parasitic on 
the stems of different species of juniper. This is not the first occasion 
on which these fungi have been mistaken for galls. They cause the twigs 
and stems of the attacked plant to form large club-like swellings (your 
specimen shows this in some degree), and these have been thought to be 
galls, though no animal was found in them. The swellings are persistent, 
and the gelatinous mass of the fructification of the fungus appear on them 
year after year at the proper season (usually in spring). I have frequently 
found orange-coloured Cecidomyideous larve living upon different kinds of 
fungi, but usually quite exposed. Your specimen is interesting from the 
way in which the larve have made habitations out of the fungus. As 
several species of Podisoma and Gymnosporangium occur in England, it 
would be worth while noticing if they are attacked in a manner similar 
to the Mentone one. I enclose a rough drawing of the pseudospores, taken 
from your specimen.” 

Mr. Fitch also read a note from Mr. Charles B. Plowright, giving the 
specific name of the fungus as Gymnosporangium juniperina, Linné, and 
continuing :—‘“‘It is a hetercecious fungus; its other state is found upon 
Sorbus aucuparia, and is known as Restelia cornuta, Tul. Many insects 
are recorded by E. Rathay, in his ‘ Untersuchungen iiber die Spermogonien 


(| xxiii) 


der Rostpilze’ (Denk. Akad. Wiss. Wien., xlvi., 4—52; 1881), as feeding 
upon this last-named form—the Restelia, viz.:—Coleoptera 9 species, 
Hymenoptera 9, Diptera 18, Hemiptera 1, and some 7 ants.” 

Sir Sidney Saunders communicated the purport of two letters addressed 
to him by M. Edmond André, of Beaune, upon the subject of the terminal 
segments “des Chalcides a queue”; stating that, after further investigation, 
he concurred in considering Sichel’s so-called hypopygiwm in those genera 
(Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. xxvi, fig. 7D) as a conjoint segment com- 
prising the dorsal and ventral arcs of the 7th. This he intends to notice 
in the ‘ Annales’ of the French Entomological Society. 

Mr. R. Meldola, who had lately received numerous notes on ento- 
mological subjects from Dr. Fritz Miller, which were of considerable 
interest, communicated a short paper :— 


EntomoLogicaL Notes FRoM BRAZIL. 


1. Persecution of distasteful Butterflies by Birds. — Fritz Miiller’s 
proposed extension of the theory of mimicry to the case of distasteful 
genera, which I had the pleasure of communicating to the Society four years 
ago (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. xx) necessitates the sacrifice of a certain 
percentage even of uneatable butterflies through the inexperience of young 
birds, &c. As some reluctance was shown to the acceptance of these new 
views, owing to the want of direct evidence, I wrote to Dr. Miiller to ask him 
to make some observations or experiments bearing upon this point, and last 
year he sent me a specimen of Heliconius eucrate, Hiibn., having a jagged 
notch broken out from corresponding positions on the two front wings, as 
though the insect had been pecked at when at rest by a bird (see Ann. & Mag. 
Nat. Hist., Dec. 1882, p.419). Some further observations have been made 
this year by the same observer, who devoted a week to the observation of the 
undoubtedly nauseous Acrea Thalia, Linn., which swarms in vast numbers, 
and is well known to be the subject of imitation by other non-protected 
species. Dr. Miiller states that as a result he found more than thirty 
specimens having the wings notched in a manner that can only be explained 
by the peck of birds. Some of these examples, of which thirty-six were 
enclosed in his letter, are herewith exhibited. 

2. The colour of the Pupa of Papilio Polydamas, Linn.—According to 
the observations of Wood on Pieris rap@, and of Mrs. Barber on an African 
butterfly, Papilio Nireus, L.inn., the colour of the pupa of these insects is 
determined by the colour of the object on which the larva pupates. This does 
not hold good, however, for all butterflies of which the pupa are differently 
coloured; it is not the case, for example, with Papilio Polydamas. The 
pupe of this butterfly, of which large numbers have been seen by 
Dr. Miiller, are either green or brown, intermediate colours having never 
been found. The ground-colour of the larvee living on Aristolochi@ varies 


( say =) 


within wide limits, entirely black and bright yellowish or reddish brown 
caterpillars being rare, whilst all possible shades between these extreme 
colours are commonly found. Nevertheless the colour of the caterpillar has 
nothing to do with that of the pupa, and from both kinds of pupe similarly 
coloured butterflies are developed, both males and females. The butterfly 
lays from four to six eggs close together; the young larve remain in 
company till the second moult; they feed on the same leaf, and repose close 
together, like the gregarious caterpillars of Papilio Evander, Godt., which 
live in this manner till they pupate. Such a society of young larve, which 
Dr. Miller had observed from the egg in his garden, was transferred to a 
large glass vessel just before the larve distributed themselves over different 
leaves. When about to pupate they were placed in a case, of which the two 
larger sides were of white gauze, and the smaller sides and the top and 
bottom of grey paper. The larve attached themselves to a thin leafless 
stem of Aristolochia. Out of five caterpillars two changed into brown and 
three into green pupe; a brown and green pupa were on the same twig, 
-less than their own length from one another. The caterpillars emerged 
from the egg at the same time, and shed theiy larval skin simultaneously, 
whilst they were exposed to the same external conditions during their 
whole life, being exposed to the same action of light, and having at the 
time of pupation neither brown nor green in their environment. Dr. Miller 
concludes from this experiment that in the case of this species the colour of 
the pupa certainly does not depend upon the colour of its surroundings. 

3. How the Caterpillar of Hunomia Hagrus, Cram., employs its hairs.*— 
Many lepidopterous larve spin the hairs with which they are often so richly 


adorned into the cocoon in which they pupate, thereby not only giving to 
the latter great thickness and solidity with a minimum expenditure of silk, 
but sometimes also the property of frightening away many foes by exciting 
on contact an almost unsufferable stinging and irritation. Hunomia Eagrus, 
a clear-winged Glaucopid with a red hairy body, employs the hairs of the 
caterpillars in a quite different and peculiar manner as a protection during 


* * Kosmos,’ vi, Jahrg, (Bd. XIL.), p. 449, 


( ser) 


its pupal period. On the thin twig on which the pupa is to be fastened the 
larva forms with its hairs, both in front and behind, half-a-dozen circlets, 
which it fixes upright round the twig in close proximity. The last hairs 
are brought close up before and behind so that they incline over the head 
and tail end of the pupa. The latter thus rests secure from the attacks of 
small non-flying foes, such as ants, &c. 

A box containing numerous bird-pecked specimens of Acrea Thalia 
was exhibited. 

The Secretary read some notes on the habits of two Australian species 
of Trigona by Mr. H. J. Hockings, and exhibited numerous specimens in 
illustration thereof. 

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’ 


Part III. of the ‘ Transactions’ for 1883 was on the table. 


September 5, 1883. 
J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e., President, in the chair. 


Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the 
respective donors. 
Election of a Member. 
Baron C. R. Osten-Sacken (Heidelberg) was balloted for and elected 
a Member of the Society. 
Exhibitions, dc. 


Mr. F’. Knock exhibited a perfectly bilateral hermaphrodite Macropis 
labiata, Panz., the antenne, face, palpi, mandibles, legs, and genitalia 


showing very characteristically ; the right side was male, the left female 
(see figure). The specimen was captured at Woking Station on August 7th 


( =e) 


last, when the species was quite plentiful at the flowers of thistles, 
Lysimachia, and Potentilla comarum. 

Sir Sidney 8. Saunders exhibited specimens of the true Cynips carice 
of Hasselquist, received from Smyrna, and made some remarks on their 
identity with Westwood’s Idarnella. Also specimens of a new species of 
Idarnella (I. aterrima) from Australia, and the larva of a Chrysopa found in 
the Smyrna figs; more than one of these larve were found in a single fig. 
Sir S. Saunders also read a note on caprification. 

Mr. G. Coverdale exhibited four specimens of Grapholitha ca@cana, 
Schlager, a Tortrix new to Britain, taken near Deal early in July amongst 
Ononis. 

Paper read. 

The Rev. H. 8S. Gorham read a “ Revision of the genera and species 
of Malacoderm Coleoptera of the Japanese Fauna; Part I. Lycide and 
Lampyride.” Eighteen species of Lycid@, nine of which were described as 
new to science, and eight of Lampyride, two of which were new, were 
included. 

A discussion on various points connected with geographical distribution, 
arising out of Mr. Gorham’s remarks, and especially as to the number of 
cases known of undifferentiated genera occurring throughout the world, 
then followed, in which Messrs. M‘Lachlan, Salvin, Stainton, Distant, Weir, 
and Gorham took part. Vanessa cardui, L., Pantala flavescens, Fabr., and 
the trimorphic forms of Nezara viridis, L., were mentioned as being of 
cosmopolitan distribution, and Danais Archippus, Fabr., was instanced as 
a species which had but lately taken to migration, being now found in 
Britain, the Azores, New Caledonia, and various oceanic islands, where it 
was previously known not to occur. 


October 3, 1883. 
R. M‘Lacutay, Esq., F.R.S., &c., Vice-President, in the chair. 


Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the 
respective donors. 

The Chairman announced that the Insect Room in the new Natural 
History Museum, South Kensington, was now open to visitors, but that the 
public galleries were not yet open. 


Election of Members. 


John Hartley Durrant, Esq. (Bancroft House, Hitchin), and George W. 
Oldfield, Esq., M.A. (48, Beaumont Street, Devonshire Place, W.), were 
balloted for and elected Members of the Society. 


( xxv.) 


Exhibitions, dc. 

Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited Ledra aurita, L., captured on an oak at 
Wimbledon ; Nabis brevipennis, Hahn, from Darenth Wood, off oak, and 
Areopus pulchellus, Curtis, captured on Scirpus lacustris, at Sheerness. 

Mr. E. P. Collett, who was present as a visitor, remarked that he had 
captured a single specimen of L. aurita at Hollington Wood, near Hastings. 

Mr. T. Wood exhibited a specimen of Malthodes, sp.? which he had 
taken at Dulwich this year. Dr.*Power considered it to be a new species, 
allied to M. atomus, Thoms., but much larger. 

Mr. W. F. Kirby, on behalf of M. Alfred Wailly who was present 
as a visitor, exhibited a large box containing numerous bred specimens 
of various silk-producing Bombycida, &c., viz.:—Samia Cecropia, Linn., 
S. Gloveri, Strick., and a hybrid between these two species, S. Promethea, 
Dru., Telea Polyphemus, Cram., and Hyperchiria Io, Fabr., all North 
American species. Also a specimen of Darapsa Myron, Cram., with its 
pupa-case, which was found in M. Wailly’s garden at Tudor Villa, Nor- 
biton, and whose presence there could not be accounted for; specimens of 
a species of Hemaris which Mr. Kirby considered to belong to H. diffinis, 
Harr., several specimens of Apatura Clyton, Boisd., with their pupa-cases, 
reared on five small trees of Celtis orientalis grown in one pot; five speci- 
mens of Attacus Cynthia, Dru., reared most successfully on the lilac and 
laburnum trees in M. Wailly’s garden; a long series of varieties of the 
Indian Antherea Paphia, Cram. (Attacus Mylitta, Dru.,), varying in colour 
from bright golden yellow to the darkest brown or grey; a pair of the giant 
Himalayan race of Attacus Atlas, Linn., measuring over ten inches in 
expanse of wings, and a male of the small Ceylon race. One extraordinary 
specimen of a Samia was very notable; on this Mr. Kirby read the following 
note :— 


Abnormal specimen of the genus Samia. 


‘This remarkable specimen, which has puzzled every entomologist who 
has seen it, was bred by M. Alfred Wailly from a cocoon received from 
some part of North America. It may be a hybrid between S. Cecropia 
and some other species; but if so it is so different from all the other 
known species that it is difficult to guess with what it could have been 
crossed. It is equally difficult to imagine that it is a new species. The 
specimen is a female, and equals the largest specimens of S. Cecropia in 
size, measuring fully 63 inches in expanse; and the wings are more 
rounded and less oblique than in Cecropia. ‘The body resembles that of 
Cecropia, except that the abdomen is banded with yellowish grey and black. 
The base of the fore wings is brown, thickly scaled with white towards the 
costa; below this is a brick-red blotch, longer and narrower than in 


( xen +) 


Cecropia. Beyond this is a white space, extending nearly from the base to 
one-third of the length of the wing on the outer margin, but curving up to 
the costa in a rather narrow stripe. This is followed by a large irregular 
black blotch, broad on the costa (where it is thickly dusted with grey), 
and the narrow end extends to beyond the middle of the wing. On this 
stands the large white kidney-shaped central spot, which is surrounded with 
red, and divided by a reddish stripe at the outer end of the black blotch; it 
extends beyond it into a broad red white-dusted band, followed by a black 
one, so very thickly dusted with yellowish grey that it appears of that colour. 
This is succeeded by a grey space, divided by a black line (much less 
indented than in Cecropia) into darker and lighter; above is a blue space ; 
in the inside is a row of rather large black spots, the uppermost and the 
4th and 5th being the largest. Hind wings white at the base, followed 
by a broad slate-coloured space, on the outer half of which stands a large 
oval white spot, slightly surrounded with red, the outer part being 
incomplete, as it rests on a white band, much broader than in Cecropia, 
followed by a broad red band, three or four times as broad as in Cecropia ; 
but followed outside by similar markings, only paler. The under surface 
differs from Cecropia chiefly in the much paler colour, and in the different 
position of the central spots.” 

M. Wailly also exhibited four living larvee of Hyperchiria Io, Fabr. 
(which sting like nettles), and two of T'elea Polyphemus, Cram., which had been 
reared on small oak and willow trees in the open air at Norbiton, Surrey. 

Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited two examples of a Zygena thought to be a 
variety of Z. meliloti, Eisp., captured by Mr. Prest near York. 

Mr. J. Jenner Weir considered that in the specimen exhibited the 
upper spot of the two central ones was rounder, and that the fringes were 
narrower than is usual in Z. trifolit, also that these specimens were larger 
than Z. meliloti, and that in this species the fore legs were generally light- 
coloured, which was not so perceptible in these specimens. 

Mr. G. T. Porritt said these specimens were taken on the same ground 
as where Z. lonicere commonly occurs, and that doubtless they were a 
form of that species; he remarked that he had bred specimens of Z. fili- 
pendule with similar semi-transparent bluish fore wings instead of green. 

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited specimens of the celery fly (Acidia heraclei, 
L.), and remarked how very destructive it had lately proved in the celery 
gardens around London. Messrs. M‘Lachlan, Stainton, and Fitch had not 
noticed its abundance this year; the former recommended a trial of Riley’s 
remedy of kerosene and milk emulsion. 

Mr. Billups also exhibited a small larva which he had found attached 
to a specimen of Proctotrypes, and which he stated had been thought to 
belong to one of the Meloidea. 

Sir Sidney Saunders exhibited numerous larvee of Meloe, which proved 


( Sei) 


to be very distinct from Mr. Billups’ specimens. Mr. Fitch thought the 
larva belonged to one of the Staphylinide. 

Dr. D. Sharp communicated a note changing the specific name of 
Batrisus spinicollis, Sharp (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 304), to 
B. armaticollis, and that of B. similis, Sharp (l.c., p. 319) to B. affinis ; 
the specific names first employed having been previously used. 


Paper read. 


Mr. W. F. Kirby read ‘Notes on the Diptera of New Zealand, 
supplementary to Prof. Hutton’s last Catalogue of 1881.” Three new 
Species are described, and some synonymy corrected, so that the number of 
species now admitted stands at 125 against 119 in Hutton’s Catalogue. 

Mr. EK. Meyrick, who had lately returned from Australia and New 
Zealand, remarked that the number of Diptera recorded from New Zealand 
was not a tenth part of that occurring there. The islands were rich in 
species, many of them being also very abundant. Lepidopterous larvee 
suffered greatly from dipterous parasites, which were far more numerous 
than Ichneumonidae. In the case of some abundant Tortricina it was 
difficult to find a larva not infested with them. 

Mr. Meyrick also called attention to a peculiarity of the New Zealand 
insect fauna. ‘The islands were composed partly of bare mountain ranges, 
partly of low-lying forest. The mountains, although very bleak and 
shelterless, had an extensive and varied fauna, fresh species of insects 
occurring on every mountain visited; the genus Crambus, for example, was 
represented by a variety of species, for which there seemed to be no special 
reason. On the other hand, the forests, which comprised a remarkable 
number of trees and shrubs apparently well suited for food, were strangely 
deficient in insects, and further, the same species occurred nearly throughout 
the islands. It appeared, in fact, that a vast number of situations suitable 
for insects were not utilised. This was the case with the Lepidoptera and 
Coleoptera, and probably with the other orders. He then remarked how 
very different a state of things appeared to exist in the Hawaiian Islands ; 
there he had seen an abundance of insect-life, quite distinct from anything 
occurring in New Zealand; for instance, within a few hours of landing he 
noticed five or six species of dragon-flies, three species of humble-bees, and 
two or three large wasps. 

Mr. F. P. Pascoe said he could quite confirm these remarks on the 
absence of insects in the forests. Hntomologically speaking, he considered 
New Zealand one of the most barren countries he had visited; he should 
like to ask Mr. Meyrick how the question of the fertilisation of red clover 
by the humble-bee now stood. 

Mr. Meyrick replied that Mr. Armstrong, of Christchurch, who had 
made observations for several years, had found that in New Zealand the 


F 


( =x) 


red clover was repeatedly visited and fertilised by the common hive-bee ; 
seeds were produced, but apparently in much smaller proportion than 
elsewhere. The red clover did not, however, maintain itself in a wild state, 
and the Acclimatisation Society proposed to introduce the humble-bee. 


November 7, 1883. 
J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &c., President, in the chair. 


Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the 
respective donors. 
Election of a Member. 


Robert Jervoise Attye, Esq. (Ingow Grange, Stratford-on-Avon), was 
balloted for and elected a Member of the Society. 


Exhibitions, dc. 

Mr. F. Enock exhibited a living male and female Atypus piceus, Sulz., 
from Woking. He remarked that although this spider was generally 
considered rare he had no difficulty in always obtaining as many specimens 
as he required. 

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited specimens of the following twenty-four 
species of aculeate Hymenoptera, captured at Margate on August Ist, 1883, 
viz.:—Lasius niger, Linu., Priocnemis obtusiventris, Schiddte, Tachytes 
pectinipes, Linn., Cemonus lethifer, Shuck., Oxybelus uniglumis, Linn., 
Odynerus parietum, Linn., Prosopis communis, Nyl., P. signata, Panz., 
Sphecodes similis, Wesm., Halictus leucozonius, Schrank, H. cylindricus, 
Fabr., H. subfasciatus, Nyl., H. villosulus, Kirby, H. nitidiusculus, Kirby, 
H. minutissimus, Kirby, H. morio, Fabr., H. leucopus, Kirby, Andrena 
bicolor, Fabr., Nomada jacobea, Panz., Megachile centuncularis, Linn., 
M. Willuyghbiella, Kirby, Anthidium manicatum, Linn., Osmia rufa, Linn., 
and Bombus sylvarum, Linn. Also the following Ichneumonide, taken at 
Sevenoaks and Headley Lane in June, 1883 :—Ichnewmon vaginatorius, 
Linn., I. confusorius, Gr., I. latrator, Fabr., and var. means, Gr., I. nigri- 
tarius, Gr., I. fabricator, Fabr., I. lanius, Gr., I. sanguinator, Rossi, Exo- 
phanes exulans, Gr., Dicelotus pumilus, Gr., D. parvulus, Gr., Centeterus 
picticollis, Wesm., Phaogenes scutellaris, Wesm., P. fulvitarsis, Wesm., 
P. ischiomelinus, Gr., Phygadeuon troglodytes, Gr., P. abdominator, Gr., 
P.jucundus, Gr., P. sp.?, Cryptus stomaticus,Gr., Hemiteles bicolorinus, Gr., 
Pezomachus Neesti, Forst., Ophion luteus, Linn., O. minutus, Kriechb., 
Agrypon flaveolatum, Gr., Paniscus virgatus, Foure., Campoplex miatus, Gr., 
C. erythrogaster, Forst., Limneria tristis, Gr., Atractodes vestalis, Hal., 


("ear ,) 


Thersilochus sp.?, Catoglyptus fuscicornis, Gmel., Tryphon consobrinus, 
Holmer., Cteniscus subnitidus, Gr., Chorineus cristator, Gr., Bassus flavo- 
maculatus, Gr., Pimpla turionella, Linn., P. flavonotata, Holmer., Meniscus 
murinus, Gr., Phytodietus corypheus, Gr., Chelonus oculator, Fabr., Gany- 
chorus diversicornis, Ns., Macrocentrus infirmus, Ns., Chasmodon apterus, 
Ns., and the sexes of Cleptes semiauratus, Linn. 

Mr. Billups further exhibited specimens of the following Hymenoptera 
bred from galls of Cynips Kollari :—Cynips Kollari, Hart., Synergus melan- 
opus, Hart., S. pallicornis, Hart., S. Reinhardi, Mayr, S. vulgaris, Hart., 
S. facialis, Hart., Crabro clavipes, Linn., Passalecus insignis, Lind., Hemi- 
teles oxyphimus, Gr., H. bicolorinus, Gr., H. areator, Panz., H. incisus, 
Bridgm., Thersilochus saltator, Fabr., T. boops, Gr., Chelonus submuticus, 
Wesm., Lygocerus ramicornis, Boh.?, Thoron fornicatus, Ns., Eurytoma 
ros@, Ns., Decatoma biguttata, Swed., Diomorus calcaratus, Ns., Syntomaspis 
caudata, Ns., S. sp.?, Callimome regius, Ns., C. auratus, Fonsc., Megastig- 
mus stigmaticans, Fabr., M. dorsalis, Fabr., Pteromalus fasciiventris, Westw., 
P. tibialis, Westw., P. spp.?, Eupelmus urozonus, Dalm., E'. Degeeri, Dalm., 
Olynx gallarum, Ns., and three or four other undetermined Chalcidide. 

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited a small locust (Phaneroptera falcata, 
Scop.), lately captured by Dr. Mason in Cornwall; also a living specimen 
of a curious dipteron—probably one of the Tachinide—which had that day 
emerged from a cocoon of Megalopye citri, Sepp, from Brazil. 

The Secretary read a note from Mr. H. W. Bates, pointing out that 
Broscosoma elegans, Bates (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 233) had been 
previously described as Miscodera Donitzi by von Harold in the Mitth. 
Minch. Ent. Verein, vol. v., p. 36. 

Sir Sidney Saunders exhibited both sexes of a Chalcidideous insect 
described by Cavolini a century ago (Milan, 1782) under the name of 
Ichneumon ficarius, parasitic on Blastophaga in the Caprificus figs of Italy ; 
the female generically coinciding with the Cynips Carice of Hasselquist, 
recently detected in such figs at Smyrna, but hitherto unknown since first 
recorded by him as taken there in April, 1750. 

As regards the traditional adage of caprification, a new element of 
mystery has been imported into the discussion of the reputed absence 
of Blastophage in the domestic figs subjected to this process—to say 
nothing of a brood being nurtured therein—; for we are assured that, when 
tempted on such occasions, these creatures are unable to deposit their ova 
in the right place (“In den Fiori di Fico stechen die Thiere in der That 
in den Griffel ein, ohne jedoch das Ei jemals an die richtige Stelle bringen 
zu konnen.”—Solms, p. 37). The cultivators, however, blindly addicted to 
local usage, take no trouble to enquire into these matters, fully persuaded 
that without the intervention of such beneficent auxiliaries they would 
assuredly lose their crops. Aristotle, indeed, ascribes some peculiar faculty 


( ssa) 


to the mouths of these insects (the so-called ‘ fermentation-theory,” 
according to Solms, p. 27), when stating that the Voy eicdvetou eis te Tov 
gundv ove nal did& oToMATHY Towel un anominteW TH égive—though a large 
proportion of these wild figs remains untenanted, retaining their hold 
without such tutelary aid. 

This theory, subsequently expatiated upon by other writers, and held 
applicable alike to the domestic figs as subject to the same laws, has 
culminated in a systematic disregard of facts in many of the fig-growing 
countries, while in some parts of the same countries and in others the practice 
is unknown. For certain varieties this treatment is dispensed with even 
at Naples (Solms, p. 25); but if in reality any such figs found favour with 
the Blastophage they would certainly be discarded by consumers as 
objectionable. Tournefort relates that the caprificated figs must be dried in 
an oven instead of in the sun, to destroy the brood, whereby their aroma is 
lost and their commercial value depreciated. But, as Count Solms remarks, 
‘the confusion between the brood of the Blastophag@ and the larve of 
moths which delight in consuming the dried figs, is apparent” (J.c., p. 26). 

The question of specific identity must await a comparison between 
corresponding broods; three generations being produced in the course of a 
year, coinciding with the three successive crops of Caprificus figs; the 
aforesaid Italian female appertaining to the third brood, emerging in 
October, whereas the Smyrna specimens were obtained from the first and 
second crops of these figs in April and July. 


Papers read. 


Mr. W. L. Distant read a “ First report on the Rhynchota collected in 
Japan by Mr. George Lewis.” The Pentatomide, Coreide, Lygeida, and 
Pyrrhocoride comprised 109 species, 33 of which are described as new. 
Mr. Distant considered that the fauna of Japan had been largely derived 
from palearctic elements, but that the number of oriental species found 
was very considerable. 

Messrs. Gorham and Elwes both considered the Japanese fauna to be 
strictly palearctic, with a tendency to the partial development of tropical or 
oriental forms in the south, owing to the climate. Mr. Elwes said this 
was specially observable in the avifauna, 71 per cent. of the birds belonging 
to palearctic genera and only 16 per cent. having oriental affinities. 

Mr. Lewis pointed out that most of the Hemiptera collected were cap- 
tured in the southern islands, and suggested this as a probable explanation 
of Mr. Distant’s conclusions. 

Mr. H. J. Elwes read some ‘‘ Further notes on the genus Colias,” 
illustrating his remarks by the exhibition of numerous series of specimens. 

Rey. H.S. Gorham said he quite sympathised with much that Mr. Elwes 
had said, remarking that the specific difficulties equally existed in the groups 


( six ) 


of Coleoptera which he had lately been studying. He maintained that 
where races and varieties were found to interbreed they should be sunk as 
species; hybrids doubtless occurred, but they were very exceptional. He 
especially referred to the Telephoride, Coccinellide, and Chrysomelide, 
stating that im the numerous unions he had witnessed he never saw or 
heard of two distinct species occurring in cop. 

With respect to this latter remark, Mr. Elwes stated that in the Vienna 
Museum there existed specimens of Aryynnis Lathonia and A. Dia which 
had been captured in cop. by Mann. 

Mr. Edward B. Poulton read some “ Notes upon or suggested by the 
colours, markings, and protective attitudes of certain Lepidopterous larve 
and pup and of a phytophagous Hymenopterous larva.” His remarks 
were illustrated by the exhibition of coloured drawings of varieties of the 
larvee of various Sphingida, &c. 

Mr. R. Meldola said that he would, in the first place, congratulate the 
Society upon having acquired a new member who had taken up a line of 
work so much neglected by English entomologists. He regretted that the 
lateness of the hour precluded the discussion of the paper with anything 
approaching the completeness that it merited. He would only say that in 
the main he agreed with most of the conclusions at which Mr. Poulton had 
arrived. With reference to the use of the remaining traces of the subdorsal 
line in the caterpillar of Smerinthus ocellatus, Mr. Meldola stated that the 
explanation offered was most ingenious, and one that he was fully prepared 
to accept. When working at this particular subject he had felt convinced 
that the residual subdorsal line which exists also in the adult larva of Sphina 
convolvuli might in some cases be of use in aiding disguise, and he had 
recorded such an instance (Cherocampa capensis, Linn.) in the English 
edition of Weismann’s ‘ Studies,’ on the authority of Mr. Roland Trimen. 
Respecting the function of the rust-coloured spots on Smerinthus larve, he 
stated that Weismann’s view, that these were the rudimentary beginnings 
of the coloured edges of the oblique stripes, was founded upon observations 
on S. tili@ in Germany, in which species the spots sometimes run together 
so as to form such a coloured edge. It unfortunately happened that the 
outogeny of species with pronounced coloured edges to the oblique stripes, 
such as Sphinx ligustri, had not been completely made out. By this means 
alone could the problem be attacked with any hope of success; and, as 
far as the present evidence went, Mr. Meldola was inclined to accept 
Mr. Cameron’s view, that these spots might assist in concealing the cater- 
pillar by representing galls or blotches on the leaves of the food-plant. 
The fact that the majority of individuals first acquire the ferruginous spots 
in the fifth stage is in favour of the view that this character is a recent one, 
and not an ancient one beivg lost. Were the latter the case the spots 
would invariably appear earlier in the ontogeny. The curious attitudes 


(meer, ) 


assumed by the Geometer larvee referred to by Mr. Poulton were instructive 
cases of the correlation of habit with protective resemblance, of which so 
many instances had already been recorded. In this connection, Mr. Meldola 
referred to the somewhat similar habit of the caterpillar of Emmelesia 
wnifasciata, which loops itself up in the seed-capsules of its food-plant 
(Bartsia) in a manner well calculated to enhance its means of concealment. 
The case of the larva of the Nematus mentioned he regarded also as one of 
typical importance, illustrating how the internal anatomy of an insect could 
be modified or controlled by natural selection for the good of the species. 
In conclusion, Mr. Meldola suggested that as the colour and pattern on 
many caterpillars was still, in a large number of cases, imperfectly under- 
stood, it might help to clear up the meaning of some of these markings if 
experimental larvee were modelled out of plaster-of-paris or some other 
materlal, and changes rung upon the colours and patterns by artistic treat- 
ment, so as to find by experiment what particular mode of ornamentation 
caused the model to assimilate more closely to, or to deviate more widely 
from, the environment. He believed that by this means many markings 
which in an isolated larva removed from its natural surroundings were 
apparently devoid of meaning, would be found to possess as decided an 
advantage as had been demonstrated by the author in the case of the 
residual subdorsal line or the apparent angularity of Notodonta ziczac. 

Mr. J. Jenner Weir also made some remarks on the many interesting 
points brought out in Mr. Poulton’s paper. 

Dr. Franz Leuthner read the description of ‘‘ Aigognathus Waterhousei, 
a new genus and species of Dorcide from Peru.” He remarked on the 
close relationship often existing between Australian and South American 
genera. Mr. Waterhouse referred to two genera of Buprestide (Stigmodera 
and Conognatha), in which this was equally noticeable. 

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse read the “ Description of a new species of Hury- 
trachelus (Dorcide)” from the Solomon Islands. 


December 5, 1883. 
R. M‘Lacutay, Esgq., F.R.S., &c., Vice-President, in the chair. 


Donations to the Library were announced, and thanks voted to the 


respective donors. 
The Chairman announced the death of Dr. J. L. Leconte, of Phila- 
delphia. He was elected an Honorary Member of the Society in 1863. 


Election of a Member. 


George Bowdler Buckton, Esq., F.R.S., &e. (Weycombe, Haslemere, 
Surrey) was balloted for and elected a Member of the Society. 


( txeey -) 


Exhibitions, dc. 


Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited some remarkable insects’ nests from Delagoa 
Bay. They varied from half an inch to an inch and quarter in length, and 
in shape from globular to ovate. They were semitransparent, yellowish, 
and the surface, under a lens, had a reticulate appearance; on one side, 
from the base to the apex was a stout suture, to which was attached a 
septum extending about two-thirds across the interior; on each side of this 
septum, but away from the suture, were placed in an erect position about 


120 cylindrical eggs. These nests had much the appearance of the dried 
pods of the “ bladder senna;” they were retained by a movable loop to the 
slender twigs of a shrub which Sir Joseph Hooker had pronounced to be a 
Rhamnus. 

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan considered that these curious bladder-like egg-cases 
belonged to one of the Mantide. 

Mr. Wood-Mason did not think they should be attributed to the 
Mantida, although possibly it might be so; he pointed out that the eggs 
were arranged in quite a different manner to those of any Mantis he had 
seen. He also suggested that the large vacant space existing between the 
egg mass and the outside of the capsule would probably be protective 
against parasitic insects. 

Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited specimens of Pachylarthrus smaragdinus, 
Curt., bred on December Ist from the pupa of Acidia heraclet, Linn.—the 
celery fly. 


( se) 


Mr. Billups also exhibited specimens of three Tenthredinide, and made 
the following remarks thereon :— 

Pacilosoma Fletcheri, Cam., taken at Chertsey, May, 1882. Of this 
species there are only two recorded captures, one by Dr. Sharp from 
Braemar, and the other by Mr. Cameron at Rannoch. 

Tenthredopsis inornata, Cam. This apparently rare species is only 
recorded as being taken once, by Mr. Bishopton, on birch, in June, at 
Rannoch. I have met with it several times: one male taken at Chertsey 
in May, 1882; one female at Headley Lane, June, this season; and two 
in my own garden at Peckham. I think it not unlikely this species is 
not so rare as Mr. Cameron imagines, but may possibly be mixed up in 
collections with some of the other yellow forms of Tenthredopsis, such as 
T. nassata, Linn., or 7’. dorsivittata, Cam., which it closely resembles. 

Tenthredo Lachlaniana, Cam. This is, I believe, the first recorded 
female taken this side of the border, and Mr. Cameron only records its 
capture twice in Scotland,—once by Dr. Sharp at Rannoch, and once by 
himself at Braemar,—although he once found a male near Gloucester. 
My specimen is from Headley Lane, May, 1883.* 

Mr. E. Saunders exhibited four specimens of Athous difformis, Lac., 
captured at Hastings this season by Mr. Collett. 

Mr. Saunders also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. G. S. Saunders, an 
apparatus for showing microscopic objects, made by Baker of Holborn. It 
had a terminal milled wheel which would turn the object laterally, and had 
a peg running through the axis of the wheel which would by pressure turn 
the object longitudinally. 

Mr. E. A. Fitch remarked that Prioenemis Pascoei, Kirby (Trans. Ent. 
Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 200; fig. Waterhouse’s ‘ Aid,’ pl. 187, fig. 7), is a 
variety of Ichneumon lotatorius, Fabr. (Ent. Syst., ii., 141). He had com- 
pared the type specimen of Mr. Kirby’s species with the type of Fabricius’ 
I. lotatarius from New Zealand, still in the Banksian cabinet, and with 
seven other specimens, also from New Zealand, in the National Collection, 
and had no doubt of their identity, although the species was somewhat 
variable. 

The Secretary read a communication from Prof. Thiselton Dyer, of the 
Royal Gardens, Kew, with reference to the supposed occurrence of Phyl- 
lowera vastatria upon vines in the colony of Victoria ; also a communication 
from the Premier’s Office, Melbourne, enclosed, and exhibited two bottles 
containing specimens of vine-roots therewith transmitted. 

Mr. L. de Nicéville communicated a ‘‘ Note on the Papilio polydecta of 
Cramer,” having reference to the correct identification of Cramer’s species. 
He pointed out that Mycalesis polydecta, Butler (Ann. Mag., Nat. Hist. (3), 


* [There is a specimen from Munich in the British Museum.—W. F, K.] 


( xxxvn ) 


xx., 402), and the varieties of M. polydecta, as identified by Mr. Moore (see 
Butt. of India, p. 119), are but local varieties of M. mineus, Linn., as 
pointed out by Mr. Distant in ‘ Rhopalocera Malayana,’ p. 51. 


Papers read. 

Mr. W. H. Miskin communicated “ Descriptions of new Australian 
Rhopalocera,” comprising a Delias, an Atella, a Hypochrysops, a Pseudo- 
dipsas, and a Deudoriv. Also a “ Note on Tachyris melania of Fabricius,” 
holding that 7. Clementina, Felder, is the male of Fabricius’ species, whose 
type is a female. Mr. Miskin possessed specimens of the sexes, captured 
together at Cape York. 

Mr. EK. Meyrick read a memoir ‘On the classification of Australian 
Pyralidina.” The families H'pipaschiade and Pyralidide were divided into 
fifteen genera, including twenty-four species; two of the genera (Aglossa 
and Asopia) were supposed to be introduced from Kurope, and nine others 
to be endemic. Mr. Meyrick supposed that A. cuprealis, Hiib., had been 
introduced from Europe with wheat, in the same way that Sitotroga 
cerealella, Oliv., had been introduced from America with maize. In reply 
to the Chairman, who stated that he had only taken A. cuprealis at sugar 
on oak-trunks, Mr. Meyrick said that he had not bred A. cuprealis. 

Mr. G. T. Porritt remarked that he had larve of this species now 
feeding on stable refuse, straw, &c., and that they had continued feeding 
for the last eighteen months, as had some in Mr. Buckler’s possession. 

Mr. E. A. Fitch said he had taken A. cuprealis in numbers on the 
inside walls of a thatched stable in Suffolk. 


New Part of ‘ Transactions.’ 
Part IV. of the ‘Transactions’ for 1883 was on the table. 


ANNUAL MEETING, 
January 16, 1884. 


J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &c., President, in the chair. 


An abstract of the Treasurer’s accounts for 1883 was read by Mr. J. 
Jenner Weir, one of the Auditors. 
The Secretary read the following :— 


Report OF THE CouNnciIL FoR 18838. 


In accordance with the Bye-Laws, the Council begs to present the 
following Report :— 
During the year 1883 the Society has elected seventeen new Members 
. G 


( Sexy 4) 


and one Subscriber; it has lost four Members by death (Messrs. B. Cooke, 
W. A. Forbes, P. H. Harper, and E. Sheppard), and three by resignation. 

To the regret of all entomologists, two names which have long graced 
our list of Honorary Members must be erased. Professor P. C. Zeller, 
who was elected an Honorary Member as long ago as 7th May, 1849, died 
suddenly at his resideuce near Stettin on March 27th last, and Dr. John L. 
Leconte, elected an Honorary Member on April 6th, 1863, died at Phila- 
delphia on November 15th. ‘To fill the vacancies thus created two names 
will be submitted to you at an early meeting. 

‘he way in which the proposal that Professor Westwood should be made 
Honorary President for life was received is known to you all. This act 
formed a fitting celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of our foundation. 

The Transactions for the year (exclusive of the Proceedings) form 
a volume of 448 pages, containing twenty-two memoirs contributed by 
eighteen authors; they are illustrated with twenty-one plates, two of which 
are coloured. The members have to thank Mr. Lewis for presenting the 
map and two plates (xiii. and xiv.) which appeared in part iii., and the 
Rev. H. 8. Gorham for defraying the cost of colouring plate xvii. 

The fifty-six pages of Proceedings contain many interesting records, 
but it is still to be regretted that the Members generally do uot more 
frequently bring exhibitions to the meetings, both to give and often to 
receive information. It is likely that the commodious and handsome 
new meeting-room will attract a larger attendance; this has already been 
visible during the latter part of the past year, and it is to be hoped that 
Members will individually endeavour to make the monthly meetings more 
interesting to everyone. 

The following is an abstract of the Treasurer’s accounts :— 


RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS. 
Balance in hand - . - £1, Rent, Office, and aii £118 
Contributions of Members - 260 Expenses - : 
Sale of Publications - - 103 Publications - - - 256 
Interest on Consols : - 9 | Library - - - : : he 
Donations . - = o 60 
£438 £429 


It thus again happens that owing to the amount received in 
donations the payments are covered by the receipts, leaving a small 
balance in hand. 

The Library has been increased during the year by the usual serials 
and a few other purchases, and by many donations from members and 
others ; a special vote of thanks has been accorded to our President for his 
munificent gift of a complete set of the Annals and Magazine of Natural 


C (eee) *) 


History as far as published, to Vol. XII. of the 5th Series; in all ninety- 
two volumes. 

The Library has been more frequently consulted, and more volumes 
have been borrowed than could have been expected, considering the incon- 
veniences occasioned by the alterations and the inaccessibility of many of 
the books. 

The Bye-Laws have been revised to the following effect :—that no 
more Annual Subscribers or Corresponding Members shall be elected ; 
that every contributing Member upon payment of the subscription shall 
be entitled to the volume of the Transactions for the year as published ; 
and that no Member shall be elected into the Council or as an officer 
unless previously nominated. 

We have changed our rooms, but not their locality. The Medical 
Society have greatly enlarged and partially rebuilt their premises, and in 
the general improvements made we have participated; our new Library is 
a larger, better-lighted, and more convenient room than previously, and the 
new meeting-room must have been very favourably compared with the old 
by us all. As last year, the special thanks of the Society are again due to 
Mr. Grut and Mr. Poole for discharging the extra labours cast upon them 
by the removal and in the re-arrangement of the new rooms. These 
alterations have necessitated the purchase of new cupboards to contain our 
large stock of Transactions, but the annual charges on the Society will be 
the same as heretofore. Three Life-compositions received during the year 
have been expended upon the Library. 

To give Members an opportunity of becoming better acquainted with 
the earlier volumes of our Transactions, and with a view to reduce our 
stock, the Council has thought well to reduce the price to Members of the 
volumes published previously to 1878, the first series (of which only a few 
copies of the first four volumes remain in stock) excepted. It is hoped that 
advantage will be taken of this reduction. 

The work done by the Society in the fiftieth year of its existence com- 
pares favourably with that of any other, and it is to be hoped that present 
members will use their best efforts to support the Society, to secure 
additions to our Library, to the list of Members, and to the general fund of 
entomological knowledge, that all may participate in the good work done. 


11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, 
16th January, 1884. 

No Members having been proposed other than those recommended by 
the Council, the following were declared to be the Members of Council for 
1884 :—T. R. Billups, J. W. Dunning, E. A. Fitch, F’. Grut, W. F. Kirby, 
G. Lewis, R. M‘Lachlan, J. W. May, R. Meldola, F'. P. Pascoe, E. Saunders, 
Sir 8. S. Saunders, J. W. Slater. 


(2a) 


The following officers were declared to be re-elected :—President, J. W. 
Dunning, M.A., F.L.S., &.; Treasurer, EK. Saunders, F.L.S. ; Secretaries, 
EK. A. Fitch, F.L.S., and W. F. Kirby; Librarian, F. Grut, F.L.S. 

The President then delivered an address, at the conclusion of which 
Mr. H. T. Stainton proposed a cordial vote of thanks to Mr. Dunning for 
his services as President during the year, and requested that he would 
allow his address to be printed with the ‘ Proceedings.’ The proposal was 
seconded by the Rev. H. 8. Gorham, and carried unanimously. 

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan proposed a vote of thanks to the Secretaries, 
Librarian, and Treasurer, which was seconded by Mr. J. W. Slater, and 
carried unanimously. 

Messrs. Saunders, Fitch, and Grut made some remarks in acknow- 


ledgment. 


ABSTRACT OF RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS FOR. 1883. 


Receipts. Payments. 
Cesar. G84: 
To Balance, 1 Jan. 1883 - 0418 9{By Rent, Salary of Sub- 
Subscriptions, 1883 - > yeti 0 Librarian, and Office} 160 10 6 
Arrears” - - : er aLROIAR FO Expenses z - 
Admission Fees : Spe) 1 SiO Printing, ve. - ; -179 2 7 
Gegeckidioss -’. ] etre Colouring, Plates, &e. = 1.76; ileae 
Steisanions’ - : 102 15 Books, Binding, &e. = 13 fA a6 
Donations - - > HGOMRa0 
Dividend on £313 4s. 8d.- 9 2 10 Balance = Z =~ J St9) a9 
£433 8 6 £433 8 6 


avAB Tb DE Bis. 


(None.) 
ASSETS. 
£8. d 
Balance” - - - - - 319 9 
Subscriptions due, considered good - =. 6, 6ea@ 
Consols, £313 4s. 8d. - . - - (cost) 293 4 O 


£303, 9 9 


J. JENNER WEIR. 
J. W. SLATER. 

R. M‘LacHian. 
Gero. C. CHAMPION. 


Audited and found correct. 


January Ith, 1884. 


THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. 


GENTLEMEN, 


Our Jubilee has come and gone, and if we have not made the . 
trumpet of the jubilee to sound throughout all the land, it is 
because, in disregarding the ancient command, “ Ye shall not 
sow, neither reap, nor gather the grapes in it,’’ we recognise a 
more perfect way of hallowing the fiftieth year, by quietly 
continuing our labours. There is no sabbatical year for Science; 
no year of rest for its votaries. 

The full Report of the Council renders it unnecessary for me 
to refer to many of our internal affairs. The recent building 
alterations necessarily caused inconvenience during their pro- 
gress, but the result has been to give us the use of this admirable 
Meeting Room, whilst our Library accommodation has been both 
increased and improved. The removal and re-arrangement of 
the Library have thrown much additional work upon the 
Librarian’s shoulders; and as the mouthpiece of the Society I 
beg to offer our hearty thanks to Mr. Grut for his invaluable 
services. But that I know there is no limit to the labour he is 
willing to undertake, or the time he places at our disposal, I 
should hesitate to remind you that the next thing to be done is, 
to compile a new Catalogue of the Library, and then to print it. 


We have lost, by death, six of our colleagues :— 


Bengamin Cooks, a well-known Lancashire entomologist, was 
born the 16th September, 1816, and died suddenly at Southport 
on the 4th February, 1883. He was for several years President 
of the Northern Entomological Society, afterwards Vice-President 
of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society, and for 
the last eighteen years he had been one of our Members, though 
I cannot recall an instance of his having attended any of our 
meetings. His published writings are few; too few, for he was 


( xiii ) 


a careful observer, and full of information. His best known 
paper, on the Classification of Insects, was printed in ‘ The 
Zoologist’ for 1858 (see pp. 5951, 6079); he returned to the 
subject in 1882, in a paper read before the Lancashire and 
Cheshire Society ; and in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the same body he 
had recently published a Catalogue of the Hymenoptera and 
Diptera of those counties. 

Witiiam ALEXANDER Forses was born at Cheltenham on the 
24th June, 1855; after going through the usual course at 
Winchester, and studying for a time in Germany and in 
Edinburgh, he went to Cambridge, took a first class in the 
Natural Sciences Tripos, obtaining special distinction in Zoology 
and Comparative Anatomy, and was elected to a Fellowship at 
St. John’s College. Shortly afterwards he was appointed Pro- 
sector to the Zoological Society of London, and from that time 
his attention was diverted from Entomology to Comparative 
Anatomy, particularly of birds. In 1880 and 1881 he visited 
South and North America; and in July, 1882, he left England 
for a scientific journey into Africa, but died from dysentery at. 
Shonga, on the Niger, on the 14th January, 1883. His early 
death is a great loss to zoological science, to which he had 
already made important contributions, and his scientific papers 
will shortly be published in the form of a memorial volume 
under the auspices of a Committee of the Zoological Club. 

Puinre Henry Harper, F.R.C.S8., died at his residence in 
Cambridge Street, Hyde Park, on the 29th November, 1883, at 
the age of sixty-one years. He had been a member of our 
Society for nearly twenty years, though he seldom attended our 
meetings. He was an ardent collector of British Lepidoptera, 
and his cabinet was rich in varieties and aberrant forms. I am 
not aware that he ever published anything entomological. 

Epwarp SHEPPARD died at his residence in Durham Villas, 
Kensington, on the 8th September, 1883, in his sixty-eighth 
year; he had only two months before retired from the office of 
Collector of Customs for the Port of London. Formerly he 
studied Coleoptera, especially the Chrysomelide and LHrotylide ; 
and though of late years his entomological ardour relaxed, his 
presence at our gatherings, commencing in 1852, was continued 
to the last. His geniality and kindly disposition will long be 
remembered amongst us. 


( ami ;) 


Jonn Lawrence Leconte was born in New York on the 13th 
May, 1825,* his father (himself an entomologist) being a Major 
in the Army of the United States. He was educated at St. Mary’s 
College, Maryland, and in 1846 passed the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons in New York. In 1852 the family removed to 
Philadelphia. During the Civil War he entered the Army 
Medical Corps as Surgeon of Volunteers, and was promoted to 
the grade of Medical Inspector with the rank of Lieutenant- 
Colonel, in which capacity he served until after the close of the 
war in 1865. Latterly he held an appointment in the Mint at 
Philadelphia. In 1868 he was elected an Honorary Member of 
this Society. He was President of the American Association for 
the Advancement of Science in 1874, and at the time of his 
death he was President of the American Entomological Society. 
Some few years ago (1869—72) Dr. Leconte paid a long visit to 
Europe, and was well known to most of our leading Coleopterists. 
His earliest papers date from 1844, and in his time he charac- 
terised some 500 genera and 5000 species of North American 
Coleoptera; but he was not a mere species-maker or describer, 
it was as a writer on the classification of the Order that he 
won his fame. His published papers, nearly two hundred in 
number, and nearly all on American Coleoptera, are scattered 
over the publications of the Natural History Societies of Phila- 
delphia, Boston, and New York, the American Association for 
the Advancement of Science, the American Philosophical Society, 
the Smithsonian Institution, the Transactions of the American 
Entomological Society, and the Canadian Entomologist. <A few 
notes of his will be found in our own ‘Annals and Magazine of 
Natural History’; and a paper ‘“‘On Platypsyllide, a new Family 
of Coleoptera” appeared in the Proceedings of the Zoological 
Society of London for 1872 (p. 799). In 1859 he edited the 
entomological works of Thomas Say; and but a few months 
before his death, in conjunction with Dr. Horn, he published a 
‘Classification of the Coleoptera of North America,’ being an 
amplification and completion of the work originally produced in 
1861—2, and which may be taken to exhibit the mature views of 


* This date is said to be doubtful. Dr. Sharp states (Ent. Mo. Mag. xx. 
192) that Leconte at his death was about sixty-six years of age. But Dr. 
Horn gives the date as above (‘Science,’ ii. 783). 


(* iv.) 


Leconte, the results of his forty years’ study of that group. He 
was emphatically the authority on American Coleoptera; and 
his death, which occurred on the 15th November, 1883, leaves a 
blank which his countrymen will find it difficult to fill. His 
collection will have a fitting resting-place in the Museum at 
Cambridge, Massachusetts. 

Puinrpp CuristopH ZELLER was born at Steinheim-on-the- 
Murr, in Wurtemberg, on the 9th April, 1808, but in his infancy 
he was taken to Frankfort-on-the-Oder, where in very early 
youth he appears to have acquired a love for Lepidoptera; at 
the age of fifteen he began to keep a lepidopterological journal, 
but it was not until he went to the University of Berlin that he 
had any instruction in Natural History. Having graduated at 
Berlin, he returned to Frankfort-on-the-Oder in 1830, and began 
to devote his leisure to Botany and Entomology, his chief 
attention being at this time given to Coleoptera and Diptera, to 
the writers on which Orders, and especially to the dipterologist 
Meigen, Zeller was wont to attribute any benefit which he derived 
from the study of other entomological authors. But in 1833 he 
made the acquaintance of Fischer von Réslerstamm, and resumed 
the Lepidoptera as his favourite group. Having married, and 
adopted tuition as his profession, we find him in 1835 Oberlehrer 
at the Town School of Gross-Glogau, in Silesia, and in 1852 his 
educational services were specially recognised by the King of 
Prussia conferring upon him the title of Professor; in 1860 he 
removed to Meseritz, in Posen, where he continued his professorial 
duties until 1866, when he retired on a government pension; 
from 1869 till his death he lived near Stettin, and died suddenly 
at Grunhof on the 27th March, 1883. His collection has been 
purchased by Lord Walsingham. 

The editor of Oken’s ‘Isis’ had offered a prize for the best essay 
on the determination of the Lepidoptera mentioned in Réaumur’s 
‘Mémoires’; and the prize was awarded to Zeller, whose “‘Kritische 
Bestimmung der in Réaumur’s Memoiren vorkommenden Lepi- 
dopteren”’ was published in the ‘Isis’ for 1838; and in the volume 
of the same work for the following year appeared the ‘‘ Versuch 
einer naturgemissen Hintheilung der Schaben,”’ which by its 
masterly treatment of the Crambina and Tineina at once stamped 
its author as a man of mark. His contributions to the ‘Isis’ con- 
tinued until the cessation of that publication in the troublous days 


( ae) 


of 1848. In the meantime the Entomological Society of Stettin 
had been founded, and from 1840 onwards Zeller was a constant 
writer in the ‘ Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung’; in 1846 the 
same society commenced the publication of the ‘ Linnea Ento- 
mologica,’ and the first volume of this contained the monographs 
of Lithocolletis and Eudorea, which may be said to have introduced 
Zeller to the knowledge of English entomologists. (How well 
I remember that, at the suggestion of Mr. Stainton, my 
immediate predecessor in this chair, I procured the volume ; 
and how well I recollect that—a schoolboy at the time, and with 
the kindly aid of Mr. Peter Inchbald, happily still one of our 
Life Members—I received out of the ‘ Linnea’ my first lessons 
alike in German and in Micro-Lepidopterology! From that day 
to this I have had an affection for Lithocolletis that I never had 
for any other genus. But pardon this digression!) The suc- 
cessive volumes of the ‘Linnza’ down to 1855 contained other 
memoirs from Zeller’s pen, the last being an elaborate treatise 
on the genus Butalis. In the same year was commenced the 
quadrilingual ‘Natural History of the Tineina’ (13 vols., 
1855—73), the German and Latin letterpress of which were 
translated by Zeller from the English, and no one more readily 
than Mr. Stainton will acknowledge the value of his collaboration. 
In 1868 he wrote the Monograph of the Chilonide and Crambide; 
and in 1867 appeared two short papers, one on the Crambina, 
Pterophorina and Alucitina collected in Palestine, and the other 
on the Choreutide and Crambina collected in Egypt, by the Rev. 
O. P. Cambridge, being the only papers of Zeller’s which were 
published in our own Transactions (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
8rd series, vol. v., pp. 453, 461). In 1872, 1878, and 1875 the 
‘“‘Beitrige zur Kenntniss der nordamericanischen Nachtfalter, 
besonders der Microlepidopteren”’ appeared in the Verhand- 
lungen der k.-k. zool.-botan. Gesellschaft in Wien; and in 1877 
and 1881 some valuable papers on Exotic Micro-Lepidoptera 
were published in the Hore Soc. Entom. Rossice. Meanwhile 
his contributions to the Stettin Zeitung continued uniniter- 
ruptedly, the duties of Librarian to the Stettin Society were 
congenial to his tastes, and his very last act was to correct a 
proof-sheet of the Zeitung: the ink was scarcely dry when he 
was found dead on his study floor. 

Thus died in harness one whose long and peaceful but active 

H 


( ah ) 


life was wholly given to science. He was chosen an Honorary 
Member of our body in 1849; three years later he came to 
England, and, though he never repeated the visit, his name has 
been a household word, and he was, as it were, a living presence 
amongst us. He published a few papers on Diptera between 
1840 and 1847, but it is as a lepidopterist that his fame will live. 
‘Prof. Zeller is the father of the present race of Micro- 
lepidopterists ; Micro-Lepidopterology as now pursued may be 
said to date from the appearance in the ‘Isis’ of 1839 of the 
Attempt at a natural arrangement of the smaller moths.” Thus 
was it written a quarter of a century ago; now that he has gone, 
the encomium may be repeated, and we can speak of him with 
greater warmth than was permissible of a living author. 
Venerable in appearance, courteous, gentle and charitable, 
tolerant of the views and indulgent to the failings of others, 
learned yet no pedant, an enthusiast in his favourite pursuit, as 
every man ought to be, he was devoted to science for science’ 
sake. Careful and discriminating in his observations, accurate, 
lucid and precise in his language and descriptions, his writings 
are models for imitation. He was emphatically a professor and 
a naturalist, a typical German, of the best Teutonic type. If 
he was old-fashioned in his views, it must be remembered that 
he belonged to an ante-Darwinian age; it was his misfortune, 
rather than his fault, that he was born too soon for the modern 
biological theories, or for the full appreciation of what, in the 
words of the poet-peer, may be called ‘‘ the fairy tales of Science 
and the long results of Time.’”’ But when all is said, we have lost 
in Zeller a gentleman and a scholar, who well earned the dis- 
tinction of a Past Grand Master of Entomology. 

There are now two vacancies in our Honorary List. And I 
invite the suggestion of names worthy to replace those of the 
American coleopterist and the German lepidopterist, whose name 
and fame will live, but to whom as colleagues nothing remains 
for us but to say Farewell. 


Extending our gaze beyond the narrow circle of ourselves, we 
have also to regret the death of the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe, so 
well known for his intimate acquaintance with the British 
Eupithecie ; of Wiuu1am Bucxumr, the artistic delineator of the 
larve and writer of life-histories of so many of our indigenous 


( xiv) 


Lepidoptera ;* of Vincent T. Campers, the American lepi- 
dopterist ; of Prof. Townenp Guover, Entomologist of the 
Department of Agriculture at Washington; of Oberforstmeister 
TiscuBE, the German hymenopterist; of Gustav Fior, Professor 
of Zoology at Dorpat, and author of the ‘Rhynchoten Livlands’ 
(1860—61); of Oswaup Herr, Professor of Natural History at Zi- 
rich, author of the ‘Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica’ (1838—42), 
and numerous papers on fossil insects; of Dr. Wiuartm Carn 
Hartwie Perers, Director of the Zoological Museum at Berlin, 
author of the ‘ Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique ’ 
(vol. 2, Insecta and Myriopoda, 1862); and of Dr. Hermann 
Muxurr, of Lippstadt, whose investigations on the fertilization 
of flowers by insect-agency opened a new field and presented new 
charms to entomologists. Originally published at Leipsic in 1878, 
‘Die Befruchtung der Blumen durch Insekten und die gegenseitigen 
Anpassungen beider; ein Beitrag zur Erkenntniss des ursiichlichen 
Zusammenhanges in der organischen Natur’ has recently appeared 
in English, prefaced by one of Charles Darwin’s latest writings :— 

“‘ Any young observer who, after reading the whole or part of 
the present work, will look, for instance, at the flower of a Salvia, 
or of some papilionaceous or fumariaceous plant, or at one of our 
common Orchids, will be delighted at the perfection of the 
adaptations by which insects are forced, unconsciously on their 
part, to carry pollen from the stamens of one plant to the stigma 
of another. Design in Nature has for a long time deeply inte- 
rested many men, and though the subject must now be looked at 
from a somewhat different point of view to what was formerly 
the case, it is not thus rendered the less interesting.” And then 
he goes on to indicate how much there is yet to be added to the 
work already done, fresh work which ‘‘will occur in abundance 
to any young and ardent observer who will study Miuller’s volume | 
and then observe for himself, giving full play to his imagination, 
but rigidly checking it by testing each notion experimentally. If 
he will act in this manner, he will, if I may judge from my own 
experience, receive so much pleasure from his work that he will 


* Mr. Buckler died on the 9th January, 1884, at the age of sixty-nine 
years; a description by him of the larva of Apamea fibrosa appeared in the 
January number of the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’ (vol. xx., p.176). 
He leaves behind him a long series of drawings of larve, &c., which are 
simply magnificent and unrivalled, 


(( xvii) 


ever afterwards feel grateful to both the author and translator of 
the ‘ Befruchtung der Blumen.’ ”’ 

His death, after three days’ illness and at a comparatively 
early age, has been a sad loss to his family; and a Committee 
has been formed, including some of the best known biologists of 
Germany, to raise a fund the annual proceeds of which will be 
given to his widow for life, and on her death shall form a prize 
fund, to bear Hermann Miller’s name, in connexion with the 
Public School of Lippstadt. 


Of the eighteen authors who have written the twenty-two 
memoirs of varied interest which constitute our annual volume 
of ‘Transactions,’ I am glad to say that four are new con- 
tributors. The papers are distributed amongst the Orders of 
insects as follows :—nine on Coleoptera, eight on Hymenoptera, 
four on Lepidoptera, and one on Hemiptera. Three only relate 
to British Entomology, and all these to the Hymenoptera. The 
splendid collections brought home by Mr. George Lewis have 
given an impetus to the study of the insect fauna of Japan; and 
the papers of Messrs. Bates, Sharp, Lewis, and Gorham on the 
Coleoptera, and of Mr. Distant on the Rhynchota, make Japanese 
Entomology one of the leading features of our volume for 1883. 

In addition to this, the Proceedings of the Zoological Society 
and the Journal of the Linnean Society contain nearly a score 
of entomological papers, most of which are by members of this 
Society, whilst our colleague Mr. P. H. Gosse has monopolised 
a whole part of the Linnean Transactions with his memoir 
‘On the clasping-organs ancillary to generation in certain 
groups of the Lepidoptera.” The author describes and figures 
in detail the armature of sixty-nine species of Ornithoptera and 
Papilio; and in a note at the end he adds, that at the time of 
going to press he had in MS. descriptions with drawings of the 
venitalia of fifty-six additional species belonging to the genera 
Ornithoptera, Papilio, Teinopalpus, Sericinus, and Leptocircus. 

‘Nothing (says Mr. Gosse) unless it be the exquisite beauty 
of the workmanship, is so astounding as the variety in form and 
detail presented by these hidden instruments. Out of the 
number that I have examined, I have not found any two species 
whose apparatus is alike, or even so nearly alike that a moment’s 
observation is not sufficient to show the difference.” ....... 


( ixhe ) 


“It might seem that*by the aid of organs so uniformly present, 
so easily examined, and so varied in different species while 
constant in the same, great facilities must be afforded for 
the determination of specific identity and limitation. Yet, in 
practice, I fear this cannot be carried out, without severing 
species which otherwise seem most closely allied, and linking 
others which have little else in common. Look, for instance, 
at the three African species, Papilio Bromius, P. Nireus, and 
P. Phorcas; how consimilar are these in their forms, colours, 
and markings! yet how diverse in their whole prehensile 
apparatus! The shape of the valve, its fringing; the shape of 
the harpe, its armature; the uncus; the teeth of the scaphium ; 
and finally the penis ;—all these differ signally in one from their 
conditions in the others. The like terms might be employed 
concerning P. Demoleus and P. Hrithonius.” 

“Tf it be asked, What is the definite purpose, in the economy 
of the creature, of this extreme variation? I am obliged to 
answer, I do not know. ‘That, viewed in the large, the object 
of all these organs that crowd around the termination of the 
male abdomen is the firm grasp and sustained retention of 
the female abdomen, in the delicate and most essentially im- 
portant function of reproduction, is sufficiently evident. But 
why the diversity of detail? Why would not one good and 
adequate form suffice, again, and again, and again, subject to no 
more variation than are the antenne, for example, or the tarsi? 
It naturally occurred to me, very early in these researches, that 
every peculiarity in the prehensile organs of the male would 
have a corresponding peculiarity in that part of the female body 
which they were formed to grasp: and I eagerly turned to the 
examination of the female abdomen. But the repeated search 
left, and still leaves, my question—cui bono ?—without an 
answer.” 

The question may be asked, says Mr. Gosse, ‘‘ What homology 
(or analogy ?) exists between the organs herein described by me 
and those of the Trichoptera described by Mr. M‘Lachlan. I have 
examined every figure in his great work, and confess that I know 
not how to institute any satisfactory comparison with those parts 
in Papilio. It is just possible that the ‘dorsal process,’ in such 
forms as Rhyacophila, may be equivalent to my ‘uncus’; but of 
‘scaphium’ I see not a trace. Possibly, too, the ‘inferior 


ee 


appendages,’ so largely developed in the same genus, may 
represent the ‘valves’; but the resemblance is most evanescent. 
The penis seems formed on a plan wholly different.” 

A propos of the question, whether Acentropus belongs to the 
Lepidoptera or the Trichoptera, it is interesting to me to find 
_that, referring to Mr. M‘Lachlan’s paper ‘‘On the external sexual 
apparatus of the males of the genus Acentropus” (Trans. Ent. 
Soc. Lond., 1872, p.157), Mr. Gosse says, ‘‘ Looking at his figures, 
I should have been inclined to say, if I had not been told, that 
they represented the parts of some Papilio or Pieris.” 

The memoir closes with these words—‘‘ Entomologists could 
scarcely render me a kinder or more grateful service than by 
sending me examples of male Papiliones, however torn in the 
wings, or even the separated abdomens if duly authenticated, of 
which they may possess worthless duplicates.’’ I quote this in 
the hope that some of my hearers may be able to render this 
kind and grateful service to our distinguised colleague, and 
thereby aid him in the completion of the task upon which he 
has entered with such enthusiasm. 

But Mr. Gosse is not the only one of our members who has 
monopolised a part of the Linnean Transactions; a whole 
volume is to be devoted to the Rev. Mr. Katon’s ‘ Revisional 
Monograph of recent Ephemeride or Mayflies,” the first portion 
of which, with twenty-four plates of details, appeared as the year 
expired. Thirteen years have elapsed since Mr. Katon’s former 
“Monograph on the Ephemeride” was published (Trans. Ent. Soc. 
Lond., 1871, p. 1), and though many points in the classification 
which were formerly doubtful have now been elucidated, the 
additional knowledge gained since 1871 has not necessitated any 
material departure from the sequence of the genera, or disturbed 
the scheme as a whole. The memoir when complete will eclipse 
all that has been hitherto written on this group, and form a clear 
resting-place in the history of the Mayflies, behind which few 
will care or need to grope. 

Entomologists owe a fresh debt of gratitude to the Ray 
Society for the publication of Mr. Buckton’s ‘‘ Monograph of the 
British Aphides,” with its 144 plates, all drawn and lithographed 
by the author himself, the fourth and concluding volume of 
which appeared in 1888. Dividing the Aphidide into six tribes, 
containing thirty genera, the author has described and figured 


con} 


182 species ; the volume now under consideration including part 
of the Pemphigine, the Chermesine, and the Rhizobiine. There 
is also a chapter on Aphides in their economical relations to 
Ants; elaborate treatises on the reproduction of Aphides, and on 
their biology and morphology; notes on the antiquity of the 
Hemiptera, particularly with regard to Aphides as represented in 
the sedimentary rocks and in amber ; observations on the natural 
and artificial checks to the increase of the creatures, on the 
mounting of specimens for the microscope and preservation for 
the museum; and lastly a bibliographical list of authors who 
have treated of the life-history or anatomy of the group. 

According to M. Lichtenstein, the evolution of plant-lice is 
entirely different from the common metamorphosis of other 
insects, and may be compared to the growth ofa plant. The 
egg does not produce a male or female insect, but an agamous 
form, which by a sort of budding process reproduces numbers of 
individuals which are able to continue this budding reproduction 
for a more or less prolonged period, until there arrives a time at 
which the produce of these gemmations no longer consists of 
agamic, but of sexuate insects, male and female, which last lays 
the fecundated egg and gives origin to a new series of beings. 
M. Lichtenstein proposes for the agamous.forms the name of 
Pseudogyna; and considering them to be only transitory or 
larval forms, he calls the four stages preceding the appearance 
of the sexed insects pseudogyna fundatrix, migrans, gemmans, and 
pupifera—fundatrix, the foundress of the colony, the first form 
issuing from the fecundated egg, the form which generally causes 
the galls in those species which produce galls; migrans, the 
second or winged form which flies away from its birthplace ; 
gemmans, the third form of budding reproduction, without access 
of the male; and pupifera, the fourth form, which produces the 
sexed insects. 

M. Lichtenstein’s terms are not happily chosen ; it is startling 
enough to talk of the winged migrant form as a larva, but it is 
confusing, or worse, to speak of another form of pseudogyne as 
carrying a pupa inside her, and describe her as laying pupa, 
not eggs. Yet this is M. Lichtenstein’s view; for he avows 
that by the word ‘‘pupifera” he wished to establish that it is not 
an egg, but a true pupa or chrysalis, that is produced by his 
fourth form—a view which is controverted by Balbiani, Riley, 


( ie) 


and Buckton alike. I regret that Mr. Buckton has adopted 
M. Lichtenstein’s names at all, even though he has been careful 
to explain that where he has used the words ‘“‘ emigrant” and 
‘“‘nupifer”’ he has done so simply for the purpose of distinguishing 
the first alate brood, which wanders from one tree to another of 
the same kind, from the second alate brood, which generally 
produces the true sexes. Of the sexuate forms, the females 
seem always to be apterous, whilst the males occur with or 
without wings, even in the same species. 

Amongst the tribe Chermesine, Mr. Buckton retains Phyl- 
loxera,* a genus founded by Boyer de Fonscolombe for the 
reception of Aphis quercus, a species indigenous to Britain, and 
now notorious by reason of the devastation committed by the 
vine-pest P. vastatrix, which is included in the monograph as 
having become naturalised in this country. MM. Lichtenstein 
and Targioni-Tozzetti, however, propose to sever this group, 
not only from the Chermesine, but from the Aphidide altogether ; 
and it seems probable that future systematists will give the 
Phylloxeride familiar rank. They are distinguished from all 
Aphides by their three-jointed antenne; and not the least re- 
markable of their peculiarities in the existence of aérial and sub- 
terranean habits (the gallicola and radicicola of Riley) combined 
in the same individual. 

According to M. Lichtenstein, who has supplied Mr. Buckton 
with an interesting ‘‘Summary on the genus Phylloxera,” the 
eycle of life in P. vastatrix is as follows :— 


There is but one generation in the year, thus— 


1. The egg, deposited under the bark of the vine, in the 
autumn. 

2. The pseudogyna fundatrix, forming galls on the leaves, in 
May and June.t 


* The popular pronunciation Phylloxera is wrong: of course it should 
be Phylloxera, the penultimate being long. 

+ This gall-making form is the Peritymbia of Westwood, though Mr. 
Buckton (Monog. Aphid. iv. 54) states that Prof. Westwood was only 
acquainted with the root-living state; a mistake which is corrected by 
M. Lichtenstein (7b. 69). Prof. Westwood’s communication to the Ashmolean 
Society of Oxford, which was accompanied by highly magnified drawings of 
the leaf-insect, was never published by that Society; but the substance of it 
will be found in the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle’ for 1869: see pp. 109, 689. 


¢ ann ~) 


3. The pseudogyna migrans, issuing from the galls and 
descending to the roots, in July. 

4. The pseudogyna gemmans, feeding on the large roots, in 
August. 

5. The pseudogyna pupifera, feeding on the small roots where 
they form blebs or swellings. These insects pass into 
nymphs, then issue from the soil and on the surface 
develop wings, in September. They fly to the vines, 
to deposit their eggs (pseudova, or, as Lichtenstein would 
say, pupas) under the leaves or in the fissures of the 
bark. 

6. From these the sexed forms appear. After union, the 
female goes under the bark, where she lays a single 
egg, and dies in October. 


Kach of the four pseudogynous or agamous stages is separated 
from the following one by an egg-like quiescent state, so that the 
pseudogynes, which in other Aphides are viviparous, are in the 
Phylloxeridé oviparous. 

The first stages of P. vastatrix are all wingless, the so-called 
pupifer only being winged. This last form alone produces the 
males and females, which are exceedingly small and absolutely 
mouthless, living only for reproduction, the female laying her 
ege about the fourth day after she is hatched. The foundress 
punctures the leaves in such a manner that the swelling masses 
close over and finally entomb her; the leaves become studded 
with gall-like excrescences, each foundress forming a single gall, 
within which she lays hundreds or even thousands of eggs: after 
developing on the leaf and escaping from the gall, the young 
Phylloxera descends into the ground and commences its sub- 
terranean existence, attacking the roots of the vines and causing 
swellings or tubercles thereon; so numerous are the creatures 
that the roots when turned up often appear dusted with yellow 
erains. 

The first notice of the Vine-Aphis is by Asa Fitch in 1855 
(the grape-leaf louse, Pemphigus vitifolii) in his ‘ First Report 
on the Noxious, Beneficial and other Insects of the State of New 
York’: it is not indigenous to Britain, but in 1863 it had been 
introduced into England, and was named by Westwood Peritymbia 
vitisana; shortly afterwards it invaded France, and has spread 

I 


(ie 4 


over a large portion of the wine-growing districts of that country, 
whilst Germany and Switzerland have not escaped. In America 
the aérial form produces most injury ; but in Kurope the greatest 
destruction has been caused by the subterranean form. The offer 
of a prize of 300,000 francs has hitherto failed to discover a real 
remedy for the evil, which was said in 1881 to have inflicted on 
the French wine-growers alone a loss of three milliards of frances. 

The area devoted to the growth of the vine in France has 
diminished since 1873 by 350,000 hectares ; but the yield of the 
vintage for 1883 amounted to over thirty-six millions of hecto- 
litres, being the largest in France since 1878; and it is satis- 
factory to learn that not only the Departments of the Loire, the 
Var, the Bouches-du-Rhone, the Drome, the Ardeche, Lozére, 
Hérault, and Ariege, but also the Vienne, and especially the 
Gironde, are now more or less on the way to recovery from the 
ravages of Phylloxera. 

It will be remembered that in 1881 a Committee of this 
Society was appointed to consider and report on the evidence 
taken by the Legislative Assembly of Victoria as to the occurrence 
of Phylloxera vastatriz in that colony (Proceedings, 1881, p. ix.). 
The evidence was then deemed inconclusive (see the Report, ib., 
p- xi.),* and the Committee recommended that specimens of the 
supposed Phylloxera, together with young rootlets of vines sup- 
posed to be attacked, should be forwarded to the Society for 
examination. This suggestion has been acted upon by the 
Victorian Minister of Agriculture, and some vine-roots have been 
sent for inspection, accompanied by a letter from the Premier, 
dated Melbourne, 24th September, 1883, in which he states 
“that all vines supposed to be infected with the disease in 
question have been dug up and destroyed, and the samples now 
forwarded are roots not removed from the ground at the time of 
digging out the vines. The insects now forwarded are in the 
first stage of development after the egg. Specimens of a further 
stage (obtainable in December or January) will be forwarded 


* Mr. Buckton (Mon. Aphid. iv. 53, 56) speaks of the appearance of 
Phylloxera at the Cape of Good Hope, and in Australia; as to the latter, 
this is unfortunately verified; but as to the Cape Colony, is there any evi- 
dence of its occurrence there? In 1881 asum of £25,000 was contributed by 
the Authorities of New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia, to be 
employed in the extermination of the insect. 


C a} 


later on.” Sir Joseph Hooker transmitted the vine-roots to this 
Society, and they have been examined by the Committee, who 
will report thereon, probably to our next Meeting. By the 
courtesy of Messrs. M‘Lachlan and Fitch, I am able to announce 
the result ; all doubt has been removed, the Phylloxera having 
been unmistakeably found on the roots in considerable numbers, 
most of them being very small, but a few being more than half- 
grown. 


Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s splendid work, ‘ Biologia 
Centrali-Americana,’ has continued to appear with commendable 
regularity, the 27th zoological part having been published in 
December. ‘The entomological portion already comprises large 
instalments of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Rhynchota, and a 
beginning has been made of the Hymenoptera. As Mr. Champion 
alone obtained about 15,000 species of insects during his four 
years’ residence in Central America, there will be no lack of 
material, whilst the execution of the work leaves nothing to be 
desired. 

Miss E. A. Ormerod continues her useful labours in collecting 
information about noxious insects, and disseminating it amongst 


agriculturists and others, to whom it may be practically service- 
able. 


Time does not permit me to notice the numerous valuable 
contributions to Science that have appeared in the entomological 
magazines. But I have said enough to show that the year 1883 
has been one of healthy activity on the part of our Members, 
whose aggregate activity is the measure of the Society’s vitality. 
We have entered on our second half-century with the steady pace 
and vigorous tread of men who refuse to retreat. There is work 
for the Society to do, and we mean to do it. 

I congratulate you upon the smooth working of the new 
machinery for the election of your Council and Officers. No 
notice of any other name having been sent to the Secretaries 
before the end of last month, as required by the revised Bye-Laws, 
the candidates for office have been relieved from suspense, and no 
ballot is required to-night. My duty is to declare that, by virtue 
of Chapter 20, Section 5, the gentlemen named in the printed 
lists that were circulated are the Council and Officers for 1884. 


Cha a 


For myself, I accept the position to which you have been 
pleased to re-elect me with mingled gratitude and regret—with 
regret that my qualifications for the office fall so far short of my 
desires, with gratitude for your kindly recognition of my poor 
endeavours to further the interests of the Society. 

I beg to nominate, as my Vice-Presidents, Sir Sidney 
Saunders, Mr. Pascoe, and Mr. Meldola. 


[ND xX: 


Note.—Where the name only of an Insect or Genus is mentioned, 
the description will be found on the page referred to. 


The Arabic Figures refer to the pages of the ‘ Transactions’; the Roman 
Numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’ 


PAGE PAGE 
GENERAL SUBJECTS ........ Ivii | HYMENOPTERA: ........0- lxv 
PRAGIEINTD AG © cisieeusicisrerciaiiedevs LV1) | )e PID OPTIMA, by cisvelefsiete clare Ixvili 
COLEOPTERA ...2..0.56 Soon lgiits| aibatvreny\. Gooosoqoud ae lxx 
TE TE RAG  reletars eieve eis siels0 eter Ixiv) | NEWROPTERA «6:60 cecieiseies Ixx 
FDGMIPTERAL sess ieeiacees | EXIV) || ORTHOPTERA/ «06 «0 afevelecere.s PURI 
—————— 
GENERAL SUBJECTS. 


Annual Meeting, xxxvii. 


Australian and South American genera, relationship between, 446, xxxiv. 


Bye Laws, proposed alterations in, xi. 


Caprification, alluded to, 389, xxxi. 
Celery fly, destructiveness of, xxviii. 


Classification of Tineina, 119; of Australian Pyralidina, xxxvii. 
Coloration of lepidopterous pups, Xxiil. 
Fertilisation of red clover in New Zealand, xxix. 


Fig insects, 1, 29, 375, 383, v, xxxi. 


Fungus on Juniper mistaken for dipterous gall, vi, xxii. 
Gall on Juniperus, vi; on Pistacia, vi; on Viola, vi. 


Hermaphrodite bee exhibited, xxv. 
Honorary Life Presidency, xi. 


Insect nests from Delagoa Bay, unknown, xxxy. 
Insect-room in New Natural History Museum open, xxvi. 
Japanese fauna, relations of the, 208, 291, 393, 414, xxxii. 
Larval hairs, curious employment of, xxiv. 


Leconte’s death, alluded to, xxxiv. 
Lewis’, G., itinerary, 210. 


‘‘ Louping-ill” or “trembling” in sheep, supposed to be caused by Ixodes 


attacks, xviii. 


K 


(. dvi) 


Microscopic object-holders described, iv, v, xxxvi. 

Mimicry in a moth, ii. 

New Zealand insect fauna, alluded to, xxix. 

Origin of certain families of Tineina, 128. 

Persecution of distasteful butterflies by birds, xxiii. 

Potato-disease, supposed cause of, iv. 

President’s Address at Jubilee Meeting, vii; at Annual Meeting, xli. 
Section-cutting in the probosces of honey-feeding insects, method of, xix. 
South American and Australian genera, relationship hetween, 446, xxxiv. 
Special Meeting, xi. 

Structure of prothoracic breathing-orifices in an Elater, iu. 

Treasurer’s Account, xl. 

Undifferentiated genera, cosmopolitan, 394, xxvi. 

Westwood elected Honorary Life President, xi; address by, xiii. 

Zeller’s death, alluded to, iv. 


ARACHNIDA. 
Atypus piceus, exhibited from Woking, xxx. 
Ixodes sp., exhibited and remarked upon, xviii.—erinaceus, xviii,— 
marginatus, xvili,—reduvius, xvili, alluded to. 
Spider, parasite in egg-bags of, 143. 


COLEOPTERA. 
.Acetalius, 322. A. dubius, 322. 

Acrops punctata, from Borneo, 179. 

Acupalpus marginatus, from Japan, 241. 

Aigognathus, 445. Al. waterhousei, 445. 

Agus subnitidus, from Japan, 338. 

Afsalus asiaticus, 340. 

Allotriopus hoplites, 244. 

Amara chalcites, 242,—obscuripes, 242,—striatella, 242,—zimmermanni, 
242, from Japan. 

Amphizoa, alluded to, 394. 

Ancistria retusa, from Borneo, 181. 

Anchomenus calleides, 256.-—charillus, 258.—leucopus, from Japan, 257.— © 
ogure, 258.—sculptipes, 257.—suavissimus, 257.—subovatus, from 
Japan, 256.—westus, 256. 

Ancyrona pryeri, 179. 

Anisodactylus tricuspidatus, from Japan, 235. 

Argutor microcephalus, alluded to, 250. 

Athous difformis, exhibited, from Hastings, xxxvi. 

Attagenus deflectus, redescribed, 185. 

Aulacocyclus patalis, 341. 

Batrisus, remarks upon, 302. B. acuminatus, 307.—angustus, alluded to, 
305.—antennatus, from Japan, 321.—basicornis, 312.—caviceps, 
308.—concolor, 310.—dissimilis, alluded to, 316.—euplectiformis, 
303.—fallax, 318.—fissifrons, 311.—fragilis, 317.—gracilis, 315.— 


( ae‘) 


japonicus, 318.—longicornis, 304.—modestus, male described, 320. 
—optatus, alluded to, 321.—ornatifrons, 313.—ornatus, alluded to, 
312.—oscillator, 309.—palpalis, 306.—pedator, 319.—politus, 310. 
—puncticollis, 316.—punctipennis, 305.—rugicollis, 313.—similis, 
319; name changed to afinis, xxix.—solitarius, 314.—spinicollis, 
304; name changed to armaticollis, xxix.—stipes, alluded to, 314. 
—vestitus, 307. 

Bembidium eneipes, 276.—amaurum, 272.—articulatum, from Japan, 269. 
—aureofuscum, 270. — batesi, synonymous with niloticum, 269.— . 
chloreum, from Japan, 275.—chloropus, 277.—cnemidotum, 273.— 
cognatum, synonym of B. consentaneum, 208.—elongatum, alluded 
to, 273.—eurygonum, 274,.—leucolenum, 275.—lucillum, 271.— 
misellum, alluded to, 275.—nikkoense, 272.—niloticum, synonymous 
with batesi, 269.—opulentum, synonymous with niloticwm, 269.— 
oxyglymma, 273.—pediscum, 270.—pliculatum, 271.—pogonoides, 
276.—sanatum, 274.—semiluitum, 275.—striatum, 277,—sturmii, 
270, from Japan.—tetraporum, 270.—thermarum, synonym of B. 
elongatum, 273.—varium, from Japan, 269.—zxanthocera, 270. 

Blechrus glabratus, 284,—maurus, 284, from Japan. 

Bothrideres nocturnus, from Borneo, 181. 

Brachinus eneicostis, 279. 

Bradytus macros, 241. 

Broscosoma elegans, 233; previously described as Miscodera donitzi, xxxi. 

Bryaxis alienus, 323,—crassipes, 324,—cubitus, 323,—curtus, 824, from 
Japan.—difinis, 324.—latifrons, 325.—mundus, 323,—princeps, 328, 
alluded to.—protervus, a Triomicrus, 326.—pullus, alluded to, 324. 

Bythinus afinis, 326.—japonicus, alluded to, 327.—reversus, 327.—sub- 
seriatus, alluded to, 327. 

Cenia bourgeoisi, synonym of M. geometricus, 399. 

Calathus nitidulus, probably a Eucalathus, 253. 

Calonecrus rufipes, 175,—wallacei, 175, from Borneo, 

Calosoma chinense, 232,—maximowiczi, 232, from Japan.—mikado, syno- 
nym of C. maximowiczi, 207. 

Carabus albrechti, variety described, 229.—aquatilis, 224.—arboreus, 225. 
—conciliator, 224,—dehaani, 229, from Japan.—ewilis, 226.—fujis- g 
anus, 227.—gehinii, alluded to, 230.—gracillimus, 227.—granulatus, 
variety described, 223.—insulicola, from Japan, 229. — maacki, 
alluded to, 223.—meander, from Japan, 224.—maiyasanus, alluded 
to, 230.—opaculus, from Japan, 229.—porrecticollis, 228.—pro- 
cerulus, alluded to, 225.—tenuiformis, 226.—tuberculatus, from 
Japan, 230.—vanvolxemi, alluded to, 224.—yaconinus, from Japan, 
229.—yezoensis, 223. 

Carpophilus ordinatus, 175. 

Casnonia egrota, 278.—litura, from Japan, 278. 

Catascopus ignicinctus, 280. 

Centrotoma prodiga, 297. 

Cerceros pectinicornis, synonym of M. pectinifer, 397, 

Ceruchus lignarius, 339. 


( de) 


Chalcolepidius porcatus, structure alluded to, iii. 

Chlenius culminatus, synonym of C. nigricans, 208.—hospes, synonym of 
C. posticalis, 207.—prostenus, from Japan, 235.—subhamatus, 
synonym of C. biguttatus, 209. 

Cicindela amurensis, 215.—niohozana, 213.—novitia, 216.—ovipennis, 214. 
—sumatrensis, var. from Japan, 216. 

Cillenum yokohame, 268. 

Cladognathus inclinatus, forms exhibited, xxi—inflexus, 333,—mandibu- 
laris, 333, synonym of C. inclinatus. 

Clavicorn Coleoptera from Borneo, 173. 

Colpodes, possibly an artificial genus, 261. C. amphinomus, 260.—astictus, 
260.—aurelius, 263.—bentonis, 258.—chloreis, 262.—elainus, 261. 
—eurydamas, 288.—hakonus, alluded to, 262.—integratus, 259.— 
limodromoides, 2€1.—modestior, alluded to, 263.—mutator, 259.— 
pryeri, 289.—rubriolus, 263.—rujficeps, alluded to, 263.—speculator, 
from Japan, 263.—sylphis, alluded to, 262. 

Conderis, alluded to and defined, 403. C. orientis, 403.—pictus, 404. 

Coptodera japonica, 281.—subapicalis, from Japan, 281. 

Crepidactyla melantho, 254. 

Crepidogaster bicolor, synonym of S. batesi, 208. 

Ctenistes, alluded to, 295. C. armatus, a Poroderus, 294.—breviceps, 296. 
—discedens, 296.—medius, a Poroderus, 294.—mimeticus, 295.—ocu- 
latus, alluded to, 295.—similis, a Poroderus, 294. 

Cychrus convexus, from Japan, 232. 

Cymindis pictula, a Uvea, 208. 

Damaster blaptoides, alluded to and variety described, 230.—capito, 231,— 
fortunet, 231, alluded to.—pandurus, 231,—rugipennis. 231, from 
Japan. 

Demetrias marginicollis, 285. 

Dendrocellus geniculatus, from Japan, 279. 

Dermestes cadaverinus, from Borneo, 185. 

Diartiger, 329. D. fossulatus, 330.—spinipes, 331. 

Diplous depressus, from Japan, 289. 

Dolichoctis ornatellus, 282. 

Dorcus binodulosus, undeveloped male of D. hopei, 338.— hopei, from 
Japan, 338. 

Dromius breviceps, 283.—campanulatus, 283.—crassipalpis, 283.—prolixus, 
282.— quadraticollis, alluded to, 208, 282. 

Drypta fulveola, 279. — japonica, 279, — lineola, 279, — virgata, 279, 
alluded to. 

Dyschirius glypturus, 233.—yezoensis, 232. 

Elaphrus dauricus, from Japan, 217. 

Elater, structure of prothoracic stigmata in an, ili. 

Erotes, structure peculiar to Tropisternus and, 93. 

Eros, alluded to and defined, 400. EH. erythropterus, 400.—militans, faded 
female of L. quadricollis, 405.—oculatus, 401.—spinicowxis, 401.— 
velatus, 402. 

Eucalathus, 253. EH. e@neolus, alluded to, 253. — atricolor, 288.— col- 
podoides, 254, 


¢ i!) ) 


Euplynes batesi, alluded to, 264. 

Eurytrachelus pilosipes, 447.—platymelus, alluded to, 333, 334, 

Figulus binodulosus, 339,—punctatus, 339, alluded to. 

Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan, 205. 

Harpalus argutoroides, an Oxycentrus, 208.—chlorizans, 238.—congruus, 
237,—corporosus, 238, alluded to.—crates, 239.—discrepans, 238.— 

flavitarsis, 239,—fuliginosus, 239, alluded to.—japontcus, synonym 
of H. rugicollis, 208, 236.—levicollis, synonym of H. congruus, 
208, 237.—leptopus, 237.—lucidus, 208, 240,—relucens, 208, 240, an 
Tridessus.—rujicornis, 236,—rugicollis, 236,—tridens, 236, alluded 
to.— variipes, 239.—vicarius, 236,—zabroides, 238, alluded to. 

Homatlisus, alluded to, 394. 

Hydrophilus apicipalpis, 104,—californicus, 109, a Tropisternus.—chaly- 
beatus, alluded to, 104, 116.—collaris, 97,—dorsalis, 112,—ellipti- 
cus, 107,—glaber, 110, a Tropisternus.—how differs from Tropi- 
sternus, 94.—H. levis, alluded to, 116.—lateralis, 111,—latus, 103, 
a Tropisternus.—lepidus, 96, 116,—limbalis, 112, 116,—limbatus, 
117, alluded to.—miztus, 110,—nitidulus, 101,—ochripes, 108, a 
Tropisternus.—quadristriatus, 109, 117,—setiger, 117, alluded to.— 
striolatus, 98,—sublevis, 109, a Tropisternus. 

Hypherpes colonus, 244. 

Inopeplus borneensis, 182. 

Tridessus, 240. I. lucidus, 240,—relucens, 240, from Japan. 

Labomimus, 300. L. reitteri, 300. 

Lachnoderma asperum, 285. 

Lagarus dulcis, 251. — nimbatidius, 251,—nimbatus, 250, alluded to.— 
sulcitarsis, from Japan, 251. 

Lasinus spinosus, 301. 

Lebia crux-minor, alluded to, xviii.—duplex, 286.—fusca, alluded to, 286. 
—iolanthe, 287. — sylvarum, 287. — turecica, exhibited from Has- 
tings, xviii. 

Leistus alecto, 221.—crassus, 220.—laticollis, alluded to, 221.—obtusicollis, 
222.—prolongatus, 221.—subeneus, 222. 

Lioptera erotyloides, 280.—plato, 281. 

Litargus exiguus, 184. 

Lophocateres, 180. L. nanus, 181. 

Lucanide of Japan, 333; exhibited, xxi; polymorphic forms alluded to, 
335, xxl. 

Lucanus cantori, doubtfully native of Japan. 333.—hopei, 333.—sericans, 

' 333, synonym of L. maculifemoratus. —maculifemoratus, forms 
exhibited, xxi. 

Lucidina, 408. L. accensa, 408.—biplagiata, alluded to, 408. 

Lucidota angusticollis, malform of L. biplagiata, 408.—discicollis, 409,— 
fumosa, 409, alluded to.—tabida, probably immature L. biplagiata, 
409. 

Luciola afinis, synonym of L. gorhami, 410.—cruciata, synonym of L. 
picticollis, 409.—gorhami, 410,—japonica, 410,—lateralis, 410, 
alluded to.—parvula, alluded to, 410.—picticollis, from Japan, 409. 
—preusta, synonym of L. gorhami, 410, 


\ 


(& ixdier) 


Lycostomus modestus, alluded to, 397. 

Lygistopterus flabellata, doubtfuily distinct from M. pectinifer, 398. 

Lymneum quadriimpressum, alluded to, 269. 

Lyperus fuligineus, variety of P. prolongatus, 249. 

Lyponia delicatulus, 405,—quadricollis, 404, alluded to. 

Macrodorcus binervis, 333,—cribellatus, 333, synonym of M. striatipennis. 
—diabolicus, synonym of M. rectus, 333.—montivagus, 337.— 
niponensis, synonym of M. rectus, 333.—opacus, synonym of M, 
striatipennis, 333.—rectus, from Japan, 333.—rubrofemoratus, from 
Japan, 337.—rugipennis, synonym of M. rectus, 333.—striatipennis, 
from Japan, 338; forms exhibited, xxii—vanvolxemi, synonym of 
M. striatipennis, 333. 

Macrolycus pectinifer, 397. 

Malacoderm Coleoptera of Japan, 393. 

Malthodes, probable new species from Dulwich exhibited, xxvii. 

Meloé, larve exhibited, xxviii. 

Mesolycus, 398. M. puniceus, 399. 

Metabletus quadripunctatus, alluded to, 284. 

Metriorhynchus geometricus, alluded to, 399. 

Miscodera donitzi is Broscosoma elegans, xxxi, 233. 

Mochtherus luctuosus, from Japan, 281. 

Morana discedens, alluded to, 321. 

Morio japonicus, 242. 

Myas, alluded to, 243. 

Narcisa bimaculata, 179,—decidua, 178, alluded to,—lynceus, 178. 

Nebria chalceola, 219.—jamata, alluded to, 220.—japonica, 218.—lewisi, 
from Japan, 217.—reflexa, 218.—sadona, 217.—seviens, 217.— 
snowi, 219. 

Notiophilus impressifrons, synonym of N. niponicus, 207. 

Odacantha, doubtfully distinct from Casnonia, 278. 

Omaseus japonicus, alluded to, 249. 

Omophron equalis, alluded to, 216, 

Ophonus constrictus, 235. 

Orphilus oscitans, 185. ; 

Panageus japonicus, 234,—robustus, 234, from Japan.—singularis, type ot 
new genus, 234. 

Paraphea signifera, synonym of A. binotata, 208. 

Paussus burmeisteri, 138,—lineatus, 133,—linnei, 137, habits of.—habits 
of, ili. 

Penetretus ambiguus, 289.—dilatatus, 290. 

Pentagonica angulosa, 286. 

Perigona acupalpoides, 264.—discipennis, 265.—sinuata, 265.—tachy- 
oides, 265. 

Peronomerus auripilis, 235.—fumatus, 234,—nigrinus, 235, from Japan. 

Phylloscelis, distribution of, 173. P. orbicularis, 174, 

Pimelia angulata, exhibited from Egypt, vi. 

Plesius javanus, from Borneo, 174. 

Planeteros, alluded to, 405. 


( lw ) 


Plateros coracinus, alluded to, 405.—lineatus, 406.—nothus, alluded to, 
406.—purpurivestis, 406. 

Platycerus delicatulus, 338. 

Platycis nasutus, alluded to, 402. 

Platycotylus, 182. P. inusitatus, 183. 

Platysma oblongopunctata, from Japan, 250. 

Pleurhomus, 114. P. obscurus, 115.—sahlbergi, 115. 

Pecilus encopoleus, 251,—fortipes, 252, from Japan.—lepidus, 252,—plani- 
collis, 251,—prolixus, 252, alluded to. 

Pogonus flavipes, is Patrobus flavipes, 266.—japonicus, from Japan, 266. 

Poroderus, 294. P. armatus, alluded to, 294. 

Prismognathus angularis, from Japan, 337.—dauricus, alluded to, 333. 

Pristodactyla crocata, 288.—cyclodera, a Crepidactyla, 208. 

Pristolycus, 407. P. sagulatus, 407. 

Pristonychus eneolus, a Eucalathus, 208, 253. 

Prometopia catillina, 177.—rhombus, 176. 

Psammecus hirsutus, 183. 

Pselaphide of Japan, 291; exhibited, xxi. 

Pselaphus debilis, 328,—lewisii, 329. 

Pterostichus ambigenus, 250.—asymmetricus, 245.—defossus, 248.—fuli- 
gineus, variety of P. prolongatus, 249.—leptis, 249.—macrogenys, 
245.—microcephalus, synonym of L. nimbatus, 208.—mirificus, 246. 
—pachinus, 245.—polygenus, 247.—prolongatus, 249.—sejunctus, 
248.—spiculifer, 246.—thunbergi, alluded to, 247.—tropidurus, 
synonym of P. prolongatus, 249. 

Raphitreus, 298. R. speratus, from Japan, 298. 

Rhagadus, alluded to, 250. 

Serrognathus castanicolor, immature male of EL. platymelus, 334. 

Singilis hirsutus, a Lachnoderma, 285. 

Sognorus, alluded to, 297. 

Stenolophus agonoides, 241.—connotatus, 240,—propinquus, 241, from 
Japan. 

Steropus tropidurus, synonym of P. prolongatus, 249. 

Stipesa rudis, alluded to, 297. 

Stomis prognathus, 252. 

Stomonaxus leviventris, 290. 

Tachys euglyptus, 268.—reflexicollis, 268.—scydmenoides, from Japan, 267. 

Tachyta nana, from Japan, 267. 

Tinoderus, alluded to, 234. 

Tmesiphorus costatus, alluded to, 300.—crassicornis, 299.—princeps, 299. 
speratus, new genus for, 298. 

Trechichus japonicus, a Perigona, 208. 

Trechus discus, from Japan, 266.—oreas, 266.—punctatostriatus, alluded 
to, 266.—vicarius, 267. 

Trephionus, 255. TT. nikkoensis, 255. 

Trigonodactyla insignis, 277. 

Trigonognatha awrescens, 243.—cuprescens, alluded to, 243.—princeps, 243. 

Trimenus adpressus, from Borneo, 176. 

Triomicrus, 325. T. protervus, from Japan, 326.—simplex, 326. 


( Tew) 


Triplogenius, alluded to, 243. TT. cuprescens, a Trigonognatha, 208. 

Trogoderma defectum, 185. 

Tropisternus agilis, alluded to, 116.—apicipalpis, 104.—binotatus, 116,— 
blandus, 116, alluded to.—breviceps, 100.—brevicollis, 100.—cali- 
fornicus, 109.—chalybeus, 104.—chontalensis, 102.—collaris, 97.— 
concolor, 107.—crassus, 105.—dorsalis, 112.—ellipticus, 107.— 
flavipalpis, 102.—fuscitarsis, 113.—glaber, 110.—levigatus, alluded 
to, 116.—lancifer, 113.—lateralis, 111.—latus, 103.—mergus, not a 
Tropisternus, 117.—mexicanus, 98.—miatus, 110.—nigrinus, 107. 
—xnitens, 105.—nitidulus, 101.—nitidus, synonymous with 7’. chaly- 
beus, 117.—obscurus, 115.—ochripes, 108.—oculatus, 102.—ovalis, 
106.—parananus, 99.—proximus, 97.—robustus, 103.—scutellaris, 
96.—sellatus, alluded to, 117.—striolatus, 98.—sublevis, 109.— 
tinctus, 114.—xanthopus, 113. 

Tyrus japonicus, 302. 


DIPTERA. 

Acidia heraclei, exhibited and destructive habits alluded to, xxviii. 

Aphritis aureopubescens, pupa from ant’s nest exhibited, xvii. 

Atherix ibis, swarm of exhibited, xx. 

Cecidomyia viole, galls from Epping Forest exhibited, vi. 

Diptera of New Zealand, xxix. 

Microdon mutabilis, pupa from ant’s nest exhibited, xvii., cf. Bull. Soc. 
Ent. France (6), iii, xcix. 

Oscinis, larvee in figs, 11. 

Tachinid, parasitic in cocoons of Megalopye citri, living specimens 
exhibited, xxxi. 


HEMIPTERA. 
Ahnaria assimulans, 421. 
Alcimus borealis, 423. 
Aploneura lentisct, gall of exhibited, vi. 
Areopus pulchellus, exhibited from Sheerness, xxvii. 
Blissus bicoloripes, 482.—pallipes, 432. 
Canthophorus variegatus, 418. 
Clinocoris gramineus, 426. 
Coptosoma cribraria, alluded to, 417. 
Cymus aurescens, 430. 
Dieuches dissimilis, 438. 
Diplonotus luridus, synonym of P. pallicornis, 486.—rusticus, a Pamera, 
435. 
Drymus marginatus, 440. 
Ectrychotes delibutus, 441. 
Fulgoride, four American species exhibited ; xx, habits alluded to, xx. 
Geocoris proteus, 432. 
Geotomus punctulatus, alluded to, 418. 
Graphosoma lineata, alluded to, 421. 
Graptopelta albomarginata, synonym of P. japonicus, 437. 
Hematolecha rubescens, 442. 


( tev! ) 


Ischnodemus obnubilus, 431. 

Ischnorhynchus nubilus, 430. 

Labidocoris insignis, 442.—splendens, 442. 

Lamproplax membraneus, 440. 

Ledra aurita, exhibited from Wimbledon and noted from Hastings, xxvii. 

Letheus lewisi, 440. 

Megymenum tauriformis, 427. 

Melanospilus elegans, 428. 

Menida japonica, 425. 

Nabis brevipennis, exhibited from Darenth Wood, xxvii. 

Neocazira, 420. N. confragosa, 420. 

Nysius expressus, 429.—plebeius, 429. 

Pachymerus japonicus, alluded to, 437, 

Palomena angulosa, alluded to, 422. 

Pamera ejuncida, 433.—erubescens, 434.—exigua, 434.—festiva, 436.— 
nietneri, 435,—pallicornis, 436,—rustica, 435, alluded to. 

Paradieuches, 438. P. lewisi, 439. 

Parastrachia, 424. P. fulgens, 425. 

Peritymbia vitisana, Westwood’s name for Phylloxera vastatrix, xx. 

Phylloxera vastatrix, exhibited from Accrington, xx.—supposed occur- 
rence of in Victoria, xxxvi. 

Picromerus similis, 421. 

Platygaster ferrugineus, synonym of G. japonicus, £40. 

Plautia fimbriata, alluded to, 425. 

Plociomerus discoguttatus, synonym of P. pallicornis, 436.—japonica, 437. 

Peantius lineatus, from Japan, 439. 

Pecilochroma lewisi, 419. 

Rhynchota of Japan, 413. 

Scotinophora horvathi, 421. 

Sepontia enea, 422. 

Stollia lewisi, 423. 

Tropicoris metallifer, alluded to, 413. 

Urostylis striicornis, alluded to, 427. 


HYMENOPTERA. 

Acropiesta nigriceps, 195. 

Aculeate Hymenoptera from Margate exhibited, xxx. 

4Afgilips, synopsis of British species of, 374. 4. ruficornis, 372.—scotica, 
372.—striolata, 373. 

ABthecerus discolor, 141,—dispar, 140, new to Britain. 

Allotria curvicornis, 366.—mullensis, 366.—piceomaculata, 367.—rujiceps, 
365.—rujicollis, 365.—salicis, 367. 

Aneugmenus thwaitesii, 203. 

Anomalon perspicuum, new to Britain, 164. 

Aploastomata in error for Haplostomata, q. v. 

Apocrypta, remarks upon, 378. A. perplexa, 379, — paradoxa, 379, 
alluded to. 

Aptesis foersteri, a Catalytus, 161.—hemiptera, alluded to, 153. 

L 


(, dey. -) 


Aulax hieracii, parasite in galls of, 163. 

Bassus tibialis, 170. 

Blastophaga, affinities of, 16; species infesting Ficus religiosa, 43. 

Cacosyndya, 203. 

Callimome, compared with fig insects, 16. C. antipoda, 202. 

Catalytus, alluded to, 153, 161. 

Cteniscus dahlbomi, new to Britain, 169. 

Cynipide, descriptions of new parasitic, 365 ; life-history alluded to, 13. 

““Cynips” carice, rediscovered, 383; alluded to, xxxi.—kollari, hyme- 
noptera bred from galls of, exhibited, xxxi. 

Derecyrta flavipes, alluded to, 202. 

Dicolus pectoralis, new to Britain, 169. 

Epitranus lacteipennis, 187. 

Erisphagia longipes, 371. 

Erromenus analis, new to Britain, 169. 

Eumenes circinalis, exhibited from Java, ii. 

EHupelmus flavipes, 190. 

Hupristina, 5. EH. masoni, 6. 

Eurytomida, life-history alluded to, 12. 

Evania sericea, 191. 

Exochus niger, 169.—pictus, new to Britain, 170. 

Haplostomata, division of fig-insects, alluded to, 11; characterised, v ; 
genera of, 20. 

Hemimachus annulicornis, 160.—hyponomeute, 155.—ovatus, 158.—piceus, 
153.—rujipes, 157.—rufocinctus, 158.—rufotinctus, 155. 

Hemiteles distinctus, 151.—incisus, 150; exhibited, iii—marginatus, 144. 
—mixtus, 148.—obscwrus, 142.—politus, 146.—ruficaudatus, 149.— 
subannulatus, 147.—submarginatus, 143.—vicinus, male described 
150. 

Herpestomus furunculus, 140,—intermedius, 140,—nasutus, 140, new to 
Britain. 

Ichneumon consimilis, new to Britain, 139.—/icarius, sexes alluded to, 30; 
exhibited from Italy, xxxi.—lotatorius, alluded to, xxx. 

Ichneumonidae, additions to catalogue of British, 139 ; captured in June, 
1883, exhibited, xxx. 

Idarnella, 37; species infesting Ficus religiosa, 43. I. aterrima, 889 ; 
exhibited, xxvi.—carice, 385 ; exhibited, xxvi.—transiens, 37. 

Idarnes, species from Australian figs, 10; species infesting Ficus religiosa, 
43. I. carme, 37,—pteromaloides, 38,—stabilis, 38, alluded to.— 
transiens, probably identical with female I. ficarius, 30, 375; new 
genus for, 37. 

Idarnodes, cf. errata (p. viii). 

Kradibia, 23. K. cowani, 25. 

Larrada cowani, 200. 

Limneria blackburni, 192.—polynesialis, 191. 

Macropis labiata, hermaphrodite exhibited, xxv. 

Melanips femoralis, 371. 

Mesochorus hirsutus, 168.—pectinipes, 166. 

Microgaster, parasite from cocoons of, 144. 


( Ixvii_ ) 


Miomeris equisgranensis, new to Britain, 169. 

Moranila, 188. M. testaceipes, 188. 

Nematus bridgmanii, 193.—letus, 194. 

Nemeritis rufipes, 166. 

Ophion lineatus, 192.—nigricans, 193. 

Otitesella, 39. O. digitata, 40.—religiosa, 40. 

Pachylarthrus smaragdinus, parasitic on A. heraclei, exhibited, xxxv. 

Pachytomus klugianus, alluded to, 44. 

Palmon klugianus, alluded to, 44. 

Parasierola, 197. P. testaceicornis, 197. i 

Pezomachus brevis, 162.—dubitator, alluded to, 161. — hieracti, 162. — 
instabilis, alluded to, 158.—juvenilis, male described ?, 160. — 
vagans, male described, 163. 

Pheogenes homochlorus, new to Britain, 140; exhibited, iii. 

Phygadeuon marshalli, 141. 

Pleistodontes, 8. P.imperialis, 10. 

Pecilosoma fletcheri, exhibited from Chertsey, xxxvi. 

Polistes hebreus, living specimens exhibited from London Docks, iii. 

Pompholyx, new name for, 203. 

Pompilus spissus, exhibited from Headley Lane, xxii. 

Priocnemis huttoni, 199.—pascoei, 200; synonym of Ichneumon lotatorius, 
Xxxvi.—wzenos, 200. 

Prionostomata, division of fig-insects, alluded to, 11; characterised, v; 
genera of, 20. 

Proctotrypes, unknown larva alluded to, exhibited, xxviii. 

Psichacra glottiana, 368.—marshalli, 369.—similis, 368. 

Rhynchium parentissimum, alluded to and exhibited, ii. 

Rhyssa semipunctata, 202. 

Sagaritis incisa, 165.—raptor, new to Britain, 164. 

Solindenia, 189. SS. picticornis, 189. 

Sycobia, 31. S. bethyloides, 32. 

Sycobiella, 33. S. sawndersti, 34. 

Sycocolacides, suggested name for subfamily of putes fig-insects, 12. 

Sycophaga, affinities of, 16. 

Sycophagides, subfamily of fig-insects, alluded to, 11; characterised, v. 

Sycoscaptella, 36. 8S. affinis, 36.—anguliceps, 42.—quadrisetosa, 43, 375. 

Sycoscapter, 34. S. gibbus, 25.— gracilipes, 41.— insignis, 35, male 
probably identical with I. ficarius, 30.—monilifer, 41. 

Taranga, 201. T. dubia, 201. 

Tenthredo lachlaniana, exhibited from Headley Lane, xxxvi. 

Tenthredopsis inornata, exhibited, xxxvi. 

Terminal abdominal segments of Chalcis, xxiii. 

Theroscopus niger, 152. 

Torymus pruni, 196. 

Trigona, habits of Australian species, xxv. 

Trybliographa nigricornis, 369.—testaceipes, 370. 

Vespa, species from Java, exhibited, ii. 

Walkerella, 32. W. temeraria, 33. 


( Ixvii ) 


LEPIDOPTERA. 

Acrea, species from Zululand exhibited, xvii—thalia, bird-pecked speci- 
mens exhibited, xxv. 

Actenia rubescens, 51. 

Aigeria rufa, 58. 

AE pytus dimidiatus, probable synonym of B. hemileuca, 88. 

Aglossa cuprealis, alluded to, xxxvii. 

Agriocoma mimulina, 83. 

Alsophila hypparia, synonym of O. significata, 51. 

Antherea paphia, bred varieties exhibited, xxvii. 

Apatura clyton, bred specimens exhibited, xxvii. 

Aporodes efficitalis, from Chili, 52. 

Archiearis pusilla, 87. 

Arctopoda, 66. A. maculosa, 67. 

Argynnis paphia, parasite of, 150; hybrid between A. dia and A. lathonia 
alluded to, xxxiii. 

Argyresthia conspersa, 85. 

Argyritis pura, 86. 

Arrugia brachycera, 353. 

Asopia, probably introduced into Australia from Europe, xxxvii. 

Attacus atlas, xxvii,—cynthia, xxvii, bred specimens exhibited. 

Atychia triphenoides, 73. 

Blastobasis, allied to the Hyponomeutide, 127. 

Blepharocerus rosellus, from Chili, 51. 

Bombycide, bred silk-producing species exhibited, xxvii. 

Bombyx oubie, exhibited from Zululand, xvii. 

Callistenoma, 79. C.ustimacula, from Chili, 79; var. zelleri, 80. 

Carposina, belongs to the Conchylide, 127. 

Chilo ceres, 61.—chillanicus, 61. 

Chimabacchide, characterised and genera enumerated, 123. 

Choreutis bjerkandrella, alluded to, 73. 

Chrestotes, synonym of Lindera, 49. CC. bogotatella, synonym of L. 
tessellatella, 84. 

Cleora lichenaria, parasite of, 164. 

Colias, notes on contributed, xxxii. 

Crambus sabulosellus, from Chili, 61. 

Cryptoblabes divergens, 60. 

Cryptolechia, alluded to, 50. C. fasciatipedella, 80,—luridella, 81, from 
Chili.—ochracea, alluded to, 80.—phenissa, 81.—ustimacula, new 
genus for, 79. 

Cryptolechiide, characterised and genera enumerated, 124. 

Darapsa myron, bred specimen exhibited, xxvii. 

Dasyceride, characterised and genera enumerated, 126. 

Depressaria desertorum, Chilian and Patagonian forms identical, 49: 
doubtfully a Machimia, 80.—edmondsii, 76. 

Depressariide, characterised and genera enumerated, 123. 

Dichelia exusta, 69. 

Durbania saga, 354. 


( ixix ) 


Eugonia undilineata, 87. 

Eunomia eagrus, curious employment of larval hairs, xxiv. 

Gelechia aterrimella, 77, — invenustella, 76, doubtfully from Chili.— 
ocelligera, 77. 

Gelechiide, characterised and genera enumerated, 122. 

Glyphipterygide, characterised and genera enumerated, 126. 

Godara, alluded to, 56. G. chilensis, from Chili, 56. 

Harpella forficella, a Peltophora, 125. 

Heliconius eucrate, bird-picked, xxiii. 

Heliostibes mathewi, from Chili, 76. 

Hemaris diffinis ?, bred specimens exhibited, xxvii. 

Herbula ? efficitalis, an Aporodes, 52. 

Homeosoma nebulella, doubtfully from Chili, 60. 

Hypercallia fenestella, from Chili, 78. 

Hyperchiria io, bred specimens exhibited, xxvii; living larve exhibited, 
XXVill. 

Hyperskeles, 78. H. choreutidea, 79. 

Hyponomeuta evonymellus, parasite of, 155. 

Ithutomus, 84. I. formosus, 85. 

Lepidoptera from Zululand exhibited, xvii; new Australian species, xxxvii. 

Lindera, alluded to, 49. L. tessellatella, from Chili, 84. 

Lycena bowkeri, 351.—lucida, 348.—puneticilia, 350.—stellata, 349. 

Macariide, new genus indicated from Chili, 88. 

Machimia, alluded to, 51. M. desertorum, 80,—fasciatipedella, 80,— 
luridella, 81, from Chili.—ochracea, alluded to, 80.—ustimacula, 
new genus for, 79. 

Melaneulia, 70. M. hecate, 70. 

Mella ragonotii, 59. 

Mitothemma, 62. M. acuminata, 62.—angulipennis, 62.—striata, 63. 

Mycalesis polydecta, local variety of M. mineus, xxxvii. 

Nemophora fasciolata, 74. 

Nisoniades phyllophila, 362. 

Nymphula numeralis, alluded to, 56. 

(icophora, alluded to, 78. (. minnetta, 78. 

(Ecophoride characterised and genera enumerated, 125. 

Ginectra approximata, 67.—fulvaria, alluded to and var. described, 68. 

Ogyris genoveva, 343 ; larva and pupa described, 344. 

Oratha significata, alluded to, 51. 

Orobena mitis, 53. 

Orthotelia increta, 75. 

Pachyphenix, 81. P. sanguinea, 81. 

Palephatus, 82. P. falsus, 82. 

Papilio evander, xxiv,—polydamas, xxiii, colour of pupa.—polydecta, 
note on, xxxvi. : 

Phtheochroa inexacta, 71. 

Phycopterus, alluded to, 49, 53. P. flavellus, 54,—signariellus, 54, 
alluded to. 

Pieris ogygia, 356. 


( dee) 


Pisinidea, 83. P. viridis, 83. 

Plodia interpunctalis, doubtfully from Chili, 60. 

Plutella xylostella, from Chili, 75. 

Precis sesamus, 347. 

Psaliodes mathewi, 89. 

Pyralidina, classification of Australian, xxxvii. 

Pyralis chilialis, a Rhodaria, 52.—numeralis, alluded to, 56. 

Pyrgus tucusa, 359. 

Rhodaria chilialis, from Chili, 52.—purpuraria, 52. 

Safra bogotatella, synonym of L. tessellatella, 84. 

Samia, abnormal specimen described, xxvii. SS. cecropia, xxvii,—gloveri, 
XXvll,—promethea, xxvii, bred specimens exhibited. 

Schenobius terreus, alluded to, 63. 

Schistotheca, alluded to, 59. S. canescens, 59. 

Sciaphila leonina, 69. 

Scoparia dispersa, 58. 

Scopula amitina, 54.—cinerea, 54.—indistincta, 55.—melanosticta, 55. 

Selidosema, new species indicated from Chili, 88. 

Sericoris cauquenensts, 72.—erebina, 72.—eurydice, 72.—wilkinsonit, 71. 

Setomorpha, synonym of Lindera, 49. S. bogotatella, synonym of L. 
tessellatella, 84. 

Sitotroga, introduced into Australia, 123. 

Stenopteryx hybridalis, from Chili, 58. 

Stenoptycha, position of, 57. S. zelleri, 57. 

Tachyris melania, note on, xxxvii. 

Taseopteryx, 63. T. sericea, 64. 

Telea polyphemus, bred specimens exhibited, xxvii; living larve exhibited, 
XXVili. 

Tephrosia undularia, probably a Eubolia, 89. 

Teracolus bowkeri, 358. 

Teras blanchardti, 64.—fernaldii, 56.—walsinghamit, 65. 

Thymelicus wallengrenii, 361. 

Tineina, classification of some families of, 119. 

Tecorhychia, 74. T. cinerea, 75. 

Topeutis venosa, 77. 

Torda, a genus of Tortricidae, 51. 

Tortricina, classification alluded to, 119. 

Tortrix chrysopteris, 69. 

Ypsipetes chiloénsis, 88. 

Zygena filipendule, parasite of, 161,—doubtful form from York exhibited, 
XXviii. : 


MYRIOPODA. 
Polydesmus complanatus, supposed cause of potato-disease, v. 


NEUROPTERA. 
Chrysopa, larve in figs from Smyrna exhibited, xxvi. 


( Texi) 


ORTHOPTERA. 
Acridium succinctum, exhibited and its destructiveness in India alluded 
to, iv. 
Conocephalus, supposed species exhibited and alluded to, i. 
Copiophora cornuta, exhibited, i, iii. 
Mantide, remarkable nests probably of, exhibited, xxxv. 
Phaneroptera falcata, exhibited from Cornwall, xxxi. 


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